JPS5911413B2 - Denki Kakousouchi - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electrical machining device, and particularly to a novel electrical machining device that has a large degree of freedom in supporting and feeding a tool electrode.

The general form of electrical machining equipment, particularly electric discharge machining equipment, electrolytic machining equipment, etc., is that it has a fixed machining head and a cross table, a tool electrode is supported by the machining head, and is fed in the vertical direction. At the same time, one workpiece is fixed in a processing tank on the cross table so as to face the tool electrode, and is movable together with the processing tank in a plane perpendicular to the processing feed direction.

”. There is also a model 15 in which a trolley block movable in a horizontal plane is provided at the top of the processing tank, and the processing head is supported by the trolley block, so that it can move relative to the workpiece. .

The former has a simple configuration and is suitable for general-purpose machines, but the degree of freedom in machining is low, and the work may become difficult in some cases, especially when machining large workpieces or complex machining. Moreover, the latter not only requires a robust processing tank, but also has the problem that the upper opening of the processing tank is narrow, so that it can only be used for special purposes.

In addition, as a special example, a four- or five-axis device that can give a precession motion to the processing head has been proposed, but although this device has a complex configuration, there is little freedom of operation and the application is limited. has been done.

The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned viewpoints, and its purpose is to enable the use of ordinary processing tanks;
In addition, the upper opening is wide open 30, and the degree of freedom in machining is high, making it possible to perform a variety of machining operations.Therefore, it is possible to easily process large workpieces and complex machining. Our goal is to provide electrical processing equipment that can.

The gist of the present invention is that a 35 ram is rotatably and vertically mounted on the machine base, two arms are rotatably attached to this ram, and a machining head is attached to the two arms. The processing head is attached to the free end of the ram so that it is always parallel to the ram, and the arms are parallel to each other, thereby forming a substantially parallelogram-shaped pantograph. A rotating device is provided, and by these, while holding the machining head parallel to the ram, its height and distance from the ram can be freely controlled, and desired machining can be performed without moving the workpiece. It is in.

The details of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the electroprocessing apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the operation. In the figure, 1 is a machine stand, 2 is a machining head for electric discharge machining, 3 is an electrode, 4 is a machining tank, 5 is a workpiece, 6 is a hydraulic cylinder, 7 is a ram, and 8
is a flange having a spline hole that fits into the spline groove 7a of the ram 7; 9 and 9 are O-rings for sealing; 10 is a rotation shaft for rotating the hydraulic cylinder 6; and 11 and 12 are for rotating the rotation shaft 10, respectively. 13 is a thrust bearing, 14 is a hydraulic switching valve, 15 is a hydraulic unit, and 16 and 17 are rams 7.
An arm is attached to a yoke 7b provided on the upper part of the machine by shafts 18 and 19, and supports the processing head 2 via shafts 20 and 21, 22 is a balance weight, and 23 and 24 are provided for rotating the shaft 18. A spur gear train and a pulse motor; 25 is a rack fixed to a frame 7c provided integrally with the ram 7; 26 is an encoder whose input end is a pinion 27 that meshes with the rack 25; 28 stands up from the machine base 1; This is a support that supports the encoder 26. The hydraulic cylinder 6 is supported by a thrust bearing 13 so as to be able to rotate easily, and its upper mechanism, that is, the ram 7,
It is clamped so that it can be rotated about its main axis together with the arms 16 and 17, processing head 2, etc.

Although not shown in the figure, an encoder for reading the rotation angle of the hydraulic cylinder 6 or its rotation shaft 10 is provided.

The ram 7 can be freely raised and lowered by switching the hydraulic switching valve 14, and this raising and lowering motion is converted into a rotational motion of a pinion 27 that meshes with a rack 25, which is transmitted to an encoder 26 and converted into an electrical signal. The data is then fed back to a numerical control device (not shown).

Further, the shafts 18 and 19 are connected to the arms 16 and 17, respectively.
and are both journalled to the yoke 7b of the ram 7, while the shafts 20 and 21 are journalled to the arms 16 and 17, respectively, and are secured to the machining head 2, so that the shaft 18 is Even when the arm 16 is rotated by a pulse motor 24 via a spur gear train 23 and the arm 16 is tilted, the processing head 2 is always held vertically.

Further, the tilting angle of this arm 16 is also determined by the hydraulic cylinder 6.
Similarly to the rotation angle of , it is read by an encoder (not shown) and fed back to a numerical control device (not shown).

Further, the machining head 2 is capable of vertically feeding the electrode 3 in the same manner as known machining heads, and is also capable of performing electric discharge machining on the workpiece 5 using the electrode 3.

The driving of the pulse motors 12 and 24, the opening/closing control of the hydraulic switching valve 14, and the processing feed of the electrode 3 by the processing head 2 are controlled by positioning or servo control by a known numerical control device (not shown). The output signals of the above-mentioned encoder (not shown) indicating the rotation angle of the hydraulic cylinder 6 and the tilt angle of the arm 16, as well as the output signal of the encoder 26 indicating the lifting and lowering of the ram 7, are fed back to the numerical control device as described above. The electric discharge between the electric discharge machine 3 and the workpiece 5 is also controlled by a known power supply circuit (not shown), so that the desired electric discharge machining can proceed.

Next, the movement of the processing head 2 will be explained with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 3, the z-axis is taken in the direction of the main axis of the ram 7, and the x-axis and y-axis are taken at right angles to this.

Thus, the intersections of the z-axis and the central axes of the axes 18 and 19 are defined as the central axes of the P and Q1 processing heads 2 and the axes 20 and 2, respectively.
The intersection of the central axes of 1 is P.

, Pl, P, and Q. , Ql, and Q2. P.O.
QO indicates the machining head position when arms 16 and 17 are on the Xz plane and horizontal;
The projection on the y-plane is point R.

It is. Point P at this time. RO height Z. can be freely adjusted by raising and lowering the ram 7, and the height of the electrode 3 (not shown) can also be freely adjusted by operating the processing head 2. Further, when the arm 16 is tilted by θ in the Xz plane, the processing head 2 moves to positions P and Ql.

At this time, the height of point P1 is Z1, but this height can be adjusted by raising and lowering the ram 7. For example, by raising the ram 7, the height is Z1. , that is, P1'Q! ' can be moved to the position. Furthermore, the same effect can be obtained by operating the processing head 2 to pull up the electrode 3. Also, PlQl
The projected view on the Xy plane is point R1. In this state, when the hydraulic cylinder 6 is rotated by an angle η, the processing head 2
moves to position P2Q2. At this time, the central axis of the processing head 2 moves from point R to point R2, drawing an arc with radius r on the Xy plane.

Since this vector radius r can be freely set within a certain range by the tilting angle θ of the arm 16, the center position of the processing head 2 can be made to coincide with a desired point in the XY plane within a certain range. This control can be performed extremely easily and reliably by using a known numerical control device. Furthermore, by appropriately moving the electrode 3 along the Xy plane, that is, the upper surface of the workpiece 5, it is possible not only to perform processing such as grooving and drilling, but also to process other surfaces by using an electrode of an appropriate shape. That is, while moving along the Zx plane, Yz plane, and other slopes and curved surfaces, it is possible to perform grooves, holes, etc. on these surfaces, and it is also possible to create a desired curved surface. .

By appropriately devising the electrode shape, even when processing a workpiece with a complex shape as shown in Fig. 1, the bottom surface of the workpiece can be easily fixed without moving or reattaching the workpiece. It is possible to perform the desired processing on almost all parts other than the above, and when attaching and detaching the workpiece, the arm 16 is tilted upward and rotated to the outside of the processing tank. The process can be carried out with the processing tank 4 completely open, and the electrodes can also be replaced in a wide area, which greatly improves not only the efficiency of the work but also its safety. It can be forced.

Note that the configuration of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. For example, in the above embodiment, the machine base is rotatable,
The ram 7 is shown as a ram that is mounted so as to be raised and lowered and is raised and lowered by a rotatably supported hydraulic cylinder 6, but this may be a stem or the like that is raised and lowered along an appropriate guide using a rack and pinion, for example. It's okay,
It is also possible to provide a higher degree of freedom to the electrodes by providing known attachments between the arms 17, 18 and the processing head 2 or between the processing head 2 and the electrode 3. The operation and control of the elements can also be carried out within the scope of the present invention using any known apparatus, and the present invention encompasses all such devices.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the electrical processing apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line AA, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the operation. 1... Machine base, 2... Machining head, 3.
... Electrode, 5 ... Subject, 16, 17.
...Arm, 12,24...Pulse motor.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An electrical processing device comprising a processing head support device comprising the components described in the following items (a) to (e). (a) A ram that is held movable up and down with respect to the machine base and rotatable around the central axis of ascent and descent. (b) a pair of wheels, each of which has one end rotatably supported at a distance in the axial direction of the ram, and a machining head supported at the other end thereof so as to be movable up and down parallel to the axis of the ram; Arms parallel to each other. (c) A device for rotating the ram about its central axis. (d) A device for raising and lowering the ram along its central axis. (e) A device for rotating at least one of the pair of arms around a pivot point relative to the ram.