JPH1171714A - Shock-absorbing structure of bridge - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent shock-breakage of the upper and lower structures, and falling accidents of the upper structure caused by an earthquake or the like, by arranging specified shock-absorbing members between the upper structures, and the upper structure and the lower structure, and in connection tools between the upper structure and the lower structure and providing wall structures in the direction of shock-loads. SOLUTION: A shock-absorbing member 1 is formed of a material having 200 kgf/cm<3> or larger bending elastic modulus and 50 tf.m/m<3> or more compressive energy absorptive rate at the compression in the shock-load direction. In this case, a resin having 500-20,000 kgf/cm<2> bending elastic modulus or a matel having 5,000 kgf/cm<2> or larger bending elastic modulus is used as a base material for the molding. Chambers with hexagonal or fewer polygonal section are continuously and repeatedly used. The plateau strength is set at 400 tf/m<2> or higher and the compression energy absorption rate is set at 200 tf.m/m<3> or larger. A resin having 200-5,000 kgf/cm<2> bending elastic modulus or a metal having 5,000 kgf/cm<2> or larger bending elastic modulus is used as a base material for the absorbing material 1. In this way, shock-breakage or falling of the upper and lower structures or the adjacent structures can be securely prevented and a bridge withstanding an earthquake or the like can be constructed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention alleviates the impact caused by the collision between a superstructure and a substructure when a bridge structure such as a highway is hit by an earthquake or the like, and also prevents damage.
Furthermore, in order to prevent the superstructure from falling from the substructure,
Bridges improved to absorb and mitigate impact by placing shock absorbers on jigs connecting superstructures, superstructures and substructures, and superstructures between superstructures and substructures , That is, the shock absorbing structure of a bridge.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When a bridge falls due to an impact such as an earthquake,
Most of the damage was caused by impact destruction or departure due to collision between superstructures or the connection between superstructures and substructures in the bridge structure, and this fact was confirmed even in the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake.

[0003] By the way, as a method of preventing a bridge from falling, a method for forming a protrusion for preventing slippage or a fall prevention wall at an upper part of a substructure or a lower part of a superstructure, a method of connecting a superstructure and a substructure to PC steel, an anchor bar, or the like. And a method of connecting adjacent superstructures to each other with a PC steel material or the like.

[0004] On the other hand, in the rupture and fall of bridges confirmed in past earthquake disaster cases, there are many damages caused by displacement in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis and damages presumed to be caused by shock vibration. Therefore, as a bridge prevention structure currently in practical use, it has a connection structure that can follow the movement in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis, and uses a shock absorbing material to absorb and mitigate shocking vibration every time Most of them combine absorption structures.

[0005] As an absorbent used in such a shock absorbing structure, a rubber molded product having good resilience has been widely used. However, when arranging in extremely limited parts such as the superstructures or the connection between the superstructure and the substructure, the impact absorption capacity is insufficient because the size of the shock absorber is limited in the rubber molded body Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory destruction prevention effect and a bridge prevention effect against strong and sudden shock vibration. It is possible to increase the amount of shock absorption by using a thick rubber molded body or by using a large number of laminated rubber molded bodies.However, since the size of the shock absorbing material becomes large, it is necessary to dispose it in a limited area. Not only will it be difficult, but the material costs will rise and the weight will increase.

Further, as a shock absorbing material other than a rubber molded product,
Metal springs, friction type shock absorbing members, hydraulic type shock absorbing members, etc. are also known, but metal springs have excellent shock absorbing performance, but maintenance after construction is inevitable because of the problem of rusting. However, it is not suitable as a shock-absorbing material for bridges installed in places exposed to salt water such as coastal areas and marine bridges from the viewpoint of rust resistance and weather resistance. In addition, friction-type and hydraulic-type shock-absorbing members are generally not only complicated in structure, very expensive and heavy, but also cannot maintain their original performance without proper maintenance. You.

On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-12779, for example, a hollow molded body made of a thermoplastic resin elastomer is used as an impact absorbing means using a resin molded body, and the hollow molded body is compressed in advance in the axial direction to give permanent strain. Thus, a technique for improving the shock absorbing performance is disclosed. However, although this resin molded body has excellent ability as an elastic body, it has a poor ability to absorb compression energy, and has a satisfactory shock absorption performance as a bridge shock absorbing member for preventing a bridge from falling due to an earthquake or the like. I can't.

On the other hand, the present inventors have proposed a cushioning elastic resin molded article in which arched, dome-shaped or honeycomb-shaped compression-deformed members are erected in multiple layers on a perforated or non-perforated flat plate made of an elastic resin. We have developed a new shock absorber and are studying it for practical use. This shock absorber is
It is suitable for applications where it is widely spread on the side walls of the road or the floor of a building, etc., and exerts a uniform cushioning performance over a wide area. It is difficult to apply to applications that must be installed in a limited area, such as a connecting part, and it is not possible to obtain sufficient shock absorbing performance every time.

[0009] Further, since the shock absorbing material in the bridge structure is often provided near the support portion of the superstructure in the substructure, it is desired that the impact absorbing material does not hinder the maintenance and management of the support portion such as inspection, maintenance and repair. Therefore, it is desired that the shock absorbing material is small and lightweight and has a high shock absorbing capacity, that is, a material having a large amount of compression energy absorption as compared with the reaction force.
These requirements cannot be satisfied by the conventional shock absorbing material as described above.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and has as its object the purpose of being compact and lightweight, having a simple structure, and having a smaller compression force than a reaction force. It has a large amount of energy absorption and good rust resistance, water resistance, weather resistance, etc., and is maintenance-free for bridges in inland areas as well as coastal areas and ocean bridges. Developed shock absorbers and, by using these shock absorbers, can be used to minimize the impact damage of superstructures and substructures due to earthquakes, etc. It is intended to provide an absorbing structure.

[0011]

The impact absorbing structure according to the present invention, which has solved the above-mentioned problems, comprises a substructure having a bridge preventing wall, a superstructure between a superstructure and a superstructure-substructure, and a bridge. During superstructure, these superstructures or superstructures-
A shock absorbing structure of a bridge in which a specific shock absorbing material is disposed on a jig for connecting a substructure, wherein the shock absorbing material is formed from a molded article formed of a material having a flexural modulus of 200 kgf / cm ² or more. It is characterized by having a wall structure in the direction of impact load. In order to more efficiently absorb the large energy due to the impact, it is preferable that the wall structure be configured to absorb the impact by being deformed by compression due to the impact and buckling or being permanently deformed.

The features of the shock absorbing structure according to the present invention are as described above, but the concrete form is roughly classified into the following two types. One type is a shock absorbing material capable of absorbing a shock over a certain wide surface [hereinafter referred to as a shock absorbing material (i)].
The shock absorbing structure is mainly composed of a shock absorbing material (i) between a superstructure between a superstructure, a superstructure and a substructure, and between a substructure and a superstructure having a fall prevention wall. It is of the structure where is installed. Another type has a structure in which a shock absorbing material is arranged on a jig connecting the superstructure or the superstructure-substructure, and includes a relatively small shock absorber [hereinafter referred to as a shock absorber (ii). Is used.

[0013] The shock absorbing material (i) comprises a molded body having a large number of wall structures in the direction of the impact load, and the wall structures are connected to each other at least in part in the direction of the impact load, and are isolated in the direction of the impact load. Those having a room structure are preferred. In order to ensure sufficient shock absorption performance that can cope with a sudden shock due to an earthquake or the like, the compression energy absorption amount of the shock absorbing material (i) when compressed in the direction of shock load is 50 tf · m /.
m ³ or more is desirable, and in order to realize this, the material of the molded body has a flexural modulus of 500 to 20,000 kg.
It is preferable to use a resin of f / cm ² or a metal having a flexural modulus of 5,000 kgf / cm ² or more.

In order to further enhance the initial shock absorbing performance of the shock absorbing material (i), when a shock load is applied to the shock absorbing material (i), a specific portion of the wall structure in the direction of the shock load is first applied. It is preferable to have a deformable structure, such as a structure having a defective portion, a structure having a stepped portion, a structure having a thin portion,
And the like.

In order to efficiently absorb impact energy,
As the small room structure, a structure including a repeating structure of small rooms each having a polygonal shape having a cross section perpendicular to the shock absorbing direction and having a hexagonal shape or less is preferable, and a hexagonal honeycomb structure is particularly preferable.

On the other hand, the shock absorbing material (ii) has a plateau strength of 400 tf / m ² or more, a compression energy absorption of 200 tf · m / m ³ or more, and a shock load of the shock absorbing material (ii). The wall structure in the direction is cylindrical. In order to satisfy these requirements, the impact absorbing material (i
The constituent material of i) has a flexural modulus of 200 to 5,000.
0 kgf / cm ² resin, or 5,000 flexural modulus
It is desirable to select a metal of 0 kgf / cm ² or more.

The shock absorbing material (ii) preferably has a flange, and when a shock load is applied to the shock absorbing material (ii), a specific portion of the wall structure in the direction of the shock load is deformed. It is also one of the preferred embodiments to have a structure that performs the following. Preferable examples of such a structure include a structure having a defective portion or a thin portion in a cylindrical wall structure in the impact load direction, or a bellows structure.

The shock absorbing material (ii) is installed at an end of a jig (for example, a connecting cable or the like) for connecting the superstructure or the superstructure and the substructure, and connects the jig to the shock absorbing material (ii).
It is preferable to arrange them by passing through them.

The above-mentioned shock absorbing materials (i) and (ii)
Jigs that connect superstructures between bridges, between superstructures and substructures, between substructures with bridge prevention walls and superstructures, between superstructures, or between superstructures and substructures. This can efficiently absorb and mitigate the impact applied to those contact areas, prevent impact destruction of the nursing care section and adjacent structures, and prevent a falling accident of a superstructure, that is, a falling bridge accident. However, the impact absorbing structure of a bridge provided with such a specific impact absorbing material is a protection target of the present invention.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The impact absorbing structure for a bridge according to the present invention is constructed as described above, such as between the superstructures, between the superstructure and the substructure, between the substructure with the fall prevention wall, and the upper structure. Shock absorbers are installed on the jigs connecting the superstructure or superstructure-substructure, and when an impact force is applied to their contacting parts due to an earthquake or the like, the impact is absorbed and mitigated to destroy them and lower parts. It is intended to prevent bridge destruction accidents such as falling off of superstructure from work.

The shock absorbing material has a flexural modulus of 200 kg.
The impact absorbing material has a wall structure in the direction of impact load, comprising a molded article molded from a material of f / cm ² or more, preferably 500 gkf / cm ² or more. If the bending elastic modulus of the material constituting the shock absorbing material is less than 200 kgf / cm ² , the shock absorbing material immediately undergoes elastic deformation when subjected to an impact force due to insufficient rigidity. Can not absorb enough power,
A satisfactory shock buffering effect cannot be obtained. To compensate for this, it is necessary to make the wall structure of the shock absorbing material in the direction of the impact load thicker. As a result, the shock absorbing material must be made larger, and the shock absorbing structure for bridges becomes larger. Deviates from purpose. The wall structure in the direction of impact load referred to here is a structure having a wall substantially parallel to the direction of impact load.

It is important for this wall structure to absorb shock by compressive deformation and buckling deformation by impact. In a structure that absorbs impact force only by elastic deformation, a sudden and extremely large impact like an earthquake occurs. When energy is applied several to several tens of times in a short period of time, sufficient energy absorption performance is not exhibited or resonance occurs and vibration of the superstructure of the bridge is increased, and instead of destruction of the bridge structure is promoted It even happens.

There are roughly two types of shock absorbing structures according to the present invention exhibiting such functions. One is a shock absorbing structure (i) using a shock absorbing material capable of absorbing a shock over a certain wide surface. It is an absorption structure (I). This is a structure in which the above-described shock absorbing material (i) is mainly installed between a superstructure between a superstructure, a superstructure-substructure, and a substructure having a bridge prevention wall and a superstructure. Another type is
A shock absorbing structure (II) of a type in which an impact absorbing material (ii) is arranged on a jig (for example, a connecting cable or the like) for connecting a superstructure or a superstructure-substructure. (I) is used. These two types of shock absorbers will now be described in more detail.

The shock absorbing material (i) has many wall structures in the direction of the shock load. The wall structures are preferably connected to each other on at least a part of the surface in the direction of impact load and have a small room structure isolated in the direction of impact load. By providing such a small room structure, when a load is applied, the wall structure in the direction of impact load, which is the partition surface of the small room structure, buckles and deforms in a bellows-like manner, so that the shock is efficiently absorbed. Can be. The shock absorbing material (i) preferably includes a repeating structure of a polygonal small room having a cross section perpendicular to the shock absorbing direction of the small room structure having a hexagonal shape or less, and particularly preferably a hexagonal honeycomb. Structure.

This small room structure may be in the form of a through hole having both ends open in the direction of impact load, a concave shape (hole shape) in which one side is closed, or a hollow shape in which both ends are closed.

In order to further enhance the initial shock absorbing ability of the shock absorbing material (i), when a shock load is applied to the shock absorbing material, a specific portion of the wall structure in the direction of the shock load of the shock absorbing material is first formed. It is preferable to adopt a structure that can be transformed into As an example of such a structure, a structure having a defective portion, a step portion, or a thin-walled portion in a wall structure in the direction of an impact load is exemplified. By adopting a structure in which a specific portion of the wall structure is deformed as described above, when an impact load is applied to the shock absorbing material (i), the specific portion is deformed promptly and the initial shock absorbing ability is improved. In addition to being increased, it is possible to further reduce the reaction force generated when receiving an impact.

Preferred elements constituting the shock absorbing material (i)
One of the materials has a flexural modulus of 500 to 20,000.
kgf / cm^Two Elastic resin, enough shock absorption
Elastic tree that is more favorable for securing the amount and impact buffering action
The lower limit of the flexural modulus of fat is 500 kgf / cm^Two And more
Preferably 800 kgf / cm^Two Above, more preferred
Limit value is 10,000kgf / cm^Two And more preferably
4,000kgf / cm ^Two It is as follows.

As the elastic resin, any natural or synthetic resin can be used as long as the above-mentioned flexural modulus can be satisfied. Preferred examples thereof include thermoplastic polyester elastomers, polyolefin elastomers, and the like.
Polyurethane-based elastomers, polyamide-based elastomers, or blends thereof, and further include thermosetting resins such as cast polyurethane resins. Among them, particularly preferred are thermoplastic polyesters excellent in weather resistance and water resistance. It is an elastomer or a polyolefin elastomer.

As another material of the shock absorbing material (i),
Although various materials having a flexural modulus of 5,000 kgf / cm ² or more can be used, it is preferable to use one having excellent rust prevention and water resistance. Specific examples thereof include thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins, or fillers such as carbon black, talc, and glass beads, and metal fibers, glass fibers, and fibrous reinforcing materials such as carbon fibers,
A thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, a metal, or the like reinforced with whiskers or the like can also be used. As metal, iron,
Aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, zinc, tin, lead,
Examples thereof include aluminum alloys such as duralumin, brass, and stainless steel. Among them, aluminum, copper, brass, duralumin, and stainless steel, which are excellent in weather resistance and water resistance, are particularly preferable.

In the case where the shock absorber is made of such a resin or metal, the reaction force rises too rapidly when buckling deformation progresses and the small room serving as the escape space becomes small. Therefore, it is effective to fill the inside of the small room with another shock absorbing material such as foamed resin or rubber. It is preferable to fill the interior of the small room with the shock absorbing material, since it is possible to prevent dust and the like from entering the small room. Next, a specific example of the shock absorbing material (i) will be shown, and its shock absorbing mechanism will be described in detail.

FIG. 1 is a sketch drawing showing a typical example of the shock absorbing material used in the present invention, and shows a honeycomb-shaped shock absorbing material integrally formed using an elastic resin satisfying the requirement of the bending elastic modulus. I have. The shock absorber 1 has a large number of hexagonal through-holes 2, 2,... Formed at equal intervals in the direction of impact load (vertical direction in the drawing).
The impact force is absorbed by the elastic deformation of the partition wall 3 partitioning the walls 2,... And the buckling deformation in the direction of each through hole.

That is, the shock absorbing material of the present invention absorbs shock by the elasticity of the partition wall 3 itself made of an elastic resin and the elastic deformation of the through holes 2, 2,. Further, as shown in the figure, in the case where a large number of through-holes 2, 2, ... penetrating in the direction of impact load form a continuous partition wall 3 while forming a polygonal shape such as a honeycomb shape or a lattice shape in plan view, Moderate rigidity is given as a whole. As a result, the shock absorbing material as a whole has both the shock absorbing effect by the elastic deformation and the appropriate rigidity, and can efficiently absorb and mitigate the shock due to strong vibrations and the like received by an earthquake or the like. As shown in the figure, through holes 2, 2,... Formed in the elastic resin molded body.
If a step D is formed at a plurality of locations at the end of the partition wall 3 in the penetration direction, the application is concentrated on a portion protruding from the step D when an impact is applied, and buckling deformation occurs. The initial abrupt impact can be more efficiently absorbed by the buckling. Therefore, by appropriately setting the height H and the number of the steps D in accordance with the assumed degree of impact force, the initial shock absorption capacity is increased and the reaction force generated when receiving an impact is further reduced. It is possible to do.

As described above, a step is provided at a specific portion of the shock absorbing material, and this portion is first buckled and deformed to effectively absorb the initial sudden shock. It is also possible to reduce the thickness of a specific part or to provide a defective part so that stress concentrates on these parts.

In order to give a satisfactory shock absorbing performance as this shock absorbing material, for example, a load (reaction force) when a molded body as shown in FIG. 1 is compressed in a direction of forming a through hole (vertical direction in the figure). The absorption of compression energy determined from the compression ratio curve is 50 tf · m / m ³ or more, more preferably 100 tf · m / m ³ ;
It is preferable to set tf · m / m ³ or more.

Here, the load (reaction force) -compression ratio curve is a curve showing the correlation between the load (reaction force) and the compression ratio when the shock absorbing material is compressed, and an example thereof is shown in FIG. Thus, in the initial stage of compression, the load (reaction force) -compression ratio curve rises sharply in proportion to the compression ratio, and the slope thereafter gradually decreases, and despite the increase in compression ratio, the load (reaction force) becomes almost constant. It becomes constant and reaches a plateau point at which the reaction force shows a local maximum value. Even if a compressive force is further applied, the buckling deformation of the partition wall 3 occurs by using the through holes 2, 2,... As an escape space, and a substantially constant level of reaction force is generated while the buckling deformation of the partition wall 3 proceeds. After maintaining, the curve rises sharply when the through holes 2, 2,.

The plateau strength is a value obtained by dividing the maximum reaction force value in the flat portion after the first rise in the curve shown in FIG. 8 by the pressure receiving area of the shock absorbing material. The energy absorption is the compression ratio 80%
Means the value obtained by dividing the absorbed energy indicated by the area surrounded by the curve (the shaded area in FIG. 8) by the volume of the shock absorbing material. Although the plateau strength and the maximum stress value do not always match, the plateau strength is a value close to the maximum stress applied to the colliding object when the shock absorbing material receives an impact force, and is used as a standard of the maximum stress value.

The plateau strength of the shock absorbing material (i) is 50t.
f / m^Two Above, 5,000 tf / m ^Two To be
Preferably, more preferably 100 tf / m^Two Above, 2,
000tf / m^Two It is as follows.

When the plateau strength is insufficient, the function as an impact energy absorbing material is not sufficiently exhibited. Conversely, when the plateau strength is too large, the reaction force generated at the time of impact becomes large, and the upper and lower works, Alternatively, there is a risk that adjacent structures may be destroyed or bridges may be dropped. Therefore, in order to efficiently absorb the impact energy and reduce the impact, the first rise in the reaction force-compression ratio curve is made as steep as possible, and the reduction of the reaction force after passing the plateau point is minimized, It is effective to maintain the reaction force at a substantially constant level up to a high compression ratio below the force at which adjacent objects and surrounding structures break. That is, as the hatched portion in FIG. 8 is trapezoidal and the area thereof is larger, the amount of impact energy absorption increases.

From these viewpoints, various studies have been made on the physical properties required of the shock absorbing material (i) of the present invention. As a result, it is necessary to sufficiently absorb the impact force and effectively prevent the destruction of the upper and lower works. 50tf · m
/ M ³ or more, more preferably 100 tf · m / m ³ or more. Incidentally, in a conventionally known shock absorbing material such as a rubber molded article, for example, FIG.
Since the initial rise is slow as shown in the stress-compression ratio curve, the amount of material used must be increased in order to secure a satisfactory amount of collision energy absorption. Not only is the size larger, but it must be larger and heavier.

However, in the shock absorbing material (i) having the above structure, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, the initial rise is abrupt, and a moderate plateau strength is exhibited. After maintaining a certain level of reaction force, it showed a sudden rise at the end,
50tf · m / in combination with the flexural modulus of the material itself
It has a very high compression energy absorption of at least m ³ .

The preferred resins constituting the shock absorbing material are as described above, and these resins may contain various stabilizers such as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, heat stabilizers, dyes, Appropriate amount of filler such as pigment, carbon black, talc, glass beads, etc., fiber reinforcement such as metal fiber, glass fiber and carbon fiber, antistatic agent, plasticizer, flame retardant, foaming agent, release agent etc. Of course, it is also possible to mix and modify.

The shape is not limited to the structure as shown in FIG. 1; for example, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, a lattice-like object having a large number of rectangular or rhombic through-holes, Further, a molded body having a large number of circular, elliptical, or irregular shaped through holes may of course be used. The size may be arbitrarily determined in consideration of the gap / size of the applied shock absorbing portion, the assumed degree of impact force, and the like. There is no limitation on the molding method of the absorbent, injection molding method, extrusion molding method,
Any method such as a press molding method can be adopted.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory sectional view showing a main part of a shock absorbing structure (I) of the present invention utilizing the above-mentioned shock absorbing material (i). FIG. Shock absorber 1
An example in which the superstructures 4 and 4 are placed side by side with the
FIG. 3B shows a state in which the top of the substructure 5 is protruded so that the protrusion 5 a
An example in which the upper works 4 and 4 are arranged on both sides of the lower work 5 with the shock absorbing material 1 interposed therebetween, and FIG. 3C shows the L-shaped protrusion 5b of the lower work 5 whose top is projected in an L-shape. FIG. 3 (D) shows an example in which the superstructure 4 is disposed via the shock absorbing material 1. FIG. 3D shows a case in which the superstructure 4 is provided with the bracket 8 and the substructure 5 provided with the bridge prevention wall 7. FIG. 3 (E) shows an example in which the impact absorbing material 1 is disposed in
FIG. 3 shows an example in which the shock absorbing material 1 is arranged on the fall prevention wall 7.
(F): A bridge prevention wall 7 is arranged on the substructure 5 and the superstructure 4
FIG. 3 (G) shows an example in which the shock absorbers 1 and 1 are arranged on the inner side wall of the substructure 5 and the bridge prevention wall 7b having the bridge prevention walls erected on both sides. In this example, the superstructure 4 is disposed to absorb the impact in the lateral direction. In these figures, reference numeral 6 indicates a bearing member.

As described above, the shock absorbing structure (I) of the present invention
By arranging the shock absorbing material (i) having the above-mentioned physical properties and shape between the superstructures constituting the bridge, between the superstructure and the substructure, or between the substructure with the fall prevention wall and the superstructure. It absorbs and mitigates the impact of a bridge structure when it receives an impact due to an earthquake or the like, suppresses impact destruction of superstructures, substructures, and adjacent structures, or prevents a falling bridge caused by falling off of superstructures. The connection structure between the lower part and the upper part shown in FIG. 3 and the mounting position of the shock absorber 1 are only representative examples, and the present invention is not limited to these examples. There is no particular limitation on the method of mounting the shock absorbing material 1, and a method of bolting to a nut embedded in advance, a method of fixing using a suitable mounting jig, or the like may be appropriately adopted.

Next, another shock absorber (ii) and a shock absorbing structure (II) using the same will be described in detail.

In this type of shock absorbing structure, a shock absorbing material (i.
i) is installed. As the jig,
There are cables, rebar-shaped metal rods, metal plates, etc., and the impact absorbing material (i.
i) is provided.

The impact absorbing material (ii) has a plateau strength of 400 tf / m ² or more and a compression energy absorption of 20
The wall structure is 0tf · m / m ³ or more and has a cylindrical wall structure in the direction of impact load.

The plateau strength of the shock absorbing material (ii) is 2
Preferably 0,000tf / m ² or less, more preferably in the range of 1,000~10,000tf / m ^2.

When the plateau strength is insufficient, the function as an impact energy absorbing material is not sufficiently exhibited. Conversely, when the plateau strength is too large, the reaction force generated at the time of impact becomes large, and the upper work, the lower work or There is a risk that adjacent structures may be destroyed or a bridge may be dropped.

In order to secure the above physical properties, the constituent material of the molded body should have a flexural modulus of 200 kgf / cm ² or more.
More preferably 400 kgf / cm ² or more, more preferably at 700 kgf / cm ² or more, 5,000 kgf /
cm ² or less, more preferably 4,000 kgf / cm ²
The following resin, or a flexural modulus of 5,000 kgf / c
It is desirable to select a metal of m ² or more. Preferred examples of these resins, metals, and the like are the same as those exemplified above for the shock absorbing material (i).

The shock absorbing material (ii) preferably has a flange portion. By providing the flange portion, when a shock load is applied to the shock absorbing material (ii), a load is applied to the entire shock absorbing material. And the cylindrical shock absorbing material (ii) is deformed at an appropriate position, and the shock can be stably and efficiently absorbed.

Further, it is preferable that the impact absorbing material (ii) has a structure in which, when an impact load occurs, a specific portion of the wall structure in the direction of the impact load is deformed first. Examples of such a structure include a structure in which a defective portion or a thin portion is provided in a cylindrical wall structure in the impact load direction, or a bellows structure.

In order to always stably exhibit the shock absorbing effect of the shock absorbing material (ii), the hollow part, particularly the end thereof, falls down irregularly in the course of deformation of the cylindrical wall structure. It is desirable to prevent, for example, for example, a method of attaching a flange to the end of the hollow cylindrical portion, a method of closing the end of the hollow cylindrical portion, a method of increasing the thickness of the end of the hollow cylindrical portion, hollow A method of attaching a reinforcement (for example, a metal or resin ring) made of a material whose elastic modulus is larger than that of the deformable part to the end of the cylindrical part, and forming a convex part that matches the inner shape of the cylinder at the end of the hollow cylindrical part And a method of attaching a plate provided with a concave portion that matches the shape of the end of the hollow cylindrical portion.

It is also effective to fill the inner surface of the hollow portion with a filler made of a material having a lower elastic modulus than the constituent material of the shock absorbing material to further enhance the shock absorbing action at the time of buckling deformation. .

The shock absorbing material (ii) made of such a cylindrical molded body is installed at an end of a connecting jig installed at a connecting portion between superstructures or between superstructures and substructures constituting a bridge. More specifically, a connecting jig is inserted into a hollow portion of the cylindrical shock absorbing material (ii), and is attached to one or both sides of the connecting jig by an end stop member, and an impact is applied to the connecting jig. Sometimes, the buckling deformation of the absorbent material absorbs an impact force and exerts a function of attenuating the force applied to the connecting jig.

At this time, the end stop of the connecting jig is
It is desirable that the connecting cable is fixed with a nut or the like so that the connecting cable does not detach or break even when the impact force attenuated by the absorbing material is applied to the end stopper.

The shock absorbing material (ii) is a tubular member having a hollow portion (hole) through which a connecting jig can be inserted, as will be apparent from the illustrated example described later. The shape of the force / compression ratio is not limited as long as it draws a curve as shown in FIG. 8, for example. In addition to the cylindrical shape shown in the figure, the specific shape of the cylindrical molded body has a hollow portion (hole) through which a connecting jig is inserted, such as a polygonal cylindrical shape such as a hexagonal cylindrical shape or a deformed cylindrical shape. The shape is not limited at all, and the shape of the hole is not limited at all.

The shock absorbing material (ii) is also made of a resin, preferably an elastomer, having a specific range of flexural modulus as described above, but its molding method is not particularly limited. It can be formed by any method such as extrusion, and in some cases, it is also possible to form a solid rod, and then process it into a tubular shape by cutting or drilling afterwards.

Next, referring to drawings showing typical examples,
The structure of the shock absorbing structure (II) using the shock absorbing material (ii) and the connecting jig shock absorbing device will be specifically described.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an essential part showing an example of a bridge in which a connecting jig shock absorbing device as the shock absorbing structure (II) of the present invention is arranged between superstructures, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an example of a bridge in which a shock absorbing device, which is another shock absorbing structure (II), is disposed in a cylinder of a superstructure and a substructure.
It is a detailed view showing a typical arrangement example of a shock absorbing device which is a shock absorbing structure (II) according to the present invention.

In these examples, the wire jig in which the portion 22 is a wire is shown as the connecting jig.
May be a metal bar or a metal plate.

The bridge has a structure in which a superstructure 26 and a road 27 are arranged on a substructure 28 generally disposed above a pier, as shown in FIG. 4, for example. Are connected by a connection cable 22 so that the connection cable 22 does not fall off. As another example, as shown in FIG. 5, a substructure 28 is protruded in an L-shape toward a road 27, and a superstructure 26 is arranged thereon and connected by a connecting cable 22 to prevent the superstructure 26 from dropping. ing.

The shock absorbing device which is the shock absorbing structure (II) of the present invention uses the connecting cable 2 used in FIGS.
2 to prevent the destruction of itself by absorbing the impact applied to the structure 2 and to suppress the impact destruction of the peripheral structure, and is configured as shown in FIG. 6, for example. That is, the connection cable 22 is inserted into through holes provided in both ends of the superstructures 26, 26 (the upper structure 26 and the lower structure 28 in the example of FIG. 5), and the both ends are formed into the cylindrical shock absorber 21. , 21 and support plates 24, 24 are mounted on the outside thereof, and a washer 23 'is further disposed on the outside thereof, and the connection cable 22 is fastened by tightening with a nut 23.

FIG. 6 shows an example in which the connecting cable 22 is firmly fixed. However, the connecting cable 22 may be slightly loosened to cope with a minute movement of the structure due to a temperature change or vibration. Or support plate 24 and nut 2
An elastic material such as a spring is inserted between the members 3 so as to cope with expansion and contraction due to a change in temperature of the structure, and further, a buffer member other than the spring can be inserted. In addition, depending on the thickness and width of the superstructure 26, the installation method is not limited at all, such as arranging a plurality of connection cables 22 in the vertical or horizontal direction, or arranging the connection cables 22 in series.

The size and shape of the hollow portion (hole) formed in the shock absorbing material 21 are not limited as long as the connection jig 22 can be inserted, and the gap with the connection jig 22 becomes large. In such a case, it is also effective to reduce the gap by inserting a sleeve or the like. Then, it is desirable to cover the outside of the fastening portion including the nut 23 and the like with a protective cover 25 as shown in the figure to enhance the durability and weather resistance of the entire shock absorbing device and enhance the aesthetic appearance of the entire bridge structure. .

As described above, typical examples of the shock absorbing structure of the bridge according to the present invention include a shock absorbing structure (I) using a shock absorbing material (i) and a shock absorbing structure (II) using a shock absorbing material (ii). However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. Even if the shock absorbing material (i) is used by attaching it to a connecting jig as in the case of the shock absorbing structure (II), the shock absorbing material (ii) is used for the shock absorbing structure (I). Needless to say, it may be used by installing it in a space or between a superstructure and a substructure.

[0067]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following Examples as far as the present invention is concerned. Appropriate changes in design can be made and implemented, all of which fall within the technical scope of the present invention.

In the following examples and comparative examples, it is practically impossible to examine the performance of the shock absorbing material by actually shaking the superstructure by attaching a shock absorbing material to the connecting portion of the superstructure and the substructure of the bridge. Therefore, the test was performed by simulating such conditions. The physical property test, compression test, and the like employed in the experiment were performed by the following methods.

[Flexural modulus]: AS commonly used
It was determined in accordance with TM-D790.

[Collision Compression Test]: Using a test device as shown in FIG. 11, a falling object 10 having its own weight of about 7 t (ton) is dropped along the inclined rail 9, and is enlarged as shown in FIG. Then, the sample was caused to collide at 1.8 m / s at a speed of 1.8 m / s with the test shock absorber 1 fixed to the collision surface side of the fixed base 11 via the load cell 12, and the shock absorption performance of the shock absorber 1 was evaluated by the laser displacement meter 14. I do. Reference numeral 13 denotes an accelerometer.

[Pressure receiving area]: Refers to the contact area between the falling object and the shock absorbing material. In the case of the shock absorbing material (i), the area as a molded body was shown instead of the contact area of the partition wall portion.

[Plateau strength]: The load (reaction force) -compression ratio curve (see FIG. 8) rises approximately in proportion to the compression ratio at the beginning of compression, and then gradually becomes gentle to the maximum reaction force (flat portion). The reaction force at the time of was divided by the pressure receiving area.

[Compression energy absorption amount per unit volume]: Unit volume of the shock absorbing material at the time of the critical compression amount at which the displacement amount per tf reaches about 0.2 mm in the load (reaction force) -compression rate curve. Energy absorption per unit was determined.

[Maximum reaction force]: In the above-mentioned collision compression test, the maximum reaction force generated when a falling object collides with the shock absorbing material was determined.

[Maximum Compressive Displacement]: In the above collision test, the maximum compressive displacement observed when a falling object collides with the shock absorbing material was determined.

[Presence / absence of influence on fixed table]: In the above-mentioned impact compression test, the pressure receiving area of the shock absorbing material was 500 mm × 100 m.
With respect to m, the force at which the fixed base breaks is assumed to be 25 tf, and those having the maximum reaction force exceeding 25 tf are considered to have an effect on the fixed base.

[Absorbed energy amount]: The difference in kinetic energy calculated from the velocity of the falling object before and after the collision was taken as the amount of energy absorbed by the shock absorbing material.

Example 1 Using a polyester-based elastomer "Perprene P-90B" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., a honeycomb-shaped shock absorber as shown in FIG. 1 [thickness (t) = 4.3 mm, one side length] (L)
= 25 mm, thickness (h) = 100 mm]. Overall dimensions are horizontal (w) 500 mm x vertical (d) 100
mm × thickness (h): 100 mm. Table 1 shows the results of the performance test (at 15 ° C.) of the honeycomb-shaped shock absorbers, together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Example 2 A polyester elastomer “Perprene P-150B” manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.
A honeycomb-shaped shock absorber having dimensions was injection-molded. The results of the performance test (at 40 ° C.) of the shock absorbing material are shown in Table 1 together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Example 3 A honeycomb-shaped shock absorber having a hexagonal cross section as shown in FIG. 1 using aluminum [thickness (t) = 0.07 mm,
One side length (L) = 5.5 mm, thickness (h) = 100 m
m]. The overall dimensions were 100 mm in width (w) × 100 mm in length (d). Table 1 shows the results of the performance test (at 15 ° C.) of the honeycomb-shaped shock absorbers, together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Example 4 Using nylon "T-222" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.
The honeycomb-shaped shock absorbing material [thickness (t) = 4.3 mm, side length (L) = 25 mm, thickness (h) = 100 mm] having a hexagonal cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. The overall dimensions were 200 mm horizontal (w) x 200 mm vertical (d). Table 1 shows the results of performance tests (values at 40 ° C.) of the honeycomb-shaped shock absorbers together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Comparative Example 1 A commercially available rubber plate (CR) having a hardness of 63 A and generally used as a cushioning material [overall dimensions: 500 mm in width (w) × 100 mm in length (d) × 100 mm in thickness (b)] was cut out. Performance evaluation (15 ° C.) was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results.

[0083]

[Table 1]

Example 5 Using a polyester elastomer "Perprene P-55B" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., a cylindrical absorbent material having flanges at both ends having dimensions and shapes shown in FIG. 7 was produced. The results of the performance test (15 ° C.) of the shock absorber are shown in Table 2 together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Example 6 Nylon "T-222" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.
The hollow cylindrical shock absorber [height = 100 mm, outer diameter 80 mm] shown in FIG. Table 2 shows the results of the performance test (value at 40 ° C.) of the hollow cylindrical shock absorber, together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Comparative Example 2 A commercially available rubber mass (CR) having a hardness of 45 A was cut to produce a hollow cylindrical shock absorber having the same dimensions and shape as in Example 5 above. The performance test (15 ° C.) result of the shock absorber was
Table 2 shows the physical properties of the constituent materials.

Comparative Example 3 A commercially available rubber ingot having a hardness of 63 A was cut and processed.
A hollow cylindrical shock absorber having the same dimensions and shape as in Example 1 was produced. The results of the performance test (15 ° C.) of the shock absorber are shown in Table 2 together with the physical properties of the constituent materials.

[0088]

[Table 2]

[0089]

The present invention is configured as described above, and since this shock absorbing material has excellent shock absorbing performance,
The shock-absorbing structure using the absorbing material can effectively absorb and mitigate the shock caused by the collision between the superstructures, the superstructure and the substructure due to an earthquake or the like, and the shock applied to the connecting portion using the jig. It can reliably prevent destruction and detachment of substructures and superstructures, as well as adjacent structures due to impact, and provide a bridge that can sufficiently withstand earthquakes and the like. Moreover, this shock absorbing structure uses a shock absorbing material with excellent rust resistance, water resistance and weather resistance, so it is maintenance-free and long-term, even when applied to inland areas, coastal areas and ocean bridges. Maintains excellent impact relaxation performance.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sketch showing a typical example of a shock absorbing material (i) used in a shock absorbing structure (I) of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating another shape of the shock absorbing material (i) used in the shock absorbing structure (I) of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing an arrangement example of a shock absorbing material (i).

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional explanatory view illustrating a state in which a connecting cable impact absorbing device, which is the impact absorbing structure (II) of the present invention, is disposed in a superstructure of a bridge.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a main part illustrating a state in which a connecting cable shock absorbing device, which is the shock absorbing structure (II) of the present invention, is disposed between a superstructure and a substructure of a bridge.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a main part showing a specific example of a connection cable shock absorbing device which is the shock absorbing structure (II) of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory sectional view showing an example of a shock absorbing material (ii) used in the shock absorbing structure (II) of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a load (reaction force) -compression ratio curve of the shock absorbing material used in the shock absorbing structure of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a load (reaction force) -compression ratio curve of a normal rubber elastic body.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a specific example of a load (reaction force) -compression ratio curve of the shock absorbing material used in the shock absorbing structure of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing an impact test apparatus used in Examples and Comparative Examples.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged explanatory view showing an arrangement state of a shock absorbing material in FIG. 11;

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shock absorbing material (i) 2 Through-hole 3 Partition wall 4 Superstructure 5 Substructure 6 Bearing member 7 Fall prevention wall (steel bracket, concrete block, etc.) 8 Bracket 9 Rail 10 Falling object 11 Fixed base 12 Load cell 13 Accelerometer 14 Laser displacement meter 21 Shock absorber (ii) 22 Connecting cable 23 Nut 24 Support plate 25 Protective cover 26 Superstructure 27 Road 28 Substructure

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Tadashi Kanno 1-4-1 Tadao, Machida, Tokyo Inside the Japan Highway Public Corporation Testing Laboratory (72) Inventor Hiroshi Ishida 1-4-1 Tadao, Machida, Tokyo Nippon Road Inside the Japan Testing Laboratory (72) Inventor Satoshi Kamata 2-1-1 Katata, Otsu-shi, Shiga Toyo Boseki Research Institute (72) Inventor Yujiro Matsuyama 2-1-1 Katata, Otsu-shi, Shiga Toyobo (72) Inventor Yoshio Araki 2-1-1 Katata, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Toyobo Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Seiji Negishi 2-1-1 Katata, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Toyobo Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Chisato Nonomura 2-1-1 Katata, Otsu-shi, Shiga Prefecture Toyobo Co., Ltd.

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. A jig for connecting a superstructure between a superstructure, a superstructure-substructure, a substructure having a fall prevention wall, and a superstructure, or a superstructure between the superstructures or a superstructure-substructure. A shock absorbing structure for a bridge, wherein the shock absorbing material is formed of a material having a bending elastic modulus of 200 kgf / cm ² or more, and has a wall structure in the direction of impact load. The bridge has a shock absorbing structure. 2. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the wall structure of the shock absorbing material absorbs the shock by compressive deformation, buckling deformation or permanent deformation by the shock. 3. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing material has a large number of wall structures in a direction of a shock load. 4. The shock absorbing material according to claim 1, wherein the wall structure has a small room structure connected to at least a part of a surface in a shock load direction and isolated in a shock load direction. A shock absorbing structure as described in Crab. 5. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing material has a compression energy absorption amount of 50 tf · m / m ³ or more when compressed in a shock load direction. 6. The shock-absorbing material has a flexural modulus of 500-2.
Shock absorbing structure according to claim 1 which is a resin of 0,000kgf / cm ^2. 7. The shock absorbing material has a flexural modulus of 5,000.
shock absorbing structure according to claim 1, which is constituted by kgf / cm ² or more metals. 8. The shock absorbing material has a structure in which, when a shock load is applied to the shock absorbing material, a specific portion of the wall structure in the direction of the shock load in the shock absorbing material is deformed first. 8. The shock absorbing structure according to any one of claims 7 to 7. 9. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 8, wherein the specific portion is a defective portion, a step portion, or a thin portion provided in a wall structure. 10. The small room structure according to claim 4, wherein the small room structure has a repeating structure of small rooms having a polygonal shape having a cross section perpendicular to the shock absorbing direction and having a hexagonal shape or less. Shock absorbing structure. 11. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 10, wherein a shape of a cross section perpendicular to the shock absorbing direction in the small room structure is a hexagonal honeycomb structure. 12. The plateau strength of the shock absorbing material is 400t.
f / m ² or more, and the compression energy absorption amount is 200 tf · m
^3. The impact absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the impact absorbing material has a cylindrical wall structure in a direction of impact load. 13. The shock-absorbing material has a flexural modulus of 200 to 200.
13. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 12, comprising a resin of 5,000 kgf / cm ² . 14. The shock absorbing material has a flexural modulus of 5,000.
13. A material made of a metal of not less than kgf / cm ^2.
2. The shock absorbing structure according to 1. 15. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 12, wherein the shock absorbing material has a flange. 16. The shock absorbing material has a structure in which, when a shock load is applied to the shock absorbing material, a specific portion of the wall structure in the direction of the shock load in the shock absorbing material is deformed first. 16. The shock absorbing structure according to any one of 15. 17. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 12, wherein the shock absorbing material has a defective portion or a thin portion in the wall structure in the direction of the impact load. 18. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 12, wherein the shock absorbing material has a bellows structure. 19. The shock-absorbing structure according to claim 12, wherein the shock-absorbing material is provided at an end of a jig connecting the superstructure or the superstructure-substructure. 20. The shock absorbing structure according to claim 19, wherein the jig is inserted through the shock absorbing material. 21. The jig is a connecting cable.
2. The shock absorbing structure according to 1.