JPS5816185A - Device for transmitting heat through hollow fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

1. An apparatus in which heat is transmitted from a first liquid to a second liquid through the walls of hollow filaments and in which the hollow filaments open into distributing or collecting pipes, which have connecting parts for the supply or discharge of the fluid and to which the end sections of the hollow filaments are connected in a fluid-tight manner outwards by means of a packing composition, characterised in that the hollow filaments are supported by a support frame (2, 3, 6), which is at least partially formed by the distributing or collecting pipes (2; 3), that at least a part of the hollow filaments (1) is curved or bent once continuously or discontinuously, that the hollow filaments (1) are arranged in at most two layers, that in the two-layer arrangement of the hollow filaments (1), the hollow filaments (1) of the first layer cross the hollow filaments (1) of the second layer and contact the crossing hollow filaments (1) at the crossing points, that the hollow filaments (1) of each layer are supported by support rods (7), which cross the hollow filaments (1) and which are tightly connected to the support frame (2, 3, 6) and the hollow filaments (1) at the contact points thereof, that the hollow filament (1) of each layer are arranged at a spacing from each other and that the maximum excursion of each curved or bent hollow filament (1) is a twentieth (1/20) to a fifth (1/5) of the distance between the two ends thereof and that the hollow filaments lie in a spatially curved or arched surface.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for transferring heat from a first fluid to a second fluid through the walls of hollow fibers.

hollow fibers are provided on two sides, the hollow fibers on each side are provided at the same distance from each other and extend parallel to each other;
It is constructed in the form of a free line and the hollow fibers open into a common distribution or collection pipe, the limbs have connections for fluid supply or discharge and are constructed as a support frame. Heat exchangers of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph are known, in which the hollow fibers can be connected in a fluid-tight manner with the end sections of the tubes by means of a joining material. In this known heat exchanger, the hollow threads on both sides are arranged at right angles to each other and meet at their intersection points. Furthermore, this known heat exchanger includes support rods for the hollow fibers which are arranged at a distance from one another and which extend at right angles to the hollow fibers to be supported and which are fixedly connected to the hollow fibers at the intersection points. has. The support rod then has a larger diameter than the hollow fiber.

This known heat exchanger has been found to be quite particularly effective for heat transfer between a gaseous medium, such as air, flowing around the hollow fibers, and a liquid medium, such as water, flowing in the hollow fibers. did. In this case, the best results are preferably achieved if: 1. the gaseous medium flows around the hollow fiber perpendicularly to its sleeve, ie transversely; On the other hand,
When using this known heat exchanger outdoors, problems often arise due to the high wind speeds that occur, especially caused by gusts of wind. Optimum heat transfer could only be achieved if the known heat exchanger was installed in accordance with the respective, possibly constantly changing, wind direction.

The invention is therefore based on the problem of disclosing a device of the type mentioned at the outset, which is also suitable for high wind speeds and ensures an approximately uniform heat transfer even when the wind direction changes.

This problem is solved by the fact that the hollow fiber opens into a distribution pipe or a collection pipe, and the limb has a connection for fluid supply or fluid discharge and is attached to a supporting frame.
At least part of the system is continuously curved or bent.

The problem is solved by a device that is provided in the form of Thus, the hollow fibers can, for example, be constructed in the shape of a circular arc, bent once or several times, run in a zigzag manner or the like. It is important that at least some, preferably all, of the hollow fibers do not run in a straight line, but that they run with at least one change of direction.

Assuming that both ends of each hollow fiber of the device according to the present invention configured as described above are connected by a straight line segment (chord), and the maximum distance from this connecting straight line (chord) to the hollow fiber is defined as the maximum deviation distance. , the maximum deflection distance of the hollow fibers of the device according to the invention is equal to the distance between the ends of each hollow fiber and the length of the connecting straight line (chord). ~, especially about i. Particularly good results are obtained when .

The number of hollow fibers in the thread groups forming the heat transfer surface of the device according to the invention can be selected arbitrarily, with the hollow fibers in each thread group having the same or similar shape, if desired. Generally, although not necessarily, the hollow fibers have the same or similar shape and are arranged not in one plane, but in a spatially arched blood, thus e.g. the surface of a hemispherical cap, Particularly good results are obtained when the part has the shape of a cylindrical side, a roof, a dome, an accordion, a pyramid, a trapezoid, etc.

In one embodiment of the invention, the hollow fibers can be arranged in several clusters one above the other, each cluster consisting in particular of one or two hollow fiber layers. In this case, it is advantageous if the hollow fibers of a layer are arranged with equal spacing from each other, but they may also spread out in a fan-shaped manner. The number of hollow fibers may vary from layer to layer. In order that the most advantageous embodiment of such a hollow fiber layer is always obtained, the arrangement of the hollow fibers of such a hollow fiber layer in all cases can also be expressed as the hollow fibers being arranged broadly in parallel. do it like this. In the case of two hollow fiber layers per hollow fiber layer, the hollow fibers of the first layer intersect with the hollow fibers of the second layer, and these are in contact at the intersection points. In the case of several hollow fiber layers, it is advantageous to arrange them with a sufficient distance between them, which can be determined by simple experimentation.

In this case, each hollow fiber layer or hollow fiber layer preferably has its own distribution or collection pipe for fluid supply or fluid discharge, which is optionally designed as a supporting frame, and these are common. Connected to inflow or outflow conduits. Particularly advantageously, hollow fiber layers or hollow fiber layers of this kind constructed according to the invention, including their distribution pipes and collection pipes, can be constructed as modular units, with any number of modular units one above the other or one above the other. Can be arranged in parallel.

In this case, it is particularly advantageous if the common inflow and outflow conduits are constituted by mutually cooperating pipe pieces or connections in the form of bayonet connections arranged in the distribution or collection pipes. .

This plug-in connection can be designed to be removable and self-sealing, or it can also be connected non-removably or liquid-tightly to the outside after the module units have been joined by welding, gluing, etc. The stacked embodiment of the device according to the invention thus formed has a square, rectangular, hexagonal, circular or any other shaped cross-section or the bottom surface, viewed in plan, corresponds exactly to said shape. .

In this case, the hollow fiber layers or hollow fiber layers may be connected in series individually or in groups, and a mixed form is also possible. For example, the hollow fiber layers of each hollow fiber layer may be connected in parallel, but the hollow fiber layers may be connected in series. The layers are connected in series.

The hollow fiber layers or hollow fiber layers arranged one above the other or in parallel can be curved in the same direction, but can also be curved alternately in opposite directions, for example in mirror images. Two oppositely curved hollow fiber layers or hollow fiber layers, the ends of which are located in one blood vessel, may form the shape of, for example, a cushion, a lens, a cylinder, a sphere, etc. in a bottom-overlapping arrangement.

Due to the advantageous shape and arrangement of the hollow fiber layers or between the hollow fibers constituting the device according to the invention, which can be readily determined by simple experiments, the draft and noise generated when flowing around the hollow fibers can be kept low. Therefore, a device according to the invention is obtained which does not spoil the environment with less noise.

The formation of hollow fiber layers or between hollow fibers is achieved by correspondingly forming distribution or collection tubes and/or support rods which also provide great dimensional stability to the hollow fiber groups. Advantageously, these support rods are arranged in such a way that they cross at least one of the hollow fiber layers and are firmly connected to the hollow fibers at their contact points by welding, gluing or the like. It is advantageous if the supporting rods have a larger diameter than the hollow fibers and are arranged at a greater distance from each other than the hollow fibers.

The end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the distribution or collection tube. The supporting rod can already be preformed before installation or can be a correspondingly long rod stretched in the form of an arc when installed, for example, between two distribution or collection pipes.

When producing the device according to the invention, preferred methods for heat transfer (11) may be produced by dry or wet spinning methods or extrusion methods. In the present invention, the term hollow fiber includes so-called hollow fibers, thin tubes, thin-walled tubes, capillaries, small tubes, plastic tubes and the like. Although the embodiment of the device according to the invention with non-metallic hollow fibers is generally preferred, the invention can also be readily applied to devices with corresponding metallic tubules.

The cross-sectional shape of the hollow fibers used may be arbitrary, and there are upper and lower limits to the cross-sectional size of the hollow fibers and their wall thickness.

Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape, wall thickness and cross-sectional size of the hollow fibers may vary along the length of the hollow fibers. For example, hollow fibers of circular cross section may have an outer diameter of 800 μm to 5 mm and more. For example, the wall thickness of the hollow fibers may be between 30 and 200 μm.

In particular, in manufacturing the device according to the invention, the range 15 to
Hollow fibers with heat transfer coefficients of 200 W/m2K and above have proven to be particularly advantageous (12), optionally with improved heat transfer by the introduction of finely divided or powdered metals, graphite, etc. Hollow fibers with conductive properties can also be used. The hollow fibers may optionally or additionally contain fillers, adducts, stabilizers, carbon black, hues, etc. The range of use of the device according to the invention can be further expanded by using porous or microporous hollow fibers.

To join the ends of the hollow fibers, conventional adhesives, hardening sealing compounds, casting resins, special cements, etc. can be used, and the hollow fibers can be superficially bonded immediately after first contact with the hollow fibers. Bonding materials that are lightly etched or melted can also be used. The joining of hollow fibers or their end sections is well known and need not be described in detail.

The size of the device according to the invention is not limited within the range of conventional dimensions.

It has become clear that when hollow fibers are provided at narrow intervals, the flow resistance of the fluid flowing around the hollow fibers increases, resulting in a decrease in heat transfer efficiency. Very large spacings between the hollow fibers lead to unnecessarily large dimensions of the device according to the invention. Therefore, for a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the average spacing between two adjacent hollow fibers is from 1.7 to 10 times, in particular from 2.5 to 3.6 times, their diameter. It is suggested that you choose as follows. In this case, it is advantageous if the inner distance between two adjacent hollow fibers is between 0.5 and 15 mm, in particular between 1 and 10 mm.

The dimensions of a distribution or collection tube are determined by the number and size of the hollow fibers protruding from or opening into the tube, and by the total amount of fluid flowing through the hollow fibers. This is because unnecessarily high pressure losses in the distribution and collection pipes are undesirable. Furthermore,
The dimensions of the distribution and collection pipes are determined by their simultaneous use as a support frame and whether they give the device according to the invention a stability commensurate with the demands due, or whether stability can be achieved by other structural measures and Depends on what is provided by the device.

Therefore, depending on the requirements for the distribution or collection pipe, it is also possible to provide it with reinforcing lips, for example, extending in its longitudinal direction. The same result can also be achieved by providing the tube with a shape that is advantageous in terms of ambient flow technology or by covering it accordingly.

Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, the hollow fibers can also be suspended in the form of loose tubes as a group of threads between the distribution pipe and the collection pipe, but in this case also the hollow fibers may be In contrast, transverse rods can also be provided, which are fixedly connected to the hollow fibers at the points of intersection.

In addition to hollow fiber layers formed from a single hollow fiber layer, suitable hollow fiber layers can also be formed from hollow fiber fabrics. It is also possible to use a hollow fiber mat in which the intervals between the hollow fibers are fixed by woven threads, adhesive strips, or the like.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In FIG. 1a, the hollow fibers 1 are formed in a zigzag shape, but are arranged in one plane. It opens into the middle tube 2 and into the collecting tube 3 which has a connection 5 for fluid discharge. A distribution tube 2 and a collection tube 3 are fixedly connected by a support 6 to form a support frame for a group of fibers from the hollow fibers 1 having a zigzag configuration. Furthermore, FIG. 1a shows a support rod 7 which extends transversely to the hollow fiber 1 and is fixedly connected to the hollow fiber 1 and to the strut 6 at an intersection point. The support rod 7 intersects the hollow fibers each time at a position where the hollow fiber 1 is bent, that is, at a position where it changes direction and extends further. Within the scope of the invention, the hollow fiber 1 shown in FIG. 1a can also be represented as being bent several times.

The embodiment of the device according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 1b differs fundamentally from FIG. 1a in that the hollow fibers are constructed in a corrugated manner, that is, they are curved several times in succession.

In the embodiment of the device according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 2, the hollow fiber layers formed from two intersecting layers of 10 hollow fibers are constructed in the form of cylindrical lateral sections. In this case, both hollow fiber layers are connected in parallel, and the distribution tube 2 together with the collection tube 3 forms a support frame which ensures the hollow fiber layer of the above-mentioned shape. Each of the connections 4.5 for supplying or discharging fluid is oriented in the vertical direction, so that several embodiments of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 can be stacked one above the other, in which case After assembly, the connection 4 for fluid supply forms a common inflow conduit and the connection 5 for fluid discharge forms a common outflow conduit. Tubes 2 and 3 are at position 10
and 11 are mutually sealed.

FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of the connection 4 or 5 which is shown schematically in FIG. It is clearly shown how the connections 4 or 5 are joined together when stacking several embodiments of the device according to the invention one above the other, such as is illustrated in FIG. 2, for example. Connection part 4a after splicing
and 4b can be fixedly connected by adhesive or welding. The same applies to a correspondingly designed connection for fluid discharge (not shown). As illustrated in Figure 3,
Instead of the embodiments of the mutually cooperating connections 4a and 4b, commercially available simple removable or non-removable tube pieces can also be used for the purpose described here, for example so-called quick unions. It is a joint.

In the embodiment of the device according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 4, the numbering of all parts corresponds to the part numbers given in FIGS. 1a to 3. FIG. 4 is obtained, for example, when viewing the embodiment of the device according to the invention of FIG. 2 from above. However, only the connection 4 for fluid supply and the connection 5 for fluid discharge are provided in a slightly modified form in the embodiment shown in FIG.

In the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 5, the hollow fiber 1 is bent twice, this bend being formed by support rods 7 arranged in corresponding positions.

In this case, the hollow fiber layers arranged above and below are bent in the same direction, and each hollow fiber layer has the shape of a part of the mantle of a polyhedron having a polygonal cross section, that is, a spatially curved surface in the spirit of the present invention. have Other members shown in this figure are the same as those described in previous figures.

In FIG. 6, the hollow fibers of each hollow fiber layer are each folded 11 times by one support rod 7, and the hollow fibers of each hollow fiber layer are bent mirror-imagely with respect to the adjacent hollow fiber layer.

Each of the two hollow fiber layers opens into a common distribution pipe 2 or collection pipe 3. The hollow fiber layer shown in No. 6 can also be expressed as roof-shaped.

The hollow fiber layers/hollow fiber layers in FIG. 7 are also folded once, i.e. configured in the form of a roof; in this embodiment the hollow fiber layers/layers are bent in opposite directions, but not mirror-imagewise. ing. For example, this embodiment of the device according to the invention is very suitable for outdoor use. This is because essentially the same heat transfer efficiency is achieved even if the wind direction changes. It is clear that several devices of the invention according to the embodiments of the figure can be arranged one above the other, and a correspondingly designed plug-in connection system can also be used in this case.

Furthermore, it is clear that by changing the maximum deflection distance of the hollow fibers as already defined, the ``gable roof angle'' of the hollow fiber group of the υ roof-shaped structure can be easily changed and adapted to the requirements. be.

In the embodiment of FIG. 8, several hollow fiber layers/hollow fiber layers 1 which are continuously curved in the same direction are arranged one above the other. The respective hollow fiber bed/hollow fiber bed 10 distribution pipe 2 and collection pipe 3 are connected to a common inflow conduit 8 or outflow conduit 9.

In this case too, a bayonet connection can be used as already described in FIGS. 2 and 6.

In view of the above description of the drawings, no detailed explanation is necessary with respect to FIGS. 9 to 15 or 18, in which all parts have the same position numbers corresponding to the parts according to the previous drawings. However, although the embodiments of the device according to the invention according to FIGS. 9, 12, 14 and 15 are particularly suitable when the wind direction changes, and this applies to all the embodiments described, Multiple embodiments of the device can be stacked one above the other or arranged in parallel.

In the embodiment of FIG. 16, a total of three exchange units are connected in series, and the hollow fiber layers of each unit may be connected in parallel as illustrated in FIG.

In FIG. 17, the exchange units constructed according to the present invention are connected in parallel; in this case, too, the individual hollow fiber layers of each exchange unit may be connected in parallel as in the case of FIG. It may be straight or in series.

In FIGS. 7, 10, and 11 to 15, only the hollow fiber 1, the hollow fiber layer, or the hollow fiber layer is illustrated in the respective embodiments for the sake of simplification, and the device according to the invention is illustrated in actual operation. Other parts as necessary (2, 3, 4, 5 and optionally 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6, 7, 8, 9.1
0 and 11; shown in other drawings and already described) have been omitted.

In the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 19, six hollow fiber layers, each consisting of two hollow fiber layers or hollow fiber layers, which are configured to curve in opposite directions and mirror image to each other, are common. They are arranged in a star shape around the collecting tube 3.

For example, two such hollow fiber layers are illustrated in FIG. 16, but in that case arranged one above the other. The hollow fiber layers of each set open into a common distribution W2. All distribution pipes 2 are interconnected by a common inlet conduit 8 into which fluid can enter via connection 4 . This embodiment is particularly suitable for changing flow/wind directions.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1a is a plan view of a device according to the invention with hollow fibers of zigzag structure, FIG. 1b is a plan view of a device according to the invention with hollow fibers of corrugated structure, and FIG. FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the plug-in connection of FIG. 2; FIG. Plan view,
5 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention, and FIG. 6 is an embodiment of the device according to the invention with hollow fibers bent in mirror image, ie in opposite directions, and arranged one above the other. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention with hollow fibers arranged one above the other, mirror images but bent in opposite directions, FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention in which several hollow fiber layers curved in the same direction are arranged one above the other; FIG. 9 is a cylindrical embodiment of the device according to the invention; FIG. , FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in the form of an accordion wall, and FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in the form of an accordion wall, and FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in the form of an accordion wall, and FIG. An embodiment of the device according to the invention, FIG. 12, and an embodiment of the device according to the invention, FIG. 16, in which several hollow fiber layers, which are not mirror images but curve in opposite directions, are arranged one above the other. FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in which several hollow fiber layers mirror-imagely curved in opposite directions are arranged one above the other; FIG. An embodiment of the device according to the invention, number 15, in which several hollow fiber layers are arranged one above the other
The figure shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in which two mirror-curved bowl-shaped hollow fiber layers are arranged one above the other, and FIG. 16 schematically shows a series-connected hollow fiber layer. 17 is a schematic representation of hollow fiber layers connected in parallel, and FIG. 18 is an embodiment of the device according to the invention in which loop-shaped hollow fibers are suspended between a distribution pipe and a collection pipe. FIG. 19 is a plan view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Hollow fiber, 2... Distribution tube, 3... Collection tube, 4°4a, 4b, 5.5a, 5b-connection part, 6... Support column,
7... Support rod, 8, 9... Inflow or outflow conduit,
10.11... Sealed area 6th section ε Figure Otsu 1 -428= East: 15゛ζ -429=

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Heat is transferred from the first fluid to the second fluid through the wall of the hollow fiber, the hollow fiber opens into a distribution pipe or a collection pipe, and the limb pipe is configured as a support frame. In a device for heat transfer through a hollow fiber, the hollow fiber has a connection for fluid supply or fluid discharge that may A device for transferring heat through a hollow fiber, characterized in that at least a portion of (1) is continuously curved or bent at least once. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow fibers (1) are arranged in a single plane and are spatially curved or curved. 106. The device according to claim 105 or 2, wherein the maximum deflection distance of each curved or bent hollow fiber (1) is between 2 and 2 years of the distance between the two ends of the hollow fiber. 4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the major deflection distance is a measure of the spacing between the ends of each hollow fiber (1). 5. A patent in which hollow fibers are arranged one above the other in several clusters, each hollow fiber layer being composed of one or two hollow fiber layers, and the hollow fiber layers are arranged at intervals from each other. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6 Each hollow fiber layer consists of two hollow fiber layers, and in each hollow fiber layer, the hollow fibers (1) of the first layer intersect with the hollow fibers (1) of the second layer, and the hollow fibers (1) of the second layer intersect with each other. That hollow fiber (1
6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the two portions (2) meet at an intersection point. 7. Patents in which each hollow fiber layer or hollow fiber layer has its own distribution or collection tube for fluid supply or fluid discharge, which tubes are connected to a common inflow or outflow conduit. An apparatus according to claim 5 or 6. 8. The device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the hollow fiber layers or hollow fiber layers are sequentially curved in opposite directions. 9. The hollow fiber layer or hollow fiber layers are supported by correspondingly shaped support rods (7) intersecting the hollow fibers (g) of at least one layer of each hollow fiber layer and the hollow fibers (1) 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the support rod (7) is fixedly connected to the support rod (7) at their contact points. 10. Claims 1 to 9, wherein the average spacing between two adjacent hollow fibers (1) is 1.7 to 10 times the diameter thereof.
Apparatus according to any one of paragraphs. 11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the average spacing between two adjacent hollow fibers (1) is between 2.5 and 6 times their diameter. 12. Inner distance between two adjacent hollow fibers (1). 12. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, having a diameter of 5 to 15 mm. 16. The inner distance between two adjacent hollow fibers (1) is 1~
13. The device of claim 12, which is 10 mm. 14 The hollow fibers (1) are suspended in a loop as a group of fibers between the distribution tube and the collection tube (2, 3). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a spacing support (7) is arranged which extends transversely to ). 15. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the hollow fiber (1) is porous or microporous.