JPS5845484B2 - Sliver of wool etc. - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] This invention relates to improvements in wool and other fibers.

General worsted yarn made from animal hair such as wool is Hue, +1)
It has a high elasticity, and products using it, such as knitted fabrics, may have problems with shrinkage during washing due to this felting property, and this is also one of the reasons why woolen fabrics are dry-cleaned.

Preshrunk processing is applied to prevent this felt,
Current anti-shrunk processing involves dissolving and removing a portion of the surface of wool fibers through chemical treatment, or applying resin treatment to reduce feltability.

However, this often adversely affects the texture, dyeability, durability, etc.

The present invention is capable of imparting shrink-proofing properties by improving the arrangement of the fibers constituting the yarn without using chemical treatments, and not only does it not suffer from the above-mentioned drawbacks, but also does not require the use of the current shrink-proofing process. The aim is to provide products that are superior in gloss, texture, and other aspects compared to ordinary worsted yarns and products.

Although the description will be made using wool as an example, the same applies to other general animal hairs.

Of course, this also covers materials prior to yarn.

The surface of the wool fibers is covered with fish scales, and if we call the tip side when it is generated on the rod body and the root side of the hair root, then when the wool is rubbed with a suitable substance such as metal, it will move in the tip direction. The coefficient of friction is different when friction is applied in the root direction and in the case of friction in the root direction, and the friction coefficient in the root direction is better.

This occurs because the scale has directionality, and is known as the directionality of the friction coefficient of wool.

In the general worsted manufacturing process, no attention is paid to the directionality of this scale, and even as a result of microscopic observation,
The orientation of the scales is almost completely mixed into a thread.

When compressive action is repeatedly applied to yarns, products, etc. that have mixed scale directions, especially when the fibers are wet and the difference in friction coefficient becomes large, such as during washing, the direction of the scales will change. Scattering occurs between different fibers, resulting in a felting phenomenon.

In the present invention, this degree of alignment is referred to as the uniformity of the fiber scale direction in the yarn axis direction.

), the aim is to obtain worsted yarns with shrink-proofing properties and other properties by making them into desired ones without leaving things to chance, and the fiber materials are made.

The degree of alignment is expressed as the number of fibers in which the tip comes first in a certain direction of the yarn axis, and the number of fibers in which the T1 root comes first as R, [÷Mo change - IX100%=degree of alignment.

For example, a yarn in which the scale direction of all scale fibers is aligned in one direction is expressed as a yarn with a degree of alignment of 100%, and a yarn in which the scale directions of all scale fibers are aligned in one direction is expressed as a yarn with a degree of alignment of 100%, and a yarn in which the scale directions of all scale fibers are aligned evenly in half is expressed as a yarn with a degree of alignment of 0%. .

Research results show that yarn with a degree of alignment of 100% exhibits the most significant effects such as shrink-proofing, but in reality, yarns with a degree of alignment of around 20% also exhibit shrink-proofing and other effects.

Good color, gloss, texture, and wrinkle resistance. Of course, non-felting fibers such as synthetic fibers, cotton, and cotton, whose friction coefficients have no directionality, can be blended with wool. In the following, we will explain the case of pure wool, but when manufacturing a blended yarn, it is necessary to mix the oriented sliver and the sliver of the fiber to be mixed in a conventional manner and rub it into yarn. Bye.

Next, a method for producing a worsted yarn with alignment will be described.

There are roughly two methods for this.

One method is to align the raw material wool so as not to disturb it, turn it into a sliver, and then spin it into yarn.

Another method is to separate the sliver, which currently has a degree of alignment of 0%, to create a sliver with alignment, which is then spun into yarn.

■ How to determine from the raw material fat wool The fat wool cut from the rod body is generally fleece-like and the scales are aligned in the same direction.

Also, even if it is not fleece-like but broken-like, wool 1
The direction of the scales in each cluster is the same.

(In the general manufacturing process of worsted yarn, the hair is almost completely mixed during the washing and curtaining processes, resulting in a loss of alignment.

The wool is divided into appropriate tufts from this fleece, and the tufts are stacked one on top of the other with the tip or root direction determined in one direction and shifted in the direction of the fibers to form a sliver.

This fat sliver is made of overlapping wool tufts and is easy to separate and fall apart, so it is wrapped in a net-like material, washed with the same washing liquid as in the general hair washing process, and dried. If you remove the net and get a sliver with 100% alignment, you can feed this into a gill machine to make a continuous sliver.

The above-mentioned net may be made of natural or synthetic fibers, etc., or may be made of a synthetic resin film with small holes, or any other net that supports the fibrous material to be washed and can be used for the washing and drying process. That's fine.

In addition, the size of the pores is approximately 3 to 61 rLr in the case of a film.
The mesh may be equivalent to the IL level.

The aligned slivers may then be subjected to combing and spinning processes in the same manner as in the conventional method.

Just make sure you don't set the machine in the wrong direction.

When making a continuous sliver, you can create a continuous sliver by forming the fat material sliver as described above on a wire-mesh-like conveyor that allows the circulation of washing liquid and air, and washing and drying it on this conveyor. This makes it easier to set up a gil machine.

According to the above method, yarn with 100% alignment can be obtained,
If you want to obtain a product with a low degree of alignment, you can mix a sliver with a degree of alignment of 100% when it is in the form of a sliver by reversing the scale direction by a predetermined amount, or use the conventional method with a degree of alignment of 0%. The sliver can be mixed in a predetermined amount or made into thread.

2 How to separate from the sliver In the current general sliver, the wool fibers are parallel to the sliver axis direction, but the directionality of the scale is 0%, so from now on, the scale will only be in one direction. The fibers are separated and extracted to form a sliver with 100% orientation.

If you align the fiber terminals at one end of the current general sliver in a straight line, hold this end with a nipper with a straight holding part like a document holder, and pull it out, it will align. Parallel fiber bundles with a degree of O% are obtained.

In this fiber bundle, the position of the end of the fiber is on a straight line with an error equal to the gripping margin in the gripped part, and the other end is on a straight line because the fiber length of the fibers that make up the sliver is uneven. (see FIG. 1) This operation is hereinafter referred to as the even-end operation.

The fiber bundle that has undergone this uniform end operation is sandwiched between suitable friction elements such as metal or resin near the uniform ends as shown in Figure 2, and the friction elements are reciprocated in the direction of the fiber axis. gives reciprocating force to.

As mentioned above, wool fibers have a directional coefficient of friction due to scale, so when a reciprocating action is applied along the fibers, the fibers move in the root direction.

Referring to Fig. 3, the fibers whose roots were at the even end will be pulled out from the friction element, centered on the original position where the even end operation was performed, and the fibers whose tips were coming out will be pulled out from the friction element. It draws in.

This reciprocating movement is stopped when the positions of the fiber terminals are properly separated.

Hereinafter, this action will be referred to as a moving action.

In the fiber bundle that has completed the moving operation, the fiber terminals on the uniform end side are separated into the fibers on the chip side and the fibers on the fiber root side, so first, only the fibers on the root side are extracted and stacked in a sliver shape.

Further, the remaining fiber bundle from which the root-side fibers have been removed is chip-side fibers, so these are also taken out and stacked separately in the form of a sliver.

Hereinafter, this will be referred to as separation operation.

By repeating the above operations, a sliver with 100% alignment can be obtained.

In the even-end operation, when gripping one end of the sliver and pulling out the bow, it is desirable that the gripping margin be narrower to make the next moving operation easier, since there will be less variation in the fiber ends, but if it is too narrow, the gripping margin of the fibers will not be complete. In reality, it is 0.1 to 1 because there is difficulty in
It is desirable to set it to about 0 mrn.

During the moving operation, the pressure of the friction element must be at a level that does not compress or damage the wool fibers, and the reciprocating motion of the friction element must be transmitted as frictional force. It may be about 1 to 1000 g per width 1α.

The outer thickness of the friction element in contact with the fiber bundle should be as wide as possible in order to transmit frictional force to the fibers, but if it is too wide, the fibers in the area sandwiched between the friction elements may tend to become entangled.
In practice, a degree of form between 0.1 and 10 is sufficient.

The reciprocating motion of the friction elements may be such that the friction elements are moved in mutually opposite directions or may be moved only in either the up or down direction.

As for the material of the friction element, since reciprocating motion is transmitted as a frictional action, it is preferable to use a material with a high coefficient of friction, but there is no particular restriction on the material, which may be metal, synthetic resin, rubber, leather, wood, or any other material.

There is no limit to the speed range of the reciprocating motion of the friction element, and it may be set as appropriate.

During the moving operation, the relative positions of special fibers in different directions of the fibers shift, so if there is a tendency for them to get entangled to some extent, remove the tangles by brushing along the fiber direction during the moving operation or after the moving operation is completed. This makes the separation operation easier.

The distance from the uniform end to the position where the friction element is applied should be such that the opening operation is performed on all fibers, taking into consideration the fiber length and its dispersion, and that the fibers do not come off from the friction element as a result of fiber movement. be placed in the position of

If the fibers come off the friction element, they will be pulled in the direction of the brush when brushing.

As mentioned earlier, the arrangement of the fiber terminals after the movement of the fiber terminals at the even end is uneven due to the gripping margin of the gripper and the receiving direction of the movement of each fiber. When the food is not clearly divided into two lines and is unbalanced, that is,
When the two groups cannot be completely separated, there are three groups: between root fibers, between root and chip mixed fibers, and between chip fibers.
Separate into persons.

When carrying out the separation operation, the fiber bundle after the movement operation is easily separated using a needle, an apron made of leather, rubber, synthetic resin, etc., with a draft control mechanism.

Nippers may be used to grasp and pull out the fibers, or a pair of rollers may be installed.

Although each operation has been described individually above, it is easy to process these operations continuously to obtain aligned slivers.

Example 1 Tufts of wool were separated from Merino 70"S fat wool fleece and arranged in a sliver shape with the scale direction aligned for about 20 minutes.
The sliver is made into a thickness of about 9/m", wrapped in a net, washed, dehydrated, dried, the net removed, and placed in a gill machine or comber machine to obtain a sliver with 100% alignment.

By using this sliver and mixing a predetermined amount with the scale directions opposite to each other, a sliver with a desired degree of alignment can be obtained when the sliver is loaded into a gill machine.

Using the slivers with the desired orientation, 2732'S stockinette yarns were produced by a conventional spinning process to produce plain knitted stockinette yarns (fabric weight approximately 230 g/m').

This flat knitted stockinette was washed at the same time at approximately 40°C and 0°C using a washing machine.
A washing test was carried out using 2% soap solution to measure the degree of shrinkage.

The results were as follows.

Since the fiber alignment was good, the appearance and feel were also excellent.

Wrinkles are less <<, and the strength is also good. Example 2 By the conventional method of separating aligned fibers from a sliver, an aligned sliver was obtained using a 64:8 merino top, and a sliver of 2740" with an alignment degree of 95% (actually measured using a microscope) was obtained.
2/2 twill weave (280 g/m")
) was obtained.

In this case, the warp yarns were all woven in the same scale direction, and each weft yarn was woven in such a way that the scale direction was opposite to the left and right.

For comparison, yarns of the same standard were made using conventional methods (orientation degree: 0%), and the shrink resistance was compared.

The shrinkage rate is the result of washing in a washing machine for 30 minutes at 40°C with 0.2% soap solution.

(The shrinkage rate is the shrinkage rate in the longitudinal direction.

) Because the fibers were well aligned, the fabric had excellent texture and texture on its surface.

Good wrinkle resistance and strength.

In conventional slivers, such as wool fibers, the slivers are arranged in parallel in one direction, but the fiber end scale direction is completely randomly arranged, and the fibers are sorted out according to the scale direction and separated into individual fibers. In order to do this, it is necessary to check the scale direction of each fiber and sort it, but this is not practical, so the following method is used to separate it from the sliver and obtain a oriented sliver. be able to.

A web with one end of the fibers aligned is made from a conventional sliver, and the position of the end of the fibers is adjusted in two directions depending on the scale direction.
Move them into groups and make each into a separate sliver.

When moving to this group, the fact that there is a difference in the coefficient of friction depending on the scale direction is used.

The structure of the machine that embodies this idea is such that it can perform operations such as aligning ends, moving, and separating, as shown in the figure.

The operation of each part will be explained below.

Even ends: The required number of conventional slivers are lined up in a plane and fed, the ends of the lined slivers are aligned in a straight line, one end of the sliver is gripped and pulled out using nippers with straight gripping parts, and placed on the conveyor. When the nipper is released, a web of parallel fibers with fiber ends on one side arranged in a straight line is obtained on the conveyor.

This web is conveyed to the next moving section by a conveyor.

Next, by bringing the nipper to one end of the sliver and repeating the same operation as before, a web with uniform ends can be obtained one after another.

The sliver is provided with a sliver feeding device equipped with a draft control device so that the sliver is fed each time by an amount corresponding to the gripping allowance of the nippers, and so that the fibers are not disturbed when being pulled out by the nippers.

Such a feeding device may be an apron or guilfora set, a porcupine type, or a comber feed comb type.

The type of conveyor does not matter as long as it can convey a flat web, but in order to make the action more effective when releasing the web from the nippers, a wire-mesh-like type is used to suck air from the back side and move the web onto the conveyor. Easy to load.

The transport direction of the web placed on the conveyor is the direction of the fiber axis from which the web was pulled out by the nippers, and the direction perpendicular to this direction.

It may be the direction of inclination, but the mechanism of the subsequent moving section and separation section will differ somewhat depending on this direction.

e) When transporting the nib in the same direction as the fiber axis, use the nipper
This is an intermittent operation in which one to several times of conveying one group of aligned webs and performing subsequent movement and separation operations.

Also, when conveying the web in a direction perpendicular to the fiber axis, intermittent operation is possible as described above, but if the nippers are operated while the conveyor is moving and the web is released at a fixed position, the edges will be aligned. Since an endless web is formed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the fibers, there is an advantage that the subsequent movement and separation operations can be performed continuously.

A pair of rollers may be used in place of the nippers, or the lower roller may also serve as a conveyor support for leather, etc., and the even-end web may be prepared and placed on the conveyor at the same time.

Moving part The position where one fiber end enters the web by an appropriate amount from the aligned end of the web is pressed from above and below with a friction element, and the friction element is moved back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the fiber direction, causing the fibers to friction. As it moves in the root direction in response to the force, the fibers with roots at the even ends protrude, and the fibers with tips retract, making them look like root fibers when viewed from the even ends. The fibers on the tip side are moved so as to be separated into two groups.

In the case of a web that is intermittently fed by a conveyor, the web is sandwiched between upper and lower friction elements having a width equal to or wider than the width of the web, and the friction elements are moved.

For webs that are conveyed endlessly in a direction perpendicular to the fiber direction of the web, the friction element may be made of a flexible material and can be used as a conveyor, and the friction element that moves reciprocatingly may be used as a conveyor. Only the upper side is used as a conveyor, and the lower side is also used as a conveyor, allowing movement without reciprocating movement.

When fibers become tangled due to the moving operation, a brush device is provided to brush the web during or after the moving operation to remove the tangles.

As described above, the reciprocating motion of the friction element may be achieved by moving both the upper and lower parts or only one of the upper and lower parts, but when making the friction element move up and down, the friction elements are moved in opposite directions.

The web whose fiber terminals on the uniform end side have been separated into two groups in the separating section moving section is brought to the separating section by a conveyor.

Here, the web is sequentially separated into a root direction fiber group and a tip direction fiber group by rollers or nippers under the control of a draft control device such as an apron or pin, and is separated from the uniform end side, and delivered to be taken out in the form of a sliver. -It comes out as a sliver when using the device.

If they are not clearly separated into two groups, they can be completely aligned by separating them into three groups: the root direction side fiber group, the mixed root and tip fiber group, and the tip side fiber group and making them into slivers. A product with 100% stability can be obtained.

Note that other separation methods may be used depending on the type, quality, target material, etc. of the raw wool.

When processing the web intermittently, even if you use nippers or rollers to separate the aligned fibers from the web, the fibers can only be taken out intermittently from web to web. It is best to make it into an endless sliver.

When the web is transported in a direction perpendicular to the fiber direction and treated as an endless web, the separation operation is also performed continuously by a pair of rollers to obtain an endless sliver.

An example of a specific mechanism having the above-mentioned functions will be shown below.

This example is an example in which the conveyance direction of the even-end web is perpendicular to the fiber axis of the web to continuously obtain aligned slivers.

In the figure, 1 is a uniform end, 2 is a moving part, and 3 is a separating part.

The appropriate amount of sliver (conventional sliver) 11 is arrow 1
It is supplied to a forer 12 which moves as shown in FIG. 4, and its tip is aligned in a straight line.

On the other hand, the nipper 13 moves back and forth as shown by the arrow 15, closes its mouth at the tip of the sliver 11, grips the sliver, and moves forward with the hand. 16 is pulled out, and when the web has lowered to a certain position, the nippers are opened and the web is dropped onto the conveyor 21 moving in the direction of the arrow.

By repeating this movement of the nipper 13, a continuous web 26 with aligned fiber ends is obtained on the conveyor 21.

As the web travels further on the conveyor, it is pinched by friction elements 22.

When the friction element 22 is moved in the fiber axis direction of the web as shown by the arrow 24 while pressing the web 28 against the conveyor 21 as shown by the arrow 24, the fibers in the web move in the root direction and the lines with even ends collapse. The width of the web increases as shown in the figure.

In this case, the lower friction element also serves as the conveyor 21, and only the upper friction element 22 makes reciprocating motion.

The brushes 23 move in the direction of arrow 25 to prevent the fibers in the web from becoming entangled during the moving motion.

After the moving operation, the web 26 continues to enter the separating section, where the draft is controlled by the upper and lower sides or the apron 3L32, and the web also serves as conveyance.

Delivery roller 33 installed in front of apron 31
As a result, only the fibers in the root direction are pulled out from the web 26 whose end is protruding from the apron 31 to obtain a sliver 35.

Subsequently, the apron 32 is lowered slightly rearward to pull out the fibers in the root direction, and the web, which is now only in the chip direction, is pulled out by a tear-off roller 34 to obtain a sliver 36.

Therefore, the degree of alignment of the sliver 35 and the sliver 36 is both 1.
00%, but the scale direction when it comes out of the delivery IJ roller is in the opposite direction.

As mentioned above, even after the moving part is moved, if the ends of the root direction fibers and the tip direction fibers are not clearly separated, and some overlap, the delivery of this separated part is carried out in two stages. The first stage pulls out only the root direction, the second stage pulls out the mixed part, and the third stage pulls out the mixed part.
Since it is only the chip direction in the stage, if you take it all out,
Slivers with a degree of alignment of 100% are obtained in the first stage and the third stage, respectively.

Further stages may be provided if desired. The fiber material according to the invention can be made of the above-mentioned worsted yarns, rovings,
Not only the sliver, but also its type, stage, form, etc.

Also, knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, and other textile products are made from yarn.

You can also make different threads and different fabrics.

As an example of a variable yarn, a core spun having an elastic strip such as rubber as the core and a core spun coated with the worsted fiber of the present invention can also be used.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the alignment of fibers in a sliver, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of reciprocating motion using the frictional action of the fibers, and FIG. This is a schematic diagram of a state in which a portion of the yarn has been moved and the root and tip have been separated, and a portion of the worsted yarn of the present invention is shown. FIG. 4 is a process route diagram, and FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the manufacturing apparatus.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 Wool or other animal hair fiber material having scale-like scales, where the tip side of the scale is the tip and the hair root side is the root, and the number of fibers with the tip coming first is T1 root first. A sliver of wool or the like whose scale direction is aligned, characterized in that the degree of alignment expressed by the following formula is 20% or more, where R is the number of fibers arranged in the same direction. T-R×10〇-alignment button T+R