JPS5910616A - Pile driver - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To permit the driving of a pile even in narrow construction site by using a pile driver with a structure in which an air pressure-regulating valve and an open guide are provided at the head portion, while the pile cap and a catch mechanism are provided at the lower part, and a hammer mechanism- housing portion serving as a compressed air chamber is provided in the intermediate. CONSTITUTION:An air pressure-regulating valve 3 and an open guide 24 are provided at the head portion of a main cylinder 1, and a pile cap mechanism consisting of a loose opening 6 and a pile cap 8 and a pile catch mechanism consisting of an opening 10 and a wedge 12 are provided at the lower part. A hammer mechanism consisting of a piston hammer 19, an air pump cylinder 21, an oil pressure cylinder 22, a hacker H, and an open guide 24 is provided in the inside of a compressed air chamber 4. When the hammer 19 is repeatedly moved vertically for driving a pile by using an oil-pressure mechanism (not illustrated), the air pressure of the chamber 4 is raised and its repulsing force becomes greater gradually, and the striking force of the hammer 19 to the pile 16 is gradually strengthened.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention relates to a pile driver for concrete piles, H steel, etc., which does not require a leader or a machine to hold it during pile driving, and is small (both width and height). The aim is to provide a pile driver that can be used at work sites. All conventional pile driving machines require a leader and a machine to hold it.3 The piles to be driven are long and heavy, so the leader and the machine to hold it are proportional to the length and weight of the pile. 1. However, recently, piling work sites are narrow in terms of area (width), and even in three-dimensional spaces, there are obstacles (power lines, overhead wires, and other construction objects) above.
The work environment has become increasingly deteriorating, requiring workers to work in confined spaces both horizontally and three-dimensionally, and it has become difficult to drive piles using the conventional large-sized reader-only system. . The first object of the present invention is to provide a pile driver that does not require this huge leader or its holding machine.

Conventional leader-type pile drivers use various hammers such as diesel hammers, air hammers, hydraulic hammers, and falling hammers, but diesel hammers generate high-temperature, high-pressure gas, which causes noise and noise. Not only does the work environment deteriorate due to emitted gas, but it also requires materials with high-precision quality and high-precision machining, and each part of the machinery, especially cylinders, must be heat resistant. It has the disadvantage that it cannot be used at construction sites.

Next, an air hammer requires a compressor with high horsepower, and since it is difficult to make air pressure high compared to hydraulic pressure, extremely large machines are not required to drive heavy piles. No.

Furthermore, since most of the compressed air must be discharged outside the machine with each stroke, the attached machinery also becomes larger. In addition, the air is emitted louder and the larger the size, the more people are involved.

Conventional hydraulic oil pressure pumps with one type of reader cannot avoid a rise in oil temperature due to sudden fluctuations in oil pressure, and require precision equipment such as hydraulic switching valves, which makes them susceptible to vibrations. This results in a lack of durability of the hydraulic equipment (2), and the hydraulic cylinder has a structure in which the entire hydraulic cylinder falls (3).

Next, in the case of a falling second enemy, it is impossible to generate a striking force greater than the falling energy of the second enemy itself. .

As mentioned above, the hammers of conventional pile driving machines each have their own drawbacks, and the present invention attempts to eliminate each of these drawbacks.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The structure, operation, and effect of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the drawings.

The drawings are explanatory diagrams showing embodiments of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a partially longitudinal explanatory diagram.

The present invention consists of a main body cylinder 1 and a nozzle mechanism built into the main body cylinder.
The head 2 includes an air adjustment valve 3, an air chamber 4', a pile catch mechanism, a pile catch mechanism, and the like. Reference numeral 5 denotes a U-shaped member, which has a U-shaped cross section as shown in FIG. ing. This U-shaped member 5 constitutes a pile cap mechanism and a pile catch mechanism together with the lower part of the main body cylinder 1. The pile cap mechanism is located directly below the air chamber 4'.
In addition, it consists of a loose fitting opening 6 which is provided by cutting out a part of the main body cylinder 1 at the position of each U-shaped member 5, and a stake cap 8, and 7 is a support protrusion formed on this stake cap 8. The pile cap 8 is fitted into the loosely fitting opening 6 at the loosely fitting opening 6 so that the stake cap 8 can be moved up and down in the loosely fitting opening. The vertical length of the loose fitting opening 6 is such that even after the support protrusion 7 is inserted, a length of approximately - to about one diameter of the main body cylinder 1-1 remains as the clearance distance 9 between the stakes 4 and 8. good. Further, the width does not matter as long as the supporting convex portion 7 can be inserted freely.

Next is the pile catch mechanism, this mechanism is the pile cap 8
Cutout openings 1 are formed at appropriate intervals at the lower positions of the main body 7, the cylinder 1, and the U-shaped member 5, respectively.
It is composed of 0 and 12. This pile catch mechanism may be configured in pairs at the target position, and may be configured in pairs, but in order to stably grip the pile, it is preferable to provide multiple stages.
．． 10' is the clearance distance of model 12.

In addition, 13 is an air intake port provided at the top of the U-shaped member 5, 14 is an air filter, 15 is an air, i+T+hole, 1
8 is a partition plate, 15' is an air vent provided in the main body cylinder, 17 is an air shielding plate, and 16 is a stake. 1. Next, the configuration of the hammer mechanism will be explained.
Histone hammer 19, air pump cylinder 21, hydraulic cylinder 22, backer H, open guide 24
It consists of The piston hammer 19 has the required weight M
It may be a single weight having the same structure, or several weights may be stacked with shoes/yongs 27 in between, as shown in FIG. An air pump cylinder 21 having a backer ring 25 at the top is fitted into the center of the piston hammer 19 and formed integrally with the piston hammer 19. 26 is an air hole provided in the center of the bottom plate of the piston pump 19, and 28 is an air valve provided in the center of the bottom plate of the air pump cylinder 21.

In addition, 29 is an air seal of the piston hammer.

Next, the hydraulic cylinder 22 is replaced by the air pump cylinder 21.
There is an air valve 2 at the tip of the reel, which can be freely inserted and removed.
8' and an air chamber 30 are provided, and furthermore, this air chamber 30
An air passage 31 opens into a space 35 formed by the air pump cylinder 21 and the hydraulic cylinder 22. An internal oil pipe 33 and an external oil pipe 34 are configured inside the piston rod 32.The tip of the internal oil pipe 33 opens into an oil chamber 36 at the tip of the piston rod 32, and the external oil pipe 34
is open to the oil chamber 36 behind the tip of the piston rod. 37 and 37' are the openings thereof, respectively.

Note that 38 is a clutch boss provided at the top of the hydraulic pressure cylinder 22.

Next, the clutch mechanism is provided at the top of the air pump cylinder 21 and the clutch mechanism 11, which is rotatably attached to the clutch boss 38 and consists of an operating rod 40 having a rotating ring 23 at the top end and a hook 39. backer ring 2
5 and an open guide 24 provided in the compressed air chamber 4 in the shape of an inverted funnel on the lower surface of the head 2 of the main body cylinder 1. The lower surface is configured to suspend the merging mechanism.

The upper part of the piston rod 32 of the hydraulic cylinder 22 is attached to the main body cylinder head 2, and several oil feed hoses 41 and 41' are provided at the top for the internal oil feed pipe 33 and the external oil feed pipe 34, respectively. , this hose leads to a pilot vehicle (not shown).

The present invention has the above-described configuration, and its operation and effects will be explained next. .

When driving piles using the pile driver of the present invention, first use an earth auger to drill a hole deep enough to allow the pile 16 to be erected stably, and then insert the required pile into this hole. 16 will be erected using a crane. Next, the pile driver of the present invention is attached to the top of the pile 16 using a crane. In such a case, the shaft 12 is erected so that the vertical center of the pile 16 and the vertical center of the main cylinder 1 are aligned, that is, the pile 16 and the main cylinder (therefore, the pile driver) are concentric with each other. Model 1
It is completely clamped by 2. Then, the stake cap 8 is in close contact with the top side of the loose fit opening 6, and the top of the stake 16 is in close contact with the bottom surface of the pile cap 8 (see Figure 3 (a)).The clearance distance 9 of the loose fit opening 6 is It opens at the bottom of the pile cap 8. 1, Model 12 also has a clearance distance of 10 between the notch openings 10
'The pile is clamped and stopped at the fully raised position (Figure 3 (
(see g)). At this time, the piston hammer mechanism is shown in Figure 10.
Alternatively, it may be located within the main body cylinder 1 as shown in FIG.

Next, FIG. 3 is an example of an operational drawing of the present invention, and the operation will be explained according to this drawing. Figure 3 (g) shows the pile driver of the present invention mounted on a desk, with a piston hammer 19 and a pile cap 8.
The hydraulic cylinder is shown fully inserted into the piston hammer 19, that is, into the air pump cylinder 21 by hydraulic operation; in this state, the air pump cylinder 2
A hook 39 of the backer is hooked onto a hook ring 25 provided at the top of the backer 1 from below.

Next, if oil is sent from the external hydraulic hose 41', the oil will be transferred to the external oil pipe 3.
4, enters the oil chamber 36', and from the oil chamber at the front of the lot passes through the inner oil feed pipe 33 and the inner oil feed hose 41 and exits to the outside. The entire hammer mechanism rises together with the piston hammer 19' (rhang J2'rf oil HE 7+) ender 22. At this time, the air flows through the air intake [113] provided at the upper part of the U-shaped member 5. Passing through the space 2o, 7 air filter 1
4, the foreign matter is removed, passes through the air vents 15 and 15' provided in the partition plate 18, and enters the air chamber 4'. Note that the partition plate 18 is for preventing the air filter 14 from falling below the relevant position, and it
M plate 17 is for sending the air inside the U-shaped member 5 into the air chamber 4'. Purifying the air prevents equipment failure 1. When the hammer mechanism rises, the air in the compressed air chamber 4 is prevented from entering the air chamber 4' by the air seal 29, so it is compressed accordingly 1. The rising of the hammer mechanism When the upper part of the /ring is reached, the rotary ring 23 provided on the working rod of the backer 4 moves the inner surface of the open guide 24 upward toward the center of the main body cylinder 1, causing the hook 39 to open left and right and open the backer. The hammer mechanism is separated from the ring 25 and the hydraulic cylinder 2 includes the backer 11 in the upper part of the compressed air chamber 4.
2 (see Figure 3 (C)). and the first
As shown in the figure, the piston hammer 19 is attached to the pile cap 8.
f: Driving Therefore, the pile cap drives the pile 16, so the pile is driven into the ground. At this time, the sinking of the pile 16 is made to correspond to the maximum clearance distance 9 as much as possible. If the pile cap 8 hits the lower side of the clearance opening 6 and has a falling blade that sinks to a clearance distance of 9 or more, the entire pile driver will descend together with the pile. Furthermore, even if the pile sinks within the clearance distance 9, the weight of the entire pile driver will cause the pile driver to always descend by the clearance distance 9 over the pile 16 due to its own weight, and the pile cap 8 will be placed on the upper side of the clearance opening 6. Then, the stake 16 comes into close contact with the lower surface of the stake cap 8, completing a part of the preparation for the next blow. When the piston hammer 19 falls, the air in the air chamber 4' passes through the air vent 26 provided at the bottom of the piston hammer 19 and the valve 28 provided at the bottom of the air pump cylinder 21, and enters the air pump/ring 21. (see arrow A in Figure 1).

Next, when oil is sent from the internal oil feed hose 41 and the self oil feed pipe 33, the oil enters the oil chamber 36 from the opening at the tip of the piston rod 32, and is drained from the external oil feed pipe 34 and the external oil feed hose 41'. The hydraulic cylinder 22 is inserted downward into the air pump cylinder 21, and the hook portion 39 of the backer H slides on the upper surface of the backer ring 25 and finally catches on the lower surface of the backer ring 25, stopping the downward movement of the hydraulic cylinder T22 (see the first drawing). At this time, the air in the air pump cylinder 21 is transferred to the hydraulic cylinder 2.
The air enters the small air chamber 30 from the air valve 28' formed at the tip of the air valve 2, passes through the air passage 31, passes through the space 35 formed by the air pump cylinder 21 and the hydraulic cylinder 22, and is sent to the compressed air chamber 4. (See arrow B in Figure 1). At this time, the air in the air bonder/cylinder 21 is transferred into the main cylinder by the air pulp 28 and into the air pump cylinder 21 by the air seal 29'.
This prevents backflow into the interior.

With this, preparations for the second pile striking are completed.
Next, the hydraulic cylinder 22 is operated again in the same manner as described above to lift and drop the piston hammer 19 to proceed with piling. As this operation is repeated, the air pressure in the compressed air chamber 4 increases and its repulsive force gradually becomes stronger, so that the striking force of the piston hammer 19 gradually becomes stronger. When the repulsive force of the compressed air is added to the own weight of the bistos hammer 19 and the impact force gradually becomes stronger, more impact force than necessary is applied to the lower side of the loose fitting opening 6 that is in contact with the lower part of the stake cap 8. Therefore, in order to prevent damage to this part, the air pressure (repulsion force) in the compressed air chamber 4 should be adjusted by taking into account the weight of the pile, the soil quality of the driving site, the weight of the piston hammer 19, etc. If the air rises more than necessary, the compressed air must be automatically released outside the aircraft to keep it within the necessary limit. For this reason, it is necessary to use the air pressure regulating valve 3 provided on the main body nolinder head 2. Adjust the air pressure and release air to the outside of the machine. In such a case, it is possible to proceed with the pile driving work by adapting the pile driver to each of the above-mentioned conditions, so that the pile driver will not be damaged.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a piston hammer. In this hammer, ring weights of different weights are stacked on top in order of increasing weight, and a cushion 27 is inserted between each ring weight. 27 sufficiently absorbs the impact force (self-weight and falling pressure) of the ring weight at the top of the pile during the pile impact, so when the piston hammer 19' hits the pile cap 8, the piston hammer 19' is moved by the reaction force of the impact. 3. Does not jump even if it is small or large. That is, all the impact force of the piston hammer 19' is applied to the pile cap 8.
The present invention has the structure and function as described above, but the present invention has the above structure and function. By forming an air bong, it is possible to obtain a striking force that is much greater than the striking force caused by simply dropping a piston or hammer, without requiring an air supply device for obtaining a special repulsive force. In particular, the piston hammer 19' of the second embodiment has the advantage that all of its impact energy can be concentrated on the pile. Next, the pile driver according to the present invention has the great feature and advantage that it does not require a leader or a device for holding the leader at all.
Since hydraulically operated machines can be placed away from the work site, they have the great advantage of being easily usable for piling even in narrow (both width and height) work sites.

1. Compared to a diesel hammer, it does not generate high-temperature, high-pressure gas, so it does not require high-quality materials for each part of the machine, nor does it require high-precision machining. Furthermore, since it does not emit high-temperature, high-pressure gas, it does not cause noise or other deterioration of the working environment, and piling work can be performed even in areas where the use of fire is strictly prohibited.

Next, compared to conventional air hammers, the structure that generates air pressure is as described above) A device for obtaining air pressure (a dog compressor) and an attached machine that releases compressed air with each stroke. Since the present invention does not require the following, the entire machine of the present invention is small and convenient for work in narrow spaces, the pile + J ability is fire6, and no air emission noise is generated1. Furthermore, compared to conventional hydraulic hammers, increases in oil temperature are completely avoided, so there is no need for equipment to deal with increases in oil temperature. Since the cylinder does not fall, there is no possibility that the hydraulic equipment will lack durability due to vibrations caused by being rammed.

Second, it is extremely clear from its structure and operation that the impact force is stronger than that of a falling hammer.2 As described above, the present invention requires a leader and its holding device compared to various conventional pile drivers. It does not require high-precision structural materials or processing, and there is no generation or release of high-temperature, high-pressure gas or air (air is only released in excess of the compressed air chamber1).
．． ) Therefore, this invention has the revolutionary advantage of allowing pile driving work even in narrow spaces without deteriorating the working environment7.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
'' is a partially cross-sectional perspective explanatory view showing the double-digit state, (q is a perspective explanatory view showing the cross section of the piston hammer and the position of the air pump cylinder. 0 is a perspective explanatory view showing the cross section of the piston hammer and the position of the air pump cylinder. 00 is a partially cross-sectional perspective explanatory view showing the positional relationship between the hydraulic cylinder and the piston hammer. 1 and (13), which are partially cross-sectional detailed explanatory diagrams, are cross-sectional explanatory diagrams taken along the line A-A in Figure 1 (A). 03) is a schematic explanatory diagram showing the state immediately before lifting, 03) is the state where the piston hammer is lifted halfway, and 0 is the state where the piston hammer is falling. 3, *4 (21)
V1 = l-b4 bones Δj and lk' store 2) only jK'
be.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) The main body cylinder has an air pressure adjustment valve and an open guide in the head part, a pile cap mechanism and a pile catch mechanism in the lower part, and the upper part of the cylindrical mechanism serves as a compressed air chamber and a hammer mechanism built-in part. A pile driving machine characterized in that a hammer mechanism is built in the built-in part, in which a piston hammer with an air pump cylinder integrally built in is raised and fallen by a hydraulic cylinder via a clutch mechanism. (2) The pile driver according to the above (1), characterized in that the piston hammer is constituted by a plurality of weights whose weights increase sequentially from the bottom, and the weights are laminated with a packing between each weight. .