JPH11318117A - Coated seed and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a coated seed with suppressed acidification and putrefaction and improved storage stability as well, because of being resistant to water, acid, alkali, fat-and-oil and heat, by coating a plant seed with prolamine to raise its germination rate, suppress its decline due to storage without causing cracking and/or debonding of the coating film on the surface of the seed. SOLUTION: This coated seed is obtained by coating a plant seed with prolamine in the weight ratio the seed/prolamine of (50:1) to (350:1). In this case, it is preferable that at least one component among agrochemicals and fertilizers is also included. More precisely, this coated seed can be obtained by spraying a plant seed with a prolamine solution until the weight ratio the seed/prolamine comes to (50:1) to (350:1); wherein the prolamine solution is pref. a prolamine-hydrous ethanol solution.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a coated seed obtained by coating a plant seed with prolamin and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in order to improve the germination rate of seeds of agricultural crops, a technique of coating a plant material with a coating material, that is, a seed coating technique, has been widely used. Conventional seed coating techniques include calcium peroxide, polyalkylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid derivatives, homopolymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid,
Known is a technique of coating seeds alone or as a mixture of cellulose derivatives, sugars, polyesters, or the like as a coating material with or without added components such as pesticides and fertilizers.
(JP-B 3-68001, JP-A 8-70630, etc.).

[0003]

However, the coated seeds obtained from these prior arts did not lead to a remarkably high germination rate. For example, a coated seed using polyvinyl alcohol or a cellulose derivative as a coating material,
The coating surface has an appearance composed of particles made of a coating material, and the particles fall off at every contact with the outside. Often, this surface cracks and delaminates, leaving the encapsulated seeds in direct contact with the outside. The effect of the coating is reduced, and the germination rate and storage stability of the seed are reduced. In addition, the thickness unevenness of the coating surface is obtained by dissolving the coating material in an appropriate solvent, immersing the seeds in the solvent, and then drying the seeds, or coating a relatively large seed such as broad beans and kidney beans. Prominently appeared in the case. One seed may have a thin surface and a thick surface, or the whole may vary in thickness. Such non-uniform coating may cause a large difference in germination time or a problem of non-germination. Occurred. In addition, phenomena such as cracking, peeling, and uneven thickness of the coating material also affect the release of the additional components contained in the coated seed. Ingredients leak out at an early stage or are not released as desired, greatly affecting the germination rate, and their release is generally uneven, which causes problems in agricultural production planning It will be.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems In view of the above problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies, and as a result, prolamin has excellent film forming ability, is also excellent as a component for germination, and is used as a coating material for coated seeds. The inventors have found that a remarkable effect is exhibited, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention
The present invention relates to a coated seed obtained by coating a plant seed with prolamin and a method for producing the coated seed.

(1) A coated seed, wherein a plant seed is coated with prolamin. (2) In the above (1), the weight ratio of plant seed: prolamin is 5
Coated seeds characterized by being coated within the range of 0: 1 to 350: 1. (3) The coated seed according to (1) or (2), further comprising at least one component of a pesticide and a fertilizer.

(4) A method for producing coated seeds, which comprises spraying a prolamin solution on plant seeds. (5) The method according to the above (4), wherein the prolamin solution is sprayed until the weight ratio of the plant seed: prolamin falls within the range of 50: 1 to 350: 1. (6) The method according to (4) or (5), wherein the prolamin solution is a prolamin-water-containing ethanol solution.

(7) In any one of the above (4) to (6), the prolamin-water-containing ethanol solution has a prolamin concentration of 10%.
(W / w) The method characterized by the following. (8) In any one of the above (4) to (7), the ethanol concentration of aqueous ethanol used as a solvent for prolamin is 80 to 80.
A method characterized by being 93% (v / v).

(9) The method according to any one of the above (4) to (8), wherein at least one component of a pesticide and a fertilizer is added before or after spraying the prolamin solution or simultaneously with the prolamin solution. And how.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Prolamin is one of simple proteins consisting only of amino acids and is a name based on a classification based on solubility. Insoluble in water and saline, and soluble in aqueous ethanol. It is present in cereal seeds, including gliadin in wheat, zein in corn, hordein in barley, and secalin in rye. About 50-60% in corn protein component, wheat, barley, rye, about 40-50% in each protein component
Of prolamin.

[0010] Prolamin is also called a storage protein, and upon germination of seeds, the storage protein is decomposed into amides and amino acids, sent to growing radicles and germs, and re-synthesized into proteins of the tissue. Has the function of The raw material for prolamin used in the present invention may be any cereal containing prolamin, but corn having a high content thereof is preferred. In the process of producing corn starch from corn, gluten meal is separated as a by-product of the defatting and starch separation steps. Of the approximately 70% protein in gluten meal, about 6%
Prolamin accounts for 0%, and gluten meal can be used as a prolamin raw material. The method for producing prolamin using gluten meal as a raw material involves extracting the gluten meal with 60-90% aqueous ethanol, solid-liquid separation, concentration, drying, and pulverization. Prolamin can also be recovered from the extract, and as a method for dropping it into a neutral salt solution (JP-A-61-167700),
A method of dropping a concentrated liquid into water (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-185999)
Publication) can be used.

Hereinafter, the method for producing the coated seed of the present invention will be described. The method for producing the coated seed of the present invention includes a spraying method in which a prolamin solution is sprayed on a plant seed to form a coating, a dipping method in which the plant seed is dipped in a prolamin solution or suspension, and a coating method. If it is a method that can coat
Either method may be used, but it is preferable to use a spray method in order to uniformly obtain the surface of the coated seed.

To produce the coated seed of the present invention, a prolamin solution is first prepared. As a solvent for dissolving prolamin, hydrated ethanol, hydrated isopropanol, hydrated acetone, hydrated methanol, etc., any solvent capable of dissolving prolamin can be used, although any solvent can be used. It is preferred to use large hydrous ethanol. The aqueous ethanol may be used in a concentration of 50 to 93% (v / v) in which prolamin can be dissolved, but it is preferably stably dissolved.
It is preferably from 60 to 93% (v / v), particularly preferably from 80 to 93% (v / v) which does not require a long spraying time. The prolamin concentration of the prolamin solution may be any concentration as long as it can be dissolved in the solvent, but 10% (w / w) )
It is preferred to use the following, particularly preferred to use 5-8% (w / w). In preparing the prolamin solution, a coloring agent may be added for identification, or an adhesion enhancer such as a fatty acid such as oleic acid may be added to improve adhesion of the film.

Next, the prolamin solution is adhered to the plant seeds. The seeds are sprayed with a prolamin solution while the seeds to be coated are being rotated in a turbine or floating in a fluidized bed. Simultaneously with the spraying, heat is applied using a hot air generator or the like. However, the temperature at that time must not exceed the death temperature of the plant seed, for example, radish, broad beans, green beans, etc.
C is the upper limit. The spraying time is preferably 5 minutes or more in order to obtain higher uniformity and a suitable density of the coating layer of the coated seeds, and the ratio of seed weight: prolamin weight is usually 30 or more: 1, preferably about 50 or more: 1. And more preferably about 50:
Spraying is carried out to a ratio of from 1 to about 450: 1, more preferably from about 50: 1 to about 350: 1, especially from about 50: 1 to about 300: 1. If necessary, at least one of components such as pesticides and fertilizers can be further added to the seed before or after spraying the prolamin solution or simultaneously with the prolamin solution. Here, pesticides are fungicides used to control pests defined by the Agricultural Chemicals Control Law, insecticides, materials and growth promoters used to increase or suppress the physiological function of agricultural products,
Fungicides, insecticides, materials, growth promoters, microorganisms, and the like having functions similar to these are included. As a method for adding components such as agrochemicals and fertilizers, any method may be used as long as the added components such as spraying and dipping can be included in the plant seed. When the solvent in which prolamin is dissolved is 80 to 93% (v / v) hydrous ethanol, the solvent is evaporated at the same time as the prolamin is coated and the solvent evaporates to form a film. Therefore, a drying step is not required. You can get coated seeds,
If the solvent contains more water, drying is performed thereafter, unless spraying takes a long time, to obtain the coated seed of the present invention. As a drying method, any method may be used as long as the coated seeds can be dried, such as natural drying and dry heat drying, but the drying temperature should not exceed the seed extinction temperature.

The coated seeds obtained by coating plant seeds with prolamin obtained by the above-mentioned production method are intended to significantly improve the germination rate (see Tables 2 and 3). In particular, from experiments (Table 3) in which seeds coated with the method of the present invention were germinated (see Table 3), when the seeds were coated with prolamin at a weight ratio of 50: 1 to 350: 1, the seeds were particularly compared with the conventional coating materials. The high seed germination rate and high storage stability of the seeds were shown, and the effects of such prolamin could not be expected at all. In addition, the coated seed obtained by the method of the present invention has the advantage that the surface is formed of a glossy film, there is no granular feeling (that is, rough feeling), and no cracking or peeling occurs. The film has resistance to moisture, acids, alkalis, oils and fats, and heat, suppresses the progress of rancidity and decay, and improves the storage stability of coated seeds. Further, when the coated seeds contain additional components such as pesticides and fertilizers, the components do not flow out at the initial stage, and have an advantage that they are released appropriately after seeding.

[0015]

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. <Example 1> Prolamin (trade name: Zein DP, manufactured by Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was added to 7.5 g of 85% (v / v) ethanol (trade name: cake all, manufactured by Shinwa Alcohol Sangyo Co., Ltd.) at 117.5 g. Was added little by little with stirring to dissolve, and 1 g of edible water-soluble colored powder red No. 102 (manufactured by Kiriya Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added and dissolved to prepare a 6.0% (w / w) prolamin solution.

[0016] 1 kg of radish seeds is put in a rotary bread type sugar coating machine,
The seed was heated to a surface temperature of 36 to 40 ° C. using a hot air generator while rotating at a rotation speed of 8 Hz, and the whole amount of the prolamin solution was sprayed at a flow rate of 10 to 20 cc / min while maintaining the temperature. After cooling to room temperature, coated seeds having a seed: prolamin weight ratio of 133: 1 were obtained. The coated seed thus obtained had the appearance of uniformly covering the radish seed with a glossy film, had no graininess, and did not cause cracking or peeling.

<Example 2> 70% (v / v) aqueous ethanol
117.5 g of prolamin (trade name: Tzein DP, manufactured by Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was added little by little with stirring to dissolve, and further dissolved. Edible water-soluble color powder red No. 102 (Kiriya Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1) was added and dissolved to prepare a 6.0% (w / w) prolamin solution. Put 1 kg of radish seeds in a rotating pan-type sugar-coating machine, rotate at a rotation speed of 8 Hz, heat to a surface temperature of the seeds of 36 to 40 ° C. using a hot air generator, and maintain the temperature to reduce the total amount of the prolamin solution to 5 to 10 cc. / Min flow rate. After cooling to room temperature, drying was performed at 38 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a coated seed having a seed: prolamin weight ratio of 133: 1. The coated seed thus obtained had the appearance of uniformly covering the radish seed with a glossy film, had no graininess, and did not cause cracking or peeling.

<Example 3> 85% (v / v) ethanol (trade name: Cakeall, manufactured by Shinwa Alcohol Sangyo Co., Ltd.) 55.0
7.5 g of Prolamin (trade name: Tzein DP, manufactured by Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd.) is added little by little with stirring, and dissolved.
In addition, edible water-soluble colored powder red No. 102 (Kiriya Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1
g was added and dissolved to prepare a 12.0% (w / w) prolamin solution. Place 1 kg of radish seeds in a rotating pan-type sugar coating machine,
Hz, and using a hot air generator, the seed surface temperature 36 ~
The mixture was heated to 40 ° C., and the whole amount of the prolamin solution was sprayed at a flow rate of 5 to 10 cc / min while maintaining the temperature. After cooling to room temperature, coated seeds having a seed: prolamin weight ratio of 133: 1 were obtained.
The coated seed thus obtained had an appearance in which radish seeds were wrapped with a glossy film, had no graininess, did not have cracks or peeling, but felt a slight unevenness.

<Example 4> (Preparation of prolamin solution) 85% (v / v) ethanol (trade name: Cakeall, manufactured by Shinwa Alcohol Industry Co., Ltd.) 925.
To 0 g, 75.0 g of prolamin (trade name: Zein DP, manufactured by Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was added little by little while stirring, and dissolved to prepare a 7.5% (w / w) prolamin solution. The solution was further divided into the amounts shown in Table 1 below, and 0.8 g of edible water-soluble color powder yellow No. 4 (manufactured by Kiriya Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 0.8 g of edible water-soluble color powder blue No. 1 (manufactured by Kiriya Chemical Co., Ltd.) ), 4 g of oleic acid (trade name: NAA-35, manufactured by NOF CORPORATION) was added and dissolved, and a prolamin solution 4-1, 4-2, 4-3,
4-4, 4-5 and 4-6 were obtained.

[0020]

[Table 1]

(4-1) 1 kg of broad bean seeds is put in a rotating pan-type sugar-coating machine, rotated at a rotation speed of 8 Hz, and heated to a surface temperature of 36 to 40 ° C. using a hot-air generator, and the Homai wettable powder 80 A solution prepared by dissolving 2 g (manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) in 10 cc of water was charged into a pan-type sugar-coating machine, and then the entire amount of the prolamin solution 4-1 was sprayed at a flow rate of 5 to 10 cc / min while maintaining the temperature. After cooling to room temperature, coated seeds having a seed: prolamin weight ratio of 404: 1 were obtained. The coated seed thus obtained exhibited an appearance in which the broad bean seeds were uniformly covered with a glossy film, had no graininess, and did not cause cracking or peeling.

(4-2) Production was carried out in the same manner as in (4-1) except that the entire amount of the prolamin solution 4-2 was used to obtain a coated seed having a seed: prolamin weight ratio of 303: 1. The coated seed thus obtained exhibited an appearance in which the broad bean seeds were uniformly covered with a glossy film, had no graininess, and did not cause cracking or peeling.

(4-3) Prolamin solution A coated seed having a seed: prolamin weight ratio of 199: 1 was obtained in the same manner as in (4-1) except that the entire amount of the solution 4-3 was used. The coated seed thus obtained exhibited an appearance in which the broad bean seeds were uniformly covered with a glossy film, had no graininess, and did not cause cracking or peeling.

(4-4) Except that the total amount of the prolamin solution 4-4 was used and sprayed at a flow rate of 10 to 20 cc / min.
Production was performed in the same manner as in the method 1) to obtain a coated seed having a seed: prolamin weight ratio of 100: 1. The coated seed thus obtained exhibited an appearance in which the broad bean seeds were uniformly covered with a glossy film, had no graininess, and did not cause cracking or peeling.

(4-5) Except that the whole amount of the prolamin solution 4-5 was used and sprayed at a flow rate of 20 to 30 cc / min.
Production was performed in the same manner as in the method of -1) to obtain a coated seed having a seed: prolamin weight ratio of 50: 1. The resulting coated seeds had the appearance of enclosing broad bean seeds with a glossy film. There was no granularity, no cracks or peeling, but a slight unevenness was felt.

(4-6) Except that the whole amount of the prolamin solution 4-6 was used and sprayed at a flow rate of 40 to 50 cc / min.
Production was performed in the same manner as in the method 1) to obtain a coated seed having a seed: prolamin weight ratio of 30: 1. The resulting coated seeds had the appearance of enclosing broad bean seeds with a glossy film. There was no granularity, no cracks or peeling, but a slight unevenness was felt.

Comparative Example 1 5.0 g of polyvinyl alcohol (trade name: Gohsenol N300, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added little by little to 245.0 g of water at 80 ° C. while stirring, and dissolved. An aqueous solution was prepared. This aqueous solution contains edible water-soluble colored powder yellow 4 (Kiriya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
0.8g, edible water-soluble colored powder blue No. 1 (Kiriya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Was added and dissolved.

1 kg of broad bean seeds is put into a rotary bread-type sugar-coating machine, rotated at a rotation speed of 8 Hz, and heated to a surface temperature of 36 to 40 ° C. using a hot-air generator, and is supplied with Homai wettable powder 80 (Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.). )) 2g dissolved in 10cc of water
While maintaining the temperature, the entire amount of the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing the colorant was sprayed at a flow rate of 20 to 30 cc / min. After cooling to room temperature, drying was performed at 38 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a coated seed having a seed: polyvinyl alcohol weight ratio of 200: 1. The resulting coated seeds had poor film-forming properties, had a granular appearance on the surface, and dropped off each time the coated seeds contacted each other.
In addition, the appearance was uneven and had a surface with a feeling of irregularities.

<Comparative Example 2> Starch sugar (trade name: 245.0 g)
Triglyco A (manufactured by Hayashibara Co., Ltd.) (5.0 g) was added little by little while stirring, and dissolved to prepare a 2.0% starch sugar aqueous solution. This aqueous solution contains edible water-soluble colored powder yellow 4 (Kiriya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
0.8g, edible water-soluble colored powder blue No. 1 (Kiriya Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Was added and dissolved.

1 kg of broad bean seeds is put in a rotary bread-type sugar-coating machine, rotated at a rotation speed of 8 Hz, and heated to a surface temperature of 36 to 40 ° C. using a hot-air generator to form a homey wettable powder 80 (Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.). )) 2g dissolved in 10cc of water
While maintaining the temperature, add the total amount of the aqueous starch solution containing the colorant to 20.
Sprayed at a flow rate of 3030 cc / min. After cooling to room temperature, 38
Drying was performed at 3 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a coated seed having a seed: starch weight ratio of 200: 1. The resulting coated seeds had poor film-forming properties, had a granular appearance on the surface, and dropped off each time the coated seeds contacted each other. In addition, the appearance was uneven and had a surface with a feeling of irregularities.

<Test Example 1> A field soil (Kanto loam) was filled into a 1 / 2000a Wagner pot, and ammonium sulfate, excess stone, and N, P ₂ O ₅ , and K ₂ O were each added to 20 kg / 10a. The soil was fertilized by adding sulfur. The coated seeds obtained in Examples 4-1 to 4-6, the coated seeds obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2,
25 untreated broad bean seeds were sown. Table 2 shows the germination rate 12 days after sowing.

[0032]

[Table 2]

From the results in Table 2, it can be seen from Examples 4-1 and 4-2 that
The coated seeds obtained in 4-3, 4-4 and 4-5 show almost the same or higher germination rate as compared to untreated seeds, and in particular, Examples 4-2, 4-3 and 4 -4 showed a germination rate equal to or higher than that of the seeds coated with polyvinyl alcohol or starch sugar.

<Test Example 2> The coated seeds obtained in Examples 4-1 to 4-6, the coated seeds obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the untreated broad bean seeds were treated at room temperature in the summer for 60 hours. Left for days. A 12-cm petri dish laid with vermiculite that had absorbed moisture up to 60% of the maximum water capacity of the 12-cm petri dish was prepared, and each seed was sown. After incubation at 20 ° C. for 8 days, the germination rate was measured. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0035]

[Table 3]

From the results in Table 3, it can be seen from Examples 4-1 and 4-2 that
The coated seeds obtained in 4-3, 4-4 and 4-5 show a higher germination rate compared to untreated seeds, and in particular obtained in Examples 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4. It can be seen that the coated seed thus obtained has a higher germination rate and a higher storage stability of the seed than the seed coated with polyvinyl alcohol or starch sugar.

[0037]

Industrial Applicability The seeds coated with the prolamin-based protein of the present invention improve the germination rate and suppress the decrease in the germination rate due to storage. In addition, since the film on the seed surface does not crack or peel, and has resistance to moisture, acid, alkali, oil and fat, heat, it suppresses the progress of rancidity and rot, and the storage stability of the coated seeds is also reduced. Improve. Furthermore, when the coated seeds contain additional components such as pesticides and fertilizers, the components do not flow out at the initial stage, but are released appropriately after seeding.

Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Hidekazu Takahashi 2-20-2 Hinode, Funabashi-shi, Chiba Prefecture Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Keiji Kanamori 2- 20-2 Hinode, Funabashi-shi, Chiba Showa Sangyo Inside Research Institute Co., Ltd.

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A coated seed, wherein a plant seed is coated with prolamin. 2. The plant seed: prolamin weight ratio of 50: 1 to 3
2. The coated seed according to claim 1, wherein the coated seed is coated within a range of 50: 1. 3. The coated seed according to claim 1, further comprising at least one component of a pesticide and a fertilizer. 4. A method for producing coated seeds, comprising spraying a prolamin solution onto plant seeds. 5. A plant seed: prolamin weight ratio of 50: 1.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the prolamin solution is sprayed to within the range of ~ 350: 1. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the prolamin solution is a prolamin-water-containing ethanol solution. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the prolamin-water-containing ethanol solution has a prolamin concentration of 10% (w / w) or less. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the ethanol concentration of the aqueous ethanol used as a solvent for prolamin is 80 to 93% (v / v). 9. The method according to claim 4, wherein at least one component of a pesticide and a fertilizer is added before or after spraying the prolamin solution or simultaneously with the prolamin solution. .