JPH11333441A - Method and apparatus for treating waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the generation of dioxin, etc. SOLUTION: The apparatus comprises a primary crusher 10 for crushing hard solids in a waste; a secondary crusher 30 for crushing relatively soft matters contained in the waste crushed with the primary crusher 10; a pressure pump 70 for sending, under pressure, the waste crushed with the secondary crusher 30; and an extruder 60 having a heater 66 for heating the waste sent with the pressure pump 70 and an extruding screw 63 for kneading the waste. In the primary crusher 10 or the secondary crusher 30, coal is mixed into the waste.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating waste containing water such as garbage, mixed garbage, tea cake, coffee cake, beer cake, soy sauce cake, shochu cake and activated sludge. About.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, waste such as garbage is generally treated by incineration or burial.

[0003]

The incineration and burial method has many problems with environmental hormones caused by dioxin and the like, and has become a serious social problem. In particular, garbage is considered to be one of the causes of generation of dioxins and the like due to low-temperature incineration because most of the garbage is water.

[0004] It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste disposal method and apparatus capable of preventing the generation of dioxins and the like.

[0005]

A first method of the present invention for solving the above problems is to mix coal into waste such as garbage and pulverize it, or to pulverize the waste after pulverizing the waste. The waste is pressurized, heated and kneaded to evaporate water and carbonize.

A second method of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is that, in the above-mentioned first method, polyvinyl alcohol is mixed into the waste in a step before pressurizing, heating and kneading the waste. Features.

[0007] A first apparatus of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems includes a primary crusher for crushing hard solids of waste, and a waste crushed by the primary crusher. A secondary pulverizer for pulverizing relatively soft material, a pressurizing means for pressure-feeding the waste pulverized by the secondary pulverizer, a heating means for heating the waste conveyed by the pressurizing means, and An extruder having kneading means for kneading;
It is characterized in that coal is mixed into waste in a secondary or secondary pulverizer.

[0008] A second apparatus of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is the first apparatus, wherein the first or second crusher mixes polyvinyl alcohol into waste. Features.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, a primary pulverizer 10 for pulverizing hard solid waste, a secondary pulverizer 30 for pulverizing relatively soft material such as a film,
The extruder 60 is provided with an extruder 60 for evaporating water by heating and kneading to carbonize the water, and a pressure pump 70 for feeding the waste pulverized by the secondary pulverizer 30 to the extruder 60.

The primary crusher 10 has a structure as shown in FIG. At an upper portion of the tank body 11, a hopper 12 for charging waste is provided. Hopper 12
Gears 13 and 14 meshing with each other are provided below the, and one of the gears 13 is driven to rotate by a motor (not shown) provided outside the tank body 11. Gear 1
A rotating shaft 15 is disposed vertically below the lower and upper ends 3 and 14, and a lower end of the rotating shaft 15 is rotatably supported by a bearing 16 fixed to a bottom plate of the tank body 11. Rotary axis 1
The lower end of 5 is connected to the output shaft of motor 17.
A plurality of cutter blades 18 are fixed to the rotating shaft 15, and a hammer 19 is fixed to a tip of the cutter blade 18. A pipe 20 is attached to a bottom plate of the tank body 11, and the pipe 20 extends to an inlet of the secondary crusher 30 (see FIGS. 1 and 2).

The secondary crusher 30 has a structure as shown in FIG. A pipe 32 extends vertically through the bottom plate of the tank body 31, and the pipe 32 is rotatably supported by a bearing 33 fixed to the bottom plate of the tank body 31. A pulley 34 is fixed to a lower portion of the pipe 32. A motor 35 is fixed to the tank body 31, and a pulley 36 is fixed to an output shaft of the motor 35. A belt 37 is stretched between the pulleys 34 and 36. The lower end of the pipe 32 is connected to a pipe 39 via a rotary joint 38.
The pipe 39 is connected to an input port 67 of the extruder 60 via a pressure pump 70 as shown in FIG.

A lower mortar 40 having a mortar-shaped upper surface is fixed to the upper end of the pipe 32, and a rubber sealing plate is provided on the outer periphery of the lower mortar 40 so as to eliminate a gap with the inner wall of the tank body 31. 41 is fixed. A conical upper mortar 42 having a larger inclination angle than the lower mortar 40 is disposed directly above the lower mortar 40.
The rotating shaft 43 is fixed to the upper surface of the second member 2. Rotating shaft 43
Is rotatably supported by a bearing 44, and the bearing 44 is fixed to a support plate 45 fixed to the upper surface of the tank body 31. A pulley 46 is fixed to the upper end of the rotating shaft 43.

A motor 47 is fixed to the tank body 31, and a pulley 48 is fixed to an output shaft of the motor 47. A belt 49 is stretched between the pulleys 46 and 48. Further, a guide plate 51 is fixed to the upper end of the outer periphery of the upper mortar 42 in order to guide the waste put into the inlet 50 from the pipe 20 onto the lower mortar 40.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, projections 55 are radially provided on the upper surface of the lower mortar 40. As shown in FIG. Similarly, protrusions 56 are provided radially on the conical portion of the upper mortar 42.

The extruder 60 has a structure as shown in FIG. An extruding screw 63 rotated by a motor 62 is provided in the cylinder 61. A die 64 is provided at an outlet of the cylinder 61, and a cutting propeller 65 rotated by a driving source (not shown) is provided near the die 64. A heater 66 is provided on the outer periphery of the cylinder 61.

Next, the operation will be described. Waste such as garbage is put into the hopper 12 of the primary crusher 10. In this case, in order to increase the heat calorie of the waste by the extruder 60 described later, coal is added in a weight ratio of 1 to 9 to the waste.
Mix in the range of 5%. The waste put into the hopper 12 is rotated by gears 13 and 14 that are driven to rotate.
The hard solid is pulverized, falls toward the rotating cutter blade 18, and is separated by the cutter blade 18 and the hammer 19.

The waste crushed by the primary crusher 10 is
It is supplied from the pipe 20 to the inlet 50 of the secondary crusher 30. In the secondary crusher 30, the motor 35 is rotated so that the lower mortar 40 and the upper mortar 42 rotate in opposite directions.
And 47 are driven. Therefore, the waste supplied to the charging port 50 is crushed by the protrusion 55 provided on the lower mortar 40 and the protrusion 56 provided on the upper mortar 42. Thereby, relatively soft objects such as films are also ground. The crushed waste passes through the pipe 32, the rotary joint 38, and the pipe 39, and passes through the pressure pump 7
By the value 0, it is supplied to the supply port 67 of the extruder 60.

The waste supplied to the supply port 67 is extruded toward the die 64 by the pressure of the extrusion screw 63 and is heated by the heater 66. The heat calorie is increased by pressurizing, heating and kneading the waste, and by the coal mixed in the primary pulverizer 10, and the water is evaporated and carbonized. Here, when the water content of the waste is lost in the cylinder 61, the rotation of the extrusion screw 63 may be deteriorated. Therefore, if waste oil or the like is mixed in advance when the waste is put into the primary crusher 10, the rotation of the extrusion screw 63 can be improved. When the waste is put into the primary crusher 10, polyvinyl alcohol is added to the waste in a weight ratio of 1%.
If mixed in the range of up to 95%, the carbonized waste passes through the die 64 and becomes a rod. This bar is cut by a cutting propeller 65,
Beads 80 are generated.

[0019] Thus, the waste is converted to charcoal which is easily combustible. Burning carbides requires 850 ° C. or higher, and since the decomposition combustion temperature of dioxin is higher than 800 ° C., burning the carbides does not generate dioxins.

In the above-described embodiment, coal is mixed when the waste is charged into the primary pulverizer 10.
Coal may be mixed in the secondary crusher 30. Similarly, the polyvinyl alcohol may be mixed in the secondary pulverizer 30.

[0021]

According to the present invention, coal is mixed into waste such as garbage and crushed, or coal is mixed after crushing the waste and the waste is pressurized, heated and kneaded. Then, water is evaporated and carbonized, so that generation of dioxin and the like can be prevented.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional explanatory view showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a waste treatment apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a primary crusher.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a secondary pulverizer.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the lower and upper mortar portions of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Primary crusher 30 Secondary crusher 60 Extruder 63 Extrusion screw 66 Heater 70 Pressure pump

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method of mixing coal into waste such as garbage and pulverizing it, or mixing pulverized coal after pulverizing said waste;
A waste treatment method comprising pressurizing, heating and kneading the waste to evaporate water and carbonizing the waste. 2. The waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein polyvinyl alcohol is mixed into the waste in a pre-process in which the waste is pressurized, heated and kneaded. 3. A primary crusher for crushing hard solid waste, a secondary crusher for crushing relatively soft material contained in the waste crushed by the primary crusher, Pressurizing means for pressure-feeding the waste crushed by the secondary crusher;
An extruder having a heating means for heating the waste fed by the pressurizing means and a kneading means for kneading is provided, and the coal is mixed with the waste in the primary crusher or the secondary crusher. Characteristic waste treatment equipment. 4. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 3, wherein polyvinyl alcohol is mixed into the waste in the primary or secondary crusher.