JPH11310488A - Compost producing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compost producing apparatus capable of constituting a treating tank of any size by constructing a compost treating tank by combining panels and capable of promoting compost fermentation by supplying a microorganism and air even from the wall part of the treating tank. SOLUTION: A compost treating tank 1 is constituted by combining panels 10 and the panels are composed of a porous concrete. Pores formed on the concrete are provided with microorganisms and a nutrient source for the microorganisms and the panels have air permeability. In the compost treating tank obtained by combining the panels, a great number of porous pipes are stood in the interior and a large amount of air is supplied from the inside and the outside of a compost material so that the proliferation of useful microorganisms are promoted and emission of an offensive smell can be prevented.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composting apparatus, and more particularly to a composting apparatus which is constructed by immersing microorganisms and nutrients for microorganisms in a wall member forming a composting tub to promote fermentation in the composting tank. Related to the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is a common practice to treat agricultural waste, livestock waste, garbage discharged from ordinary life as compost, and return it to farmland or the like. Various types of devices are known as devices for composting. For example, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-194278, a method of piercing a pipe for blowing air into a large compost tank and supplying a large amount of air into the tank to promote compost fermentation is used. Ya, Tokuhei 5
It is also known to promote compost fermentation by using a rotating drum, as shown in JP-A-22667. And, by using a compost manufacturing apparatus as shown in the conventional example, using aerobic effective microorganisms to be added to the compost material, even when using agricultural waste or the like as a material, a relatively short time Waste can be composted.

[0003]

However, in the compost manufacturing apparatus as shown in the above-mentioned prior art, since the compost tank is made of an iron plate, the material in contact with the iron plate wall is not circulated by air. Therefore, there is a problem that anaerobic microorganisms are liable to proliferate in that part. Therefore, when using the large-sized compost tank, it is necessary to perform a process of blowing a large amount of air or the like to the wall portion so that the fermentation can be uniformly performed in the tank. The management of the compost tank is troublesome because it may be required. Further, when composing a prefabricated compost tank by combining iron plates, it is necessary to regulate the size of the compost tank, and there is a problem that a tank of any size from small to large cannot be formed. is there. However, for example, when a farmer intends to set up a composting tank, it is required to configure a prefabricated composting tank in accordance with the amount of waste discharged and other conditions. It is necessary to be able to sufficiently respond to such various kinds of requests.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the conventional compost processing apparatus. The first object of the present invention is to make it possible to easily construct a compost tank of any size by combining wall members. A second object is to form the wall of the compost tank from a material having air permeability, and to allow the wall member to contain microorganisms and nutrients for the microorganisms.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing a compost by storing a compost material in a compost treatment tank and breeding useful microorganisms used for the compost fermentation. The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is characterized in that the wall member of the compost treatment tank is constituted by containing useful microorganisms used for compost fermentation and nutrient components used for propagation of the microorganisms. The present invention is characterized in that microorganisms supplied together with the compost material therein and microorganisms supplied from the wall member are bred for the compost material stored in the container to produce compost. The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the wall member constituting the compost tank is constituted by a porous concrete plate, and is provided with air permeability in the thickness direction of the concrete plate, and a hole formed in the plate is formed. The panel is constructed by impregnating the microorganisms with nutrients.

A third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the compost tank is constructed by combining panels, and is formed to have an arbitrary size according to the number of combinations of the panels. The invention according to claim 4 is that, inside the compost treatment tank, a perforated pipe for air supply vertically arranged at a predetermined interval, and an intermediate support member provided in a plurality of stages in the height direction in the tank. Provided,
The intermediate support member is configured by arranging projecting members at a predetermined interval at an upper portion with respect to a rod-shaped member in which a rod-shaped member is arranged orthogonally in a horizontal direction, and moving the rod-shaped member in an axial direction. Thereby, the compost is loosened and dropped.

[0007] With the above-described configuration, in the compost production apparatus of the present invention, by supplying air and microorganisms from the wall member, the compost material in contact with the wall member in the tank is excellent. The fermentation of the compost can be promoted in the condition, and the growth of the anaerobic microorganisms can be suppressed, and the compost can be produced in a good condition. Further, by composing the wall member of the compost treatment tank with porous concrete, the size of the tank can be arbitrarily formed. And, for the compost material stored in the compost tank,
By growing microorganisms supplied from the wall member and microorganisms contained in the compost material and supplying a large amount of air from inside and outside, compost fermentation in which the growth of anaerobic microorganisms is suppressed can be performed.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A compost production apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the illustrated example. The example shown in FIG. 1 shows an example in which a compost processing tank is configured by combining panel members, and a small compost processing tank 1 has a frame 2 on a substructure 6 constructed on the ground. Is constructed, and a plurality of panel members 10 are arranged side by side with respect to the frame. In addition, since a large opening is formed on the composting tank 1, an arbitrary lid member 5 or a roof is disposed in the upper opening so that the odor or the like inside does not leak. I do. The compost processing tank 1 is configured so that a relatively small amount of compost can be manufactured. However, depending on a method of assembling the panel member 10, the compost processing tank 1 can be constructed as an arbitrary size.

FIG. 2 shows an example in which a relatively large composting tank 1a is constructed. In this embodiment of the composting tank 1 also, frames 2 to 4 are provided on a substructure 6. Is constructed by disposing the panel member 10 around it. In addition, when the position of the upper opening is very high in the compost processing tank 1a, it is difficult to put the compost material. Therefore, the conveyors 7 and 8 are arranged and a mechanical transport method is adopted. be able to. Then, the compost material put into the lower hopper 7a is conveyed to the upper part by the conveyor 7, and is conveyed to the conveyor 8 via the hopper 8a.
By this, it can be transported to a predetermined position and thrown into the compost treatment tank. The transfer of the compost material can be performed using an arbitrary device. For example, a device such as a bucket mounted on an agricultural tractor can be used.

In the example of the compost treatment tank shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the substructure 6 may be provided with a chute or other means for facilitating the collection of the dropped ripe compost. It is also possible to provide a watering means for collecting water oozing out of the tank and spraying it again from above the tank. Further, it is possible to assemble a panel member directly on the ground without installing the main body of the compost treatment tank via a substructure, and to construct a direct-installation type compost treatment tank. In the constructed device, it is possible to remove part of the panel member when removing the ripe compost,
After that, the panel member can be assembled again in the tank and used for the next compost production.

In order to construct the composting tank, a tank combining panel members is constructed. As the panel member, one constructed as shown in FIG. 3 can be used. The panel member 10 shown in FIG. 3 is a plate-like member made of porous concrete. The width and length of the panel member 10 are, for example, 1 × 2 m standard products, and connection portions 11 are provided on both sides thereof. Provided. As the connection part 11,
The protrusions 12 and the recesses 13 are provided at the edge portion of the panel member main body, and in a state where the unevenness of the connection portion of the two panel members is combined, the holes are formed through the protrusions of the two panel members vertically. The rod-like member 14 such as a reinforcing bar can be inserted and fixed. The rod-shaped member 14 needs to be formed using a corrosion-resistant material such as stainless steel in consideration of the fact that acid-based liquid is leached from compost fermented inside the tank. Further, as a method of connecting the panel members, any connection method can be used, and a concave groove is provided in the side frame and the upper and lower frames, and the end of the panel member is provided in the concave groove. In a state in which is inserted, the panel members can be arranged in parallel to construct a compost treatment tank.

The panel member 10 is, as described later,
It is constructed as a porous concrete plate,
Fungi that effectively act on compost fermentation in the minute holes of the plate,
It contains nutrients and the like required for the growth of fungi. In the panel member shown in FIG. 3, a hole 15 for passing the rod-shaped member is provided at a predetermined position in advance so as to penetrate it at a predetermined interval, and a rod for stirring (composting and loosening) is provided through the hole 15. Is to be attached.

In the composting tank 1 constructed by combining the panel members, an air supply pipe 20 for supplying air as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 and a consolidation of the compost material put into the tank are provided. And an intermediate support portion 30 for preventing the occurrence of the above. As the air supply pipe 20, a pipe member having an arbitrary diameter made of a material which is hardly corroded is used, and a cap member 21 is mounted on an upper portion thereof to prevent the material from entering the inside of the pipe. In addition, the air supply pipes 20 are arranged in the tank at regular intervals, for example, at 1 m intervals. However, depending on the material to be treated, the intervals can be appropriately changed, and the lower part of the air supply pipes is composted. The processing tank is supported by the lower frame 4 so that air can be taken in from below. The air supply pipe 20 is provided with a large number of holes 22 of an arbitrary size at predetermined intervals, and air is supplied into the compost through the holes provided in the air supply pipe, and aerobic useful microorganisms are provided. Although the breeding action of the kind is actively performed, it is preferable to form a gap where the air escapes from the upper part of the pipe at the mounting portion of the cap member 21 disposed at the top of the air supply pipe 20.

In the compost treatment tank 1, as shown in FIG. 6, an intermediate support 3 is provided at a predetermined interval in the height direction.
0, 30a... Are arranged, and the intermediate support portion includes:
The orthogonal rod-shaped members 31, 35 are provided in a lattice shape. The horizontal bar member and the orthogonal bar member are configured by providing a bar-shaped member with an upward projection, and can be moved in the axial direction by using a handle provided to protrude on the side of the compost treatment tank. Make up. The horizontal bar member and the orthogonal bar member are configured as members having the same shape. In the example of the horizontal bar member 31, both ends of the rod 32 are exposed toward the outside of the panel member 10. Handle 33 for exposed part
Are mounted, and projecting members 34 are projected upward at predetermined intervals from the rod. And the said horizontal bar member and orthogonal bar member are arrange | positioned in a mesh form, and a compost material is supported in the middle, and it supports so that a large pressure may not be applied to the lowermost part. When the compost fermentation proceeds and the compost becomes a lump and it is difficult to drop to the lower part, the horizontal bar member 31 and the orthogonal rod member 35 are respectively slid in the axial direction, and the lump is It can be loosened and discharged as if dropped.

When producing compost using the composting tank 1, first, a long material such as straw is laid with a predetermined thickness as a compost material, and the compost material is laid under the lowermost portion. Is deposited on the intermediate support 30. Then, an appropriate amount of a compost material and a microorganism or a fully-composted compost is mixed as a supply source of the microorganism, and a compost fermentation is performed while air is supplied from the air supply pipe by natural ventilation. As described above, as the composting of the material progresses while the compost fermentation is being promoted, the bulk of the material inside the composting tank gradually decreases. While composting in a composting tank is continued while supplying the compost in a stack.

Further, as composting progresses, it is assumed that the material is likely to be agglomerated and may be suspended on the intermediate support, so that it is orthogonal to the horizontal bar member disposed on the intermediate support. The bar member is reciprocated in the axial direction, and the lump is loosened and dropped by the protruding member, and a process is performed to further mature the semi-ripened compost deposited on the lower intermediate support portion. By performing the above-described processes sequentially, the compost discharged from the lower part of the composting tank becomes ripe, and the compost fermentation in the tank is performed in good condition on the materials stacked from the top. It is possible to make it.

In the above composting tank, air is supplied from an air supply pipe to the compost material contained in the tank, thereby suppressing the growth of anaerobic harmful microorganisms.
Useful microorganisms added to the material can be grown. In addition, for a material that is compacted below the deposition layer on the intermediate support, a slight gap is formed below each intermediate support, and fresh air is supplied from the air supply pipe to the gap. Since air is supplied, it does not hinder the compost fermentation. Furthermore, by adding the action of eliminating the consolidation state as needed using the horizontal bar member and the orthogonal rod member, the compost material during fermentation is dropped onto the lower layer while loosening,
A fermented compost can be easily produced by continuing the fermentation action.

As described above, the air supplied through the air supply pipe can promote the compost fermentation of the material. However, the air supplied to the material in contact with the wall of the composting tank is supplied with air. Cannot be performed well. Therefore, in the present invention, the panel member constituting the compost treatment tank is constituted by preliminarily containing a microorganism and a nutrient source for the microorganism, and the panel member is constituted by a porous material. , So that air can be supplied from the wall. Therefore, by composing the composting tank using the porous panel member, even in a portion closely or close to the tank wall, the growth of aerobic microorganisms can be promoted, and the odor caused by the growth of anaerobic microorganisms can be reduced. The occurrence can be prevented.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The panel member constituting the compost treatment tank can be constituted by using a porous concrete plate, and the effective microbes and nutrients to be supplied to the compost fermentation are supplied to minute holes formed in the plate. Sources can be included. As the concrete plate used for the panel member, for example, a commercially available porous lightweight concrete plate is used, and the concrete plate is immersed in a solution in which microorganisms and nutrients are mixed, soaked in minute holes, and then dried. However, it can be configured as described below.

To make a porous concrete board,
A plate is prepared according to the following steps, and the plate is made to contain a microorganism and a nutrient source for the microorganism. First, a lightweight aggregate and cement and crushed styrene foam are mixed together, mixed with water and additives, and the same thickness as in the case of making a normal concrete board, with a reinforcing bar inserted inside to a predetermined thickness Create a board. After curing the concrete plate, it is subjected to a heat treatment to dissolve the styrofoam component, thereby forming a porous plate. The porous concrete plate is immersed in an aqueous solution containing a mixture of microorganisms and nutrients therefor, and after a few days, the voids inside the plate contain microorganisms and nutrients. The plate containing the microorganisms or the like in the holes is heat-treated at low temperature or air-dried to prepare a concrete plate, which is used as a panel member of a composting tank.

When a concrete plate is prepared as described above, styrene foam to be mixed into the mortar is, for example, crushed to a size of 5 to 10 mm. The small particles of the styrene foam have a surface area of It has a feature that it is large and that a large amount of irregularities are formed on its surface when it is crushed. Since the cement milk easily adheres to the surface of the particles, the particles are solidified in a state where the particles are uniformly dispersed in the mortar even when stirring with mixing with the lightweight aggregate. Further, the styrofoam is 10
Since it is easily melted by heating to 0 ° C. or more, the concrete plate is placed in a heating furnace and uniformly heated to the inside of the plate.

In order to dissolve the polystyrene foam contained in the concrete plate, it is possible to use, for example, a material for dissolving polystyrene foam using a citrus extract. Then, the concrete plate is immersed in the solution of the dissolving material, and after a predetermined period of time, the styrene foam inside the concrete plate is dissolved, extracted, and dried to form a porous concrete plate. In addition, when using the method of dissolving and removing the polystyrene foam, the citrus extract component remains in the dried concrete plate, but the citrus extract component may be used to contain fungi and nutrient components thereafter. In addition, it remains contained in the pores of the concrete in a diluted state. Since the extract component is considered to be used as nutrients for microorganisms in the production of compost, it is not particularly necessary to perform a strong removal treatment.

By performing the above-mentioned heat treatment, all the polystyrene particles contained in the inside of the plate are dissolved, so that voids are formed in the inside of the plate. The voids formed inside the plate are defined by the mixing ratio of the styrofoam particles in the concrete. For example, when approximately 20% of the particles are mixed with respect to the volume of the concrete, the gap is extremely large. Many voids are formed continuously in the thickness direction of the plate. In addition, as the granular material, any material other than styrofoam can be formed into granules as long as it is a plastic that dissolves at a temperature that does not significantly deteriorate the properties of concrete. The porosity and the size of the holes in the panel member can be arbitrarily set by adjusting the mixing ratio of the heat-meltable material and arbitrarily selecting the size of the particles. The plastic component that is dissolved by heat is not harmful to the growth of microorganisms, and it is not necessary to discharge the plastic component from the plate. From the concrete, the plastic component remaining in the concrete is reduced, and the concrete can be used as a panel member.

As described above, a porous concrete plate is formed, and then the plate is made through the above-mentioned steps. The concrete plate can be used as a panel member of a composting tank. Then, the microorganisms and nutrients held by the panel member effectively act, and the fermentation action of the compost material on the portion near the wall in the tank can be promoted. In addition, since air enters the tank through the hole penetrating the panel member, it promotes the growth of microorganisms that effectively act on compost fermentation, and the nutrient components contained in the panel member activate the microorganisms. By suppressing the growth of sexual microorganisms, it is possible to prevent the generation of offensive odors.

In the present embodiment, as the microorganisms that effectively act on compost production, for example, filamentous fungi such as lactic acid bacteria, natto bacteria, koji molds, and Bacillus subtilis can be used. Also,
As nutrient components, in addition to proteins such as nucleic acids and amino acids, and saccharides such as small sugars and polysaccharides, chitin, calcium, iron, and other trace minerals that have been ionized with low molecular weight can be used. Then, by immersing the porous plate member in an aqueous solution in which the effective microorganisms and nutrient components are mixed with water, the air contained in the holes is expelled, the solution enters, and the solution is dried. Thus, a panel member can be created.

In the compost tank constructed by combining the panels, the microorganisms held in the panels are sequentially supplied into the compost material, and are used for compost fermentation while utilizing the nutrients held in the panels. Microorganisms gradually grow. In addition, a part of the microorganisms grown by the compost fermentation is returned to the panel and further grown, so that the growth of the microorganisms between the panel and the compost is infinitely continuous. And, by effectively utilizing the air supplied from the outside of the tank, the growth of anaerobic microorganisms is suppressed, and even when odorous components are emitted toward the outside of the panel, when passing through the small holes of the panel. ,
Since the malodor component is decomposed by the microorganisms growing in the panel, it is possible to prevent the malodor from leaking out.

[0027]

As described above, in the compost manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, by supplying air and microorganisms from the wall member, the compost production device according to the present invention can reduce the compost material in contact with the wall member in the tank. Compost fermentation can be promoted in a favorable state, and the growth of anaerobic microorganisms can be suppressed, and a compost can be produced in a favorable state. Further, by composing the wall member of the compost treatment tank with porous concrete, the size of the tank can be arbitrarily formed. And, for the compost material stored in the compost tank,
By growing microorganisms supplied from the wall member and microorganisms contained in the compost material and supplying a large amount of air from inside and outside, compost fermentation in which the growth of anaerobic microorganisms is suppressed can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a compost treatment tank of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing another configuration of the compost treatment tank.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a panel constituting an outer wall of a compost processing tank.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an internal configuration of a compost processing tank.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the processing tank of FIG.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged explanatory view of a component shown in FIG. 4;

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 composting tank, 2-4 frame, 6 foundation structure, 10 panel, 11 connection, 14
Connection member, 20 Air supply pipe, 30 Intermediate support member, 31, 35 Bar-shaped member, 34, 38 Projection member.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An apparatus for producing a compost by storing a compost material in a compost treatment tank and breeding useful microorganisms used for the compost fermentation, wherein the wall member of the compost treatment tank is used for the compost fermentation. And a nutrient component used for the propagation of the microorganisms. The microorganism is supplied together with the compost material to the compost material accommodated in the compost treatment tank and supplied from the wall member. A compost production apparatus characterized in that compost is produced by breeding microorganisms. 2. A wall member constituting the compost tub is formed of a porous concrete plate, which is provided with air permeability in a thickness direction of the concrete plate, and microorganisms are contained in pores formed in the plate. The compost production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the panel is constituted by impregnating the nutrients with a nutrient. 3. The compost production apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the compost tank is constituted by combining panels, and is formed to have an arbitrary size according to the number of combinations of the panels. 4. Inside the compost treatment tank, there are provided a perforated pipe for air supply vertically disposed at a predetermined interval, and an intermediate support member provided in a plurality of stages in a height direction in the tank. The intermediate supporting member is configured by disposing a protruding member at a predetermined interval at an upper portion with respect to a bar-shaped member in which the bar-shaped member is arranged perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and moving the bar-shaped member in the axial direction. The compost manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the compost is made to loosen and fall.