JPH11319819A - Froth box for denaturing liquid quality and method for denaturing liquid quality - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently execute cell destruction, nullification of cell activity and mechanical destruction by utilizing cavitation froth by providing a jet nozzle with a fluid induction hole for inducing fluid. SOLUTION: A froth box 1 for denaturing water quality consists of a froth box 2 and a double type nozzle 3. The froth box 1 for denaturing water quality is approximately a rectangular parallelepiped and has 6-side walls. One set of the opposite walls include the first opposite wall 4 and the second opposite wall 5. The first opposite wall 4 is bored with an outflow hole 6. The second opposite wall 5 is formed with the double type nozzle 3. The double type nozzle 3 has a fluid flow passage 7. A core limiting port 21 to define the boundary conditions of a jet stream is formed at the first opposite wall 4 and is opened. Both front ends of the liquid induction path 7 and air leading-in pipe 9 are opened on the surface of the rear end which is a part of the first opposite surface 14. The air induction hole 22 formed on the inner side of the air leading-in pipe 9 is opened at its front end and is continuously connected to the core limiting port 21.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid quality alteration bubble box and a liquid alteration method for separating or destroying a substance in a liquid using cavitation. More specifically, cavitation is actively generated by ejecting a liquid and its erosion action causes mechanical destruction of biological cells, emulsification, stirring, foaming, separation of harmful gases such as chlorine gas,
The present invention relates to a foam box for liquid denaturation that can be removed and a liquid denaturing method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Techniques for separating and destroying gas and various bacteria in a liquid to reduce the specific effects of the gas and various bacteria. For example, cell activity of blue-green algae in lake water and Legionella spp. In drinking water and bath water. There is a need for an effective technique for eliminating chlorine dissolved in tap water by eliminating water. Environmental changes include legionella spp. In the natural environment inhabiting fresh water such as soil, ponds and swamps, lakes and rivers, as well as cooling tower water for air conditioning, irrigation water, cutting oil, and home and commercial water heaters. Water, park fountain, water in ultrasonic / distillation humidifier, circulating whirlpool (24-hour bath)
There is a particular need to neutralize the physiologic and cellular activity of Legionella spp. In artificial environments that grow in irrigation water, dental spray water, and multipurpose water in hospitals.

[0003] As of 1996, more than 40 species of such Legionella spp. Are known (0.3-0.7).
(2-5) Micron Gram-negative bacteria, but are aerobic and easily proliferate in water exposed to the air, not only adversely affect the human body, but also proliferate in ultrapure for semiconductor production. The yield of semiconductor manufacturing is worsening. The culture time of Legionella spp. Is much longer than that of Escherichia coli, and it takes a lot of time to confirm the existence of Escherichia coli. A facultative intracellular bacterium that coexists with green algae, uses extracellular metabolites as a carbon source and energy source, and proliferates in the cells of protozoa such as macrophages in the body and amoeba living in the same environment. There is a particular need for effective elimination of Legionella spp.

[0004] On the other hand, it has been proposed to use jet cavitation for destroying blue-green algae and the like. As is known from the announcement of the Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun in the July 2, 1997 issue, etc., the practical use of a device to nullify harmful phytoplankton called blue-green algae and freshwater red tide due to the impact when a jet stream is hit against a shock plate For the first time in the world, in general, techniques for counteracting biological activity have only just begun.

The physical activity due to cavitation has been known for a long time, as indicated by a series of physical and technical idioms called cavitation erosion. Cavitation has the ability to destroy objects, as is known from eroding the metal surfaces of turbine blades. Although the destructive effect of such cavitation is disliked, techniques that attempt to use it are only exceptionally known and are not common. As a result, their research has been delayed. Cavitation and the vortex of a high-speed jet fluid are analyzed by the dynamics of a complex system, and they are inexperienced in learning.Theoretical results have already been determined while incorporating the results of trial and error research. In addition to the research results
It is preferable to proceed with practical development.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made based on such a technical background, and achieves the following objects. An object of the present invention is to provide a foam box for liquid denaturation and a liquid denaturation method for efficiently performing cell destruction or invalidation of cell activity and mechanical destruction by actively utilizing cavitation bubbles. . Another object of the present invention is to provide a foam box for liquid denaturation and a liquid denaturation method for efficiently separating and removing dissolved gas in liquid by positively utilizing cavitation bubbles. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a foam box for liquid denaturation and a liquid denaturation method, which more effectively achieves the above object by forming a vortex of cavitation bubbles. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a foam box for liquid quality alteration and a liquid quality alteration method that achieves the above-mentioned object more effectively by moving the vortex of cavitation bubbles. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a foam box for liquid-quality alteration and a liquid-quality alteration for more effectively nullifying cell activity by actively introducing gas such as air or oxygen from the outside into the vortex of cavitation bubbles. It is to provide an alteration method. Still another object of the present invention is to form a liquid such as an oil or a surfactant from the outside into a vortex of cavitation bubbles to more effectively emulsify, agitate, foam, etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a foam box and a method for altering liquid quality. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a foam box for liquid denaturation and a liquid box for clarifying mathematical conditions for enhancing the cavitation effect, facilitating the use of the technology, effectively disabling cell activity, and removing impurities. It is to provide a quality alteration method. Still other objects of the present invention will be more specifically clarified through the embodiments.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above problems, the following means are employed. A jet stream of liquid is formed in the box body, and fluid is actively introduced from the outside into the jet stream, and cavitation is actively generated. The jet nozzle has a fluid attracting hole for attracting a fluid. This fluid inducing hole is preferably arranged concentrically with the liquid guide path.

[0008] Air introduced from the outside enters the holes of various sizes due to cavitation, whereby the survival rate of the holes is increased, and the oxygen introduced into the holes is transported by the holes having a high dispersion rate and the holes are transported. At the time of destruction, oxygen which is mixed in the liquid at a high dispersion rate and has a high activity rather than a dissolved state promotes cell destruction. Air promotes the shocking and turbulent movement of the pores and promotes the evaporation of dissolved gases into the pores, e.g. transforms dissolved chlorine, animonia, nitrous acid, etc. into gaseous form and facilitates its separation and removal .

[0009] The shape of the nozzle outlet is designed so as to increase the cavitation occurrence rate using knowledge obtained from hydrodynamics. This design is described by a conditional expression as described below, and the relationship with the volume and shape of the box body is also taken into consideration, and the approximate horizontal length A, the approximate vertical length B, the approximate height C,
The diameter D of the tip end of the injection port, the diameter of the fluid induction port at the injection port, and the diameters d1 and d2 of the liquid induction port at the injection port are represented. In this case, it is assumed that the Reynolds number is 2300 or more.

The box body forms a flat space so that a vortex of liquid ejected from the jet nozzle is formed in a two-dimensional manner. Since the angular momentum of the vortex is two-dimensional,
Eddy currents are unlikely to occur in three-dimensional space. The increase in the degree of the vortex
Cavitation diffusion exponentially promotes air diffusion. This vortex moves periodically in a flat space.
This movement enables uniform destruction, so that the processing efficiency is high. The dimensions of the box set the boundary conditions and thus allow periodic motion of the vortex on a closed path.

A method of increasing the initial rate of cavitation by controlling the number of cavitation nuclei by changing the air content by actively drawing air from the outside into the jet stream in which the jet nuclei are generated is a rectangular parallelepiped foam box. It is not limited to running within. That is, air may be introduced from the axial center portion or the blade surface of the rotating blade rotating concentrically in the cylindrical container.

The box body referred to in the present invention may be a partitioned container provided with a three-dimensional space of another structure as long as it has the shape of a nozzle outlet. However, those having such a three-dimensional space do not generate eddy currents, but the above-mentioned objects can be sufficiently achieved depending on the use of the present invention.

In the above description, the jet nozzle is air,
Gases such as oxygen and ozone were sucked through the fluid inducing holes, but not only gases but also surfactants, aqueous solutions of surfactants, oils, and liquid fertilizers were sucked and emulsified, stirred, and foamed by cavitation. Or the like may be performed.

[0014]

According to the foam box for altering liquid quality according to the present invention, the cavitation is forcibly mixed with a gas such as air or a fluid which is a liquid, and the cavitation breaking effect is particularly made effective by its high dispersion. Cell destruction, invalidation of cell activity, separation of dissolved gas, invalidation of harmful substances, emulsification, and stirring can be performed with high efficiency. Since the efficiency of emulsification and stirring and the purification efficiency of harmful substances are extremely high, the cost is low.

[0015]

Next, an embodiment of a foam box for altering liquid quality according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows a plane cross section of Embodiment 1 of a foam box for liquid quality alteration according to the present invention. The water quality alteration foam box 1 includes a foam box main body 2 and a multiple nozzle 3. The water quality alteration foam box 1 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped appearance, and has six walls. One set of opposing walls includes a first opposing wall 4 and a second opposing wall 5.

The first opposing wall 4 has an outflow hole (or outlet) 6 at the approximate center thereof. Second opposed wall 5
, A multiple nozzle 3 is formed at the approximate center thereof. The multiple nozzle 3 has a liquid guide path 7. The outer peripheral surface of the liquid guide path 7 extending in one direction, that is, on a straight line, coincides with the surface of the hole 8 formed in the second opposed wall 5.

An air suction pipe 9 is inserted into the hole 8, and a large rear portion 11 is fixed to the second opposed wall 5. The front small-diameter portion 12 of the air suction pipe 9 is floating in the air at the center of the liquid guide path 7. That is, the front small diameter portion 12 is concentrically arranged in the liquid guide path 7.

The purifying action chamber 13 formed in the water quality altering foam box 1 is formed by six orthogonal surfaces. Part 6
The surface includes a first opposing surface 14 of the second opposing wall 5, a second opposing surface 15 of the first opposing wall 4, a third opposing surface 16,
The fourth opposing surface 17, the fifth opposing surface 18 and the sixth opposing surface 19 of the upper and lower walls shown in FIG. 2. The three sets of opposing surfaces are parallel to each other.

In the first facing surface 14, a core restriction port 21 for defining a boundary condition of the jet flow is formed and opened. The front end of the core restriction opening 21 is open. First facing surface 14
The front ends of the liquid guide path 7 and the air suction pipe 9 are open on the surface of the rear end which is a part of the liquid guide path 7. At the front end, an air induction hole 22 formed inside the air suction pipe 9 is opened and continuously connected to the core restriction port 21.

The core restriction port 21 is positioned concentrically with the liquid guide path 7 and the air inlet 22. Core restriction port 2
1 is designed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape in which the width D (length shown in FIG. 1) is longer than the height width (length shown in FIG. 2). Under the condition that the volume is sufficiently smaller than that of the purification action chamber 13, the boundary surface of the core restriction port 21 can be formed as a cylindrical surface. The vertical width of the core restriction opening 21 is designed to be a length L.

The purifying chamber 13 is designed to have a length A, a width B (FIG. 1) and a height C (FIG. 2). The height width of the core restriction opening 21 smaller than the height width C does not affect the theoretical analysis described later as long as it has a certain size. The diameter at the open end of the liquid guide path 7 is represented by d2 (this “2” is a subscript in the formula). The diameter of the air inlet hole 22 or the air inlet pipe 9 is d1
It is represented by It is analyzed that the thickness of the air suction pipe 9 is zero. That is, the inner diameter of the liquid guide path 7 is
2 is equal to the outside diameter.

The parameters of the water quality altering foam box 1 are A,
B, C, D, L, d1, and d2. In particular, D and L strongly influence the initial incidence of cavitation. The initial incidence indicates the amount of cavitation. The dimensions A, B, and C that determine the volume and shape of the purifying chamber 13 strongly influence the generation of the vortex and the periodic motion of the center of the vortex. These parameters are set to match the experiment.
The purifying chamber 13 is not defined as a rectangular parallelepiped by the dimensions A, B and C.

For example, the second facing surface 15 is a spherical surface, a cylindrical surface,
The purifying chamber 13 may have an approximately rectangular cross section. In particular, the third opposing surface 16 and the fourth opposing surface 1 with respect to the concentric line of the core restriction port 21 and the liquid guide path 7.
Preferably, 7 is symmetrical and the second opposing surface 15 itself is symmetrical to it. This symmetry gives a period to the movement of the vortex center described later. That is, the four surfaces of the purification action chamber 13 set the boundary conditions of the equation of motion describing the motion of the central portion of the typhoon-like vortex.

As shown in FIG. 2, the multiple nozzle 3 is provided with a liquid supply port 23 through which a liquid, for example, water to be purified is introduced.
It is formed on the opposing wall 5. Nothing is connected to the rear large diameter portion 11. That is, the first end of the air induction hole 22 is open to the atmosphere. Note that the liquid and the air may be supplied such that they are reversed. The analysis in this case treats d1 as zero.

The liquid is supplied to the liquid supply port 23 by a high-pressure pump, for example, a plunger type pump. Since the influence of gravity can be ignored, it is not necessary to use the water quality alteration bubble box 1 so that the paper surface of FIG. 1 coincides with the horizontal plane. FIG. 3 is an abstract view in which a photograph of a spouted bed in which cavitation has occurred in the water quality alteration bubble box 1 is taken with a high-speed camera.

The direction of rotation of the vortex is determined by initial conditions due to slight asymmetry in the direction of the nozzle, and the direction of the spin axis is preserved by the law of conservation of angular momentum of the entire system. The vortex has a central portion 31. The central portion 31 moves on a closed trajectory line 32 oriented in a certain direction. For example, 2
It makes one round on the trajectory line 32 in seconds. FIG. 4 shows a state in which the robot has moved on the trajectory line 32 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the vortex is formed symmetrically about the center.

A fixed amount is introduced into the purifying chamber 13 per unit time, and the fixed amount is discharged from the outlet 6. The cavitation is generated by a conical jet flow core directed from a nozzle tip orifice having a certain area to a point in front of the nozzle, even if the air is not actively supplied from the air inlet hole 22 or is completely shut off.

The air drawn from the center of the core at the starting end is released as fine bubbles from the tip of the core,
It mixes with cavitation bubbles and is blown off violently forward. The air is compressed once in the core and expands when discharged from the discharge end, and is entrained in the vortex while repeatedly striking with the cavitation bubbles.

The cavitation foam also contracts and expands to form its vortex, especially before expanding and collapsing. It is believed that some of the introduced air enters the cavitation bubbles and affects the rate of expansion. It is thought that nascent oxygen is also generated in the foam. In addition, it is considered that naked elements appear on the surface of the foam that expands violently and collapses.

The physical activity (pressure fault) of such a foam destroys the cell membrane in the liquid, and the naked element oxidizes the cell liquid and destroys the cell growth environment. In addition, the dissolved gas in the liquid, such as methane or other organic solvent, or an impurity gas such as chlorine, which is induced by the rapid expansion of the foam, flows out into the pressure fault and evaporates in the foam, and is released from the outflow hole 6 to reduce the pressure. Is released into the atmosphere. The myriad of bubble interactions, in the presence of air bubbles, promote cavitation effects and promote separation of media fluids and impurities.

A violent turbulence is generated around the center of the vortex orbiting in the purifying chamber 13, and the inside of the purifying chamber 13 is uniformly stirred. The gas-liquid introduced into the purifying chamber 13 from the multiple nozzle 3 is uniformly stirred, and the purifying is performed uniformly.
Therefore, since a constant purification rate is maintained, the number of times of liquid circulation for obtaining a constant purification rate may be extremely small.

It has long been known that a jet is described by an equation of motion based on shear stress (Reynolds stress). FIG. 5 is a plan sectional view for analyzing a free turbulent jet discharged from a nozzle into a vacuum. The x-axis is set to coincide with the center line of the virtual nozzle 51 (a portion near the ejection port is formed as a conical surface for virtualization).
The y-axis is set in the direction in which the jet spreads, that is, in the direction orthogonal to the direction of travel of the jet center. Therefore, the coordinate system xy is a rectangular coordinate system. When the conical surfaces of the nozzle 51 are extended and the surfaces intersect, a tip of the conical jet flow core 52 is generated.
The spread of the jet at a position X sufficiently away from the core 52 is indicated by b. As an empirical formula, b = k # j · x (1) In this specification, a subscript is preceded by #. The proportional coefficient k # j is called a jet spread coefficient and is an important basic factor of jet characteristics. In the case of having turbulent flow characteristics, the jet width bb = 24 k · x (2) The constant k is a coefficient representing the turbulent flow characteristics. The shear stress τ is expressed by the following expansion formula, that is, a polynomial.

(Equation 3)

The coefficient C # n is determined from the shear stress for the boundary condition of the equation of motion. P for Reynolds stress
When the randtl assumption is applied, the velocity distribution is expressed by the following equation in an approximate expression up to the fourth order.

(Equation 4)

Equation (3) derived from the condition of shear stress
-1) is applicable to any of two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows of a free jet and a restricted jet. Since the value of η where the right side of equation (3-7) is 0 is 1, the jet velocity becomes zero at a position away from the x-axis by a certain distance. When the liquid is discharged into the infinite space from the nozzle 51 having the finite exit cross-sectional area having the diameter D, the velocity decay of the jet in the absence of the pressure gradient, that is, on the central axis, becomes

(Equation 5)

Since the speed at the nozzle outlet is zero on the central axis, the speed rapidly increases after the outlet, and as shown by arrows in FIG. Velocity vectors at positions apart from each other appear symmetrically. The jet is divided into a range up to the length X # c of the jet nucleus, that is, an initial region 53, and a range downstream thereof, that is, a main region 54. Calculating for reference, the length of the jet core is

(Equation 6)

Equations (4,5) follow Albertson's experimental results. The jet core length X # c is obtained from Equations (4, 5), and the jet spread coefficient k # j of Equation (1) is obtained from Equation (6). Therefore, the coefficient k of Equation (2) is obtained.
Can also be requested. Experimentally, the velocity u above the jet center
The jet core length X # c is determined by measuring #m, and the jet width b and the jet spread coefficient k # j are obtained.

The cavitation phenomenon in a high-speed underwater water jet can be considered based on the above analysis. Ro
It can be estimated as follows from the viewpoint of the turbulence characteristics of the airflow jet by the use. Eddy viscosity coefficient of free jet ε
Is: ε = kbu # m .... (7) From the assumption of Prandtle,

(Equation 7)

According to equations (8, 9), b is proportional to x and u #
a three-dimensional flow in which m is inversely proportional to x (the relationship of equation (4)), and b
Is proportional to x and u # m is inversely proportional to the square root of x (relationship of equation (5)). For each jet of a two-dimensional flow, equation (3-
1) is obtained. The coefficient k can be obtained by calculation from the energy equation.

(Equation 8)

The Reynolds stress τ closely related to the cavitation phenomenon is

(Equation 9)

When the turbulence diffusion coefficient 大 き い is large, the diffusion of energy causing the cavitation effect is likely to occur. As the jet spread coefficient k # j appears linearly in Equations (10, 11), it directly affects the promotion of the cavitation effect. This means that when the jet is confined due to a wall around the nozzle, the jet spread coefficient k # j changes.

As a model for causing a confined jet flow, a jet model having a horn-type side wall is known.
As shown in FIG. 6, the jet spread coefficient k # when a conical side wall or a constrained wall 55 indicated by a two-dot chain line is provided.
When j is calculated, in three dimensions,

(Equation 10)

This is the same in the two-dimensional case. The significance of equation (12) is that the jet spread coefficient k # j and the side wall angle θ #
The relationship with w is obtained. For a two-dimensional flow in a flat rectangular box and a three-dimensional flow in a cylindrical box, the maximum velocity u # m of the jet is attenuated by the square root of x or proportional to x. There is a difference, and the present invention uses a two-dimensional flow formed in a flat box so that the attenuation is small.

From the equation (12), the cavitation initiation coefficient σ # i is shown in a graph, as shown in FIG.
The w becomes maximum around 30 degrees. This graph is taken from Numachi's experimental report (Hayaken report, No. 16
Vol., 1960-1961, No. 158, No. 159).
Theoretical analysis excerpted as described above in this specification (“About the basic characteristics of jets”, Jet Engineering Vol. 12, N
o. 2, 1995, 23-32) by Yanaida, showing good agreement between theory and experiment. FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the ratio of D and d shown in the figure and the cavitation initiation coefficient σ # i. That is, the cavitation initiation coefficient σ # i becomes maximum when the ratio (D / d) is around 3. Therefore, using the dimensions shown in FIG. 1, if D is three times the unit length, L is preferably eight times the unit length. In the case of a double pipe, it is empirically preferable to set as follows.

[0044]

[Equation 11]

Therefore,

(Equation 12)

As for the width B and the height A, naturally,

(Equation 13)

Under these conditions, the Reynolds number is 2300
It is assumed that the above is true. From these equations, the range of the absolute values of those values is determined. If only the cavitation effect is considered, the values A, B, and C may be small, but the volume of the box needs to be somewhat large in consideration of the eddy motion and the purification efficiency.

The attachment distance X # R of the jet is expressed by the following equation using d in FIG. 9, the jet expansion coefficient k # j, and the side wall angle θ # w.

[Equation 14]

The calculation results are shown for reference.

(Equation 15)

FIGS. 9 and 10 show the experimental results (“Hydraulics of”) showing cavitation erosion.
Pipelines, "J. Paul Tullis,
JOHN WILEY & SONS, 1989, P1
70). X # cp indicates the region where cavitation erosion occurs, that is, the x coordinate in the middle of the cavitation pitching zone. FIG.
Shows the relationship between the coordinates of the ultrasonic maximum generation position and the side wall angle θ # w. The results of these two experiments prove that the existence of the specific region where cavitation erosion occurs substantially coincides with the existence of the specific region where ultrasonic waves are generated. These specific areas are represented by a nozzle diameter d, a flow path diameter D, and a side wall angle θ # w.

FIGS. 9 and 10 also show the core length X # c according to the study in the square. As shown in FIG. 10, the maximum position of the cavitation ultrasonic wave substantially corresponds to the square core length. As shown in FIG. 9, the collapse test of orifice cavitation corresponding to the rapid expansion is almost in agreement with the study in the square. The cavitation effect, in which the shear stress τ, the turbulent diffusion coefficient χ, and the jet core length are closely related, is promoted by giving appropriate dimensions to the nozzle shape and box shape.

The shapes of the nozzles are classified into types as shown in FIGS. 11 to 14, but the present invention is in principle irrelevant to such types. The principle characteristic of the present invention can be seen in limiting the shape of the box based on the side wall angle and the core length.

Gas or liquid such as air is entrained in such cavitation collapse to promote erosion, mechanical destruction such as cell destruction, gas separation / removal, emulsification, etc.
Stirring, invalidation of harmful substances, etc. are performed. The present invention is effective in the following technical problems. Gas main flow: Shear stress effect: Drying, classification, separation, shaping Fluid main flow: Cavitation effect: Mixing, stirring, emulsification, washing These effects are further enhanced by the wall effect (Coanda effect) seen in two-dimensional flows. Cavitation and its collapse are facilitated by the small amount of energy diffusion in the two-dimensional flow. The periodic movement of the center of the vortex homogenizes these effects, so that the production efficiency and the work efficiency are dramatically increased.

As described above, the cavitation generation region, its degree, etc. can be analyzed globally from the equation of motion of shear stress based on the momentum distribution described on the coordinate system with the core nucleus as a unit, and the analysis is simple and simple. It was shown that there is. Next, a local study on one cavitation bubble is also required.

There is also a noteworthy report on the relationship between the air content and the cavitation initiation coefficient. The 12th International Towi
According to an experimental report presented at the ng Tank meeting (ITTC), the state of cavitation changes significantly if the state of cavitation nuclei contained in the experimental water is different. Figure 15 (R. Oba et al., Cavitati
on-Nuclei Measurements by a Newly Made Coulter-Cou
nter without AddingSalt in Water, Rep. Inst.High
Speed Mech., Tohoku University, Sendai, 43-340 (198
1), 173) is the underwater nucleus in tap water (air nucleus, chlorine nucleus, etc.)
Shows the relationship between the diameter of nuclei and the number of nuclei. 2 immediately after collection
The distribution of the core diameter and the number after 4 hours has changed greatly.
Thus, the presence of cavitation nuclei in tap water is not stable.

FIG. 16 (Numachi's study) shows the relationship between the number of underwater nuclei (number density distribution), the air content related to the nucleus diameter, and the initial cavitation coefficient K. Regardless of the temperature change, the air content can significantly affect the primary cavitation coefficient (the definition is described in detail in Ryoji Kobayashi: Cavitation, Waterjet, 1-2 (1984, 1-13)). It is clearly shown. The numerator of the air content α / α # s is the actual air content,
α # s indicates the saturated air content.

Although cavitation looks like a white cloud when observed with the naked eye, it can be seen from high-speed photography and instant photography that it is formed from moving bubbles and cavities fixed to the solid surface. Looking at the temporal fluctuation of bubbles, a bubble has a lifetime, has a growth period and a disappearance period, and may be accompanied by a rebound process after disappearance. According to Rayleigh's theory (1917), if one spherical vapor bubble is in a sufficiently large still space, the bubble has an initial radius R #.
The maximum value p # max of the pressure generated near the bubble when it disappears from 0 to the radius R is expressed by the following equation.

(Equation 16)

P # ∞ is the pressure of the surrounding space. Assuming that the bubble radius R is 1/20 of the initial radius, the maximum pressure is 1280 times the pressure of the surrounding space. The theoretical value of the pressure distribution p (r) in the radial direction when one vapor bubble containing a small amount of gas disappears and rebounds and its time change shows a sharp pressure rise that is seen as a shock wave during the rebound period. . This has been confirmed by Schlieren photography. It has been recognized that the impact pressure generated during the bubble extinction / rebound period is an important cause of the mechanism for describing cavitation erosion. One of the causes is the microjet theory, which is based on the assumption that the microjets are formed inside the disappearing cavitation bubbles.

FIG. 17 shows a numerical simulation of the extinction process of a spherical bubble on a solid surface, and shows how a microjet formed in the bubble hits the solid surface. Such a phenomenon has been confirmed by experiments. Cavitation research has traditionally focused on material damage,
Although it has been performed from the viewpoint of cleaning solid surfaces, etc., it is performed for the technical means of effective destruction purification and separation by combining the impact pressure fluctuation at the time of cavitation collapse with the cavitation effect by active air introduction. Never. The impact pressure of the cavitation bubbles uniformly dispersed and diffused can effectively destroy cells and effectively separate gas and liquid. Jet nuclei are also generated by the rotation of the rotor. In this case, the air can be drawn into the jet stream generated from the surface of the rotor from a hole formed in a part of the hollow rotor.

[Other Embodiments] In the above embodiment, air is mainly sucked from the air inducing hole 22. However, the present invention is not limited to air, and other gases such as oxygen and ozone may be used. good. What is sucked from the air induction hole 22 is:
Not only gas, but also surfactant, surfactant aqueous solution, liquid fertilizer,
A liquid such as oil may be sucked. Emulsification, stirring, decomposition, foaming, and the like of these liquids can be efficiently performed. However, in the case of seawater, fine bubbles can be foamed only with air.

The water quality altering foam box 1 of the above embodiment may be a partitioned container having a three-dimensional space of another structure as long as it has a shape of a nozzle orifice. good. However, those having such a three-dimensional space do not generate a vortex, but can sufficiently achieve the above-mentioned objects depending on the use.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view showing an embodiment of a foam box for altering liquid quality according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a plan view abstracted and traced from a high-speed photograph of a vortex at a certain moment.

FIG. 4 is a plan view abstracted and traced from a high-speed photograph of the eddy current one second after the moment in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a coordinate system for jet flow analysis.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a coordinate system for jet analysis of a restricted jet model.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing a relationship between a nozzle opening shape and a cavitation initiation coefficient.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing a relationship between a rapidly expanding nozzle and a cavitation initiation coefficient.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between cavitation erosion and jet core length.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing a relationship between a cavitation ultrasonic maximum value position and a jet core length.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a nozzle shape.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing another example of the nozzle shape.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing still another example of the nozzle shape.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing still another example of the nozzle shape.

FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the diameter of a nucleus and the number thereof.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the air content and the initial cavitation coefficient.

FIG. 17 is a graph showing the occurrence and disappearance of cavitation.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Foam box for water quality alteration 2 ... Foam box main body 3 ... Double nozzle 4 ... First opposing wall 5 ... Second opposing wall 6 ... Outflow hole (discharge port) 7 ... Liquid guide path 9 ... Air intake pipe 13 ... Purification action Chamber 14: first opposing surface 15: second opposing surface 16: third opposing surface 17: fourth opposing surface 21: core restriction opening 22: air induction hole 31: central portion 32: trajectory line

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] April 21, 1999

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 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Teruo Masumoto 1534 Hara, Karatsu-shi, Saga Prefecture, Japan W72M Co., Ltd. 1534 Hara, Karatsu-shi, Saga Inside YBM Corporation

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A box main body having a fixed volume, and a jet nozzle having a jet port for jetting a liquid into the box main body, wherein the box main body has a discharge port for discharging the liquid, and the jet nozzle Is a liquid quality alteration foam box provided with a fluid attraction hole for attracting a fluid to the ejection port by being attracted by the jet stream of the liquid. 2. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle has a liquid guide path for guiding the liquid to be introduced to the jet port, and the liquid guide path and the fluid attraction hole are formed concentrically. A foam box for altering the quality of liquid. 3. The constant volume according to claim 2, wherein the general horizontal length is represented by A, the general vertical length is represented by B, the general height is represented by C, and the diameter of the tip end of the injection port is represented by D. Any one of the diameter of the fluid attraction port at the ejection port and the diameter of the liquid guide path at the ejection port is d1
When the other is represented by d2, Wherein the Reynolds number is 2300 or more. 4. A box main body having a constant volume, and a jet nozzle having a jet port for jetting a liquid into the box main body, wherein the box main body has a discharge port for discharging the liquid, Is provided with a fluid inducing hole for attracting a fluid to the ejection port by being attracted by the jet stream of the liquid, and the box body is formed by two-dimensionally forming a vortex of the liquid ejected from the jet nozzle. A bubble box for liquid alteration that forms a flat space like this. 5. The foam box for liquid quality alteration according to claim 4, wherein the space is formed into a two-dimensional area so that a central area of the eddy current periodically moves on a closed path. 6. The foam box for altering liquid quality according to claim 5, wherein the foam cell is used so that living cells in the liquid are destroyed. 7. The foam box for altering liquid quality according to claim 5, wherein the foam is used to evaporate a gas in the liquid. 8. The constant volume according to claim 5, wherein the approximate horizontal length is represented by A, the general longitudinal length is represented by B, the general height is represented by C, and the diameter of the tip end of the injection port is represented by D. , The diameter of the fluid inducing hole at the injection port is d1
When the diameter of the liquid guide path at the injection port is represented by d2, Wherein the Reynolds number is 2300 or more. 9. A method for altering liquid quality, comprising: generating a jet stream having a jet core in a specific volume of liquid; and actively drawing a fluid from the outside into the jet stream. 10. A bubble box for generating a jet stream having a jet core, wherein a general vertical dimension is represented by x on an X axis, a general lateral dimension is represented by y on a Y axis, and a general height dimension is provided. On the Z axis
Where z <x and z <y, the jet flow is substantially parallel to the XY plane.