JPH11349956A - Carbonization of waste and carbonization equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for carbonizing wastes and to provide a carbonizing equipment, each capable of resolving the problems of dioxins derived from the treatment of the wastes and effectively utilizing the wastes. SOLUTION: This method for carbonizing wastes comprises supplying, from the outside, a combustible gas to a carbonization chamber filled with the wastes, and conducting the dry distillation and carbonization of the wastes. In this method, the gas discharged from the carbonization chamber during the dry distillation and carbonization is burned and the heat of combustion thus obtained is used as a thermal source for the dry distillation and carbonization. Furthermore, in this method, after the wastes are previously placed in a combustible gas and/or an inert gas-filled chamber 12a and the air existing among the wastes is removed, the wastes thus obtained are transferred into the carbonization chamber 17 in an atmosphere of the combustible gas and/or the inert gas and subjected to dry distillation and carbonization. The other objective carbonization equipment is preferably used for this carbonization method.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a carbonization method and a carbonization device for a waste which can solve the problem of dioxins caused by the treatment of the waste and can effectively utilize the waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an incineration method is generally employed as a method for treating combustible waste such as municipal waste, sewage sludge or sludge deposited in rivers (hereinafter also referred to as waste). However, dioxins inevitably generated by the incineration process remain in the incineration ash and are discharged accompanying the combustion exhaust gas, and in recent years it has been taken up as a very serious pollution problem, and as a result, It has become an administrative problem for the disposal of waste such as urban garbage.

[0003] It is said that dioxins are produced by a chemical reaction between a chlorine component contained in waste to be treated and oxygen contained in air required for combustion. The chlorine component present in the waste is mainly due to chlorine compounds such as vinyl chloride resin, but it is practically extremely difficult to completely eliminate this chlorine component before incineration. It was a factor that delayed the resolution.

[0004] Generally, incineration of waste is carried out by bringing waste and air into contact with each other at a high temperature and burning them. In this case, in order to suppress the generation of dioxins in the combustion exhaust gas. Is to constantly maintain the combustion temperature stable at about 850 ° C or higher, rapidly cool the flue gas to about 250 ° C or less, and install a trapping device for collecting and removing dioxins contained in the flue gas. Countermeasures such as the combined use are considered indispensable.

However, in a small-scale treatment facility in which continuous operation is not possible day and night, in order to satisfy the above-mentioned conditions, not only is it difficult to maintain a stable high combustion temperature, but also the equipment becomes complicated. There is. Not only in small-scale treatment facilities, it is not only difficult to secure a landfill for incineration ash when incinerating waste, but also landfilling incineration ash with residual dioxins is a pollution problem. Become.

On the other hand, as a method of treating incinerated ash, the incinerated ash is melted and solidified to reduce the volume, or is solidified with concrete or the like to prevent scattering and outflow, and then dumped in a place where special consideration is given. However, these processing methods have a problem that a large cost is required. On the other hand, besides general incineration methods,
A method of heating and melting at a high temperature is also known. Although this method has an advantage that its volume can be reduced by melting and solidifying, it has high equipment and operating costs and cannot be said to be versatile.

[0007] Further, as another method which can be compared with the present invention, a method of carbonizing waste is known. In this case, in the conventional carbonization method, dry distillation is performed in an atmosphere in which the atmosphere is shut off or in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen so that a combustion reaction does not occur.

However, simply by such a method, oxygen cannot be completely eliminated, and dioxins in carbides aimed at by the present invention cannot be reduced to the utmost to make them harmless.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, solves the problem of dioxins caused by waste disposal, and enables waste to be effectively used. It is an object of the present invention to provide a carbonizing method and a carbonizing apparatus.

[0010]

A first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a combustible gas is supplied from the outside to a carbonization chamber filled with waste, and the waste is carbonized and carbonized. Is the way. In the above-mentioned first invention, it is preferable that the gas discharged from the carbonization chamber during the above-mentioned dry distillation and carbonization is burned, and the obtained combustion heat be used as a heat source for the above-mentioned dry distillation and carbonization (the first invention). First preferred embodiment).

In this case, part or all of the gas discharged from the carbonization chamber is temporarily stored in a gas storage container,
The gas after storage may be used for the combustion described above. Further, in the first invention described above, after removing the chlorine content in the gas discharged from the carbonization chamber during the above-mentioned carbonization and carbonization, the gas is burned, and the resulting combustion heat is converted into the above-mentioned carbonization and carbonization. It is more preferable to use it as a heat source (second preferred embodiment of the first invention).

[0012] In this case, a part or all of the gas from which chlorine has been removed may be temporarily stored in a gas storage container, and the stored gas may be used for the above-described combustion. Further, the first invention described above, and a first preferred embodiment of the first invention,
In a second preferred embodiment, the waste is stored in advance in a flammable gas and / or inert gas filling chamber, and after removing air in the waste gap, the obtained waste is flammable. It is preferable that the waste be transferred to a carbonization chamber in an atmosphere of a neutral gas and / or an inert gas and subjected to dry distillation and carbonization of the waste (third preferred embodiment of the first invention).

Further, in the first invention and the first and second preferred embodiments of the first invention, the waste is immersed in a liquid in advance, and After removing the air, the resulting waste is transferred to a carbonization chamber in an atmosphere of flammable gas and / or inert gas,
It is preferable to perform carbonization and carbonization of the waste (fourth preferred embodiment of the first invention).

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a carbonization chamber 17 for carbonizing and carbonizing waste is connected to an inlet 17a of the carbonization chamber 17.
Waste loading chamber 12 for loading waste into carbonization chamber 17
And a carbide discharge chamber 22 for receiving a carbide connected to an outlet 17b of the carbonization chamber 17 and a combustible gas supply pipe 15 for supplying a combustible gas into the carbonization chamber 17. Waste carbonization equipment.

In the second aspect of the present invention, the waste carbonizing device further burns the carbonized room exhaust gas discharged from the carbonized room 17 to indirectly heat the carbonized room 17. It is preferable to have a carbonization chamber heating device 28 (first preferred embodiment of the second invention). In addition, the second
In the first preferred embodiment of the invention, the waste carbonizing apparatus further includes waste moving means 16 for moving waste from the inlet 17a to the outlet 17b of the carbonizing chamber 17 in the carbonizing chamber 17. The flammable gas supply pipe 15 is connected to the outlet 17b side of the coking chamber 17, and the supply pipe 20 for feeding the coking chamber exhaust gas discharged from the coking chamber 17 to the coking chamber heating device 28 includes:
Preferably, the waste carbonization device is connected to the inlet 17a side of the carbonization chamber 17 (a second preferred embodiment of the second invention).

In the first invention, the first to fourth preferred embodiments of the first invention, the fourth preferred embodiment, the second invention, the first preferred embodiment of the second invention, and the second preferred embodiment, Preferably, the combustible gas has a low calorific value of 3000 kcal / Nm ^3.
Or more, more preferably 5500kcal / Nm ³ or more, more preferably it is preferred to use a 8000kcal / Nm ³ or more combustible gases.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment method and a waste treatment apparatus which solve the problems associated with waste treatment and enable effective use of waste. It is a carbide that does not contain carbon, and the effective use of waste is measured.

The present invention can be used as a carbonizing method and a carbonizing apparatus for combustible waste such as municipal waste, sewage sludge, and combustible industrial waste, and sludge deposited on rivers and estuaries. In the present invention, the above-described combustible waste, sludge, or a mixture thereof is collectively referred to as waste. The present inventor has reported that dioxins are compounds consisting of chlorine, oxygen, and hydrogen, and dioxins contain chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen in air when waste is exposed to high temperatures. And the oxygen contained in the waste.

As a result, by removing all oxygen, a carbide containing no dioxins was successfully produced. Hereinafter, the present invention is described as [I] a method of carbonizing waste (first invention), and [II] a carbonization apparatus of waste (second invention).
Will be described in this order. [I] Waste carbonization method (first invention): Generally, not only a large amount of air (in other words, oxygen) exists in the gaps between the wastes, but also the wastes themselves Also contains oxygen, and when this oxygen is exposed to high temperatures, it reacts with chlorine and hydrogen mixed in the waste to produce dioxins.

Most of the large amount of air in the gap between the wastes can be replaced and removed by blowing an inert gas such as nitrogen. It is not possible to efficiently and completely remove the oxygen present in the gap in a short time, and it is impossible to remove the oxygen contained in the waste itself.

Furthermore, it is practically impossible to remove oxygen from waste in an environment simply isolated from air. That is, the above method cannot completely prevent the generation of dioxins. [First invention:] The first invention is a method of carbonizing waste, in which a combustible gas is supplied from the outside to a carbonization chamber filled with waste to dry-distill and carbonize the waste.

In the first invention, in order to prevent the generation of dioxins by propagating and carbonizing waste such as combustible waste in a substantially complete oxygen-free atmosphere, propane is introduced into a carbonization chamber filled with waste. Supply flammable gas such as gas (reducing gas). That is, according to the above-described method, oxygen (atmosphere) in the gap between the carbonization chamber and the waste.
, Replace and remove trace amounts of residual oxygen, and reduce and remove oxygen and oxygenated compounds generated by the decomposition of combustible waste at high temperatures with combustible gas to form a near ideal oxygen-free atmosphere I do.

The waste which has been carbonized at a high temperature in an atmosphere of such a flammable gas becomes harmless carbide containing no dioxins, and the obtained carbide is used as a fuel or as a soil improvement material, a roadbed material, a filter material, a fertilizer. It can be effectively used in various fields and contains no dioxins, so it can be discarded as it is in some cases. [First preferred embodiment of the first invention, second preferred embodiment:] A first preferred embodiment of the first invention is a combustion heat obtained by burning gas discharged from a carbonization chamber during carbonization and carbonization. Is a carbonization method for wastes used as a heat source for carbonization and carbonization.

In a second preferred embodiment of the first invention, after removing the chlorine content in the gas discharged from the carbonization chamber during carbonization and carbonization, the gas is burned, and the resulting combustion heat is subjected to carbonization and carbonization. Is a method of carbonizing waste used as a heat source. The combustible gas supplied to secure the reducing atmosphere in the carbonization chamber is discharged as a mixed gas together with the dry distillation gas generated from the combustible waste, and this mixed gas is flammable, By burning the gas, it can be effectively used as a heat source required for carbonization and carbonization, and since this combustion is performed stably at high temperatures, the generation of dioxins in the exhaust gas generated by combustion can be significantly reduced. ,
In addition, there are many advantages such as generation of offensive odor and smoke.

That is, according to the first preferred embodiment and the second preferred embodiment of the first invention, it is possible to obtain a pollution-free and effectively usable carbide containing no dioxins and to reduce the exhaust gas of the carbonization chamber. The generation of dioxins can be suppressed by high-temperature combustion, and the problem of dioxins caused by waste treatment can be solved. The method of forming a non-oxidizing atmosphere using flammable gas, dry-distilling waste, and carbonizing is different from using inert gas such as nitrogen gas.
Since the gas itself is flammable, the calorific value of the mixed gas of the combustible gas and the carbonization gas discharged from the carbonization chamber is large, and high-temperature combustion is possible when burning the mixed gas, thereby reducing the generation of dioxins. It has the advantage that it can be suppressed.

Further, even when removing harmful components in the mixed gas before combustion, the volume of the mixed gas does not increase significantly due to the inert gas, so that the harmful component removing device may be small in size. Having. Removing harmful components in the mixed gas discharged during carbonization before combustion requires a far greater volume of gas to handle than conventional methods of removing harmful components in flue gas. In addition, the temperature of the gas to be handled can be easily adjusted, which leads to simplification and miniaturization of the removing device.

In particular, when a large amount of chlorine compounds is contained in the waste, removing the chlorine components contained in the carbonization gas in the form of hydrochloric acid before combustion prevents the generation of dioxins during combustion. This is extremely effective for achieving exhaust gas purification. The combustible gas (reducing gas) of the present invention used for dry distillation of carbonized waste and carbon atmosphere securing is preferably a readily available and inexpensive fuel gas containing carbon and hydrogen in its molecular structure. is there.

Further, as the combustible gas in the present invention, it is more preferable to use a combustible gas containing carbon and hydrogen in a molecular structure and containing no oxygen in the molecular structure. Although it is conceivable to use hydrogen as a flammable gas, hydrogen is expensive, difficult to obtain in large quantities, and difficult to handle due to the limit of explosion.

As the combustible gas in the present invention, when combustible gas and carbonization gas discharged from a carbonization chamber, which is a mixed gas of carbonization gas, are burned, and the resulting combustion heat is used as a heat source for carbonization and carbonization, high-temperature combustion is performed. In order to achieve this and prevent the generation of dioxins, it is preferable to use a flammable gas having a high calorific value. That is, as the flammable gas in the present invention, low calorific value (: true calorific value) is 3000 kcal / Nm ³ or more, more preferably 5500 kcal / Nm ³ or more, further preferably,
It is preferable to use a combustible gas of 8000 kcal / Nm ³ or more.

This is because the calorific value of the generated carbonized gas itself is reduced during the carbonization and carbonization of waste containing water and inorganic substances, and when a combustible gas having a low calorific value of less than 3000 kcal / Nm ³ is used, This is because the calorific value of the exhaust gas in the coking chamber decreases, and high-temperature combustion cannot be achieved. For the reasons described above, it is preferable to use a gas containing a hydrocarbon represented by the molecular formula: C _n H _{2n + 2} as the combustible gas in the present invention, and propane and / or butane in a total concentration, preferably
14 vol% or more (: low calorific value ≧ 3050 kcal / Nm ³ ), more preferably 26 vol% or more (: low calorific value ≧ 5663 kcal / Nm ³ ), still more preferably 37 vol% or more (: low calorific value ≧ 8059 kcal / N)
It is preferable to use a gas containing m ³ ).

[Third preferred embodiment of the first invention:] In a third preferred embodiment of the first invention, the waste is stored in advance in a flammable gas and / or inert gas filling chamber, and the waste is disposed. After the air in the material gap is removed, the obtained waste is transferred to a carbonization chamber in an atmosphere of a combustible gas and / or an inert gas, and the waste is carbonized by a carbonization method of the waste. is there.

As a method for storing the above-mentioned waste in a combustible gas and / or inert gas filling chamber, as shown in FIG. 1 described later, the waste is moved in the above-mentioned filling chamber. It is also possible to use a method of transferring to a carbonization chamber. In a fourth preferred aspect of the first invention, the waste is immersed in a liquid in advance and the air in the waste gap is removed, and then the obtained waste is subjected to a combustible gas and / or an inert gas. This is a waste carbonization method in which the waste is transferred to a carbonization chamber in a gas atmosphere and subjected to dry distillation and carbonization of the waste.

According to the third preferred embodiment, more preferably, the fourth preferred embodiment of the first invention, oxygen (atmosphere) in the gap between the wastes can be removed, and the generation of dioxin can be further reduced. This can be prevented. According to the waste carbonization method of the first invention described above, as shown in the examples described below, the waste is converted into a harmless carbide containing no dioxins, and the fuel, the soil improvement material, the roadbed material, the filtration It can be used in various fields as wood, fertilizer, etc.

Further, according to the first to fourth preferred embodiments of the first invention, it is possible to completely prevent the production of dioxins, which is the object of the present invention, and to treat waste. became. Next, a waste carbonizing apparatus suitably used in the present invention will be described. [II] Waste carbonization device (second invention): FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of the carbonization device of the present invention for continuously carbonizing waste.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 11 denotes a waste input pit;
Is a waste loading chamber for loading waste into the carbonization chamber 17,
12a and 12b are filled with flammable gas and / or inert gas.
Filling chambers, 13 and 23 are liquid chambers storing liquids such as water, 13l, 23
l is a liquid such as water, 14 is a conveyor or other waste
For transporting waste, 14a and 24a use skirt play
G, 15 is a flammable gas (reducing gas) supply pipe, 16 is charcoal
Waste is discharged from the inlet 17a of the carbonization chamber 17 in the gasification chamber 17.
Waste transfer means to 17b, screw 16a,
16b is a screw drive, 17 is a carbonization chamber (: dry distillation / carbonization
), 17a is the inlet of the carbonization chamber 17, 17b is the outlet of the carbonization chamber 17,
18 is a heating furnace, 19 is a burner, 20 is a carbonization chamber exhaust gas (: dry distillation
Gas and flammable gas mixture)
Piping for supplying oxygen-containing gas for combustion to
To accept carbide connected to outlet 17b
Discharge chamber, 22a is the discharge of carbide from the carbide discharge chamber 22.
Mouth (skirt part of carbide discharge chamber 22), 24 is a conveyor
Carbide transport means for discharging carbide out of the system, 25
Exhaust gas cooling condenser for carbonization chamber (hereinafter also referred to as gas cooling condenser)
And 26 are pipes for supplying inert gas such as nitrogen, and 27 is a carbonization chamber
Exhaust gas cleaning device (hereinafter also referred to as gas cleaning device), 28
Coking room heating equipment consisting of burner 19 and heating furnace 18
, 29 is a blower for pressurizing exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber, 30 is combustion
Exhaust gas exhaust duct, 31 is an inert gas exhaust pipe, 32 is a valve,
f₁Is the waste transport direction, f_TwoIs the supply of flammable gas (transmission
Feed direction, f_ThreeIs the supply direction of the inert gas, f_FourIs carbide
Transport direction, f _FiveIs the feed direction of the carbonization chamber exhaust gas, f₆Is
The direction of discharge of the inert gas is shown.

Hereinafter, the structure and functions of the carbonizing apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 will be described. (Waste loading room 12 :) The waste loading room 12 is used to immerse waste in liquid to remove air in the waste gap,
The atmosphere gas in 17 is configured to be shielded from the atmosphere. That is, a waste input pit 11 for inputting waste and a waste loading room for charging waste disposed adjacent to the pit 11 into the carbonization chamber 17 (hereinafter also referred to as a loading room). )
12 and an opening connection at the lower part, and the connection part is a charging room
A liquid 13l such as water is filled and sealed to isolate the inside of the chamber 12 from the atmosphere.

The charging chamber 12 includes a reducing gas and / or inert gas charging chamber 12a (hereinafter also referred to as a charging chamber front part 12a) and a reducing gas and / or an inert gas communicating with the charging chamber 12a.
Alternatively, it is constituted by an inert gas filling chamber 12b (hereinafter also referred to as a charging chamber rear part 12b). That is, at the time of purging in the system of the carbonization apparatus, the front part 12a of the charging chamber and the rear part 12b of the charging chamber are filled with inert gas, and at the time of carbonization of waste and carbonization, flammable gas is filled. In such cases, a mixed gas of both is filled.

Further, the waste input pit 11, the front part of the loading room.
A waste transfer means 14 for transferring waste is disposed between the transfer means 12a and the loading chamber rear portion 12b.
Of the waste supply pit 11
13l, the waste discharge side of the waste transport means 14 is higher than the liquid level of the liquid chamber 13 in the front part 12a of the charging chamber and the rear part of the charging chamber.
Located within 12b.

In the present invention, as a post-process of the waste conveying means 14, a waste pressing device is provided, and squeezing out the liquid adhering to the waste is also effective for increasing the carbonization speed. (Carbide discharge chamber 22 :) At the outlet side of the carbonization chamber 17, there is connected a carbide discharge chamber (hereinafter also referred to as a discharge chamber) 22 for receiving carbide carbonized at a high temperature in the carbonization chamber 17, and the discharge chamber is provided.
The skirt portion 22a of 22 is immersed in a liquid 23l filled in a liquid chamber 23, and is liquid-sealed to isolate the discharge chamber 22 from the atmosphere.

In the liquid chamber 23, there is provided a carbide conveying means 24 for discharging carbide falling into the liquid from the discharge chamber 22 to the outside of the system. Further, the combustible gas supply pipe 15 and the inert gas supply pipe 26 are connected to the carbide discharge chamber 22,
At the time of purging the inside of the system of the carbonization apparatus, the carbide discharge chamber 22 is filled with an inert gas, and at the time of dry distillation and carbonization of waste, it is filled with a combustible gas.

At the time of carbonization and carbonization of waste, flammable gas is
Along with the gas generated by the carbonization of the waste, the gas flows in the carbonization chamber 17 in a counterflow with respect to the moving direction of the waste,
It is fed to the waste loading chamber 12 on the inlet 17a side of the carbonization chamber 17. [Second invention:] As described above, the waste carbonization apparatus of the second invention is a carbonization chamber for carbonizing and carbonizing waste.
A waste charging chamber 12 connected to an inlet 17a of the carbonization chamber 17 for charging waste into the carbonization chamber 17;
This is a waste carbonization device having a carbide discharge chamber 22 for receiving carbide connected to an outlet 17b of 17 and a flammable gas supply pipe 15 for supplying flammable gas into the carbonization chamber 17.

In the waste carbonizing apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the waste charging chamber 12 includes a liquid chamber 13 for immersing the waste in a liquid 13l. The flammable gas and / or inert gas filling chambers 12a and 12b disposed above the liquid chamber 13 and the waste immersed in the liquid 13l of the liquid chamber 13 are combustible gas and / or inert gas. Filling room
It has a transfer means 14 for transferring to the carbonization chamber 17 via 12a and 12b, and the entire opening of the carbide outlet 22a from the carbide discharge chamber 22 is disposed in the liquid 23l of the liquid chamber 23. Is more preferred.

According to the above-described carbonization apparatus, the waste charging room
12. By providing the carbide discharge chamber 22, it is possible to make the inside of the carbonization chamber 17 an oxygen-free atmosphere and eliminate any oxygen brought into the carbonization chamber by waste. This is because, by shutting off the inside of the waste charging chamber 12 and the inside of the carbide discharging chamber 22 from the atmosphere by, for example, liquid sealing as described above, the inside of the carbonizing chamber 17 becomes an oxygen-free atmosphere, and the waste enters the carbonizing chamber. This is because it is easy to eliminate any oxygen brought in.

The method of shutting off the atmosphere in the waste charging chamber 12 and the atmosphere in the charcoal discharge chamber 22 in the above-described carbonization apparatus is not limited to the above-mentioned liquid ring, and other methods may be used. It is possible. That is, as a waste charging method, for example, a front room that can be shut off front and rear by a gate, a door, or the like is provided at the front of the waste charging room 12, and waste is charged into the front room, After replacing the atmosphere with the inert gas, the waste may be transferred into the waste charging chamber 12 in an inert gas and / or flammable gas atmosphere.

As a method of discharging the carbide, for example, a rear chamber that can be shut off by a gate, a door, or the like is provided at the rear of the carbide discharge chamber 22, and the rear chamber is set to an inert gas atmosphere. It is also possible to use a method in which the carbide is transported from 22 into the rear chamber, the rear chamber and the carbide discharge chamber 22 are shut off, and then the carbide is carried out of the system, which is in the atmosphere.

(Carbonization chamber heating device 28 :) As described above,
The carbonization apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIG.
Waste transfer means 16 moving from the entrance 17a to the exit 17b
A combustible gas supply pipe 15 is connected to the carbide discharge chamber 22, and during the carbonization of the waste and carbonization, the combustible gas is supplied to the carbonization chamber 17 together with the gas generated during the carbonization of the waste. Circulates countercurrent to the direction of waste movement,
It is fed to the waste loading chamber 12 on the inlet 17a side of the carbonization chamber 17.

An upper part of the waste charging chamber 12 is connected to a feed pipe 20 for the carbonization chamber exhaust gas for guiding the carbonization chamber exhaust gas discharged from the carbonization chamber 17 to the burner 19. 20
In the middle of the process, there is provided a carbonization chamber exhaust gas cooling condenser 25 for cooling, condensing, and removing moisture and other harmful substances contained in the carbonization chamber exhaust gas before combustion.

Further, at the downstream end of the feed pipe 20,
A burner 19 is provided for burning the carbonization chamber exhaust gas with an oxygen-containing gas such as air. The burner 19 is burned in a heating furnace 18 surrounded by a furnace wall 18a made of refractory and heat-insulating bricks, and the heat generated by the combustion indirectly heats the inside of the carbonization chamber 17 as shown in the figure. The combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the carbonization chamber exhaust gas, which is a mixed gas of the combustible gas and the carbonization gas, is discharged from the heating furnace 18 to the outside by the combustion exhaust gas exhaust duct 30.

[First Preferred Embodiment, Second Preferred Embodiment of Second Invention] As described above, in the first preferred embodiment of the second invention, the carbonization device for waste is further provided with a carbonization device. This is a waste carbonization apparatus having a carbonization chamber heating device 28 for burning the carbonization chamber exhaust gas discharged from the chamber 17 and indirectly heating the carbonization chamber 17. Further, in a second preferred embodiment of the second invention, the waste carbonizing device further includes a waste moving means 16 for moving the waste from the inlet 17a to the outlet 17b of the carbonizing chamber 17 in the carbonizing chamber 17. In addition, a flammable gas supply pipe 15 is connected to the outlet 17b side of the coking chamber 17, and a supply pipe 20 for feeding the coking chamber exhaust gas discharged from the coking chamber 17 to the coking chamber heating device.
This is a waste carbonization device connected to the inlet 17a side of the carbonization chamber 17.

According to the first preferred embodiment of the second invention described above, not only can the exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber be used as a heat source for dry distillation and carbonization of waste, but also the combustible gas discharged from the carbonization chamber and the dry distillation A large amount of heat is generated from the mixed gas with the gas, and high-temperature combustion is possible when the mixed gas is burned, and it is possible to completely prevent the generation of dioxins, which is the object of the present invention, and to treat waste. became.

Further, according to the second preferred embodiment of the above second invention, the mixed gas of the combustible gas and the gas generated during the dry distillation in the moving direction of the waste is supplied into the carbonization chamber 17. The counterflow makes it possible to dry and preheat the undried waste by the heat of the carbonization chamber exhaust gas, not only to improve the thermal efficiency of the carbonization apparatus, but also to reduce the carbonization chamber exhaust gas. The discharge temperature can be lowered, and the after-treatment of the carbonization chamber exhaust gas described below is facilitated.

The waste moving means 16 in the second preferred embodiment of the second invention is limited to the waste moving means comprising a screw 16a and a screw drive 16b shown in FIG. It is possible to use a moving great method or the like, and the method is not limited. When the carbonization chamber is disposed vertically, a discharge device provided at the outlet of the carbonization chamber may be used.

[Carbonization Chamber Exhaust Gas Treatment Apparatus] As described above, the carbonization chamber shown in FIG. 1 is provided with the carbonization chamber exhaust gas cooling condenser (gas cooling condenser) 25. As shown in FIG. 1, it is also preferable to provide a carbonization chamber exhaust gas cleaning device (: gas cleaning device) 27 to clean the carbonization chamber exhaust gas.

This is because when the content of chlorine compounds in the waste is large, the gas cleaning device 27 removes the chlorine compounds such as hydrogen chloride in the exhaust gas of the coking chamber, and dioxins in burning the exhaust gas of the coking chamber. This is because the occurrence of phenomena can be suppressed. In addition, as a gas-liquid contact system of the gas cleaning device 27, a system such as a packed tower, a spray tower, a bubble tower, a wet wall tower, or the like can be used.

Water and / or a non-chlorine organic solvent (an organic solvent not containing chlorine) can be used as the liquid (cleaning liquid) to be brought into contact with the exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber.
For example, if both hydrogen chloride and organic chlorine compounds are contained in the carbonization chamber exhaust gas, a gas cleaning device using water as a cleaning liquid and a gas cleaning device using a non-chlorine-based organic solvent as a cleaning liquid should be arranged in series. Is preferred.

Further, depending on the type of chlorine compound in the exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber, a petroleum-based liquid fuel such as kerosene or light oil can be used as the non-chlorine-based organic solvent.
When a non-chlorine-based organic solvent is used as the cleaning liquid, no environmental problem arises because the organic solvent is burned when the exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber is burned. In the present invention, after performing the heat recovery of the exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber, the gas may be introduced into the gas cooling condenser 25 and the gas cleaning device 27 described above.

[Atmospheric gas in the carbonization device:] Front of charging room
12a, the rear part 12b of the charging chamber, the carbonization chamber 17, the carbide discharge chamber 22, etc. are all maintained in an oxygen-free atmosphere or a high-temperature oxygen-free reducing atmosphere filled with combustible gas supplied from the combustible gas supply pipe 15. The space between each chamber and the outside air (atmosphere) is reliably shut off by liquids 13l and 23l.

The liquids 13l, 23l filled in the liquid chambers 13, 23
May be water or, in some cases, a liquid used as fuel, such as kerosene. At the start of the operation and at the time of the operation stop, the supply of the flammable gas from the flammable gas supply pipe 15 is stopped, and an inert gas such as a nitrogen gas supplied from the inert gas supply pipe 26 is supplied to each room. Completely purge existing air, combustible gas, carbonization gas, etc. to prevent explosion.

[Waste Carbonization Method] In the carbonization apparatus shown in FIG.
After that, the waste is transported to the loading chamber front part 12a by passing through the liquid 13l of the liquid chamber 13 by the waste transport means 14, and in this process, all the air present in the gaps of the waste is removed. You.

The waste from which air has been removed is transferred by a waste transport means 14 to a charging chamber rear portion 12b connected to the charging chamber front portion 12a and at the upper portion, and is screwed by a screw 16a to a carbonizing chamber.
It is charged in 17. Screw 16a is used to remove waste
Pressurized inside 17 and by the stirring action of the screw,
The waste is uniformly brought into contact with the inner wall surface of the carbonization chamber 17 to carbonize the waste uniformly.

That is, the waste is discharged in the carbonization chamber 17.
High-temperature dry distillation is performed under an atmosphere of a flammable gas supplied from a flammable gas (: reducing gas) supply pipe 15 connected to an upper portion of the carbide discharge chamber 22 to form carbide. After the carbonization produced by carbonization and carbonization passes through the carbide discharge chamber 22, the liquid chamber 23
After being dropped into 23 l of liquid and cooled,
It is taken out of the system by 24.

The removed carbide is formed into fine powder, granules or other desired shapes as required, and is used for each purpose. On the other hand, the combustible gas supplied from the outlet side of the carbonization chamber 17 flows through the inside of the carbonization chamber 17, becomes a mixed gas together with the dry distillation gas generated in the carbonization chamber 17, flows to the inlet side of the carbonization chamber 17, and Exhaust gas is supplied to the above-mentioned carbonization chamber
It is sent to 28 and used for heating the carbonization chamber 17.

According to the above-described waste carbonizing apparatus of the present invention, the entire system of the carbonizing apparatus is made to have an oxygen-free atmosphere,
A flammable gas supply pipe for supplying flammable gas into the carbonization chamber is provided, which makes it possible to dry-distill and carbonize waste in an oxygen-free and flammable gas atmosphere. From non-polluting waste that contains no dioxins can be obtained.

Further, when chlorine components are contained in the carbonized gas during the carbonization of the waste, the carbonized room exhaust gas includes the flammable gas supplied from outside the carbonized room. By burning as a heat source of carbonization, high-temperature combustion can be achieved and generation of dioxins can be suppressed.

[0065]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below more specifically based on examples. FIG. 2 is a side view showing the carbonization / carbonization cylinder used in the present embodiment. In FIG. 2, 1 is a carbonized and carbonized cylinder (hereinafter, referred to as a carbonized cylinder) made of heat-resistant steel for carbonizing and carbonizing waste, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b are flanges, and 4 is a purged carbonized cylinder. nitrogen piping, 5 flammable gas supply pipe, 6 an exhaust pipe, 7 a combustion burner, 8 volts, f ₇ shows the movement direction of the combustion burner 7.

The nitrogen pipe 4 and the flammable gas supply pipe 5 are connected to the opening of the flange 2a on the inlet side of the dry distillation cylinder 1 and supply nitrogen into the dry distillation cylinder through the opening of the flange 2b. Supply. The exhaust pipe 6 is connected to the opening of the flange 3b on the outlet side of the dry distillation cylinder 1, and discharges a mixed gas of the dry distillation gas and the flammable gas flowing out of the opening of the flange 3a.

The combustion burner 7 opens toward the dry distillation cylinder 1, and blows combustion gas onto the outer surface of the dry distillation cylinder 1, and
Heat the outer surface of the. In the present experimental apparatus, first, the flange 2a on the inlet side or the flange 3b on the outlet side of the carbonization cylinder 1 is removed, and waste is charged into the carbonization cylinder 1, and then the flange is attached and sealed again.

Next, a nitrogen gas is supplied from a nitrogen pipe 4,
The atmosphere in the dry distillation cylinder 1 is replaced and removed, and when the oxygen concentration is sufficiently reduced, the flammable gas supply pipe 5 is replaced with nitrogen gas.
And ignites the combustion burner 7. The dry distillation cylinder 1 is heated by the combustion burner 7, and the waste charged therein is carbonized by dry distillation under the condition of an oxygen-free reducing atmosphere.

According to the above-mentioned method, even if a chlorine-containing substance such as vinyl chloride is mixed in the waste, dry distillation and carbonization proceed almost completely in an oxygen-free state and under a reducing atmosphere. Therefore, harmless carbides containing almost no dioxins can be obtained. On the other hand, the carbonization gas generated in the carbonization column 1 may contain chlorine components and malodorous components, which are discharged as a mixed gas together with the combustible gas and the carbonization gas, and the gas mixture is carbonized and carbonized. By using it as a fuel for use, generation of dioxins and generation of offensive odor can be suppressed.

This is because, as described above, by using the above mixed gas as a fuel for carbonization and carbonization, the mixed gas completely burns at a high temperature, and as a result, the generation of dioxins contained in the combustion gas is reduced. This is because, while being suppressed, the malodorous component becomes an odorless component by oxidation. Of course, in order to purify the above-mentioned mixed gas, it is also possible to use a cooling device, a cleaning device, a contact reactor using a catalyst, a filter device, etc. of the existing technology, and the content of chlorine compounds in the waste. Even when the amount is large, the generation of dioxins can be completely prevented by removing the chlorine component in the mixed gas before combustion.

Next, in Table 1, using the dry distillation cylinder 1 described above,
The results of dry distillation and carbonization of a vinyl chloride resin-containing sample by the above method are shown. The sample used was a vinyl chloride resin mixed at a relatively large amount of 25 wt%, except that
The sample has a composition almost similar to that of city garbage, and propane gas was used as a combustible gas (: reducing gas).

As shown in Table 1, the toxic equivalent of all dioxins contained in the carbide obtained by the method of the present invention is 0.00070 ng-TEQ / g. It was clarified that it was extremely small compared to the measured value of the incineration ash that was examined at a number of Incineration Plants from July to October in 2007: 0.0024 to 2.7 ng-TEQ / g. In the above-described embodiment, the experimental results using the dry distillation cylinder 1 shown in FIG. 2 have been described. However, similar effects can be obtained by the waste carbonizing apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIG.

Further, by using a combustible gas having a high calorific value such as propane gas used in the above-described embodiment, the exhaust gas of the carbonization chamber is burned, and the combustion heat is used as a heat source for carbonization of waste and carbonization. High temperature combustion can be achieved, and the problem of dioxins caused by waste treatment can be solved.

[0074]

[Table 1]

[0075]

According to the carbonization method and carbonization apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a pollution-free and non-polluting and effectively usable carbonization from a waste containing a chlorine component by a simple method and apparatus. Can be. Furthermore, even when chlorine components are contained in the carbonized gas when carbonizing the waste, the carbonized room exhaust gas contains flammable gas supplied from outside the carbonized room. As a result, high-temperature combustion can be achieved, and generation of dioxins can be suppressed.

As a result, the carbonization method and the carbonization apparatus of the present invention can replace the conventional and widely used incineration method and incineration apparatus, and the garbage disposal administration,
It can greatly contribute to environmental preservation and energy reduction, and has an extremely large industrial value.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one example of a waste carbonizing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing a carbonization / carbonization cylinder used in Examples.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Carbonization / carbonization cylinder (: Carbonization cylinder) 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b Flange 4 Nitrogen pipe 5 Combustible gas supply pipe 6 Exhaust pipe 7 Combustion burner 11 Waste input pit 12 Waste loading room (: charging room) 12a Combustible gas and / or inert gas filling chamber (: front of charging chamber) 12b Combustible gas and / or inert gas filling chamber (: rear of charging chamber) 13, 23 Liquid containing liquid Chamber 13l, 23l Liquids such as water 14 Waste transport means 14a, 24a Skirt plate 15 Combustible gas (: reducing gas) supply piping 16 Waste transport means 16a Screw 16b Screw drive 17 Carbonization chamber (: dry distillation / carbonization chamber 17a Inlet of the coking chamber 17b Outlet of the coking chamber 18 Heating furnace 19 Burner 20 Pipe for supplying exhaust gas from the coking chamber 21 Oxygen-containing gas supply pipe for combustion 22 Carbide discharge chamber (: discharge chamber) 22a Carbide from the charcoal discharge chamber Outlet (: Skirt of carbide discharge chamber) 24 Carbonized Conveying means 25 Cooling chamber exhaust gas cooling condenser (: gas cooling condenser) 26 Inert gas supply pipe 27 Carbonizing chamber exhaust gas cleaning device (: gas cleaning device) 28 Carbonizing chamber heating device 29 Blower 30 Combustion exhaust gas exhaust duct 31 No transfer direction f ₂ combustible gas supply direction f ₃ feeding direction f ₆ an inert gas in the transport direction f ₅ coking chamber exhaust gas supply direction f ₄ carbides of an inert gas of active gas discharge pipe 32 valve f ₁ waste movement direction of the discharge direction f ₇ combustion burner

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A method for carbonizing waste, comprising supplying a combustible gas from the outside to a carbonization chamber filled with waste and performing dry distillation and carbonization of the waste. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gas discharged from the carbonization chamber during the carbonization and carbonization is burned, and the resulting combustion heat is used as a heat source for the carbonization and carbonization.
The carbonization method of the waste described. 3. After removing the chlorine content in the gas discharged from the carbonization chamber during the above-mentioned dry distillation and carbonization, the gas is burned,
The method for carbonizing waste according to claim 1, wherein the obtained combustion heat is used as a heat source for the carbonization and carbonization. 4. The waste is stored in advance in a flammable gas and / or inert gas filling chamber, and air in the waste gap is removed. The waste is transferred to a carbonization chamber in an atmosphere of an inert gas, and the waste is carbonized and carbonized.
4. The method for carbonizing waste according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. After the waste is immersed in a liquid in advance and air in the waste gap is removed, the obtained waste is subjected to a carbonization chamber in an atmosphere of a combustible gas and / or an inert gas. The carbonization method for waste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the waste is carbonized and carbonized. 6. A carbonization chamber (1) for carbonizing and carbonizing waste.
7), a waste charging chamber (12) connected to an inlet (17a) of the carbonization chamber (17) for charging waste into the carbonization chamber (17),
A carbide discharge chamber (22) for receiving carbide connected to an outlet (17b) of the carbonization chamber (17), and a flammable gas supply pipe for supplying flammable gas into the carbonization chamber (17) ( 15) A carbonization device for waste, comprising: 7. The carbonization device for the waste further burns a carbonization chamber exhaust gas discharged from the carbonization chamber (17),
Coking chamber heating device for indirectly heating the inside of the coking chamber (17)
The waste carbonizing apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the apparatus has (28). 8. The waste carbonization device further comprises a waste carbonization chamber in which the waste is carbonized in the carbonization chamber.
And a waste transfer means (16) moving from the outlet to the outlet (17b), wherein the flammable gas supply pipe (15) is connected to an outlet of the carbonization chamber (17).
A pipe (20) connected to the (17b) side and supplying a carbonization chamber exhaust gas discharged from the carbonization chamber (17) to the carbonization chamber heating device (28)
The carbonization device for waste according to claim 7, wherein the device is connected to the inlet (17a) side of the carbonization chamber (17).