JP2003235464A - Method for producing feed using oil and fat - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means for effectively using waste oils and organic wastes from a restaurant industry, food-processing industry, livestock industry or the like, and to provide a feed which has a high nutritive value, promotes the health and fattening of livestock, and reduces the stink of the excrement of the livestock. <P>SOLUTION: This method for producing the feed comprises mixing organic wastes such as garbage, livestock excrement, marine product processing wastes, or distillation waste liquids with Aspergillus oryzae or malt, fermenting the mixture, and then drying the product, wherein waste oils such as used Tempura oil are added to the mixture to adjust the oil content of the mixture to a prescribed value or more based on the water content of the mixture. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a feed, and more particularly to a method for producing a feed that uses organic wastes and fats and oils as raw materials for fermenting koji. The present invention is also directed to the feed produced by this production method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Currently,
Most of the wastes from the food and beverage industry, food processing industry, etc. are discarded. Originally, these wastes contain a large amount of organic matter, and it is preferable to reuse them in some form from the viewpoint of recycling, and in fact, some of them are effectively used as soil fertilizers. However, since they generally contain a large amount of water, there is a problem that they are difficult to store and transport, and they are easily decomposed. Therefore, these wastes are not effectively utilized in the end, and are left as they are or illegally discarded, causing pollution of soil / groundwater and water pollution of rivers. On the other hand, there is also a method of composting these food wastes by utilizing microorganisms, but in the case of oily food wastes, these microorganisms do not work effectively and the range of food wastes that can be treated is limited. Further, thermophilic bacteria are generally used in waste treatment by microorganisms. However, when the treatment is performed using thermophilic bacteria, the portion of the organic matter that is effectively used is reduced, and most of it is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water and released into the atmosphere.

[0003]

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a novel means for effectively utilizing the above-mentioned organic waste.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a feed, which efficiently treats the above-mentioned organic waste to obtain a feed.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a feed produced by such a method.

However, in the method for producing feed according to the present invention, the oil content of the organic waste and the koji mold or the mixture of koji is about 3% by weight or more, preferably about 5% by weight or more, more preferably about 10% by weight. After adjusting as described above, fermented and dried feed is produced by koji mold. Preferably, organic waste, fats and oils,
Aspergillus or koji is mixed, and the waste is fermented and dried by the aspergillus to produce a feed. According to such a method, it is possible to effectively utilize raw garbage, livestock excrement, and the like that have been conventionally disposed of. Furthermore, in the method according to the present invention, as compared with treatment with a thermophilic bacterium, aspergillus oryzae is used, some organic substances are decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, but most of them are synthesized into high-quality bacterial protein. On the other hand, a large amount of digestive enzymes effective for digestion and absorption are secreted. As a result, a highly nutritious feed suitable for feeding livestock can be obtained. That is, conventionally, the purpose of treating organic waste by microorganisms was to decompose the waste, but in the method according to the present invention, koji mold is used to generate the active ingredient, and thus the organic waste is fed. As a result, the shape is changed and it is effectively utilized.

In the present method, fats and oils are used when producing a feed in which organic wastes are fermented with koji mold. Conventionally, fermentation and heat generation by koji mold have mainly utilized decomposition of starch, but in the present invention, decomposition of fats and oils is mainly used for fermentation and
The fever is greatly improved. When fats and oils are contained, the koji molds assimilate the fats and oils and efficiently convert them into heat of fermentation, so that it is not necessary to add nutrients for the growth of the koji molds. This has the effect of dramatically increasing the decomposition and drying rate. Therefore, it is not necessary to add starchy raw material especially to wastes with low starch value such as raw garbage. Furthermore, since there are few microorganisms that utilize oils and fats in the natural world, koji mold, which is relatively susceptible to contamination by other miscellaneous bacteria, can be preferentially grown. The oil content is preferably adjusted by mixing fats and oils. Usually, the addition amount of fats and oils is preferably about 1.5 of the water content of the organic waste mixture.
% Or more, more preferably about 5% or more, most preferably about 10% or more.

The fats and oils are preferably vegetable or animal fats and oils, preferably edible fats and oils. Furthermore, it is also possible to use waste oil such as used tempura oil and simultaneously process the waste oil. As an example of Aspergillus oryzae, Asp.or
yzae, Asp.awamori, Asp.sojae and the like can be mentioned, and Asp.oryzae.kawachii and Asp.awamori.kawachii (Kirishima Kogen Brewery Co., Ltd.) are preferable. Oil is usually the most disliked because it cannot be processed in conventional composting plants. However, when this type of koji mold is used, the oil and fat decomposing ability is high, and the above-mentioned oil and fat-treated waste can be favorably treated. It can also be used in combination with other filamentous fungi suitable for decomposition.

Furthermore, when the koji mold is grown and fermentation begins, the waste heat is dried by the heat of fermentation to obtain a feed having a desired water content or less, but the speed or degree of drying is required. It is also possible to improve it by blowing warm air accordingly. The water content of the final feed is preferably about 30% by weight or less, more preferably about 20% by weight or less, more preferably about 15% by weight or less. further,
In the present invention, the feed obtained by the above production method is provided. This feed has a very high nutritional value and can be suitably fed to livestock such as cattle, pigs and chickens. Since the koji mold uses fats and oils as an energy source, the fats and oils are digested and reduced, and the koji mold-derived lipolytic enzyme is further contained. Oils and fats cause diarrhea in livestock,
The inclusion of lipolytic enzymes completely eliminates this problem, but rather improves the nutritional value of the feed and promotes fattening of livestock. Furthermore, due to the action of Aspergillus oryzae, enzymes such as amylase, protease and active oxygen degrading enzyme will also be accumulated in large amounts in this feed, which will greatly aid digestion of livestock fed this feed and further reduce stress. . It also has the effect of suppressing the foul odor of livestock dung. Further, feeding a feed containing unsaturated fatty acids to livestock causes a decrease in meat quality such as yellowing, but the unsaturated fatty acids are reduced by treatment with Aspergillus oryzae, and the fed livestock has good meat quality.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below. First, the organic waste that can be used as a raw material in the present method includes, for example, food waste, food processing waste, livestock waste, human waste, quarantine station waste, and the like. These wastes can be arbitrarily selected, and any one of them may be used alone or a mixture thereof may be used. These wastes are rich in amino acids, which enhances their nutritional value as feed. Raw garbage is, for example, in the food and beverage industry,
Includes household cooking waste and leftover food. The food processing waste includes, for example, meat processing waste, distillation waste liquid, marine product processing waste, and the like, and in particular, fish broth produced by seafood processing, fish viscera, etc. can be used in the process of manufacturing marine product. It is one that has been separated and removed from all fish that have been conventionally discarded, and the site thereof is not particularly limited. The low-melting point unsaturated fatty acid contained in processed marine products is highly evaluated as a growth promoting factor and can be effectively used. Livestock wastes include, for example, all wastes in raising livestock animals and dead animals. In addition, as human waste used, cattle, horses,
Excrements from livestock such as chickens, excrements of other animals and humans can be used. It is preferable to sterilize the waste by means such as steaming so that the storability and safety are increased.

Next, the oil content is adjusted according to the prepared waste. Except for garbage containing a large amount of oil painting, the oil content is usually adjusted by adding fats and oils. Here, any oil or fat may be used, such as tempura oil, lard, soy sauce oil, meat factory waste oil, olive oil and the like, as long as it is available and suitable for food. Aspergillus oryzae secretes lipolytic enzymes to the outside of the cell, it is possible to decompose water-insoluble fats and oils into water-soluble fatty acids and take them into cells for utilization. This is because it can be disassembled regardless of. Further, as is well known, the treatment of waste oil as an industrial waste has become a pollution problem, but if waste oil is used as the above-mentioned fats and oils, this problem can be effectively solved. The oil content is adjusted to about 3% by weight or more, preferably about 5% by weight or more, preferably about 10% by weight or more based on the water content of the final mixture before fermentation. The amount of fat or oil added is preferably about 1.5% by weight or more, more preferably about 5% by weight or more, and even more preferably about 10% by weight or more of the water content of the mixture.

The method of fermenting Aspergillus oryzae to obtain a feed may be any conventionally known method. For example,
a) Koji mold or koji is added to the organic waste in which the oil content has been adjusted and mixed well, and b) the koji-containing material is placed in a static draft koji making device and maintained at about 30 ° C to 50 ° C to continue stirring, A method of fermenting to reduce the water content to about 20% by weight or less to obtain a feed, and further c) further mixing the ingredients to further increase the water content of the mixture to about 20 to 35% by weight, and further fermenting and drying; b. ) And c) are repeated to obtain a feed having a water content of about 20% or less. The water content of the mixture in step a) is preferably about 50% or less, more preferably about 25%.
-40%. The moisture control of the material can be adjusted in any way, for example other relatively dry waste, sawdust, canna debris, bran, rice and barley bran, beet pulp,
It is also possible to reduce water content by mixing with hay, and further with dry koji feed produced by the above method, or by leaving it to stand, warm air, and drying in the sun. Two or more of the above may be used in combination. On the contrary, it is possible to increase the water content by adding vegetable waste and water. Therefore, the water content of the waste of the present invention does not matter. The koji mold used in the present method may be a koji-manufacturing product which is usually used, and specifically, Aspergillius or Mona.
scus genus, preferably Asp.oryzae, Asp.awamori, Asp.soj
ae and the like, more preferably high oil and fat decomposing ability,
Asp.oryzae.kawachii and Asp.awamori.kawachii (Kirishima Kogen Brewery Co., Ltd.), which may be used in combination with other filamentous fungi. The seed koji may be in the form of koji, or of course, the seed koji may be added as it is. The amount of seed koji added may be small and of course large because it grows in the production process.

After the koji mold is mixed, heat is started with the growth of the koji mold, and the product temperature gradually rises. After that, it is preferable to keep the temperature at about 35 ° C. to 50 ° C. in a constant temperature bath or the like, and cooling by blowing air or the like is effective. About 50 ℃
Blowing air heated to -60 ° C is more effective for drying. When the koji mold starts to ferment, the heat of fermentation evaporates water. Therefore, it can be used as a feed with the required water content. Finally, the water content of the feed is reduced to about 30% by weight or less, preferably about 20% by weight or less, more preferably about 15% by weight or less. When the water content of the feed is higher than about 30% by weight, the total amount becomes large, which makes storage and transportation difficult. In addition, it is inferior in long-term storability and is likely to rot, which is not preferable. The dried waste can be used as it is as feed. Further, when it is necessary to further reduce the water content of the obtained feed, drying may be performed using hot air of a steam heater or the like. Further, when the water content is lowered, preferably when the water content is about 20%, the material having a higher water content is further added and stirred to adjust the water content to about 30%, and the fermentation can be continued, and this is repeated for several steps. be able to.

[0012]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. Example 1 10 liters of tempura oil was added to 100 kg of poultry manure having a water content of 36%, mixed and steam sterilized. Next, 100 g of seed koji was added and mixed well. In this way, the raw material mixture in which the koji mold was sufficiently mixed was charged into a static draft koji making device. With the growth of the koji mold, fever started about 12 hours after the koji mold was mixed. Air was blown appropriately to control this heat generation to an appropriate temperature (30 ° C to 50 ° C). 17 hours to 30 after starting koji making
After the lapse of time, the growth of Aspergillus oryzae became the most active, and the temperature of the mixture rose to 45 ° C. Furthermore, continue making koji,
In the latter half of koji making, hot air was sent through a steam heater to improve the efficiency of drying. As a result, 48 after the start of koji making
64 Kg of a fermentation product (feed) having a water content of 10% was obtained over time.

Example 2 To 100 kg of waste from a restaurant, 10 liters of tempura oil was added and mixed. Next, 20 g of seed koji was added and mixed well. In this way, the raw material mixture in which the koji mold was sufficiently mixed was charged into a static draft koji making device. With the growth of the koji mold, fever started about 12 hours after the koji mold was mixed. Air was blown appropriately to control this heat generation to an appropriate temperature (30 ° C to 50 ° C). After 17 hours to 30 hours have passed since the start of the koji making, the growth of the koji mold becomes the most active and the temperature of the mixture is 45 ° C.
Rose to. Furthermore, the koji making was continued, and in the latter half of the koji making, hot air was sent through a steam heater to improve the efficiency of drying. As a result, the water content was 10% 48 hours after the start of koji making.
22 Kg of the fermentation product (feed) of was obtained.

Example 3 100 kg of waste from a restaurant was mixed with 10 liters of tempura oil. Boiled rice malt with water content of 15% 600K
When water was added and stirred, the water content became 25%. After 30 minutes, the heat of koji mold became vigorous, and appropriate air was blown to maintain the product temperature at 40 ° C.
% Koji feed of 615 kg was obtained.

Example 4 The feed of Example 2 was mixed with a conventional standard feed in an amount of 15% and fed to black pigs, and compared with a black pig fed with only the standard feed. The fattening data is shown in FIG. As is clear from this data, 2 pigs were fed 15% of this feed compared to the conventional standard feed.
A weight gain of 0% was recorded.

Example 5 Further, an example in which the chickens were fed was illustrated in FIG. A chicken fed with the feed of the present invention mixed with the standard feed (A), a chicken fed with the koji fermented feed produced without mixing the standard feed with fat (B), and only the standard feed. Chicken (C)
It is a comparison of the spawning rate of. As is clear from this data, the egg-laying rate decreases in the normal egg-laying chickens one year after the start of egg-laying, whereas in the chickens fed with the feed of the present invention 50%,
The high egg-laying rate has been maintained stably over the years, and the higher the mixing ratio of the feed of the present invention, the higher the effect.

Example 6 500 g of bran malt was mixed with 266 g of food waste sterilized with steam to obtain a water content of 35.4%. An additional 25 g of edible waste oil was admixed. Here, the oil content was 7.2%. Since the product temperature rose immediately after mixing, air was blown as appropriate to maintain the product temperature below 40 ° C. After 24 hours, the water content was 14% and the oil content was 8.1.
As a result, 507.7 g of% malt feed was obtained. Immediately after mixing the food waste and the waste oil, the oil content of koji was 7.2%, but it changed to 8.1% after 24 hours. When this is calculated as an absolute amount, it means that immediately after mixing, the oil content was (500 + 291) × 7.2% = 57 g. On the other hand, after 24 hours of koji making, the oil content was reduced to 507.7 × 8.1% = 41 g. During this time, the water content decreased from 766 × 35.4% = 271 ml to 507.7 × 14% = 71 ml. That is, 571-71 = 57 while evaporating 200 ml of water.
It can be seen that −41 = 16 g of waste oil is consumed. That is, it is understood that 8% of the amount of water, that is, 16 g of waste oil is required to evaporate 200 ml of water by the fermentation heat of koji.
Further, the iodine value of the waste oil before the koji making was 265, but the iodine value of the contained oil after the koji making for 24 hours was reduced to 151. This indicates that the unsaturated fatty acids in the waste oil were largely decomposed by the action of Aspergillus oryzae. As is clear from the above examples, while the feed from the conventional food waste was merely a substitute for the ordinary feed, the feed of the present invention is far superior to the function of the conventional feed. Have an effect.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows changes in body weight of black pigs fed with the feed of the present invention mixed with a standard feed (A) and the standard feed only (B).

FIG. 2 is a feed (A) in which the feed of the present invention is mixed with a standard feed, a feed (B) in which koji fermentation leftover rice not mixed with oil and fat is mixed with a standard feed, and a chicken fed with only the standard feed (C). It is a graph showing the transition of the egg laying rate.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] April 28, 2003 (2003.4.2)
8)

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be amended] Claims

[Correction method] Change

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[Claims]

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0009

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Next, the oil content is adjusted according to the prepared waste. Oil other than raw garbage or the like large amount is contained, the adjustment of the oil is carried out such as by adding a normal fat. The fats and oils used here are tempura oil, lard, soy sauce oil,
Any available edible meat factory oil, olive oil, etc. may be used. Aspergillus oryzae secretes lipolytic enzymes to the outside of the cell, it is possible to decompose water-insoluble fats and oils into water-soluble fatty acids and take them into cells for utilization. This is because it can be disassembled regardless of. Further, as is well known, the treatment of waste oil as an industrial waste has become a pollution problem, but if waste oil is used as the above-mentioned fats and oils, this problem can be effectively solved. The oil content is adjusted to about 3% by weight or more, preferably about 5% by weight or more, preferably about 10% by weight or more based on the water content of the final mixture before fermentation. The amount of fat or oil added is preferably about 1.5% by weight or more, more preferably about 5% by weight, of the water content of the mixture.
Above, still more preferably about 10% by weight or more. ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] May 29, 2003 (2003.5.2)
9)

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be amended] Claims

[Correction method] Change

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[Claims]

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) A23K 1/165 A23K 1/165 C B09B 3/00 B09B 3/00 ZABD ZAB A F term (reference) 2B150 AA01 AA03 AA05 AB20 AD02 BB01 CC01 CD15 CD21 CD37 CH08 CJ08 DF09 4D004 AA02 AA03 AA04 BA04 CA15 CA19 CA42 CA46 CB31 CB37 CC07 CC08 CC15 DA02 DA03 DA06 DA09 DA10

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing a feed, comprising mixing organic waste with koji mold or koji, fermenting and drying the mixture to produce a feed,
A method for producing a feed, comprising the step of adjusting the oil content of the mixture to 3% by weight or more, preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 10% by weight or more with respect to the water content of the mixture. 2. The method for producing a feed according to claim 1, wherein the oil content is adjusted by adding fats and oils. 3. The addition amount of the oil or fat is 1.5% by weight or more, preferably 5% by weight or more, and more preferably 10% by weight or more of the water content of the mixture. Method for producing animal feed. 4. The method for producing a feed according to claim 2, wherein the fat or oil is an edible fat or oil. 5. The method of producing a feed according to claim 1, wherein the feed contains a koji-derived lipolytic enzyme. 6. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste is garbage. 7. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste is at least one kind of waste selected from human waste, water and livestock processing waste, and distillation waste liquid. 8. The method for producing a feed according to claim 1, wherein the feed contains 30% by weight or less of water. 9. A feed obtained by the method for producing a feed according to claim 1.