JPS585011B2 - combine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is equipped with a control mechanism that automatically controls the reaping traveling speed based on the detection result of the load so that the load of the threshing device and the traveling speed have a preset inverse ratio relationship. This is about a combine harvester.

Such a combine harvester adjusts the harvest amount per unit time by adjusting the reaping travel speed according to fluctuations in the threshing load, effectively utilizes the power given to the threshing device without wasting it, and achieves threshing with a stable overall load. Since the control is based on the detection results of the threshing equipment load, the load situation inside the threshing equipment can be directly, quickly and accurately grasped, and appropriate travel control can be performed. As in the case where the rotation speed of the handling cylinder shaft is used for control, it is affected by external factors such as the driving condition of the prime mover and the slippage of the transmission belt, and even though there is a child girder with sufficient threshing processing capacity, This method has the advantage that the mowing speed will not be controlled even if the rotational speed slightly decreases due to certain factors, but on the other hand, it also has the following disadvantages.

In other words, if the threshing equipment is stopped and running after finishing the reaping and harvesting work, or if the threshing equipment is clogged or some other malfunction occurs during the reaping work, the load on the threshing equipment increases abnormally, putting the operator in danger. If you stop the threshing device first due to a feeling of discomfort and forget to stop the automatic control mechanism, a no-load state will be detected in the stopped threshing device, and the control will increase the running speed to the maximum. This caused the aircraft to travel unexpectedly at high speeds, which became dangerous.

The present invention aims to solve such problems, and includes a combine harvester that automatically controls the reaping travel speed based on the detection result of the threshing device load, and includes a mechanism for detecting the non-operating state of the threshing device. The present invention is characterized in that when a threshing stop is detected, a signal corresponding to a sufficiently high load is input to the automatic speed control mechanism to control the running of the machine at a low speed or at a stop.

In other words, when the threshing device is stopped, the control signal to the automatic speed control mechanism corresponds to a high load, so even if the operation to stop the control mechanism is forgotten, the running speed will correspond to the high load. Since the speed is low, there is no danger of unexpected high speed driving.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

First, the overall structure of the combine will be explained, with FIG. 1 showing the side surface of the combine, FIG. 2 showing the top, FIG. 3 showing the front, and FIG. 4 showing the back.

At the front of the machine, a plurality of lifting devices 1 are installed in parallel for combing up planted stem culms and correcting them to a posture suitable for reaping. A reaping device 2 for cutting the base of the stem culm raised near the rear ground is arranged,
Furthermore, behind the lifting device, there is a conveyance chain 3a that cross-feeds and merges the multi-rowed culms cut in an upright position, and a conveyance chain that sequentially changes the culm to a sideways posture while conveying the merged culms backward and upward. A reaped husk culm conveying device 3 consisting of 3b is arranged, and a reaping section 4 is constituted by each of these devices 1, 2, 3, etc.

A pair of left and right crawler traveling devices 5 are located behind the reaping section 4.
.
The reaping section 4 is connected to the front part of the chassis 6 so as to be able to swing up and down.

One lateral outer side of the threshing device 7 receives the cut husk culm sent in a sideways posture by the cut husk culm conveying device 3, and conveys it rearward while inserting the ears into the threshing device 7. A feed chain 11 is installed at the rear of the threshing device 7, and a large number of disk blades 12 arranged side by side are installed at the rear of the threshing device 7 to receive the waste straw carried out after threshing in a sideways posture.
A..., 12b... are equipped with a waste straw shredding device 12 that shreds waste straw into predetermined dimensions.

Note that this waste straw shredding device 12 includes disk blades 12a...
12b... is configured to allow the waste straw to pass through without being shredded by widening the interval between them.

Further, the rear conveyance chain 3 of the cut culm conveyance device 3
As shown in FIG. 5, the support position of the husks that have been laterally conveyed and merged is changed by vertically adjusting the starting end side, and the husks are transferred to the threshing device 7 when delivered to the feed chain 11. The structure is such that the amount of culm insertion can be adjusted.

Further, on the other lateral outer side of the threshing device 7, a bagging device 14 for bagging the grains lifted up and carried out from the threshing device 7 by the grain lifting device 13 is provided. A step 15 for boarding a worker who performs filling work and for supporting a full bag is installed so that it can be folded and stored.

In the figure, reference numeral 16 denotes a backrest provided to prevent workers on board the step 15 from falling out of the machine, and is configured to be retractable above the threshing device 7.

Further, 17 is a muffler connected to the engine 10.

Next, the outline of the drive system in the combine harvester will be explained based on FIG. 6.

The power of the engine 10 is provided by a threshing device 7 and a hydraulic continuously variable transmission 18 (a variable displacement pump and a hydraulic motor).

], and the output from this transmission 18 is configured to be transmitted to a gear transmission case 19 equipped with left and right traveling devices 5, 5 and the reaping section 4.

The hydraulic continuously variable transmission device 18 continuously changes the amount of oil discharged from the variable displacement pump by swinging a speed change lever 20 provided on the side of the pilot seat 8 back and forth, and also changes the direction of oil discharge. The output rotation speed can be adjusted steplessly and the output rotation speed can be switched between forward and reverse directions.

In FIG. 6, 21 is a threshing clutch, 22 and 22 are steering clutches, 23 is a reaping latch, and 24 is a one-way clutch for transmitting only forward rotational power to the reaping section 4.

Further, the feed chain 11, the waste straw shredding device 12,
The grain lifting device 13 is driven by the power to the threshing device 7.

The left and right traveling devices 5, 5, whose speeds are changed by the hydraulic continuously variable transmission 18, are configured so that automatic speed control is performed based on threshing load fluctuations by the following control mechanism during forward reaping travel. ing.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of the automatic running speed control mechanism, and FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the control circuit. Load detection detects the load per unit time of the threshing device 7 as the torque transmitted to the handling cylinder 25. The detection signal from the mechanism 26 and the detection signal from the detection mechanism 27 that detects the speed change state of the transmission device 18 are input to the comparison circuit 28, and based on the comparison result, it is possible to determine whether the amount of husk supplied to the threshing device 7 is excessive or insufficient. Based on this determination, the automatic speed change operating device 29 is operated to perform proportional control to maintain the handling cylinder torque T and the reaping traveling speed 2 in the inverse ratio relationship shown in FIG. 14.

Next, each part of the control mechanism will be explained in detail.

Threshing load detection mechanism 26 (see FIGS. 9 to 13) A boss member 32 is fixed to the end of a shaft 31 that supports the handling cylinder 25 in the threshing device case.
A pulley 33 receiving power from the engine 10 is loosely supported around the periphery of the engine 10 via a bearing 34, and a coil spring (elastic body) is installed between the boss member 32 and the pulley 33.
35... is interposed, and the power given to the pulley 33 is transferred to the shaft 31 via this spring 35...
It is configured to be transmitted to

Further, gears 36 and 37 of the same shape and size are respectively fixed to the pulley 33 and the boss member 32, and rotation detectors 38 and 39 facing the circumference of each gear 36 and 37 are connected to the threshing device case 30. The pulley cover 40 is attached to the pulley cover 40.

As shown in FIG. 12, the rotation detector 3839 is configured to electrically detect the passage of the teeth of both gears 36 and 37, and is connected to the phase difference detector 41, respectively. A phase difference detector 41 is connected to an integrating circuit 42.

That is, the rotations of the pulley 33 and the shaft 31 are detected by the inner rotation detectors 38 and 39 as pulse signals A and B, respectively, as shown in FIG.
The rotational phase difference between
Further, this pulse signal C is changed into a continuous signal by passing through an integrating circuit 42.

Therefore, the change in the amount of elastic compression of the coil spring 35 proportional to the change in the handling cylinder torque T is
It is detected as a rotational phase difference of 7, and is finally input to the comparator circuit 28 as the continuous signal.

Shift state detection mechanism 27 (see FIGS. 15 to 17) A cam 45 is attached to one L-shaped link 44 in the link mechanism 43 that connects the shift lever 20 and the hydraulic continuously variable transmission 18.
is fixed to the cam 45, and a differential transformer 47 having a core 46 that displaces following the cam 45 is disposed, and is configured to detect the speed change state of the transmission 18 as an output from the differential transformer 47. .

Note that the AC output from the differential transformer 47 is converted into a continuous signal by the rectifier circuit 48 and input to the comparison circuit 28 .

The cam surface S of the cam 45 is set so that the reaping traveling speed V and the handling cylinder torque T have the relationship shown in FIG. 14.

Automatic speed change operation device 29 (see FIGS. 15 and 16) The above-mentioned link 44 is supported by a shaft 49 via friction plates 50, 50, and the shaft 49 is connected to a worm reduction mechanism 51.
It is interlocked and connected to the electric motor 52 via.

When the electric motor 52 is driven forward or reverse based on the signal from the comparison circuit 28, the L-shaped link 44 is swung and the shift lever 20 and the transmission 18 are rotated.
is manipulated.

In addition, the gear shift lever 20 can be manually operated as desired against the frictional resistance of the friction plates 50, 50, and in an emergency, the gear can be manually switched to deceleration, stop, or reverse while the automatic control mechanism remains in operation. be able to.

Note that if the lever 20 is released after manual operation, the lever 20 is automatically operated up to the traveling speed based on the automatic control command.

Although the traveling speed is automatically controlled according to the handling cylinder torque by the control mechanism having the configuration described above, the following control is also performed.

That is, in the block diagram shown in FIG. 8, 53 is a speed increasing drive circuit for driving the electric motor 52 of the automatic transmission operating device 29 to increase the running speed, and 54 is a decelerating drive circuit. However, an intermittent signal generator 55 is connected to the speed increasing drive circuit 53, and the electric motor 52 is configured to be driven intermittently when speed increasing control is performed.

In other words, the deceleration control accompanying the detection of an increase in the load on the handling cylinder is performed by continuous driving of the electric motor 52, and rapid load reduction is achieved, but the speed increase control is performed slowly by the intermittent driving of the electric motor 52, and sudden load reduction is achieved. Care has been taken to avoid load increases.

In addition, in the block diagram of FIG. 8, 56 is the comparison circuit 2.
8 is a speed upper limit switching circuit connected to V2.8 in FIG. As shown by V3, the maximum speed by automatic speed control can be selected from a plurality of stages.

In other words, this selection allows automatic speed control to be performed at the maximum speed suitable for field conditions and crop conditions.

Further, the minimum speed V4 under automatic speed control is regulated to a constant value by the cam surface shape of the cam 45.

This minimum speed means that even when the rear conveyance chain 3b in the reaping section 4, whose speed is changed in synchronization with the running speed, is driven at the lowest speed, the culm delivery from the conveyance chain 3b to the feed chain 11 driven at a constant speed is The speed is set to be the minimum speed that can be performed without any problems.

Furthermore, when the threshing device 7 is stopped, the signals from the rotation detectors 38 and 39 become continuous signals that do not include pulses, and the detected signals are input to the comparison circuit 28 as a signal corresponding to a high load, and the traveling speed is ■ is sufficiently decelerated.

In the embodiment, since the minimum speed V4 is regulated, no further deceleration control is performed, but when automatic control is performed without regulating the minimum speed V4, the minimum speed, that is, the stop, occurs when the threshing device stops. It is also possible to perform deceleration control to the point where the

Further, the automatic control mechanism is operated only when the shift lever 20 is in the forward operating range.Next, the configuration of the shift lever 20 will be explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 18 and 19.

The gear shift lever 20 is supported by a support shaft 58 supported by a frame 57.
A grip 60 is attached to the upper end of the arm 59, and a shift rod 61 is mounted inside the arm 59.
It's decorated.

This rod 61 is urged to protrude from the lower end of the lever 20 by a spring 62, and is configured to be pulled upward by pushing a knob 63 provided on the grip 60.

Further, the frame 57 is provided with a regulating plate 6 having stepped portions 64a, 64b, and 64c corresponding to the protruding lower end of the rod 61.
4 is attached and the rod 61 is protruding, the steps 64a and 54b allow operation of the shift lever 20 only in the forward range F, and by pulling the rod 61 up from the step 54b, the shift lever 20 is operated in the reverse range R. It is configured so that it can be operated.

Further, a detector 65 for detecting the operating position of the gear shift lever 20 is attached to the regulation plate 64.

A rotor 66 connected to the end of the support shaft 58 is installed inside the detector 65, and a detector case 66 is installed inside the detector 65.
7 has a plurality of electrical contacts a, b, c.

d, e, f, and g, and the rotor 66 is equipped with a sliding contact i that electrically connects the contacts a, b, . . . in a predetermined combination.

Then, while the gear shift lever 20 is in the forward range F, the contact point a,
b is connected via the contact lever to put the automatic control mechanism into operation, and when the gear shift lever 20 is at the stop neutral position N, contacts e and f are connected via the contact lever, and the engine starter circuit is activated. When the engine can be started and the gear shift lever 20 is in the reverse range R, the contact point f is reached.

g is connected via contact i, and the buzzer for reversing warning is activated.Furthermore, when the shift lever 20 reaches near the upper limit of forward range F, contacts c and d are connected via contact i, and the buzzer for reversing warning is activated. The configuration is such that the speed increase control is cut off and the maximum speed is regulated to (1) in FIG.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the combine harvester according to the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a side view, Fig. 2 is a plan view, Fig. 3 is a front view, Fig. 4 is a rear view, and Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the reaping section. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the drive system, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the automatic control mechanism, and Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the drive system.
The figure is a block diagram of the automatic control mechanism, Figure 9 is a front view of the threshing load detection mechanism, Figures 10 and 11 are XX cross-sectional views and XI-XIX cross-sectional views in Figure 7, respectively. A configuration diagram of the rotation detection mechanism, Fig. 13 is a waveform diagram of each detection signal, Fig. 14 is a [handling cylinder torque-travel speed] diagram, Fig. 15 is a front view of the gear shift state detection device, and Fig. 16 is the same as above. 17 is a developed view of the shift state detection cam, FIG. 18 is a longitudinal side view of the shift lever, FIG. 19 is a front view of the shift lever, FIG. 20 is a front view of the lever position detection unit, FIG. 21 is a longitudinal sectional side view of the same. 7... Threshing device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 In a combine equipped with a control mechanism that automatically controls the reaping traveling speed based on the detection result of the threshing device load so that the load of the threshing device 7 and the traveling speed have a preset inverse ratio relationship, the threshing device 7 A mechanism is provided to detect the non-operating state of the machine, and when a threshing stop is detected, a signal corresponding to a sufficiently high load is input to the automatic speed control mechanism to control the running of the machine to a low speed or stop. Features combine harvester.