JPS59196449A - Axial-strain measuring device for laid rails - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To monitor the safety of rails, by measuring the axial strain of the rails, which is stored by the deformation caused by thermal expansion and contraction in the immovable section of a long rail. CONSTITUTION:Under the state a rail is not laid, measuring marks 3 are provided at a side part B of the rail 1. The distance between the marks, the temperature of the rail under this state, and the rail number assigned to the rail 1 are stored in a computer. After the laying, the distance between the marks 3, which are attached to the rail 1 and the temperature of the rail are measured at an appropriate time. Based on the measured values and the measured values before laying, the axial strain of the laid rail 1 is computed by the computer. The data with the number of the rail 1 are accepted by the computer. Therefore the states of the many rails 1 can be efficiently managed. The distance between the marks 3 is selected to be about 10cm. Therefore the measuring means can be made compact and easy to carry. When connecting holes for telephone circuits are provided along the rails, the data can be sent to a cental monitoring station during the movement.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring axial stress of installed rails, and in particular, to measure the axial stress of each installed rail to obtain data for determining whether or not there is a problem with train operation. That is.

<Background of the Invention> Generally, a track is provided with a clearance at the joint portion of the rail, and this clearance is used to absorb expansion and contraction deformation caused by thermal expansion of the rail.

By the way, rail joints apply large jpJf to the wheels and generate vibration due to impact, which causes significant wear and fatigue on the rail pillows, track bed ballasts, etc., resulting in an increase in work load. There are drawbacks. It also makes the ride uncomfortable and is a weak point on the track from a safety standpoint. Against this background, long rails, in which rails are continuously welded to eliminate joints, have been put into practical use. Standard length rails of about 20 meters can expand and contract freely with changes in temperature, but if the rails are longer than this, the expansion and contraction of the rails will be hindered by the longitudinal track resistance between the track bed and sleepers, and the track structure will also be affected. However, when the track length is about 200 meters or more, an immovable section occurs in the center of the rail, and the rail in this immovable section exhibits a phenomenon in which, in principle, it does not expand or contract at all throughout the year. Therefore, if the temperature conditions and track structure are the same, no matter how long the long rail becomes, the extensometer at the end of the rail can be made the same. In this way, the amount of expansion and contraction at the end of the long rail is quantified, and the amount of expansion and contraction is absorbed by the expansion joint.

On the other hand, in the stationary section, the heat energy due to temperature changes is not consumed by the expansion and contraction of the rails. In other words, all thermal energy is stored in the rail as thermal stress.

At that time, the rail axial stress P (+&) is rail! :f
The elastic modulus of l is E (My/c, 5), the cross-sectional area of the rail is A (, J), and the coefficient of linear expansion is β (-] 14X10-
5) If the temperature change from the time of rail installation is Δt ('C), the well-known following equation is obtained.

1) = E −A・β・△t・・・・・・・・・(
1) Therefore, buckling strength and welding strength that can withstand and balance the axial stress P generated in the rail are required in the stationary section of the long rail.

In this way, axial stress is accumulated in the stationary section of the long rail due to thermal expansion and contraction deformation, so it would be convenient to measure the axial stress of the rail and monitor whether it is within the safe limits or not.

<Prior art> The conventional method for measuring axial stress is to set up a comparison rail near the rail to be laid, with both ends free, and to allow for free expansion and contraction. One method is to determine the axial stress of a certain rail, and the other is to attach a resistance wire O/strain meter to the rail and measure the amount of strain due to expansion and contraction to determine the stress, but both methods require installation of the device and measurement method. However, there are drawbacks that make it complex and difficult to put into practical use. For this reason, there have been no examples of this being carried out other than for some research purposes.

<Objective of the Invention> The present invention aims to provide an apparatus for measuring the axial stress of a laid rail that can be easily put into practical use.

<Summary of the Invention> In the present invention, vernier marks are attached to the rail before it is laid, and the distance between the marks, the rail temperature in that condition, and the rail number attached to the rail are stored in a computer. A system that measures the distance between marks placed on the rail and the rail temperature at different times, and calculates the axial stress of the installed rail using a computer based on the measured values and the measured value before installation. It is.

In this case, the means for determining the distance between the vernier marks attached to the rail and the rail temperature should be portable, measure the distance between the marks on each rail and the rail temperature, and send the measured data together with the rail number to a telephone line, etc. The distance between marks i'1tll in the free expansion and contraction state of each rail and the rail temperature at that time are registered in advance in the computer by transmitting the data to the computer through communication means. It is possible to calculate the axial stress exerted on each rail.

With this configuration, it is possible to manage the status of a large number of rails, and in this respect, the practical effect is significant.

<Embodiments of the Invention> As the vernier mark to be attached to the rail, for example, a pin may be planted on the rail, a marking line may be attached, a sticker may be attached, etc. Here we will explain how to install pins on the rail.

The pin is installed at the abdomen B of the rail 1 shown in Figure 1.
is the most suitable. In other words, when marking lines etc. are 1=1, it is possible to use the head A of rail 1 as the mark mounting surface, but this is likely to wear out due to friction with the wheels that occurs when trains pass, and is likely to get dirty due to wind, rain, dust, etc. There are some drawbacks. Also, when using either the marking line or the method of planting pins, it may be possible to select the side C of the 11F section as the mark mounting surface.The position of C overlaps with the mounting position of the rail fastening bracket 2. In addition, there may be scratches or damage caused by crushed stone.

Therefore, it is most suitable to set the mark mounting surface on the abdomen B of the rail 1.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the structure of mark defeat 1. In the row shown in Figure 2, the cylindrical bottle 3 is placed at
This shows the case where the structure is driven into the hole. In other words, a hole is formed in the abdomen B of the rail 1, and the small diameter portion formed on the tip side of the pin 3 is press-fitted into this hole (7. This shows the case where the pin 3 is implanted in the abdomen B of the rail 1 by this press-fitting. .

In the example shown in FIG. 3, a hole 4 having a relatively large diameter is formed in the abdomen B of the rail 1, and a pin 3 is housed in the hole 4. In other words, pin 3 is inserted into hole 4 as shown in Figure 4.
The flange 3a has a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the flange 3b, and the flange 3b serves as a reference surface for the
A is press-fitted into the hole 4, and the depth of the hole 4 is selected to be approximately the distance between the flanges 3a and 3b.

With this external structure, the pin 3 is housed in the hole 4, reducing exposure to wind and rain. '1 can be made into a structure in which it is difficult for the current value to become 1. Here, another hole 4
For example, by fitting a comb gap 5 into the opening of the pin 3 and removing this rubber cap 5 as necessary, it is possible to prevent dirt from forming on the circumferential surface of the pin 3, especially on the circumferential surface of the flange 3b. It is possible to prevent measurement errors from occurring due to adhesion of dirt. Furthermore, the second
In the structure shown in the figure, the same effect can be obtained by covering the circumferential surface of the pin 3 with a rubber cap.

The marks formed by the pins 3 are attached at intervals of, for example, about 10 to 20 centimeters.

In other words, the measurement accuracy can be increased by increasing the distance between marks. However, if the distance between marks is increased,
This results in the inconvenience that the vernier means for measuring the distance between marks, which will be described later, becomes large in size. As a result, the distance between marks is preferably as small as possible.

The coefficient of linear expansion of rail steel is 11.4X10-6.If the distance between the marks is set to 10 cm, the distance between the marks will be 1.14-6 for a change in temperature of 1°C.
Can be expanded and contracted by 10-3 mm. If the measurement accuracy of the vernier means is 1/1000 mm, the accuracy for temperature will be about ±1°C. If this level of measurement accuracy can be obtained, it is sufficient for practical use.

An example of the vernier means is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. In FIGS. 5 and 6, 6 indicates a vernier means. The vernier means 6 can be constituted by a reference plate 7 and a measuring device 8 mounted on the reference plate 7.

The measuring device 8 can be configured by a pair of contacts 3a, 3b and a displacement-electrical converter 8C.

Either one of the contacts 8a and 8b, for example 8a, is connected to the reference plate 7.
The other contactor 8b is attached to the base plate 7 so as to be movable in a direction parallel to the rail 1. The movable rod 8d of the displacement-electrical converter 8C is connected to the movably mounted contact 7-8b. The displacement-electrical converter 8C may be, for example, a differential transformer, a magnetic distance measuring device that measures the amount of movement by reading a magnetic pattern, or an optical distance measuring device that measures the amount of movement by reading Moire fringes, for example. can be used.

The vernier means 6 is supported by an attachment 9 whose position can be adjusted so that the contacts T-8a, 8b are in a predetermined positional relationship with respect to the marked pins 3. The attachment 9 includes a base 9a, a tightening knob 9b for tightening the base 9a to the bottom surface of the rail 1, and a tightening tool 9C.
A movable member supported at one end of the base 9a so as to be movable in the vertical direction. , ' 9 d and this moving platform 9
d, and a fixed knob 9f that fixes the reference plate 7 to the moving table 9d so that it is parallel to the rail 1) abdomen B. .

The base 9a is fixed to the bottom surface of the rail 1 using the tightening knob 9b, and the positional relationship in the height direction between the contacts 8a, 8b and the pin 3 is adjusted using the height adjusting knob 9e. At the position where the tip of the reference plate 7 contacts the abdomen B of the rail 1, turn the fixing knob 9f.
Tightening fixes the base plate 7 to the moving table 9d.

By using the attachment 9 in this manner, even if the rail 1 has a different standard, the vernier means 6 can be attached in a predetermined relationship to the pin 3 marked as a mark.

In this installed state, move the movable contact 8b from a preset reference position toward the bin 3 and press the contact 8b against the circumference of the pin 30 (from /'C, the distance between the bins 3-3 is can be measured.

That is, the value of the distance between the bins 3-3 can be known by converting the distance between the bins 3-3 into an electrical signal in the measuring device 8C and displaying the electrical signal on the display on the spot. Furthermore, the temperature of the rail 1 can be measured by touching the tip of the reference plate 7 (/C7i degree sensor) to the abdomen B of all sensors 1 of the i'Aij degree sensor.

In this invention, this f measurement value is stored in the computer together with the number imprinted on rail 1, and the configuration is such that the distance between marks can be registered for each rail. In the figure, reference numeral 11 indicates a measuring means carried at the site. In this example, data measured by the measuring means 11 is transferred to the central monitoring station 13 via the 'telephone line' 2. A case is shown in which the computer 14 is configured to register data.

The 3tlJ determining means 11 includes the above-mentioned vernier means 6, a display 15 that displays the distance value between the bins 3-3 by an electric signal output from the vernier means 6, a temperature sensor 16, and a temperature sensor 16. Displays the measured temperature 6 (temperature display 1
7, and a transceiver 1 that transmits the eclipses displayed on these displays 15 and 17 to the central monitoring station 13, and also receives the 6 thread results sent from the central monitoring station 13 and displays them on the display 15.
8, a keyboard 19 for inputting the rail 1 number or transmission and reception commands, and π.

The central monitoring station 13 is provided with a computer 14, a transmitter/receiver 21, a display 22, and a printer 23 if necessary.

Keyboard 1 to transmit data to central monitoring station 13
Enter the number from 9 to 1'' on the rail, and send that number along with the measured value measured using the vernier means 6 and the i'Ait degree centimeter 16 to the central monitoring station 13fl.

The central monitoring station 13 receives the rail number and measured value sent from the measuring means 11 and inputs them into the computer 14.

In this way, the distance between the marks is measured before the long rail is laid, that is, in the free expansion and contraction state, and the measured value is registered in the computer 14 as an initial value for each rail.

A long rail is laid, and the distance between the marks and the temperature of the rail 1 are measured again at an appropriate time. Based on this measured value and the initial value, the axis l currently stored in the rail 1 and the force P are determined. The calculation is △〕=1, -12 ・・・・・・・・・(3)
You can ask for it. Here, the lever is the distance between the marks after installation, and E( is the %Y elastic modulus of the rail (-21X10'1*
/i), S is the height of the rail 14j'1, Δ is the restrained expansion and contraction amount, and j! . Determine by i-), No. is 414 in the laid rail.
Amount of elongation relative to degree difference.

Equations (2) and (3) are calculated in the computer 14, and the value of the stress P of the rail 1 can be displayed on the display 22 and printed out on the printer 23 if necessary. Further, the calculation result can be transferred to the measuring means 11 and the value of the axial stress P can be displayed on the display 15.

<Effects of the Invention> As explained above, according to the present invention, a mark is attached to a rail, and when the rail is in a free expansion/contraction state, the distance between the marks is measured, and this measured value is used as an initial value for each rail. It is possible to calculate the axial stress P stored in the rail by registering it in the computer and using the registered initial value and the measured value after installation. Since each measurement data is input into the computer 14 according to the rail signature, the status of a large number of rails can be managed.

Furthermore, the measuring means 11 can be made compact by selecting the distance between the marks 191■ to be 10 cm (114 degrees).As a result, it is easy to install one ship, so the telephone line connection port can be installed along the track. If set up, data can be sent to the central monitoring station 13 while moving 11.

In addition, in the above description, the case where the structure is such that the measurement data is transferred to the central monitoring station 13 during one regulation has been explained, but the measurement means ]-1+
It is also possible to have a built-in microcomputer, register the initial value of the free expansion and contraction shape in this microcomputer, and calculate the axial stress of the rail that occurs after installation based on this initial value.

Also, instead of transmitting the measurement data for each measurement, for example, the measurement data of L1 is stored in a memory device, and the memory device [
It is also possible to configure the system so that the data that has been taken in is sent together to the central monitoring station]-3, and the central monitoring station 13 performs arithmetic processing.

With this configuration, it is not necessary to connect many telephone lines along the track, and it is possible to maintain the axial stress 11t11 constant of the laid rail with even higher practicality.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view to explain the structure of the rail, Figures 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views to explain how the mark is attached, and Figure 4 is the structure of the pin used as the mark and dust-proof and waterproof. 5 is a front view of the reservoir for explaining the structure of the vernier means, FIG. 6 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 7 is a diagram of the axial stress measuring device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining an example of an electrical system. 1: Rail, 3: Pin planted on the rail as a mark,
6: Vernier means, 14: Computer that stores the rail temperature and the distance between marks and calculates the axial stress. Kaneko Keizoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Representative Taku Kusano 1st (2nd)
) Figure 4 O Figure 5

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A. A vernier mark attached between two points on a rail that is in a state where it can freely expand and contract; B. A measuring means for measuring the distance between the vernier marks; C. Humidity of the rail. (■), a rail number separately assigned to the above-mentioned rail; E. a means for storing the temperature of the rail in a state where it can freely expand and contract and the distance between marks together with the rail number; F. the rail. Means for measuring the distance between the measuring girders and the temperature of the rail after installation, and controlling the axial stress in the rail based on the measured IT value and the measured value when the free expansion and contraction is possible. A device for measuring the axial force of a laid rail, comprising: and.