JPH11308796A - Dc machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a DC machine, wherein the diameter of a commutator itself is small and structure is simple in spite of it's being a multipolar machine, and large torque and low noise can be expected. SOLUTION: A DC motor (a) is equipped with an armature (e) having 12 slots, three commutator segments f1 , f2 , f3 , two brushes (g), and a pair of field magnets M. Coils in which three virtual planes P, Q, R are made the respective symmetrical planes at positions passing through the rotating shaft of the armature (e) and shifted by 120 deg. of a center angle, two sets of slots are selected on both sides of the respective symmetrical planes, and the slots of each set are set as coil sides constitute a pair of parallel and plane-symmetrical coil groups with respect to the above symmetrical planes. This coil group is set as an armature coil (d), and the DC motor (a) is equipped with three armature coils d1 , d2 , d3 .

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a DC machine,
The commutator piece has the characteristic of three pieces, and despite this, the number of teeth generated by the slot formation is 12, 24, 36,.
The carbon brush can be used even for a commutator having a small diameter, and an electronic circuit for eliminating sparks caused by rotation can be manufactured at a minimum cost even if a metal brush is used. Related to DC machines.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 9 shows a configuration of a DC motor as a conventional small DC motor. Fig. 9 shows the main part of the iron core of a three-pole, three-commutator-strip minimotor. Its structure is simple, and it has a small size due to its low cost and practicality even with some disadvantages such as vibration. The mainstream of. In FIG. 9, reference symbol e denotes an armature, C denotes a slot, Cs denotes a coil side, i denotes a tooth (hereinafter, a tooth is also called a pole, and a motor having three teeth is called a three-pole motor), f is a commutator, g indicates a brush, and M indicates a field magnet. Further, im indicates the center position of the rotation surface of each tooth, and Nm and Sm indicate the center position of the polarity N or S surface of the field magnet M in contact with the armature, respectively.

[0003] Here, if the rotation free electric supply is left, the armature e
Is primarily stationary with Nm and Sm and the center O of the rotation axis being on a straight line. Also in the case of each tooth, a stable stationary state is obtained in a state where Nm, im and Sm are in a straight line, and a force is required to escape from this state. In particular, when the armature is increased in size or when a strong magnetic material is used for the field magnet, a force is required to come out of a stable state, and this is vibration during rotation. In order to suppress the vibration, the conventional DC machine requires a means such as covering the whole with an elastic body such as rubber.

When the number of poles of the armature e is an even number, the two teeth are symmetrical with respect to the rotation center O, so that the center position im of both tooth flanks and the center positions Nm, Sm of the two field magnets and The center position O of rotation is aligned on a straight line, and the force of stationary stability is increased. In general, however, the influence of vibration is reduced by increasing the number of poles.

FIG. 10 shows a configuration of a conventional DC machine in which the number of poles of the armature is increased as described above. FIG. 10 shows a case in which the number of slots and the number of commutator pieces are 10, and is used as a power source for driving a wiper of an automobile or opening and closing a window.

The DC motor a is composed of a laminated core b of an armature.
, Ten slots C are formed and ten armature coils d are wound, an armature e having the same number of slots as commutator pieces f, and two for feeding power to the armature coils d. It has a brush g and a pair of N and S field magnets M arranged around the armature e.

The armature core b is formed with _ten slots C ₁ ,..., C ₁₀ at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, so that the armature core b has ten teeth i ₁ ,. i ₁₀ are formed. The armature coil d ₁ has one slot C,
A slot C which is one nearer to the center is selected and wound. For this example of which is wound to choose the slot C ₁ and C _5. This is because, when a coil wire is wound around a slot located at a position shifted by 180 degrees at the central angle, the rotation shaft and the commutator are present, which hinders the winding of the mass production system. .

It is an object of the present invention to improve a small DC machine which has a pair of field magnets and emphasizes the coil winding method as described above. When a wire is wound around two slots, the characteristic of such a motor is 180 degrees as an ideal.
A position shifted by a degree (eg, C ₆ for C ₁ ) is desirable, but for the above-described reason, a slot closer to one is selected.

A specific method of winding a coil wire between two slots will be described with reference to FIG.
For example the wire connected to the commutator segments f ₁ first slot C ₁
Has gradually to, is brought in the direction pierce the back side from the plane of the front side, it is brought to the second slot C ₅ through paper back, now bring in a direction projecting to the plane surface from the back side again C through the paper front ₁ and the finished wire is wound by the number of times of the design in this way and the commutator piece f ₁
Adjacent to the slot C ₅ side to connect to the next commutator segment f _2. Each commutator piece has an opening angle of 36 degrees and is disposed on the shaft, but is shown outside the armature for the purpose of drawing.

The winding example shown in FIG. 11 is clockwise, but may be any direction. However, it is necessary to unify the winding directions of all other coils in the same direction. Cs _1a and Cs in the figure
_5b is a wire in each slot C _1, C _5, a valid line element in rotation, a coil side called part. Here, the suffixes a and b indicate the direction of the wire rod from the front side to the back side of the paper surface and b from the back side to the front side.

A broken line connecting C _s1a and C _s5b represents an end connection h ₁ . Thus, C _s1a -h ₁ -C
with _s5b -h ₁ form one armature coil d _1.
Similarly between the commutator segments f ₂ and f _3, the coil side C
_s2a, end connections h _2, the coil side C _s6b, armature coils d ₂ consisting of end connections h ₂ is formed. The following ten armature coils as such armature coil d ₃ between the to commutator segments f ₃ and f ₄ in the same manner is formed.

These ten armature coils d ₁ ,...
d _10, one on one commutator segment f _n, the other is respectively connected to the commutator segment f _{(n + 1)} adjacent thereto. Note figure each coil side of d ₄ after to become complicated, the display of the connection line between the code and the coil side and the commutator pieces of the end connections are omitted.

As shown in FIG. 10, the two brushes g are arranged at positions shifted from each other by 180 degrees in the circumferential direction so as to resiliently contact one commutator piece f. g is separately connected to a positive electrode and a negative electrode of an electrode (not shown). The commutator segment f ₁ brush g ⁺ is when the armature e is in the state of FIG. 10, the brush g ^- are respectively in contact with the commutator pieces f _6. The field magnet M is positioned 180 degrees in the circumferential direction so that different magnetic poles face each other. The positional relationship between the polarity of the brush g and the polarity of the field magnet M will be discussed with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is an exploded view for explaining the operation of the electric motor. Here, when the brush g is elastically connected to the commutator piece as shown in FIG.

That is, the positive power supply -g ⁺ -f ₁ -C _s1a -C _{s5b-
(F 2) -C s2a -C s6b} - (f 3) -C s3a -C s7b - (f
_{4) -C s4a -C s8b - (} f 5) -C s5a -C s9b -f 6 -g -
A negative power supply and another circuit is a positive power supply -g ⁺ -f ₁ -C
_{s4b -C s10a - (f 10)} -C s3b -C s9a - (f 9) -C
_{s2b -C s8a - (f 8)} -C s1b -C s7a - (f 7) -C s10b
-C _s6a -f ₆ -g ^-- _{Generates a} negative power supply. The path (f _n ) passes through the commutator piece f _n but has nothing to do with the power supply. The direction of the current flowing through the coil side in each slot is indicated by an arrow.

As is clear from FIG. 12, the slots C _{1 to} C ₄
The direction of the current flowing through the two coils side of the inner matches all, but in opposite directions match all the direction the former of the current flowing through the two coils side in the slot C ₆ -C _9. Accordingly, when the field magnets N and S are placed as shown in the figure corresponding to the coil side, the armature e rotates in the direction of the arrow. The direction of the current flowing through the coil side of the slot C ₅ and C ₁₀ in the figure is both because it is in the opposite direction is a non-magnetized state. Therefore, they are not involved in rotation, but both are near the boundary of the field magnet M and do not significantly affect the characteristics of the motor.

The brushes g ⁺ and g ^- are placed at positions shifted by 180 degrees as described above, but when the coil side terminal in one slot of the armature e is connected to a commutator piece within the central angle of the slot. brush g ⁺ in, g ^- corresponds per boundary polarity field magnets. This brush or the like developed view because any free terminals of the armature coil side are connected to which commutator segments g ^+, g ^- the position minimum a position of no-load current during rotation determines the approximately determined that the the Become.

[0017]

As described above, in a conventional DC machine in which the number of poles of the armature is increased to suppress vibration, one armature coil d has one commutator piece f. However, there was a disadvantage that the structure became more and more complicated as the number of poles increased. Also, if there are many commutator pieces, the connection and disconnection between the rotating brush and the commutator pieces will increase, and therefore, sparks will occur frequently.Especially, when using a metal-based brush as the brush, provide an electronic circuit etc. for spark absorption However, there is a drawback that the cost increases.

[0018] It is often used carbon-based brush as the brush in the case of a multi-pole DC motor, but carbon also had to impart some degree absolutely circumferential direction of the thickness brittle. In order to prevent the brush from contacting over many commutator pieces, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the commutator itself, and in a small motor that emphasizes this winding method, the commutator hinders the winding operation. There were incompatible issues.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and reduces the diameter of the commutator itself by using three commutator pieces regardless of the number of poles so as not to hinder the winding operation. The cost of an electronic circuit that absorbs the occurrence of sparks at the time of contact switching of the commutator pieces is low, and a commutator with a small diameter can be used even if a carbon brush is used. The structure is simple, the rotational force is strong, and the vibration is minute. The aim is to provide a DC machine that can be expected to be used.

[0020]

In order to solve the above problem, a DC machine according to the present invention has a slot number of 12n (n is 1).
Armatures of the above), three commutator pieces, two brushes respectively contacting the commutator pieces, a pair of N and S field magnets arranged around the armature, and a predetermined number of Three armature coils wound between the slots, three imaginary planes virtually existing at positions deviated from each other at a central angle of 120 degrees through the rotation axis of the armature as symmetry planes, The armature coil chooses the closest and parallel 12n / 6 sets of slots on each side of this plane of symmetry,
The coils each having a slot on each side as a coil side form a pair or a plurality of pairs of parallel coil groups with respect to the symmetry plane, and these coil groups constitute one armature coil.

Each armature coil having each imaginary plane as a plane of symmetry is composed of 4n slots. One or more pairs of end connections of the armature coil formed by winding a coil wire around the selected slot, and The coil side is parallel and plane-symmetric with respect to the plane of symmetry. The winding operation is facilitated by winding the coil in a parallel and plane symmetric manner.

[0022]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a DC motor, in which the number of slots is twelve. This is n
= 2 = 24 poles, n = 3 = 36 poles. This DC motor differs from the conventional DC motor mainly in the number of commutator pieces and the winding method. The configuration and operation of each member are the same as those described in the conventional example.

The DC motor a has an armature e in which _three armature coils d ₁ , d ₂ and d ₃ are wound on a laminated iron core b of an armature silicon steel plate, and three armatures of the same number as the armature coils. Commutator pieces f ₁ , f ₂ , f ₃ , brushes g ⁺ , g ⁻ for supplying power to the armature coil, and a pair of N, S field magnets M arranged around the armature e. Have. The armature laminated core b has twelve slots C ₁ ,..., C ₁₂ formed at the same angle in the circumferential direction, so that the same number of twelve teeth i ₁ ,.
i ₁₂ are formed.

Here, the plane passing through the center line of the teeth i ₁ and i ₇ is defined as P
Plane, the plane passing through the center line of the teeth i ₅ , i ₁₁ is the Q plane, the teeth i ₉ , i
_The plane passing through the center line of the _three planes is defined as the R plane. Each of these planes forms a central angle of 120 degrees, but is arbitrarily selected and not specified. The armature coil d is wound with these virtual surfaces as symmetry surfaces.

[0025] the slot C _1, of the · · · C _12, suitably selected been 12n ÷ 3 (n = 1 in case 4) slots coil wire is wound on one of the armature coils with respect to each plane of symmetry d is formed.

The slots C, the teeth i and the commutator pieces f are numbered in a counterclockwise direction, and the commutator pieces positioned at the center angle of the PR plane are defined as f ₁ , PQ plane and QR plane. The commutator pieces sandwiched between are f ₂ and f ₃ . The positions of the commutator segments in the circumferential direction are not specified, but are in accordance with customary practices.

The first and one coil armature coil d1 is wound slots C12 and C7 wound, another side coils wound slot C ₁ and C ₆ wound wound around the plane P as the plane of symmetry The end connections h _P and h _P ′ formed by these windings are plane-symmetric with respect to the plane of symmetry P. C _s1 in FIG, · · · C _s12 is a portion called the coil side with line elements of the winding wire in the slot. As shown by symbols in FIG. 1, these coil sides are wound in a direction penetrating from the front side to the back side of the page and the opposite direction.

[0028] C ₁₂ and C _7, C ₁ and the case where turning each winding forming the armature coil d ₁ to C _6, rectifying one end of the winding child piece f ₁
Connected to slot C ₁₂ and wire wound the number of winding design in the clockwise direction C ₇ is going to have this C ₁ C ₁
And wire rod finished winding by performing the same number of turns in the same direction by the same method to C ₆ are connected to the commutator segment f _2. Thereby, the armature coils d ₁ wound around C ₁₂ and C ₇ and C ₁ and C ₆ form end connections of h _P and h _P ′, respectively, which are parallel to the P plane and plane with respect to the P plane. Forming symmetry.

Next, the slots C ₄ and C _{11 are obtained} from the commutator piece f _2.
The C ₅ and a coil wound around the C ₁₀ are each h _Q, to form an end connection h _Q ', parallel to the plane of symmetry Q, and Q
Forming the armature coil d ₂ becomes plane symmetry with respect to the surface, the wire was finished winding is connected to commutator segments f _3, followed by f ₃ and f ₁
Just as the wire rod has finished winding forming the armature coil d ₃ allowed to form a single closed circuit as a whole go with the f ₁ during.

[0030] g ^+, g ^- the brush that elastic contact with the commutator segments, a positive power supply, respectively, Yes connected to the negative power supply, in contact with a position opposite to each tooth i _1, i ₇ in FIG. 1 ing.

[0031] Next Figure 2 is a developed view for explaining the operation of the electric motor of Figure 1, since the brush g is to move the position by the rotation, in each case g ⁺ is G ^1, G ² · ·, g ^- the G ₁ ', G ₂ ' ...
And M _{1 to} M ₁ ′ and M _{2 to} M ₂ ′ indicate the boundary positions of N and S of the polarity of the field magnet M that change with rotation. Also F ₁
To F ₃ indicates a boundary position of the commutator segments.

In general, the motor is fixed to a field magnet, the brush is fixed to a yoke, and the armature rotates. However, since these positional relationships are relative, for convenience of explanation, the armature is fixed and rectified. The armature and the field magnet move together, and the relationship between the current flowing on the coil side of the armature and the field is examined.

The position of the brush g ₊ in G _1, when the armature is assumed to rotate in the direction of the arrow, indicates a position immediately after leaving contact with the commutator segments f _2, brush g ^- of G ₁ 'is at 180 degrees with the central angle. In this embodiment, since the metal brush is used as the brush, the contact with the commutator piece is a line parallel to the rotation axis.

In the state shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, f ₁ is connected to the + power supply, and f ₃ is connected to the − power supply. When rotated about 60 degrees from this state, G ₁ becomes G ₂ and G ₁ ′. Moves to G ₂ ′. Here, G ₂ ′ reaches immediately before the boundary position F ₃ between f ₃ and f ₂ . In this case f ₁ is + power, f ₃ becomes - power connection. That f ₁ is f ₃ to the + power source - the state in contact with the power source, 'when the reaches the _{F 3, G 1 G 2,} G 1' G 2 angle is approximately 60 degrees G ₂ ', i.e. field magnets Difference between the open angle of the commutator and the open angle of the commutator piece, 180 ° -120 °
= 60 °. While this G ₁ reaches G ₂ , f ₁
It is + power, f ₃ is - no change in the state of the current flowing through the coil side with power connection.

That is, there are the following two circuits for the current flowing between f ₁ and f ₃ . + Power -f ₁ - armature coil d ₁ -
(F ₂ ) −armature coil d ₂ −f ₃ −−power supply and + power supply−
f ₁ - armature coil d ₃ -f ₃ - it is a power supply. The direction of the current flowing through each coil side is indicated by an arrow in the figure. The direction of the current flowing through each coil side will be described in detail.
f ₁ −C _s12 −C _s7 −C _s1 −C _s6 − (f ₂ ) −C _s4 −C _s11
−C _s6 −C _s10 −f ₃ −− power supply and + power supply −f ₁ −C _s2 −
C _s9 -C _s4 -C _s8 -f _3- Two power supplies.
Here, the position where the P plane cuts through the field magnet M is defined as a boundary where the polarity of the field magnet is different, and this boundary is defined as M ₁ , and the other boundary is M ₁ ′ having a central angle of 180 degrees with this.

[0036] M ₂ reaches the position forming the opening angle of the M ₁ M ₂ is 60 degrees, M ₂ 'is also M ₁ M ₂ in position opening angle of 60 degrees. FIG.
In the column, the ME column shows how the polar surface of the field magnet M moves, and the M ₁ M ₁ ′ surface is an N pole and moves to the M ₂ M ₂ ′ surface. When examining the relationship between the coil sides of the pole faces and the slots of the field magnets M, the inter-color C _s12 and C _s11,
Between Hani, C _s6 and C _s5 bite into each other between other magnetic polarities, and these two have an offset relationship. C _s10 , C _s9 , C _s8 , and C _s7 are on the pole N
_s4 , _Cs3 , _Cs2 , and _Cs1 are stably on the S-plane and are in contact with the center of the field magnet. C _s12 and C _s11 and C
_{Since s6} and _Cs5 are near the boundary between the polarities N and S of the field magnet, there is no significant effect. Also, in the figure, E and He are I and B, respectively.
When G is at the intermediate position between C and D and G is at this position, the canceling phenomenon disappears and the state is the best.

[0037] Figure 3 position the brush is in G ₁ in FIG. 2, i.e. shows a case of being in contact with both the commutator segment f ₂ and f _1. At this time, the brush G ₁ ′ connected to the power source is in contact at a 180 ° central angle. In this state, the commutator f ₁ f ₂ is connected to the + power source and the commutator piece f ₃ is connected to the − power source, and the armature coil is provided between the commutator pieces f ₁ and f _3. d ₃ is, so that the armature coil d ₂ exists between the commutator segments f ₂ and commutator segments f _3.

The specific circuit is: + power supply-brush G ₁ -C _s2
−C _s9 −C _s3 −C _s8 −f ₃ −G ₁ ′ − power supply and + power supply − brush G ₁ −f ₂ −C _s4 −C _s11 −C _s5 −C _s10 −f ₃ −G ₁ ′ −
There are two circuits for the power supply. Note armature coil d ₁ is at both ends f _1, the current for the f ₂ does not flow. As for the boundary position of the field magnet, M ₁ is located on the P plane, and M ₁ ′ is located at a position separated from the central angle by 180 degrees. In FIG. 3, C _s5 , C _s4 , C _s3 and C _s2 are S
In the plane, and C _s11 , C _s10 , C _s9 , C _s8 border the pole face N. Both ends are located at both ends of these four coil sides with no current.

FIG. 4 shows that the brush reaches the position G ₂ ′ and the commutator piece f
₃ and in contact with f _2, a state diagram is brush to be connected to + supply is in contact with the commutator segments f ₁ in G _2. In this case the armature coil d ₁ is sandwiched between the commutator segment f ₁ and f _2, but the armature coil d ₃ is sandwiched between the commutator segment f ₁ and the commutator pieces f _3, the armature both ends of the coil d ₂ is no current flows for the same power.

The specific circuit is as follows: + power supply-brush G ₂ -f _1-
C _s2 −C _s9 −C _s3 −C _s8 −f ₃ −Brush G ₂ ′ −power supply and +
Power - brush _{G 2 -f 1 -C s12 -C s7} -C s1 -C s6 -f 2 -
Brush G ₂ ′ —Two circuits for the power supply. C _s9 , C _s8 ,
C _s7 , C _s6 are on the N-plane, and C _s3 , C _s2 , C _s1 , C _s12
Is in contact with the pole surface S, and the armature rotates in the direction of the arrow.

In each of FIGS. 1 to 4, a metal piece was used as a brush. Metal brushes have low resistance and good characteristics,
Generates sparks during rotation. Since sparks have various adverse effects on the equipment used, it is common to use electronic circuits to absorb the sparks. Since there are three commutators, the cost is sufficient at a minimum. Carbon brushes are often used as brushes to prevent sparks. Carbon-based nature needs to have a certain thickness to just circumferentially brittle. Therefore, the point contact in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 becomes a line contact in the circumferential direction, and the contact current of the coil side with respect to the field magnets N and S is four in each case for a long time. This state is also C _s11 and C _s5 , C _s10 and C _s4 , C _s9 and C _s3 , C _s8 and C _s2 in FIG. 3 and C _s9 and C _s3 , C _s8 and C _s2 , C _s7 and C _s7 in FIG. C _s1 , C _s6 and C _s12 are each forming a couple.

The same applies to the 12-pole motor shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the 24-pole motor shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 described below, and the 36-pole motor shown in FIG. When the armature coil is formed at the sandwiched position, the positions of the brushes g ⁺ and g ⁻ are located at the boundary positions between the N and S polarities of the field magnet. Note that this positioning is preferably determined when the operation is actually performed and the current at the time of no load becomes minimum.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show another embodiment in which the number of slots is n = 2. FIG. 5 shows that each slot in FIG. 1 is divided into two parts based on the case where n = 1 in FIG. Here, divided name symmetry plane P of each slot, Q, are indicated by the subscripts from the side closer with respect to each side of the R, for example, C ₁₂ and C ₁ forming symmetrical with respect the plane P, C ₆ and C ₇ Oite C _12-1 and C
_1-1 , _C6-1 , _C7-1, and 1 are indicated by subscripts. The slot closer to the second C _12-2 and C _1-2, represented by the subscripts C _6-2 and C _7-2 and 2. In exactly the same way, C _4-1 and C
_5-1 , C _10-1 and C _{11 -1 and} C _4-2 and C _5-2 , C _10-2 and C
_11-2 , C _8-1 and C _9-1 , C _3-1 and C _{2-1 and} C
_8-2 and C _9-2 , and C _3-2 and C _2-2 .

Also, the commutator piece sandwiched between the PR surfaces is f₁, PQ
Commutator piece sandwiched between surfaces_Two, Commutator sandwiched between QR surfaces
Piece f_ThreeAnd Here, one end of the winding is f₁Connected to armature
Coil d₁To form f_Two, But f₁
The wire starting from the slot C_{1 2-2}And C_7-2At
Wind clockwise like end connection h_p2To
Formed and then C_7-2To C_12-1Take it here
C_7-1The same number of turns during the end connection
h_p1And then C_1-1And C_6-1Wound end connector
H_p1'And then C_1-2And C_6-2Wrapped around
Connection is h_{p Two}'Is formed. That is,
Each end connection with the id at both ends is, for example, C
_12-1, C_7-1End connector connecting both coil sides inside
H_p1Is C_1-1And C_6-1To connect the inner coil side
Connection h_p1And form a plane symmetry about the symmetry plane P
Has formed. And C_12-2, C_7-2End connection
H_p2Is C_{1 -2}And C_6-2End connection
h_p2And a plane symmetry with respect to the symmetry plane P. Scratch
And armature coil d₁Is formed.

This winding is connected to the commutator strip f ₂ and end connections h _Q2 , h _Q1 , h _Q1 ', h
_Q2 'is formed to form the armature coil d ₂ which is a plane symmetry with respect to same symmetrical plane Q and the armature coil d _1. Further, regarding the symmetry plane R, the end connections h _R2 , h _R1 ,
h _R1 ′ and h _R2 ′ are formed and both ends of the winding are commutator pieces f ₃ and f _1.
Sandwiched to form an armature coil d _3, allowed to form a single closed circuit as a whole.

FIG. 6 is a developed view for explaining the rotation operation of FIG. 5, and C indicates a slot. Sign in slot
_{1-1 and the} like are _shown by omitting the coil side _{Cs1-1 and the} like in the drawing. G ₁ , G ₁ ′, G ₂ , G ₂ ′ indicate the positions of the brushes, respectively, and have exactly the same positional relationship as that in FIG.

It should be noted how in the C _12-2 winding start sequentially finishes up by C _6-2 is the simplest there is a but end connection starts winding the armature coil d ₁ overlap axially with its raised considerable ones Become. Therefore, first, the inner coil side is wound, and then the outer coil side is wound. Specifically, C _12-1 , C _7-1 and C _1
-1, when winding of C _6-1, the commutator segments in advance commutator keep mounting pieces to tentatively electrically insulated relay strip, it is first this provisionally hooked one end of Makizai performed Oite same winding, connects the finished winding terminals commutator segment f _3.

Next, the terminal at the beginning of the winding is connected to the commutator piece f _1, and the terminal wound around the outer coil side is finished and connected to the inner winding at the preceding relay piece. This results in the outer coil group and the inner coil group being connected in series. Thus, an armature coil d ₁ is formed,
Similarly, the terminals around which the armature coils d ₂ and d ₃ have been wound and the winding of d ₃ has been completed are connected to the commutator piece f ₁ to form one closed circuit as a whole. Although this method has the drawback of connecting in series at the relay pieces, the overlap of the windings in the axial direction is thin, the number of wires is small, the resistance of the wires themselves is reduced, and the characteristics of the motor are somewhat improved. That is, C
_12-2 opening angle armature coil d ₁ is at both ends of the slot forming the coil to finish up at C _6-2 starting winding in order from 6
It is the same as 12 poles at 0 degree.

When the armature rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow shown in FIG. 6, G ₁ separates the commutator piece f ₂ and f ₁
In entering the moment, - G ₁ power connection '180 and G ₁
It is located at a central angle of degrees. Since the position of the brush is the same positional relationship as that shown in Figure 2 - G ₂ power connections' is just before contacting the commutator segment f ₃ to f _2, the G ₂ of for this + power connection G ₁ It is closer to the center by 180 degrees. When in this state, the commutator segment f ₁ is +, commutator segment f ₃ is - power becomes connected state, the following two circuits are formed.

That is, commutator piece f ₁ -armature coil d ₃ -commutator piece f ₃ , commutator piece f ₁ -armature coil d ₁ -commutator piece f ₂ (play) -armature coil d _2- in the circuit leading to the commutator segments f _3, the detail for each coil side + power - brush G1- commutator segment f ₁ - coil side _C s2-2 -C s9-2 -C
_{s2-1 -C s9-1 -C s3-1 -C s8-1 -C} s3-2 -C s8-2 - commutator segment f ₃ - brush G ₁ '- a circuit of the power supply, + Power - brush G
₁ -f ₁ -C _s12-2 -C _{s7- 2} -C _s12-1 -C _s7-1 -C _s1-1-
C _s6-1 -C _s1-2 -C _{s6-2 -Commutator} piece f ₂ (play) -C
_s4-2 -C _s11-2 -C _s4-1 -C _s11-1 -C _s5-1 -C _s10-1-
C _s5-2 -C _{s10-2 -Commutator} piece f ₃ -G ₁ ' _--In the circuit leading to the power supply, the direction of the current flowing through each coil side is indicated by an arrow.

The figure shown below the field M shows the polarity of the field magnet.
In the moving diagram, the moving, that is, the commutator piece f₁Is +, commutator piece
f_ThreeIs connected to the negative power source, the polarity between the lohas is N,
The space between the nihos is in contact with each coil side with the polarity S. That is
C for N_s10-1, C_s10-2, C_{s9 -2}, C_s9-1, C_s8-1, C
_s8-2, C_s7-2, C_s7-1Touches N in the direction of the arrow,
C_s4-1, C_s4-2, C_s3-2, C_s3-1, C_s2-1, C_s2-2, C
_s1-2, C_s1-1Is in contact with S in the direction of the arrow. Obedience
Armature rotates in the direction of the arrow shown at the top of the figure.
You. Although there is an offset relationship between Iro and Hani in the figure, the field magnet
There is relatively little effect near the polarity boundary.

[0052] Figure 7 is the position of the brush g ⁺ is G _3, i.e. in case of straddling both commutator segments f ₂ and f _1, g ^- is in a position G _{3 'deviated} central angle of 180 degrees than this. Therefore, f ₂ and f ₁ are G ₃
Is connected to the + power supply, and f ₃ is connected to the − power supply by G ₃ ′. Therefore, the circuit is composed of two armature coils d ₁ -f ₃ and f ₂ -armature coils d ₂ -f ₃ and f ₁ -armature coils d ₃ -f _3.
It not energized both ends in the + power source f ₁ and f ₂ are.

More specifically, + power supply -G ₃ -f ₁ -C
_s2-2 -C _s9-2 -C _s2-1 -C _s9-1 -C _s3-1 -C _s8-1 -C
_s3-2 −C _s8-2 −f ₃ −G ₃ ′ _−−power supply circuit and + power _supply−
f ₂ -C _s4-2 -C _s11-2 -C _s4-1 -C _s11-1 -C _s5-1 -C
_{s10-1 -C s5-2 -C s10-2 -f 3 -G} 3 '- two circuits of the power supply, the current direction of each coil side showed with arrows. Here, as is clear from the figure, C _s11-2 , C _s11-1 , C
_{The currents in s10-1} , _Cs10-2 , _Cs9-2 , _Cs9-1 , _Cs8-1 , and _Cs8-2 are applied to the center of the field magnet N and to _Cs5-2 , _{Cs5- 1} ,
The current flowing through C _s4-1 , C _s4-2 , C _s3-2 , C _s3-1 , C _s2-1 , and C _s2-2 is in _contact with the central portion of the field magnet S. Therefore, the armature rotates in the direction of the arrow shown at the top. This state is prolonged when a carbon-based brush is used.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a motor having n = 3 slots, that is, 36 poles. Figure shows only main portions forming the armature coil d ₁ to become complicated. The slots are C _12-1 , C _12-2 , C _12-3 and C _12
1-1 , C _1-2 , C _1-3 , the other is C _7-1 , C _7-2 , C _7-3 and C _6-1 , C _6-2 , C _6-3 . The winding direction is as shown. Coil Side Note for example the slot C _1-3 represents a C _S1-3. In the figure, PQR is a symmetry plane imaginary at a central angle of 120 degrees, f ₁ , f ₂ , and f ₃ are commutator pieces.
The opening angle at both ends of each armature coil d is 30 degrees as in the basic 12 poles.

H _p1 , h _p2 , h _p3 and h _p1 ', h _p2 ',
_hp3 'is an end connection, and _hp1 and _hp1 ', _hp2 and _hp2 ', _hp3 and _hp3 ' are plane-symmetric with respect to the symmetry plane P. In FIG. 8, W is a side wall that forms a boundary with an adjacent slot. When the number of poles reaches 36, it may be considerably reduced. In addition, T is a laminating board of the rotating surface of the side wall board,
It is desirable to have some thickness. In this method, after all the windings are completed, a cutting margin for balancing the rotating body by cutting the rotating surface of the armature rotating body is set aside.

Here, the winding method is again performed, but the commutator piece f _{1 is used.}
This secondary winding connected C _12-3, wound in the clockwise direction C _{7 -3,} then turn C _12-2 and C _7-2 wound. This specific method has already been described in detail. The windings thus wound in this order and finished with C _1-3 and C _6-3 are connected to the commutator pieces f ₂ . Thus formed coils form an armature coil d _1. That is, a form that the armature coil d ₁ is sandwiched between f ₁ and f _2. The then armature coils d ₂ between f ₂ and f _3, and f ₃ and f becomes the form which sandwich the armature coils d ₃ between _1, 24 pole motor of Figure 5 only increased the number of slots Is basically the same as
Forming part of ₂ and d ₃ are omitted.

As in the case of the above-described 24-pole motor, even if the number of windings of one set of coils is reduced, the swelling of the axial end connection is increased. The 36 poles are considerably finer, but a correspondingly fine vibration motor is obtained. In particular, when a magnet made of a strong magnetic material is used as the field magnet, there is a possibility that a motor with minute vibrations may be obtained. However, compared to a motor having 12 poles, the cost is mostly increased by windings and commutators.
The most finish is beautiful as the winding is sequentially finish than the innermost, C _12-3 of the outermost, C _7-3 and C _1-3, C _6-3 is carried out at the end of the winding is the finish It is beautiful and has reduced resistance at the end connection, which leads to improved performance.

However, for this purpose, three pairs of coils must be connected in series. For this purpose, it is considered that a method in which two relay pieces having commutator hooks are independently provided on the commutator in the same manner as in the case of 24 poles is preferable. Also, the gap for the winding of each slot becomes narrower in the winding operation. It is thought that it is better to use each auxiliary tool for that.

When the above-described 12-pole motor of the present invention is compared with a conventional 3-pole motor, the laminated core portion does not pose any particular problem even in view of cost. It only increases from six to six. Conventional small 3
Looking at the current situation of pole motors, the diameter of the yoke and outer casing is 25m.
Those within m are the majority. This is presumed to be because the motor having a larger diameter has a larger vibration, so that the vibration is limited to this. However, with the electric motor having the configuration as in the present invention, it is possible to provide a small-sized motor that can be mass-produced with little vibration even if the diameter is larger than 25 mm and with a slight increase in cost.

[0060]

As described above, in the DC machine of the present invention, the number of slots is 12 while the number of commutator pieces is three.
n (n is a natural number of 1 or more), and the number of coils is half that of the conventional DC motor. The number of switching of the contact between the brush and the commutator piece is a minimum of three times, and an electronic circuit for absorbing the generation of sparks at the time of the switching requires a minimum cost. Even if used, a commutator with a small diameter is sufficient.

In particular, a motor having a strong rotating force and a small vibration results in a motor having a strong magnet and a large number of poles.
The armature will be slightly more elaborate, but the three commutator strips will not lead to a significant increase in cost, and the prospect of production is possible.

Further, when compared with the conventional DC machine having three slots, the number of slots is increased, so that the winding itself of the coil wire becomes slightly complicated. Means such as covering the whole of the DC machine with an elastic body such as rubber was necessary for vibration suppression. However, the present invention does not require such vibration suppression means, and can realize cost reduction and miniaturization. .

Each of the three armature coils having three imaginary planes as symmetry planes is composed of 4n slots, and one or more pairs of armature coils formed by winding a coil wire around the selected slot. Are parallel and plane-symmetric with respect to the plane of symmetry. The winding operation is facilitated by winding the coil in a parallel and plane symmetric manner.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a DC motor.

FIG. 2 is a developed view for explaining an operation of the electric motor of FIG. 1;

[Figure 3] brush of FIG. 2 is a development view of a state in contact with both the commutator segment f ₂ and f _1.

Brush of FIG. 4 FIG. 2 is a development view of a state in contact with both the commutator segment f ₃ and f _2.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a 24-pole DC motor according to another embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a developed view for explaining the rotation operation of FIG. 5;

[7] Brush 6 is a development view of a state in contact with both the commutator segment f ₂ and f _1.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a 36-pole DC motor according to another embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram showing a core part of a conventional three-pole three-commutator-strip small DC motor.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing a core part of a conventional 10-pole 10-commutator single-sided DC motor.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a method of winding the coil wire of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a developed view for explaining the operation of the electric motor of FIG. 10;

[Explanation of symbols]

a DC motor b Armature laminated core C slot C _s Coil side d Armature coil e Armature f Commutator piece g Brush h End connection M Field magnet

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] July 8, 1999

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Claims]

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0020

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0020]

In order to solve the above problem, a DC machine according to the present invention has a slot number of 12n (n is 1).
Armatures of the above), three commutator pieces, two brushes respectively contacting the commutator pieces, a pair of N and S field magnets arranged around the armature, and a predetermined number of It comprises three armature coils wound between the slots, and three virtual planes (P plane, Q plane and R plane) are symmetrical planes, and the armature coil has the P plane,
On each side of each of the symmetry planes of the Q plane and the R plane, one symmetry plane (eg,
For example, the position where the coil is wound is closest to the P plane) and the coil is wound around the one symmetric plane (for example, the P plane).
12n / 6 sets of slots in which the planes including the coils are located in parallel, and each set of slots having the coil side as a coil side is a pair or a plurality of pairs of parallel coil groups with respect to the one symmetry plane (for example, the P plane). And this coil group makes 1
It is characterized in that it is an armature coil.

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0033

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

The position of the brush g ⁺ in G ₁ is armature arrow direction
If you assumed that rotates, releasing the contact between the commutator segments f ₂
Indicates the position immediately got out, brush g ^- G ₁ 'Is this
And the central angle is 180 degrees.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0035

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

That is, f₁And f_ThreeThe circuit of the current flowing between
It becomes two. + Power-f₁-Armature coil d₁−
(F_Two)-Armature coil d_Two−f_Three−− power supply and + power supply −
f₁-Armature coil d_Three−f_Three--- Power supply. Each coil
The direction of the current flowing through the side is indicated by an arrow in the figure. Each of these
If the direction of the current flowing through the ilside is described in detail,
f₁-Cs₁₂-Cs₇-Cs₁-Cs₆− (F_Two) -Cs_Four-Cs₁₁
-Cs _Five -Cs_Ten−f_Three−− power supply and + power supply −f₁-Cs_Two−
Cs₉-Cs _Three -Cs₈−f_Three--- Two circuits of power supply.
Here, the position where the P plane cuts the field magnet M is determined by the difference in polarity of the field magnet.
And this is M ₁Then the other boundary is
M that forms 180 degrees at the central angle₁'.

[Procedure amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0036

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

M ₂ is a position where M ₁ M ₂ forms an opening angle of 60 degrees
At this point, M ₂ ′ is also at a position where M ₁ M ₂ is at an opening angle of 60 degrees. FIG.
, The ME column shows the movement of the polar surface of the field magnet M.
The M ₁ M ₁ 'plane is the north pole and moves to the M ₂ M ₂ ' plane
Has reached. The pole face of this field magnet M and the coil in the slot
Examining the relationship between the sides, Cs ₁₂ and Cs ₁₁ between Iro,
Between Hani, Cs ₆ and Cs ₅ bite between other magnetic polarities
Are in a state of being offset, and these two are in an offset relationship
I have. Cs ₁₀ , Cs ₉ , Cs ₈ , and Cs ₇ are on the pole N and Cs
₄ , Cs ₃ , Cs ₂ , Cs ₁ are stable on the S-plane and in the center of the field magnet
Are in contact. Cs ₁₂ and Cs ₁₁ and C
s ₆ and Cs ₅ is field magnet polarity N, it is located near the boundary position of the S
There is no significant effect.

[Procedure amendment 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0038

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

The specific circuit is as follows: + power supply-brush G ₁ -f _1-
Cs ₂ -Cs ₉ -Cs ₃ -Cs ₈ -f ₃ -G ₁ '-power supply and + power supply-brush G ₁ -f ₂ -Cs ₄ -Cs ₁₁ -Cs ₅ -Cs ₁₀ -f _3-
G ₁ ′ -Two circuits of power supply. The armature coil d ₁
No current flows because both ends are f ₁ and f ₂ . As for the boundary position of the field magnet, M ₁ is located on the P plane, and M ₁ ′ is located at a position separated from the central angle by 180 degrees. In FIG. 3, Cs ₅ , Cs ₄ , Cs ₃ , C
s ₂ is the S plane, and _{Cs 1 1, Cs 10, Cs} 9, Cs 8 is pole surfaces N
Is facing. Both ends are located at both ends of these four coil sides with no current.

[Procedure amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0057

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

As in the case of the above-described 24-pole motor, even if the number of windings of one set of coils is reduced, the swelling of the axial end connection is increased. The 36 poles are considerably finer, but a correspondingly fine vibration motor is obtained. Especially
When a strong magnetic material magnet is used as the field magnet,
Motor may be obtained, but compared to a 12-pole motor
Most of the cost increase will be due to winding. The most finish is beautiful as the winding is sequentially finish than the innermost, C _12-3 of the outermost, C _7-3 and C _1-3, C _6-3 is carried out at the end of the winding is the finish It is beautiful and has reduced resistance at the end connection, which leads to improved performance.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An armature having 12n slots (n is a natural number of 1 or more), three commutator pieces, two brushes respectively contacting the commutator pieces, and arranged around the armature. A pair of N and S field magnets and three armature coils wound between a predetermined number of slots, and virtually at positions deviated from each other by a central angle of 120 degrees through a rotation axis of the armature. The three existing virtual planes are defined as symmetry planes, and the armature coil selects 12n / 6 sets of slots located closest and parallel to each other on both sides of the symmetry plane, and replaces each set of slots with a coil. A DC machine characterized in that the coils to be the sides form a pair or a plurality of pairs of parallel coil groups with respect to the symmetry plane, and this coil group is used as one armature coil.