JPS5826950Y2 - tank - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a tank for storing powder, granular materials, liquid, gas, etc., and is most suitable for application to railway hopper cars.

Note that the tank in this text includes a hopper and other various storage containers.

In conventional railway hopper cars, the hoppers or tanks that store cement, heavy oil, gasoline, coal, etc. are designed and used as dedicated tanks or hoppers for one type and one type of material that can only accommodate one type of material. It's here.

Therefore, for example, when heavy oil was transported by rail from an oil base to a cement factory, in the past, tanks were filled with heavy oil, but when the cargo was unloaded to the destination and returned, the tank was left empty. There is.

For this reason, it is extremely uneconomical in terms of efficient vehicle operation and labor saving.

Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the inside of the tank body is divided into a plurality of storage chambers by a rubber diaphragm, and when feeding materials to a predetermined storage chamber among these storage chambers, Air is forced into the storage chamber, thereby expanding the rubber diaphragm between the predetermined storage chamber and the adjacent storage chamber toward the adjacent storage chamber, thereby expanding the volume of the predetermined storage chamber. A tank has been proposed (
(Japanese Patent Application No. 16181/1981).

By using such a tank, various combinations of cargo such as liquids that should not be mixed together, powders and powders, and granules and powders can be transported in one tank during the round trip. Therefore, transportation efficiency is improved.

However, in the tank configured as described above, since the rubber diaphragm is moved by pressurizing the inside of the storage chamber, there is a drawback that the loading port for the contents cannot be made very large.

This is a particular problem when loading materials such as powder such as cement or lime, because if the loading port is small, the loading process becomes troublesome and takes a long time. .

Theoretically, the above-mentioned problem can be solved to some extent by providing an opening/closing lid on the wide-open loading port.

However, in this case, since it is necessary to withstand pressurization, the larger the loading port is, the more the weight of the lid increases, and the problem arises that the airtight structure thereof becomes more complicated.

The present invention was developed in view of these problems, and aims to provide a tank whose loading port can be opened wide by configuring the diaphragm to be mechanically movable. It is.

Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a railway hopper car for loading lime and cement will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the hopper car according to this embodiment, the upper part of the hopper main body 1 is opened in a large rectangular shape over almost the entire length of the hopper.

Inside this rectangular upper opening 2, there is a
A diaphragm support member 3 extending over substantially the entire length of the hopper body 1 is arranged.

This support member is supported by its both ends fixed to the front and back end walls 4 and 5 of the hopper main body 10, respectively.

As clearly shown in FIG. 2, this support member 3 has a roughly horizontal cross section consisting of a nearly horizontal connecting portion 6 and a pair of approximately vertical side plate portions 7 and 8 provided on both side edges of this connecting portion 6. It is composed of a single character.

The connecting portion 6 of the support member 3 is provided with a loading port 9 for cement at its longitudinal center, and vent holes 10, 11 near both ends thereof.

A pair of inclined plates 12, 13 extending over the entire length of the support member 3 are provided on the upper part thereof and are hinged to the side plates 7, 8, respectively.

Under normal conditions, the free ends of these inclined plates 12 and 13 come into contact with each other to form an inverted V-shaped inclined surface, as shown by solid lines in FIG. Part 3
is almost completely covered by these inclined plates 12,13.

When loading cement into the hopper body 1,
As shown by the chain line in FIG. 2, the inclined plate 12.13 is opened to expose the loading port 9.

Incidentally, such inclined plates 12 and 13 are formed integrally with each other and have an inverted V-shaped cross section.
It may be detachably attached to.

Inside the hopper body 1, there is a hopper 2 extending over almost its entire length.
Rubber diaphragms 16 and 17 are arranged, and these rubber diaphragms 1
6.17 divides the inside of the hopper main body 1 into three storage chambers 18, 19.20 along its longitudinal direction.

These rubber diaphragms 16 and 17 are supported by their upper edges fixed to both side plate parts 7 and 8 of the support member 3, respectively.
The lower edges thereof are fixed to mounting plates 21 and 22 provided at the bottom of the hopper body 1, respectively.

Although not shown, both side edges of the rubber diaphragms 16 and 17 are hermetically fixed to protrusions provided on both end walls 4 and 5 of the hopper main body 1, respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, auxiliary rubber membranes 14.15 are provided at the lower ends of the rubber diaphragms 16 and 17.
17 are provided with bag-like parts 23 and 24, which are respectively glued and configured, and hinge plates 2 are attached to these bag-like parts 23 and 24, respectively.
5 and 26 are inserted.

As shown in FIG. 3, the rotating shafts 27 and 28 to which these hinge plates 25 and 26 are fixed are rotatably supported by both end walls 4 and 5 of the hopper body 1. It penetrates the wall 4 and extends to the outside of the hopper body 1.

Swing levers 29.30 are respectively fixed to these rotating shafts 27.28 extending outside, and these swing levers 29.30 connect intermediate portions to gears via connecting rods 31.32, respectively. Rotating lever 34 pivotally supported on the rotating shaft of 33
is connected to.

At this time, the connecting rods 31 and 32 are attached to both ends of the rotating lever 34, respectively.

Therefore, by rotating the rotating lever 34, the connecting rods 31 and 32
The rotating shafts 27 and 28 rotate in opposite directions.

A pinion 35 meshes with the gear 33, and a handle 36 is provided on the rotating shaft of the pinion 35.

By rotating this handle 36,
Pinion 35, gear 33, rotating lever 34, connecting rod 31
．． 32 and the rotating shaft 27 through the swing lever 29 and 30.
28 respectively, and the hinge plate 25 is rotated as shown in FIG.
, 26 to move the rubber diaphragm 16, 17.

Note that these rotating shafts 27 and 28 may be rotationally driven by a motor, an air cylinder, or the like.

As shown in FIG. 2, slopes 39 and 40 for discharging the coal are formed at the bottoms of the coal storage chambers 18 and 20, respectively, and the lower ends of the side walls 41 and 42 of the tank body 1 are also formed. Each section is provided with opening/closing lids 43 and 44 for discharging coal.

On the other hand, the bottom of the cement storage chamber 19 is connected to the tank body 1.
A recess 45 in the shape of a truncated quadrangular pyramid is provided along the longitudinal direction at the center of the lower part of the recess.

A cement discharge port 46 is provided at the lowest central portion of this truncated pyramid-shaped recess 45.

This recess 45 can be provided below the frame on which the hopper main body 1 is placed.

Although not shown in the drawings, the hopper car according to this embodiment uses a conventionally known air slide (air floating) method in order to efficiently discharge cement, and has a recess 45 in the shape of a truncated quadrangular pyramid. Cement is guided to the discharge port 46 by installing air slides on each of the four inclined surfaces.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 5, inside the cement storage chamber 19, a frame 4 assembled into a roughly triangular prism shape
9 is disposed above the recess 45.

Large gaps 51 are formed between each of the constituent members 50 constituting the frame 49, and as shown in FIG.
Cement can also be accommodated in the recess 45 through these gaps 51.

On the other hand, when storing coal, as shown in FIG. 2 (dashed lines) and FIG. These are in contact with each other, thereby forming inclined surfaces for discharging the coal.

Each component 50 constituting this frame 49 is placed in the sixth A to prevent cement from remaining on them when the cement is discharged.
As shown in the figure, it has an approximately inverted V-shaped cross section that opens downward.

Note that as such a component 50, a member having a rectangular cross section as shown in FIG. 6B, or a member having a circular cross section may be used.

By attaching such a frame 49, the hopper main body 1 is reinforced, so that at the bottom of the hopper main body 1,
It is also possible to provide a fairly large accommodation space such as the recess 45 in terms of strength.

Therefore, from the viewpoint of strength, it is particularly preferable to provide the frame 49 with a connecting member 50'' for reinforcing the hopper main body 1 in its width direction, as in this embodiment.

Next, a case will be described in which coal is loaded into the hopper car configured as described above.

In this case, first, the handle 36 provided on the outside of the end wall 4 of the hopper main body 1 is operated to move the rubber diaphragm 16, 17 inward as shown by the chain line in FIG.

As a result, as shown in the figure, the volumes of the coal storage chambers 18 and 20 are respectively expanded, and the volume of the cement storage chamber 19 is reduced.

At this time, the inclined plates 12, 13 disposed within the upper opening 2 are kept in a closed state as shown by solid lines in FIG.

In this state, coal is dropped into the upper opening 2 from above the hopper main body 1.

The coal is transported by inclined plates 12 and 13, as shown in Fig. 7.
They are distributed and accommodated in storage chambers 18,20.

If the rubber diaphragms 16.17 are moved in advance in this way before loading coal, it is possible to prevent the rubber diaphragms 16.17 from being rolled up by the loaded coal.

Therefore, coal can be accommodated in a sufficiently large volume within the hopper body 1.

Further, in this embodiment, since the rubber diaphragms 16 and 17 are moved mechanically, the coal loading port, that is, the upper opening 2 can be left wide open.

Therefore, the loading work is simplified and the working time is greatly shortened.

When unloading coal from the hopper main body 1, it is sufficient to open the opening/closing lid 43.44 provided on the side wall 41.42, as shown by chain lines in FIGS. 2 and 7.

For coal, the rubber diaphragms 16 and 17 are attached to the inclined member 50 of the frame 49.
' and is guided by the slope 39.40 provided at the bottom of the storage chamber 18.20, falls under its own weight, and is discharged from the open discharge port of the opening/closing lid 43.44. Ru.

For this reason, the inclination of each inclined surface is set in advance to an angle necessary for discharging the coal.

In this embodiment, since the hinge plates 25 and 26 are provided at the lower ends of the rubber diaphragms 16 and 17, that is, at the portions that contact the frame 49, a fairly large gap is formed in the frame 49. Even in such a case, it is advantageous that a flat inclined surface can be formed.

Next, the case of loading cement into this hopper car will be explained.

In this case, the handle 36 is first operated to move the rubber diaphragm 16,17 outward, as shown by the chain line in FIG. 2, thereby reducing the respective storage chambers 18,20 for the coal and cement Expand the storage chamber 19 for

Then, as shown by the chain lines in FIG.
is opened and cement is loaded from the exposed cement loading port 9.

As shown in FIG. 8, the loaded cement is also accommodated below the frame 49, that is, in the recess 45, through the gaps 51 formed between the constituent members 50 of the frame 49.

As described above, in this embodiment, since there is no cement space below the frame 49 as in the conventional cement, the cement can be accommodated in a considerably large accommodation space.

Therefore, if the loading capacity is the same, the vehicle size can be made more compact, thereby reducing the vehicle weight.

For example, 30 tons (30 tons of coal or cement)
), the conventional structure requires a total length of 13.5m, while the structure of this example requires a total length of 11m.
．． 0m is fine.

Furthermore, in the hopper car of this embodiment, cement is also accommodated in the recess 45 located below the underframe on which the hopper main body 1 is placed, so that the center of gravity of the hopper car is lowered and the movement of the hopper car is lowered. Another advantage is that stability is improved.

When discharging cement, the discharge port 46 provided at the bottom of the storage chamber 19 is opened.

The cement slides down the four inclined surfaces forming the truncated quadrangular pyramid-shaped recess 45 with the aid of the air slide method described above, and is guided to the discharge port 46.

In this case, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
Since the hinge plate 25.26 portion of the rubber diaphragm 16.17 effectively acts as an inclined surface, cement can be efficiently discharged.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to one embodiment, the above embodiment does not limit the present invention in any way, and various modifications can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention.

For example, the present invention can be applied not only to railway hopper cars but also to railway tank cars and other various storage containers.

Further, the number of storage chambers is not limited to three as in the above embodiment, and may be two or four or more.

Furthermore, the mounting structure between the hinge plates 25, 26 and the rubber diaphragm 16.17 can be changed in various ways, for example, the hinge plates 25.2
6 may be attached by gluing to the rubber diaphragm 16,17.

In this case, it is advantageous for the protection of the diaphragm 16.17 to adhere the hinge plate 25.26 to the side of the diaphragm 16.17 that is more likely to be damaged by the impact during loading.

Further, instead of the hinge plates 25 and 26, for example, a comb-like member or a rectangular frame may be used.

Furthermore, it is also possible to construct the rubber diaphragms 16, 17 integrally, with the main body portion made of soft rubber and the portion corresponding to the hinge plate 25, 26 made of hard rubber.

It should be noted that it is advantageous to use the rubber diaphragm 16.17 as in the above embodiment as the movable diaphragm in the present invention because the rubber diaphragm 16.17 expands due to the weight of the stored items, increasing its storage capacity. Depending on the case, a vinyl sheet or cloth with relatively low elasticity may also be used.

As explained above, in this invention, the movable diaphragm that divides the inside of the tank body into a plurality of storage chambers is configured to be mechanically moved, so each storage chamber can be kept airtight, unlike conventional systems. No need for structure.

Therefore, the loading door for the stored items can be opened wide, making the loading operation easier and reducing the time required for the loading operation.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a railway hopper car for loading coal and cement. Figure 1 is a sectional view along the longitudinal direction of the hopper car, and Figure 2 is the same as the above. 3 is a partial schematic perspective view showing the diaphragm moving mechanism, FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged sectional view showing the diaphragm mounting structure, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the frame structure. Figure 6A is a sectional view taken along the line ■I-■I in Figure 5, Figure 6B is a sectional view similar to Figure 6A showing a modification of the frame, and Figure 7 is a hopper car loaded with coal. Fig. 8 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 2 showing the state, and Fig. 8 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 7 showing the state in which cement is loaded. In addition, in the symbols used in the drawings, 16.17...
・Rubber diaphragm, 18, 19.20... Containment chamber, 2
5, 26... Hinge plate, 27.28...
・It is a rotation axis.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] When the inside of the tank body is divided into a plurality of storage chambers by a movable diaphragm and the stored material is supplied to a predetermined storage chamber among these storage chambers, the space between the predetermined storage chamber and the adjacent storage chamber is In the tank configured to expand the volume of the predetermined storage chamber by moving the movable diaphragm toward the adjacent storage chamber, a rotating shaft extending to the outside of the tank body is aligned along the fixed end of the movable diaphragm. In addition to providing
A portion of the movable diaphragm near the fixed end where the rotating shaft is provided is related to the rotating shaft, and by rotating the rotating shaft from outside the tank body, the portion near the fixed end of the movable diaphragm is rotated. A tank characterized in that the movable diaphragm is moved by rotating around an axis.