JPS5811495B2 - スイヨウエキカラキンゾクオカイシユウスルホウホウ - Google Patents
スイヨウエキカラキンゾクオカイシユウスルホウホウInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5811495B2 JPS5811495B2 JP50043441A JP4344175A JPS5811495B2 JP S5811495 B2 JPS5811495 B2 JP S5811495B2 JP 50043441 A JP50043441 A JP 50043441A JP 4344175 A JP4344175 A JP 4344175A JP S5811495 B2 JPS5811495 B2 JP S5811495B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- resin
- metal
- ammonia
- stripping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 185
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 159
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 92
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 67
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 16
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010021036 Hyponatraemia Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 115
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 50
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910017903 NH3F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007630 basic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
- Y10S423/09—Reaction techniques
- Y10S423/14—Ion exchange; chelation or liquid/liquid ion extraction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA197,458A CA1018363A (en) | 1974-04-11 | 1974-04-11 | Process for recovering metals from metal ammine bearing ammonium salt solutions using ion exchange resin |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS50148223A JPS50148223A (enExample) | 1975-11-27 |
| JPS5811495B2 true JPS5811495B2 (ja) | 1983-03-03 |
Family
ID=4099701
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP50043441A Expired JPS5811495B2 (ja) | 1974-04-11 | 1975-04-11 | スイヨウエキカラキンゾクオカイシユウスルホウホウ |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3998627A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS5811495B2 (enExample) |
| BE (1) | BE827642A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1018363A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2515601A1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES436540A1 (enExample) |
| FI (1) | FI66651C (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2267381B1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1497352A (enExample) |
| IE (1) | IE40898B1 (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT1037272B (enExample) |
| MW (1) | MW1975A1 (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL7504239A (enExample) |
| OA (1) | OA04982A (enExample) |
| PH (1) | PH13668A (enExample) |
| SE (1) | SE401616B (enExample) |
| YU (1) | YU89175A (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA752098B (enExample) |
| ZM (1) | ZM4475A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4076618A (en) * | 1976-07-09 | 1978-02-28 | Photocircuits Division Of Kollmorgen Corporation | Treatment of liquids containing complexed heavy metals and complexing agents |
| JPS5319128A (en) * | 1976-08-06 | 1978-02-22 | Baba Risaachi Inst Kk | Method of separating both metal constituents from ammoniacal complex ionized solution of nickel and cobalt |
| US4042665A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1977-08-16 | Falconbridge Nickel Mines Limited | Cobalt ion exchange process |
| US4371506A (en) * | 1981-06-18 | 1983-02-01 | Himsley Engineering Limited | Ammoniacal elution of copper from ion exchange resins |
| AUPR917701A0 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2001-12-20 | QNI Technology Limited | Integrated ammoniacal solvent extraction and hydrogen reduction of nickel |
| CN113151680B (zh) * | 2021-02-08 | 2023-06-16 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 一种废旧锂电池回收再利用的方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2734821A (en) * | 1956-02-14 | Table ix | ||
| US2660558A (en) * | 1949-01-15 | 1953-11-24 | Ionics | Method for the purification of water by ion exchange |
| US2822263A (en) * | 1954-09-01 | 1958-02-04 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | Method of extracting copper values from copper bearing mineral sulphides |
| US2848322A (en) * | 1955-07-13 | 1958-08-19 | Merck & Co Inc | Separation of cobalt from nickel |
| US2831763A (en) * | 1956-07-17 | 1958-04-22 | Chemical Construction Corp | Method of recovering metal by using ion exchange and autoclave reduction |
| US3003866A (en) * | 1958-06-18 | 1961-10-10 | Dow Chemical Co | Selective elution of copper, nickel, and cobalt from aminocarboxylic acid chelate exchange resins |
| US3235377A (en) * | 1962-11-23 | 1966-02-15 | Union Carbide Corp | Use of an anion exchange resin to absorb cobalt from a solution containing cobalt and nickel |
| DE1442942A1 (de) * | 1964-02-10 | 1968-12-19 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Verfahren zur Durchfuehrung der bei Ionenaustauschreaktionen erforderlichen Verfahrensschritte und zur Verhinderung von schaedlicher Vermischung |
-
1974
- 1974-04-11 CA CA197,458A patent/CA1018363A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-06-06 US US05/476,959 patent/US3998627A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-04-02 IE IE720/75A patent/IE40898B1/xx unknown
- 1975-04-03 ZA ZA00752098A patent/ZA752098B/xx unknown
- 1975-04-07 PH PH17026A patent/PH13668A/en unknown
- 1975-04-07 BE BE155159A patent/BE827642A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-04-08 YU YU00891/75A patent/YU89175A/xx unknown
- 1975-04-09 NL NL7504239A patent/NL7504239A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-04-10 SE SE7504154A patent/SE401616B/xx unknown
- 1975-04-10 FI FI751078A patent/FI66651C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-04-10 FR FR7511271A patent/FR2267381B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-04-10 DE DE19752515601 patent/DE2515601A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1975-04-11 OA OA55476A patent/OA04982A/xx unknown
- 1975-04-11 ES ES436540A patent/ES436540A1/es not_active Expired
- 1975-04-11 ZM ZM44/75A patent/ZM4475A1/xx unknown
- 1975-04-11 JP JP50043441A patent/JPS5811495B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1975-04-11 GB GB14903/75A patent/GB1497352A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-04-14 IT IT22298/75A patent/IT1037272B/it active
- 1975-04-18 MW MW19/75A patent/MW1975A1/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MW1975A1 (en) | 1976-11-10 |
| SE7504154L (sv) | 1975-10-13 |
| FR2267381A1 (enExample) | 1975-11-07 |
| IT1037272B (it) | 1979-11-10 |
| IE40898L (en) | 1975-10-11 |
| CA1018363A (en) | 1977-10-04 |
| US3998627A (en) | 1976-12-21 |
| PH13668A (en) | 1980-08-26 |
| FI66651B (fi) | 1984-07-31 |
| FI751078A7 (enExample) | 1975-10-12 |
| AU7978475A (en) | 1976-10-07 |
| FI66651C (fi) | 1984-11-12 |
| SE401616B (sv) | 1978-05-22 |
| NL7504239A (nl) | 1975-10-14 |
| BE827642A (fr) | 1975-07-31 |
| OA04982A (fr) | 1980-11-30 |
| ZA752098B (en) | 1976-03-31 |
| ZM4475A1 (en) | 1976-05-21 |
| IE40898B1 (en) | 1979-09-12 |
| ES436540A1 (es) | 1977-02-01 |
| JPS50148223A (enExample) | 1975-11-27 |
| YU89175A (en) | 1982-05-31 |
| DE2515601A1 (de) | 1975-10-23 |
| GB1497352A (en) | 1978-01-12 |
| FR2267381B1 (enExample) | 1980-08-22 |
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