JPS5832910B2 - Current collector slider - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a current collecting slide plate, and more particularly to a current collecting slide plate that is attached to a pantograph or the like of a train, makes sliding contact with a contact wire or overhead wire, and collects current from the contact wire or overhead wire. Regarding the board.

Various types of current collector sliders have been proposed and implemented in the past, but current collector sliders have well-balanced properties such as strength, conductivity, and melting point, as well as the ability to make sliding contact with the contact wire. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the contact wire itself from being worn out, but a slider plate that completely has all of these properties has not yet been proposed.

In other words, the current collector slider itself has high wear resistance;
In addition to having high impact resistance, it is also desirable to avoid abrasion of the contact wire of the mating material as much as possible.

For this reason, it is required that the contact plate be well-balanced in various properties such as strength, electrical conductivity, and melting point, and contact plates made of materials or composite materials that meet these requirements have been proposed. Since it is extremely difficult to balance the properties, a slider plate that is perfect in all respects has not yet been developed.

The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and specifically aims to achieve a balance in various properties such as strength, conductivity, melting point, etc.
To provide a current collecting slide plate which has excellent wear resistance and can minimize wear of a contact wire or the like of a mating member.

That is, the present invention has copper as the main component and 2 to 25 wt% of tin.
and 1-10 wt% nickel) I
It is characterized by containing carbon fibers dispersed in J-lux.

The present invention will be described below, focusing on the example shown in FIG.

First, FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the structure of a contact plate according to one embodiment of the present invention, in which the matrix metal 2 of the contact plate material 1 is mainly composed of copper and contains tin and nickel. The short fibers 3 of this Mar-IJ Lux metal carbon fiber are dispersed and composited.

It is sufficient that the carbon fibers 3 are well defibrated and dispersed in the form of short fibers in the matrix metal 2,
It is usually sufficient that the short carbon fibers 3 are dispersed in the matrix metal 2 in completely random directions.

When carbon fibers are dispersed in the matrix metal having the above composition, the coefficient of friction can be significantly reduced due to the excellent lubricating action of the carbon fibers themselves.

In order to improve the wear resistance of the slide plate itself, its multi-I
It is necessary to improve the strength of J-lac metal, and in the present invention, tin 2 to 25 wtφ gold is contained in a certain copper alloy as a matrix metal, and the strength is improved by alloying copper and tin. Measures to increase hardness.

For this purpose, at least 2 Wt % of tin is required, and if it is less than 2 wtφ, the strength required as a current collector slider plate cannot be secured.

However, when the tin content exceeds 25 W t 4, the strength decreases rapidly, and on the contrary, it is difficult to ensure the abrasion resistance required as a contact plate.

In addition, increasing tin content increases hardness and <L,2
If it exceeds 5 wtφ, the hardness becomes considerably large, causing wear of the contact wire that makes sliding contact at high speed, and also increases brittleness, so the upper limit of tin is set at 25 w$.

In addition to the behavior described above, tin exhibits the above behavior, and as the amount of tin increases, its melting point drops significantly, and unlike ordinary sliding materials, the melting point does not drop much in contact with contact wires at high speeds. This is undesirable; in other words, the contact wire, which has a low melting point, may be melted and damaged by the arc heat generated when the contact wire separates from the contact wire.
Less than is preferred.

Further, in addition to containing 2 to 25 wt% of nickel in the matrix metal, 1 to 10 wt% of nickel is also included to further improve wear resistance.

To explain in more detail, in the present invention, the wear resistance is improved by alloying copper and tin, but the performance as a contact plate cannot be fully exhibited.

For this reason, (ma) nickel was included in the IJ alloy to significantly improve the wear resistance.

This effect is due to the fact that unless nickel is contained in the matrix metal at least I W t %, wear resistance as a contact plate cannot be ensured, but if the nickel content is increased, the wear resistance dramatically improves, which is preferable. On the other hand, the electrical conductivity decreases significantly, so the upper limit of nickel was set at 10 wt%.

Furthermore, when carbon fibers are dispersed in the matrix metal having the above composition, the carbon fibers may be any type of carbon fibers that are generally referred to as carbonaceous fibers.

Further, during dispersion, it is preferable to disperse the fibers in the form of short fibers, usually having a length of about 0.2 to 10 microns and a diameter of about 3 to 20 microns.

Furthermore, carbon fibers do not necessarily have to be dispersed in the form of short fibers, but can also be dispersed in the form of long fibers, and in either case, the direction of the fiber axes is completely random, as shown in Figure 1. They can be arranged parallel or perpendicular to the sliding direction with the contact wire, and further,
They can also be arranged in a direction perpendicular to the sliding surface of the slide plate.

Further, carbon fibers can be dispersed and contained in the matrix metal at any ratio, but usually the volume ratio is 10 to 70, preferably 3.
Contain 0 to 60 volume φ.

When contained in this amount, properties such as strength and toughness as a contact plate can be sufficiently maintained.

In addition to tin and nickel, small amounts of graphite, carbon, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, and other solid lubricants, as well as oil, grease, and other liquid lubricants are added or impregnated into Maru-IJ Lux Metal. can be done.

When a solid lubricant or a liquid lubricant is added in this way, the sliding resistance as a slider plate is reduced, the ability to follow the contact wire is improved, and the wire loss rate can be reduced.

As the carbon and graphite used as the solid lubricant, for example, amorphous carbon, natural graphite, or powders thereof coated with a metal such as copper can be used.

In addition, the matrix metal may contain a substance that forms a solid solution with copper, the main component, or forms a compound with copper to improve strength and wear resistance. , phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, manganese, magnesium, etc. can be contained in small amounts.

Furthermore, substances that can be precipitated in steel to improve strength and wear resistance can be added, such as tungsten, iron, chromium, lead, molybdenum, etc., in small amounts.

In addition, when manufacturing the slider plate having the above structure, defibrated carbon fiber is blended with metal powder or alloy powder containing each of the above components, and this is pressure-molded and sintered using a powder metallurgy method. It is sufficient to manufacture the product through the following steps.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples.

Example 1 As 71-IJ Lux, copper powder with a particle size of 105 μm or less was used at a weight ratio of 95 to 75 μm, and tin powder with a particle size of 74 μm or less was used at a weight ratio of 5 μm.
The powder raw material ratio was changed to ~25%.

This mixed powder is placed in a mixer and mixed to be sufficiently uniform, then placed in a press mold and press-molded at a pressure of 3 tons/i.

This molding was then sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of SOO° C. for 1 hour to produce a product.

Table 1 shows the component ratio and physical properties of this sintered product.

It has been found that a sintered alloy based on copper exhibits good properties as a matrix metal by adding 20% more tin by weight.

Example 2 Next, among the component ratios of the matrix metal, tin powder was added at a weight ratio of 2.
It was fixed at 0f0, and the weight ratio of nickel powder with a particle size of 7 μm or less was changed to 0.3 and 5%, and the ratio was mixed with the remaining copper powder.

This mixed powder was placed in a mixer and thoroughly mixed to obtain a raw material powder.

Next, it is placed in a press mold and pressure-molded at a pressure of 3 tons/ffl.

Next, this molded body was placed in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 800'C, 1
It was integrated through a time-consuming sintering process.

Table 1 shows the components and physical properties of this sintered body.

As the results show, a blending ratio of around 5φ of nickel shows the best physical properties.

Example 3 As matrix metals, copper powder with a particle size of 105 μm or less was selected at a weight ratio of 75%, tin powder with a particle size of 74 μm or less at a weight ratio of 20%, and nickel powder with a particle size of 7 μm or less was selected at a weight ratio of 5f0. .

Next, the carbon fibers are divided into four stages of short fibers with a length of 0.2 to 10 mm and a diameter of about 3 to 20 μ, with a volume ratio of 15, 30, and 45.50%. The raw material powder was constructed using the residual volume ratio (φ).

This raw material powder was placed in a mixer, mixed thoroughly, and then filled into a press mold at a pressure of 0, 4 t On /C 11 ps, and a temperature of 70
The product was pressure-molded and sintered in a vacuum atmosphere at 0°C for 0.5 hours to obtain a contact plate product.

Table 2 and Figure 1 show the blending ratio of each component and the structure of the product.

Example 4 A test piece with dimensions 1010 x 25 x 90 was cut out from the slide plate material obtained in Example 3, and subjected to a current collecting and dynamic wear test.

Test conditions are pressing force 5kg, current AC (21V) 100
A and the shearing speed were set to 100Jan/H.

The contact line structure is such that a hard copper wire is used as the contact wire on the other side, and is wound around a diameter of 385 mm, and the contact movement width is 6 mπ.

In this case, the eccentricity was set to 10 mm, similar to the conditions of use of an actual pantograph on a train.

Among the test items, the friction coefficient was measured by torque fluctuation, and the temperature of the slide plate was measured using a thermocouple at a position 5 degrees below the sliding surface.

The amount of wear and wear dimensions were determined by removing the sample for each test and measuring the remaining amount using a balance and a micrometer.

Displayed as specific wear rate as a unit for comparing wear characteristics,
This unit is expressed as the wear volume mA per kg of load and per distance traveled.

The results of the abrasion test are shown in Table 2.

The weight composition of the metal matrix of the invention is Cu (75%
) -8n (20%) - Chilled with Ni (5%).

As is clear from this result, the wear resistance of the contact plate containing carbon fiber is better than that of sintered metal made by mixing ordinary metal powder and carbon powder, and under the conditions of this test, carbon fiber It has become clear that a volume ratio of 30% or more is effective.

As explained in detail above, the contact plate according to the present invention is made by dispersing carbon fibers in a matrix metal whose main component is copper, and in this matrix non-metal, there is a difference between the matrix metal and the matrix metal. Tin 2~25wt
% and 1 to 10 wt % of nickel.

Therefore, it has well-balanced properties such as strength, electrical conductivity, and melting point, and has excellent wear resistance, and furthermore, it hardly causes any wear on the contact wire, which is the mating material.

Therefore, with the slider plate according to the present invention, the number of maintenance and inspections of the slider itself and the contact wire can be significantly reduced.
It has excellent thermal stability, so even if there is a localized temperature rise on the sliding surface, it will not melt or damage, and its strength will not decrease.

Furthermore, sufficient strength can be maintained without causing damage, falling off, or cracking due to impact with the contact wire, allowing safe vehicle operation and increasing vehicle operating speed.

Furthermore, when a liquid or solid lubricant is blended into the matrix metal, the sliding resistance is further reduced, the ability to follow the contact wire is improved, and the wire loss rate is reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a part of the structure of a slider plate according to one embodiment of the present invention. Code 1: contact plate material, 2: matrix metal, 3: carbon fiber.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A current collecting contact plate characterized in that carbon fibers are dispersed and contained in a matrix metal mainly composed of copper and containing 2 to 25 wt % of tin and 1 to 10 wt % of nickel.