US3847230A - System for driving objects using pressure or traction forces - Google Patents

System for driving objects using pressure or traction forces Download PDF

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US3847230A
US3847230A US00280945A US28094572A US3847230A US 3847230 A US3847230 A US 3847230A US 00280945 A US00280945 A US 00280945A US 28094572 A US28094572 A US 28094572A US 3847230 A US3847230 A US 3847230A
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piston
inertial mass
cylinder
driving
force
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O Blomquist
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/20—Placing by pressure or pulling power
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/10—Power-driven drivers with pressure-actuated hammer, i.e. the pressure fluid acting directly on the hammer structure

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT I An arrangement for driving objects, such as piles for 30 F example, into a receiving surface by pressure or trac- 1 orelgn Apphcanon Pnomy Data t1on forces is herein disclosed.
  • the arrangement in- Aug. 26, 1971 Sweden lO 83l/7l cludes a piston-cylinder arrangement one end of which is in force transmitting engagement withan ob- [52] Cl g fi' g ject to be driven into a receiving surface and the other [51] l t Cl Eozd end of which is loaded with an anvil means.
  • the cylin- [58] 3 der space on one side of the piston is in communication with a supply source of pulsating working medium and the cylinder space on the other side of the piston communicates with an outlet to enable free entry and [56] References Cited discharge of the working medium.
  • the present invention relates to a system for driving an object, using pressure or tractive forces, and more particularly to a system for driving an object into dense material and for withdrawing an object from such material, as with ground pile-driving operations for example.
  • Pile driving, paling and like operations are encumbered with a number of serious disadvantages.
  • the material is often subjected to rough treatment, and in extreme cases is broken. Further, such operations create a serious noise problem.
  • Pneumatic hammers are the machines most often used for pile driving operations, especially when driving steel piles. Other machines used in such operations include drop hammers or vibration hammers. The drop hammer is quieter in operation than the pneumatic hammer, having a noise output of about 95 dB as opposed to 100 dB.
  • FIGURE illustrates diagrammatically a partially cut away vertical view of a machine constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • the machine is used for driving a pile 1 into the ground.
  • the machine com prises a piston-cylinder arrangement having a piston 2 arranged for movement relative to a cylinder 3.
  • the piston is provided with a piston rod 4 mounted in a guide 5 arranged in one end wall of the cylinder.
  • a pad 6 of sound absorbing material Arranged on the other end wall of the cylinder is a pad 6 of sound absorbing material.
  • a conduit 7 which connects with a source of pressure medium, in the present instance air.
  • a conduit 8 Arranged at the top of the cylinder is a conduit 8 which connects the cylinder chamber above the piston with thesurroundings, in the present instance the atmosphere.
  • valve 9 Connected to the conduit 7 is a valve 9 which is guided by a pulse transmitting means 10.
  • the valve 9 is connected to a compressor ll and to an outlet provided with a silencer 12.
  • the machine operates in the following manner:
  • the machine is placed opposite the object, c.g. a pile, paling or the like 1 to be driven into a receiving surface, such as the ground.
  • An anvil 13, having the form of a hammer for example, is arranged against the piston rod 4,
  • the pulse transmitting means which has an adill justable frequency, controls the valve 9 in a manner such that the conduit 7 in placed alternately in comm unication with the compressor 11 and the outlet 12. In this way pressure changes are created beneath the piston which cause the piston the move against the weight of the mass 13, whereafter the pressure is decreased and the piston is thrown down against the pad'of sound absorbing material.
  • the pressure pulses can be adjusted in a manner to form a cushion of air beneath the piston at its bottom position, this cushion of such magnitude as to prevent contact between the piston and the pad 6.
  • the mass applies a constant load, e.g. 5 tons, to the pile 1 throughout the entire pile driving operation, via the piston-cylinder arrangement.
  • the kinetic energy of the mass is used for driving I the pile.
  • the movement of the piston has a frequency determined by the pulse transmitting means 10 and is suitably variable between 40 and 160 Hz, depending on the nature of the surface into which the pile is to be driven.
  • the above arrangement provides a machine with which the pile is treated more gently than with known pile driving machines. Further, in contradistinction to known machines the hammer does not strike directly against the pile, nor is the pile alternately relieved of the load acting thereon, but that the pile is constantly acted upon by the load of the hammer.
  • the noise level reached with the machine of the present invention lies in the region of dB, which is an appreciable reduction in the environmental noise nuisance conditions.
  • the piston rod When withdrawing, for example, pilot piles from the ground, the piston rod is hung from a hole in a lifting device and the supply of air under pressure is moved to the connection 8, whereby the pilot pile attached to the cylinder can be pulled from the ground with small jerks.
  • the illustrated machine has been described with reference to air under pressure as the working medium, it will readily be perceived that any suitable working medium can be used.
  • the ma chine may be arranged to work in an inclined or upright position and is not restricted for use in pile driving operations, but can also be used as a jacking means for ex- I ample.
  • An arrangement for driving objects by pressure or traction forces for instance for pile-driving into the ground, said arrangement comprising: a piston-cylinder driving means including a piston adapted to reciprocate in a cylinder; force transmission means comprising a wall of said cylinder at one end of said driving means for maintaining said driving means by gravity in permanent force transmitting engagement with an object to be driven; an inertial mass associated with said driving means through said piston for developing a force for permanent gravitational transmission to said object; a cylinder space on the side of the piston toward said object for communicating with a source of pulsating supply of driving medium; valve means for opening and closing communication between said cylinder space and said source of pulsating supply for initially raising said inertial mass against the force of gravity and away from said object, for then releasing said inertial mass to enable the same to faii by gravity in the direction of said object, and for then again raising said inertialmass for another driving cycle, so that the gravitational weight and kinetic energy of said inertial mass combine to drive the associated

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

An arrangement for driving objects, such as piles for example, into a receiving surface by pressure or traction forces is herein disclosed. The arrangement includes a piston-cylinder arrangement one end of which is in force transmitting engagement with an object to be driven into a receiving surface and the other end of which is loaded with an anvil means. The cylinder space on one side of the piston is in communication with a supply source of pulsating working medium and the cylinder space on the other side of the piston communicates with an outlet to enable free entry and discharge of the working medium.

Description

United States Patent; 11 1 1111 3,847,230
Blomquist I I Nov. 12, 1974 [54] SYSTEM FOR DRIVING OBJECTS USING 1,883,010 10/1932 Sherwood 173/131 X PRESSURE 0 TRACTION FORCES 1758.575 8/1956 Wampach 1 173/135 X 3.204534 9/1965 Spannhake 173/112 x [75] In ento Oska Vlve Elon Blomqulst, 3.526 283 9/1970 Horstketter et 111 61/535 x Enskede, Sweden [73] Assignee: Stabilator Aktiebolag, Bromma, Primary Examiner-Ernest R. Purser Sweden 42 1222. Ase/trier, F W?! 1911211 92! asqb +5 F 9 [22] Filed: Aug. 16, 1972 211 Appl. No.: 280,945 [57] ABSTRACT I An arrangement for driving objects, such as piles for 30 F example, into a receiving surface by pressure or trac- 1 orelgn Apphcanon Pnomy Data t1on forces is herein disclosed. The arrangement in- Aug. 26, 1971 Sweden lO 83l/7l cludes a piston-cylinder arrangement one end of which is in force transmitting engagement withan ob- [52] Cl g fi' g ject to be driven into a receiving surface and the other [51] l t Cl Eozd end of which is loaded with an anvil means. The cylin- [58] 3 der space on one side of the piston is in communication with a supply source of pulsating working medium and the cylinder space on the other side of the piston communicates with an outlet to enable free entry and [56] References Cited discharge of the working medium.
UNITED STATES PATENTS 258,954 6/1882 Tarbell et =11. 173 127 4 Claims 1 Drawing Figure SYSTEM FOR DRIVING OBJECTS USING PRESSURE OR TRACTION FORCES The present invention relates to a system for driving an object, using pressure or tractive forces, and more particularly to a system for driving an object into dense material and for withdrawing an object from such material, as with ground pile-driving operations for example.
Pile driving, paling and like operations are encumbered with a number of serious disadvantages. For example, the material is often subjected to rough treatment, and in extreme cases is broken. Further, such operations create a serious noise problem. Pneumatic hammers are the machines most often used for pile driving operations, especially when driving steel piles. Other machines used in such operations include drop hammers or vibration hammers. The drop hammer is quieter in operation than the pneumatic hammer, having a noise output of about 95 dB as opposed to 100 dB.
The object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned problems and to provide a machine which is more economical, smoother running and quieter than known machines and which is more versatile in operation than said machines. This object is obtained with the machine of the present invention, which is mainly characterized by a piston-cylinder arrangement one end of which is in force transmitting engagement with an object to be driven into a receiving surface and the other end of which is loaded with an anvil means, the cylinder space on one side of the piston being in communication with a supply source of pulsating working medium and the cylinder space on the other side ofthe piston communicating with a chamber to enable free entry and exit of the working medium.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, the single FIGURE of which illustrates diagrammatically a partially cut away vertical view of a machine constructed in accordance with the invention.
In the illustrated example, the machine is used for driving a pile 1 into the ground. The machine com prises a piston-cylinder arrangement having a piston 2 arranged for movement relative to a cylinder 3. The piston is provided with a piston rod 4 mounted in a guide 5 arranged in one end wall of the cylinder. Arranged on the other end wall of the cylinder is a pad 6 of sound absorbing material. At the lower end of the cylinder there is arranged a conduit 7 which connects with a source of pressure medium, in the present instance air. Arranged at the top of the cylinder is a conduit 8 which connects the cylinder chamber above the piston with thesurroundings, in the present instance the atmosphere.
Connected to the conduit 7 is a valve 9 which is guided by a pulse transmitting means 10. The valve 9 is connected to a compressor ll and to an outlet provided with a silencer 12.
The machine operates in the following manner: The machine is placed opposite the object, c.g. a pile, paling or the like 1 to be driven into a receiving surface, such as the ground. An anvil 13, having the form of a hammer for example, is arranged against the piston rod 4,
to provide the desired pulse resistance while the machine is working. Subsequent to starting the compressor 11, the pulse transmitting means, which has an adill justable frequency, controls the valve 9 in a manner such that the conduit 7 in placed alternately in comm unication with the compressor 11 and the outlet 12. In this way pressure changes are created beneath the piston which cause the piston the move against the weight of the mass 13, whereafter the pressure is decreased and the piston is thrown down against the pad'of sound absorbing material. Alternatively, the pressure pulses can be adjusted in a manner to form a cushion of air beneath the piston at its bottom position, this cushion of such magnitude as to prevent contact between the piston and the pad 6.
In distinction to known methods, the mass applies a constant load, e.g. 5 tons, to the pile 1 throughout the entire pile driving operation, via the piston-cylinder arrangement. In addition, through the pulsating air pressure, the kinetic energy of the mass is used for driving I the pile. The movement of the piston has a frequency determined by the pulse transmitting means 10 and is suitably variable between 40 and 160 Hz, depending on the nature of the surface into which the pile is to be driven.
Thus the above arrangement provides a machine with which the pile is treated more gently than with known pile driving machines. Further, in contradistinction to known machines the hammer does not strike directly against the pile, nor is the pile alternately relieved of the load acting thereon, but that the pile is constantly acted upon by the load of the hammer. The noise level reached with the machine of the present invention lies in the region of dB, which is an appreciable reduction in the environmental noise nuisance conditions.
When withdrawing, for example, pilot piles from the ground, the piston rod is hung from a hole in a lifting device and the supply of air under pressure is moved to the connection 8, whereby the pilot pile attached to the cylinder can be pulled from the ground with small jerks. Although the illustrated machine has been described with reference to air under pressure as the working medium, it will readily be perceived that any suitable working medium can be used.
Further, although the illustrated machine has been described with the cylinder facing the object to be driven, there is nothing to prevent the position of the piston-cylinder arrangement from being changed so that the piston rod faces the object instead. The ma chine may be arranged to work in an inclined or upright position and is not restricted for use in pile driving operations, but can also be used as a jacking means for ex- I ample.
I claim:
1. An arrangement for driving objects by pressure or traction forces, for instance for pile-driving into the ground, said arrangement comprising: a piston-cylinder driving means including a piston adapted to reciprocate in a cylinder; force transmission means comprising a wall of said cylinder at one end of said driving means for maintaining said driving means by gravity in permanent force transmitting engagement with an object to be driven; an inertial mass associated with said driving means through said piston for developing a force for permanent gravitational transmission to said object; a cylinder space on the side of the piston toward said object for communicating with a source of pulsating supply of driving medium; valve means for opening and closing communication between said cylinder space and said source of pulsating supply for initially raising said inertial mass against the force of gravity and away from said object, for then releasing said inertial mass to enable the same to faii by gravity in the direction of said object, and for then again raising said inertialmass for another driving cycle, so that the gravitational weight and kinetic energy of said inertial mass combine to drive the associated object when said inertial mass moves in the direction of said object under the influence of gravity and impacts against said object through said force transmission means; and a cylinder space on the other side of the piston for communicating with an outlet; whereby, in use, the object to be driven is maintained permanently loaded by a gravitational force including that of said inertial mass and is driven by a pulsating force superposed on said permanent force, including kinetic energy in said inertial mass developed by the gravitational pull on said inertial mass when said inder adjacent said object is provided with means for absorbing piston impact.
4. An arrangement according to claim 1, wherein said source of driving medium is connected to an inlet line to the cylinder via a valve controlled by a'pulse generator.

Claims (4)

1. An arrangement for driving objects by pressure or traction forces, for instance for pile-driving into the ground, said arrangement comprising: a piston-cylinder driving means including a piston adapted to reciprocate in a cylinder; force transmission means comprising a wall of said cylinder at one end of said driving means for maintaining said driving means by gravity in permanent force transmitting engagement with an object to be driven; an inertial mass associated with said driving means through said piston for developing a force for permanent gravitational transmission to said object; a cylinder space on the side of the piston toward said object for communicating with a source of pulsating supply of driving medium; valve means for opening and closing communication between said cylinder space and said source of pulsating supply for initially raising said inertial mass Against the force of gravity and away from said object, for then releasing said inertial mass to enable the same to fall by gravity in the direction of said object, and for then again raising said inertial mass for another driving cycle, so that the gravitational weight and kinetic energy of said inertial mass combine to drive the associated object when said inertial mass moves in the direction of said object under the influence of gravity and impacts against said object through said force transmission means; and a cylinder space on the other side of the piston for communicating with an outlet; whereby, in use, the object to be driven is maintained permanently loaded by a gravitational force including that of said inertial mass and is driven by a pulsating force superposed on said permanent force, including kinetic energy in said inertial mass developed by the gravitational pull on said inertial mass when said valve means enables said inertial mass to fall by gravity and impact against said object.
2. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that said source of pulsating supply has the form of a compressed-air compressor connected to an inlet line to the cylinder via a valve controlled by a pulse transmitting means.
3. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the end wall of the cylinder adjacent said object is provided with means for absorbing piston impact.
4. An arrangement according to claim 1, wherein said source of driving medium is connected to an inlet line to the cylinder via a valve controlled by a pulse generator.
US00280945A 1971-08-26 1972-08-16 System for driving objects using pressure or traction forces Expired - Lifetime US3847230A (en)

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SE7110831A SE388647B (en) 1971-08-26 1971-08-26 DEVICE FOR DRIVING FOREMAL BY PRESSURE OR TRACTION

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JP (1) JPS4832308A (en)
DE (1) DE2241825A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2151407A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1396575A (en)
NL (1) NL7211575A (en)
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SE (1) SE388647B (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026370A (en) * 1974-04-03 1977-05-31 Secretary Of State For Industry In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain & Northern Ireland Driving tools
US4308924A (en) * 1979-05-03 1982-01-05 Tunkers Maschinenbau Gmbh Hydraulic vibrator for moving a ramming and drawing body and a method of moving the same
US4311416A (en) * 1979-11-07 1982-01-19 Fredric Rusche Pre-load jack system and method of driving element into the ground
US4372707A (en) * 1979-11-29 1983-02-08 Pipe Technology Systems, Inc. Pile installation and removal mechanisms in off-shore rigs and method of using same
US4377355A (en) * 1979-07-31 1983-03-22 Bolt Technology Corporation Quiet bouncer driver thruster method with pressurized air chamber encircling massive bouncing piston
US4383582A (en) * 1979-07-31 1983-05-17 Bolt Technology Corporation Bouncer type pile driver
US4702325A (en) * 1984-10-04 1987-10-27 James Hipp Apparatus and method for driving casing or conductor pipe
US5863154A (en) * 1996-10-07 1999-01-26 Olsen; William Method and apparatus for installing ground rods
US6224294B1 (en) * 1998-07-09 2001-05-01 Peter W. Mansfield Tubular piling driving apparatus and piling installation method
US20100322716A1 (en) * 2008-07-01 2010-12-23 Hak-Gon Lee Caisson structures for underground soil blocking and manufacturing method of anti-noise non-vibration caisson structures using thereof
WO2016024137A1 (en) * 2014-08-15 2016-02-18 Ecosmart ltd Pneumatic or hydraulically operated linear driver
US20190226173A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2019-07-25 Dawson Construction Plant Limited Pile Hammer
IT202100015995A1 (en) * 2021-06-18 2022-12-18 Luca Salvagno DEVICE FOR THE IMPLANTATION OF MICROPILES THROUGH PRESSURE DRILLING WITH A PERFORATED ROD PISTON, NUMERICALLY REMOTE CONTROLLED

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5346105A (en) * 1976-10-07 1978-04-25 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Hammer
SE413603B (en) * 1976-12-03 1980-06-09 Stabilator Ab DEVICE FOR DRIVING FOREMAL MEDIUM PRESSURE OR TOWING POWER

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US258954A (en) * 1882-06-06 tarbetl
US1883010A (en) * 1927-11-07 1932-10-18 Western Foundation Company Method and apparatus for forming piles
US2758575A (en) * 1949-12-05 1956-08-14 Wampach Aloyse Nicolas Ramming machines and derricks for the same
US3204534A (en) * 1963-01-24 1965-09-07 Raymond Int Inc Drawbar multiplier
US3526283A (en) * 1968-07-23 1970-09-01 S O G Research & Dev Corp Pile driver

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US258954A (en) * 1882-06-06 tarbetl
US1883010A (en) * 1927-11-07 1932-10-18 Western Foundation Company Method and apparatus for forming piles
US2758575A (en) * 1949-12-05 1956-08-14 Wampach Aloyse Nicolas Ramming machines and derricks for the same
US3204534A (en) * 1963-01-24 1965-09-07 Raymond Int Inc Drawbar multiplier
US3526283A (en) * 1968-07-23 1970-09-01 S O G Research & Dev Corp Pile driver

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026370A (en) * 1974-04-03 1977-05-31 Secretary Of State For Industry In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain & Northern Ireland Driving tools
US4308924A (en) * 1979-05-03 1982-01-05 Tunkers Maschinenbau Gmbh Hydraulic vibrator for moving a ramming and drawing body and a method of moving the same
US4377355A (en) * 1979-07-31 1983-03-22 Bolt Technology Corporation Quiet bouncer driver thruster method with pressurized air chamber encircling massive bouncing piston
US4383582A (en) * 1979-07-31 1983-05-17 Bolt Technology Corporation Bouncer type pile driver
US4311416A (en) * 1979-11-07 1982-01-19 Fredric Rusche Pre-load jack system and method of driving element into the ground
US4372707A (en) * 1979-11-29 1983-02-08 Pipe Technology Systems, Inc. Pile installation and removal mechanisms in off-shore rigs and method of using same
US4702325A (en) * 1984-10-04 1987-10-27 James Hipp Apparatus and method for driving casing or conductor pipe
US5863154A (en) * 1996-10-07 1999-01-26 Olsen; William Method and apparatus for installing ground rods
US6224294B1 (en) * 1998-07-09 2001-05-01 Peter W. Mansfield Tubular piling driving apparatus and piling installation method
US20100322716A1 (en) * 2008-07-01 2010-12-23 Hak-Gon Lee Caisson structures for underground soil blocking and manufacturing method of anti-noise non-vibration caisson structures using thereof
WO2016024137A1 (en) * 2014-08-15 2016-02-18 Ecosmart ltd Pneumatic or hydraulically operated linear driver
US20170247851A1 (en) * 2014-08-15 2017-08-31 Ecosmart Limited Pneumatic or hydraulically operated linear driver
US20190226173A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2019-07-25 Dawson Construction Plant Limited Pile Hammer
US10883242B2 (en) * 2016-06-30 2021-01-05 Dawson Construction Plant Limited Pile hammer
IT202100015995A1 (en) * 2021-06-18 2022-12-18 Luca Salvagno DEVICE FOR THE IMPLANTATION OF MICROPILES THROUGH PRESSURE DRILLING WITH A PERFORATED ROD PISTON, NUMERICALLY REMOTE CONTROLLED

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Publication number Publication date
FR2151407A5 (en) 1973-04-13
NL7211575A (en) 1973-02-28
GB1396575A (en) 1975-06-04
NO137866C (en) 1978-05-10
NO137866B (en) 1978-01-30
JPS4832308A (en) 1973-04-28
SE388647B (en) 1976-10-11
DE2241825A1 (en) 1973-03-08

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