JPH11262752A - Method and apparatus for controlling generation of alga - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve simplicity and safety by circulating the water of a water tank to an environmental area which is separated from the water tank at a regular distance and is more suitable for the growth of alga than the water tank. SOLUTION: An alga generator is composed of an alga raising area 1, an alga sticking substrate 2, an under-water fluorescent lamp, so-called air-stones 3 for aeration and for supplying carbon dioxide, and an upper part filtration tank 4. The tank 4 is disposed between the area 1 and a main water tank 6, and water tank water is circulated to the area 1 and the filtration tank 4 in the order as shown by an arrow by a pump P. In this process, alga acquires light and carbon dioxide from fluorescent lamp and the air stones 3, adhere to the substrate 2, and propagate. The alga in the circulating water from the area 1 is removed by the filtration tank 4 to prevent the inflow into the main water tank 6. In this way, the generation of alga in the main water tank 6 is controlled, and after about 22 days, a steady state can be kept at about 78%.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for suppressing or removing the occurrence of algae in an aquarium for ornamental fish, a culture tank for fish and shellfish, a water cooling facility for various equipment, a water storage tank, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Algae generated in aquariums for ornamental fish, aquaculture tanks for fish and shellfish, water cooling facilities for various equipment, water storage tanks, etc., cover and contaminate the water tanks, resulting in deterioration of water permeability and frictional resistance. This causes adverse effects such as an increase in the size, difficulty in maintenance of the equipment, and deterioration of the aesthetic appearance. For this reason, various methods for eliminating and suppressing algae have been conventionally devised. Such algae elimination and control methods are broadly classified into chemical methods, physical methods and biological methods. Chemical methods are mainly algae- and alga-control methods using chemicals. Specific methods include pesticides (Patent Registration No. 2510748) and oxidizing agents (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-31327) on water itself. ), And the application of an anti-algal substance to a substrate where contamination is a problem (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-502042). These methods are simple and can provide very large effects depending on the use, but may cause damage such as corrosion of a water tank depending on the compound used. Further, the addition itself may cause deterioration of water quality, and a substance whose emission is regulated is often used. In addition, the algae that cause contamination cover a very wide range of taxa, from prokaryotic cyanobacteria to single-cell or colonial algae and algae with foliates. Is often toxic to living organisms in general. Therefore, it is difficult to avoid direct and indirect effects on the bred organisms, especially when using the drug in algae removal in a water tank or the like for breeding and culturing organisms. For this reason, in order to obtain safety for living organisms, it has been necessary to limit the conditions of use or the type of target algae.
On the other hand, a physical method such as washing is a reliable removal method that does not select the target algae, and if an appropriate method is selected, it can be treated without affecting the vessels and the creatures. However, in the physical method, the complexity of the operation is a major problem, and especially for small-scale facilities, effective working equipment is not currently on the market. Biological methods exist, such as shading to suppress the growth of algae, and removal using algae such as snails, but these methods can be used only in very limited circumstances.

[0003] From the above circumstances, for example, when the aesthetic appearance of a domestic aquarium for aquarium fish is to be kept to a minimum, it is necessary to remove algae every few days and to perform extensive cleaning with water exchange about once every three weeks. However, these tasks, which have to be manually performed, are the biggest difficulty in maintaining the aquarium. In breeding organisms in such aquariums, pollutants such as nitrogen compounds and phosphate compounds in the breeding water increase due to excretion and residual food of living organisms, and these become nutrient sources for the growth of algae,
It will promote the development of algae. In recent years, bred species are diversified, and algae and deterrents are required to have a high level of safety against breeding organisms in general, and adding an agent to an aqueous system is not always an appropriate algae removal method. Therefore, there has been a demand for a safe and simple method for removing alga or alga that is safe for living organisms.

[0004]

As described above, the conventional methods for removing alga and controlling alga have problems in safety and simplicity.
An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the conventional methods for removing alga and inhibiting alga, and to provide a simple and highly safe algicidal means.

[0005]

The present inventor has paid attention to the fact that algae that can grow in one water system do not exceed a certain allowable amount limited by the nutrients, light, aeration, and other conditions of the water system. Establish a separate area connected to the aquarium to suppress the generation of algae, to allow the generation of algae in that area, or by actively promoting, to find that the generation of algae in the aquarium can be suppressed, The present invention has been completed.

[0006] That is, the present invention provides a method for controlling the water in an aquarium in which the generation of algae is to be suppressed in an area which has a certain level of isolation from the aquarium and is set in an environment more suitable for the growth of algae than the aquarium. This is a method for suppressing algae generation, which is characterized by circulating. Further, the present invention provides an area having a certain level of isolation to a water tank in which the generation of algae is to be suppressed, an algae-adhered substrate, a light supply means, a stirring means, an aeration means, a carbon dioxide supply means, and algae leakage. At least one selected from the group consisting of prevention means, addition of elements suitable for growth, and algal inoculation.
And a seed.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail. (1) Method for controlling algae generation The method for suppressing algae generation according to the present invention is characterized in that water in an aquarium in which algae generation is to be suppressed (hereinafter, this aquarium is referred to as “main aquarium”) has a certain degree of isolation from the aquarium. It is characterized by being circulated in an area set in an environment more suitable for the growth of algae than in the aquarium (hereinafter, this area is referred to as an "algae growing area"). The water tank referred to here includes not only a general water tank such as an aquarium for ornamental fish and cultured fish and shellfish, but also a facility such as a water cooling facility for various devices and a water storage tank. `` It has a certain level of isolation '' means that the algae cultivation area is a separate tank from the main tank, and the two are connected by a pipe, etc. In the case where the aquarium and the other are the algae growing area, it refers to the case where the aquarium and the algae growing area are distinguished and isolated by the algae leakage prevention means described later. As a method of setting the algae growing area to an environment more suitable for growing algae than this aquarium,
Installation of algae-adhered substrate, supply of light, stirring, aeration, supply of carbon dioxide, addition of elements suitable for growth, prevention of algae leakage,
And a method of performing at least one species selected from the group consisting of seed inoculation and seed alga inoculation. Hereinafter, each operation will be described in detail.

(A) Installation of Algae-Adhered Substrate It is not essential to install an algal-adhered substrate, but it is preferable to install it in order to create an environment suitable for the growth of algae. The installation location is preferably in the algae growing area unless it is intended to use floating algae. The shape of the algae-attached substrate may be any shape such as using a three-dimensional network-like structure that floats or fixes the carrier or fiber as long as the algae can adhere and grow,
It is preferable that a plurality of thin plate-like structures as shown in FIG. 2 are arranged at regular intervals, and it is desirable that this is provided in a water tank dedicated to growing algae. In this shape, for each lamellar structure, porous,
Forms such as fibrous, coarse and dense, smooth, does not matter the state of the surface of the structure such as application of chemicals, but is preferably configured in a net-like shape, more preferably 0.5 to 8 mm aperture,
Use a mesh with a thickness of about 0.5 to 2 mm. In addition, the net of the algae-adhered substrate is provided with a means for uniformly irradiating the surface with light, for example, a hole is provided in the center of the net, and an arrangement such as an underwater fluorescent lamp is provided so that illumination can be inserted. preferable. The material of the algae-adhered substrate may be nylon, tetron,
Acrylic, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, etc., synthetic materials, cotton, silk, wood and other biological materials, concrete, asbestos, glass, ceramics,
Any material such as a stone or other mineral material may be used. The color of the material is not limited, but preferably synthetic fibers, more preferably white or transparent materials are used.

The algae-adhered substrate is usually placed in the water in the algae growing area, but can also be placed in the gas phase.
In this case, the breeding water is supplied to the algae-adhered substrate, or the breeding water is supplied by periodically repeating exposure of the adhered substrate to the gas phase and immersion in the breeding water using a siphon (FIGS. 14 and 17). ).

(B) Supply of Light There are algae, such as Chlorella and Chlamydomonas, that can grow not only by photosynthesis but also by utilizing organic substances. Therefore, the supply of light is not essential. It is preferable to supply light into the algae growing area for a suitable environment. As the light to be supplied, commercially available fluorescent lamps, incandescent lamps, light such as halogen lamps and direct irradiation light from the sun, sunlight introduced by optical fibers or the like can be used. It is desirable to use light quality suitable for growing plants, for example, white light, and it is more preferable to use light from a lamp that emits light rays similar to sunlight or light from a lamp for growing plants. It is preferable that the illumination position is arranged so as to illuminate the adhered substrate, and it is more preferable that the illuminator is installed close to the adhered substrate, for example, inserted into a hole of the plate-like structure.

(C) Stirring Stirring is not essential, but when the algae localization is immersed in the aqueous phase, oxygen and other inhibitory factors, which often inhibit photosynthesis by photosynthetic products, are added to the water. Stir the water in the algae cultivation area in order to improve the efficiency of supply of nutrients, carbon dioxide and other factors that promote the growth of algae, and to create an environment suitable for the growth of algae. Is desirable.

(D) Aeration Aeration is not essential, but when a localized location of algae is immersed in the aqueous phase, oxygen and other inhibitory factors which often inhibit photosynthesis by photosynthetic products are added to the water. Aeration of water in the algae cultivation area in order to improve the supply efficiency of nutrients, carbon dioxide and other factors that promote the growth of algae, and to create an environment suitable for the growth of algae Is desirable.

Aeration can be performed simply by blowing in air. However, fine bubbles obtained by blowing air into porous objects such as so-called airstone, glass, wood, ceramics, ceramics, plastics, and sandstone are blown out. This can be performed more effectively. The size of the bubbles is preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less. The flow velocity of the jetted air is not limited, but is preferably 1 L / min or more even when a water tank for growing algae having a capacity of about 20 L or less is used.

(E) Supply of Carbon Dioxide Although supply of carbon dioxide is not essential, it is necessary to supply carbon dioxide to the algae growing area in order to supply a carbon source to the algae and provide an environment suitable for the growth of the algae. preferable. The supply of carbon dioxide may be gaseous carbon dioxide, but it can also be performed by adding a liquid or solution containing carbon dioxide, a substance emitting carbon dioxide, or a solution containing them.
Further, by adding a catalyst such as carbonic anhydrase and other substances, the efficiency of dissolving and supplying carbon dioxide can be increased.

When carbon dioxide is supplied in a gaseous state, it can be supplied as pure carbon dioxide, but it can be mixed with other gases, for example, ordinary air, compressed air, air with an increased carbon dioxide concentration, It is preferable to use a mixed gas with nitrogen, argon, helium, or the like. At this time, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas is 0.04 to 0.5 when supplied to seawater.
%, And when supplied to fresh water, the amount is preferably about 0.04 to 5%. Examples of the substance that releases carbon dioxide include dry ice, compounds containing carbonate ions, bicarbonate ions, and the like, such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. When carbon dioxide is supplied by a substance that emits carbon dioxide, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the aqueous system is preferably maintained at about 0.1 to 5 mM.

(F) Addition of elements suitable for the growth of algae The addition of elements suitable for the growth of algae is not essential, but such elements must be added to the algal growing area in order to provide an environment suitable for the growth of algae. Is preferably added. Here, the factors suitable for the growth of algae mainly mean nitrogen compounds, phosphate compounds, potassium compounds, and other major nutrients, essential trace metals, vitamins, and other substances related to growth control, and are usually photosynthesis. Glucose, fructose, starch, etc. when using non-photosynthetic algae, etc., when the supply of light is insufficient, or when special effects are expected by adding organic substances. Isosaccharides, organic acids such as malic acid and citric acid, amino acids and the like may be added. In addition, substances that are not directly involved in the growth of the growth target algae, but also substances that control organisms involved in the growth state of the target algae, for example, antibiotics against algal bacteria, repellents against algae-eating organisms, growth of bacteria that produce vitamins, etc. Auxiliary substances may be added. When selectively growing a specific type of algae in order to further increase algal control efficiency, an element for protecting and growing the algae may be added.
These elements that optimize the algal growth environment can also be added directly as substances, etc., but by introducing a production system for the elements, for example, by introducing or settingtle organisms that produce the active ingredients Can also be added.

(G) Prevention of algae leakage Prevention of contamination of the aquarium due to leakage of algal bodies and other substances from the algae cultivation tank, or improvement of the efficiency of algae retention in the algae cultivation aquarium by improving the efficiency. In order to suppress the generation of algae, it is desirable to prevent the algae from leaking.
These means are also effective at the same time as means for isolating and separating the algae growing tank and the main tank. As a means for preventing algae from leaking, for example, a filtration device, a filter, a semipermeable membrane, a maze, a partition, a sedimentation tank, etc. are provided between the algae growing area and the main tank to capture the algae that leak, and Means for discharging to the outside of the system, means for irradiating water flowing out of the algae growing area with ultraviolet rays, or exposing to ozone to other chemical substances to kill or weaken the leaked algae can be exemplified. It is not limited to.

(H) Inoculation of seed algae By circulating the water in the aquarium in the algae cultivation area for a certain period of time, algae naturally occur in the algae cultivation area. To selectively grow algae with high algal effects or to promote the development of algae,
It is preferable to artificially inoculate the alga growing area with a seed alga. The type, amount, combination, etc. of the seed algae to be inoculated are not limited, but in the case of a seawater system, prasino algae, euglena algae, hapto algae, true eye drop algae, raphid algae, yellow green algae, brown algae, golden algae, dinoflagellate, Crypt algae, red algae, prokaryotic green algae, etc., may be anything, but green algae, diatoms, cyanobacteria are preferred, and the algal strain is Achn
annthes longopes NIES330, Cheatoceros sociale Laud
er NIES553, Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) Hada NIES6
, Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) Hibberd ST-5, Os
cillatoria amphibia Agardh ex Gomont NIES361, Osc
Illustrative examples include, but are not limited to, illatoria rosea Utermohl NIES208. In the case of freshwater systems, prasino algae, euglena algae, hapto algae, true eye drop algae, raphid algae, yellow green algae, diatoms, golden algae, dinoflagellates, crypto algae,
Any species such as red algae and prokaryotic green algae may be used, but green algae and cyanobacteria are preferred, and as the algal strain, Achnannthes minutissima Kutzing NI
ES71, Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck NIES227, Chlo
Examples include rella pyrenoidosa Chick NIES226, but are not limited thereto. In addition, specific or unspecified algae, or algae communities, organisms including algae, vessels or plants that produce algae, or the like may be transplanted and transferred from nature.

(2) Algae Suppression Device The algae occurrence suppression device of the present invention comprises an area having a certain level of isolation with respect to a water tank for suppressing the generation of algae, an algae-adhered substrate, light supply means, and stirring means. At least one selected from the group consisting of aeration means, carbon dioxide supply means, and algae leakage prevention means. The area having a certain level of isolation from the aquarium to suppress the generation of algae, the algae-adhered substrate, the light supply means, the stirring means, the aeration means, the carbon dioxide supply means, and the algae leakage prevention means are described above. The means described in the section of the method for suppressing algae generation of the present invention can be used. In using the apparatus of the present invention, an element suitable for the growth of algae may be added, or seed algae may be inoculated. These specific contents are also as described in the section of the method for suppressing algae generation of the present invention described above.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the algae generating apparatus of the present invention. This device consists of an algal growing area (1), an algal-adhered substrate (2),
It consists of an underwater fluorescent lamp (not shown), an air stone for aeration and carbon dioxide supply (3), and an upper filtration tank (4). Algae,
Obtain the light and carbon dioxide necessary for growth from underwater fluorescent lamps and Air Stone 3 and algae-adhered substrate (2) in algae growing area (1)
Proliferate by attaching to The aquarium water in the algae growing area (1)
By the operation of the pump (5), the water flows out of the algae growing area (1), and a part of the algae leaks together with the effluent. However, since an upper filtration tank (4) is provided between the algae growing area (1) and the main tank (6), this removes the algae,
It does not flow into (6).

[0021]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. [Example 1] An ornamental fish breeding tank made of acrylic (600 x 320 x 285 mm) was used as the main tank, and a vinyl chloride tank (350 x 320 x 250 mm) was used as an algae growing area. Both tanks were connected and filled with a total of 70 L of artificial seawater (SEALIFE / Marine Tech). In this tank, one regular white fluorescent lamp (20W) and one fluorescent lamp for plant growth (20W) are installed.
An upper filtration tank filled with 4 L of coral sand was installed. About one-third of the coral sand was transferred from another tank that was already in operation. In the algae growing area, a plurality of nets as shown in Fig. 2 (plastic, mesh 5mm, thickness 0.5mm, (2
Algae-adhered substrate composed of 1)) was installed. A spacer having a thickness of 3 mm ((22) in FIG. 2) was inserted between the nets so that the nets were arranged at equal intervals to ensure light transmission and flow of seawater and gas. A hole (25 mm diameter) is made in the center of each net, and an underwater fluorescent lamp (6
W) inserted and lit. The size of the net excluding the holding part (the part that overlaps the spacer) is 18 × 18 cm, and a hole for inserting a fluorescent tube of 25 mm in diameter is made in the center of the net, so the area that can attach algae per net is It was about 319 cm ² . Since 55 nets were used, the total attachable area was 1.75
It was m ^2. Aeration (5 L / mi) from below the net to supply carbon dioxide to algae and remove oxygen in water
n) was done. The aquarium and the algae growing area were operated for the first week using only seawater without irradiating light, after which all artificial seawater was exchanged and eight cobalt sparrows were accommodated to start irradiating light. I started. In addition, an aquarium system with exactly the same configuration, a water tank made of vinyl chloride corresponding to the algae cultivation area described above, with an algae-adhered gas and an underwater fluorescent lamp installed and a non-aerated one was created, and this was tested. Was used as a control. When accumulating cobalt sparrows, to promote the generation of algae, an appropriate amount of attached algae was collected from an already operating water tank, and the same amount was added to the algae growing area and the control area. As an indicator of algae fouling, the algae coverage (cover) on the front wall surface of the aquarium and the amount of attached algae at the end of the experiment were measured. The measurement of algal coverage on the wall surface was obtained by measuring the area covered by algae in a specific area of the tank wall using image analysis software (Fig.
3). In front of the aquarium, four 10 × 10 cm squares were set as fixed-point observation zones, and a digital camera (Olympus C-
800L). The captured images are imported to a personal computer, and image analysis software (MacSCOPE / PPC Ver2.2
In 1), the ratio (coverage rate) of the algae-colored area to the entire observation area was calculated, and the coverage rates of the four observation areas were averaged to obtain the algal coverage in front of the aquarium. The amount of algae attached to the aquarium was determined by determining the amount of algae attached to the aquarium at the end of the test as the amount of chlorophyll a. Drain the breeding seawater from the aquarium where the breeding test was completed, scrape off the algae attached to the front of the aquarium with a silicone rubber spatula, collect it, suspend it in artificial seawater, centrifuge at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes and supernatant. Was removed and suspended again in seawater to wash the algal cells, which were then centrifuged to remove the supernatant and collect all the algal cells. Chlorophyll a
Was extracted from the alga with ethanol and measured with a spectrophotometer. The existing amount of algae adhered to the adherent substrate in the algae growing area can be determined by immersing all adherent substrates in ethanol
a was extracted, and the chlorophyll a concentration of the extract was measured with a spectrophotometer. In the breeding water in the aquarium, the concentrations of ammonia and ammonium ions, nitrite ions, and nitrate ions were quantified, and the total was defined as the inorganic nitrogen concentration. Ammonia-ammonium ion concentration is determined by TetraTestAmm
Nitrite ion concentration was determined by colorimetric determination from absorbance at 630 nm using onia (Tetra).
It was determined by colorimetric quantification from the absorbance at 551 nm using tNO2 (Tetra). The nitrate ion concentration was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, manufactured by DIONEX Mori). ShimPack ICA as a column for nitrate ion concentration measurement
The mobile phase was 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) using l (10 cm, Shimadzu Corporation). At this time, the analysis conditions were as follows: mobile phase flow rate 1 mL / min, sample addition volume 10 μL, column temperature 4
At 0 ° C., the detection of the sample was carried out by absorption in the ultraviolet (λ = 210 nm).

As a result of the test, diatom formation was observed in the control section from the day after the start of light irradiation, but no algae adhesion was observed in the section with the algae growing area until 2 weeks after the light irradiation (FIG. Four). At the end of the test, the bottom and front of the aquarium were almost completely covered with algae, and the breeding fish could not be observed at the end of the test.
The increase in algal coverage in the control aquarium was logarithmic up to about 12 days after the start of the test, and reached about 85% in about 21 days, reaching a steady state. On the other hand, in the attached plot, the covering of the wall surface by the algae was suppressed to 1/3 or less of that in the control plot until after 3 elapses. After that, the coverage increased and reached a steady state at 78% after about 22 days.
One month after the start of the experiment, the coverage was almost the same as that of the control group.However, in the control group, algae were thickly deposited and the inside of the water tank could not be seen. Merely covered the aquarium wall surface thinly, and did not hinder the viewing itself. Therefore, when the control section and the attached section were arranged side by side, the water tank of the attached section gave a very bright impression in appearance, and there was a significant gap from the control section. When the existing amount of algae in the aquarium at the end of the test was quantified, the control group showed 5.91 mg Ch1. a, algae cultivation tank attached area is 2.82mgChl.a
The existing amount of algae in the aquarium was reduced to almost half (FIG. 5), which reflected the appearance. Also, in the control plot, almost all the algae were peeled off in a single cleaning operation in spite of the fact that the algae adhered strongly and the sponge rubbed several times and could not be sufficiently washed. Was completed. Although the inorganic dissolved nitrogen concentration hardly increased during the period (FIG. 6), it is considered that most of the inorganic nitrogen introduced as feed for the reared fish was absorbed by the alga. Although the concentration of dissolved nitrogen in the attached plot tended to be lower than that in the control plot, algae equivalent to 39.1 mg Chl.a, mainly diatoms, adhered to the algae growing algal plot at the end of the test. It was thought that algae contributed to the water purification action.
On the adhered substrate in the algae growing area, algae propagation was recognized only in a circular area with a diameter of about 7 cm, centered on the underwater fluorescent tube insertion part, and the actual attached area was about 0.18 m in the entire algal growing area ² , the total area prepared as an adherent substrate 1.
It was 10% of the 75m ^2. The uneven distribution of algae only around the fluorescent tube indicates that the light condition was a limiting factor for the growth of the algae under the experimental conditions. It was thought that the algae could be maintained.

Example 2 A water tank was installed, the coverage was measured, the amount of algae deposited, and the concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen was measured under the same conditions and in the same manner as in Example 1. In this example, the effective algae adhesion area was increased by increasing the amount of light in the algae growing area. The container itself in the algae growing area was the same as that used in Example 1, and the net of the attached substrate was thicker than that used in Example 1 (plastic, sunshine)
5mm, thickness 1mm). Two holes for inserting underwater fluorescent lamps (6W) were opened, and the amount of light was doubled using two underwater fluorescent lamps. Yes deposition surface of the net, excluding the holding portion is 18 × 18cm, therefore spaced two places holes for fluorescent tubes φ25mm in central, soluble adhesion area of algae per one net was about 314 cm ² . The total number of nets in the algae growing area was 50, and the total area that could be attached was 1.57 m ² . In the algae growing area, aeration (5 L / min) was performed from below the net to supply carbon dioxide and remove oxygen in water. After driving for 2 days without fish and without lighting, cobalt sparrow
The experiment was started by housing 6 fish and 12 fishes, turning on the lights. Algal deposition began within one week after installation (Figure 7). Algae adhesion proceeded at a higher rate than in Example 1, but this was probably due to continued use of the filtered sand used in Example 1. Coverage in the control plot was approximately
It increased logarithmically for one week and reached steady state at approximately 88% coverage on approximately 15 days. The coverage of the attached plot also increased in parallel with the control plot, and reached a steady state on July 16 at a coverage of 71%. The ratio of coverage to control in the coverage increase process of the attached plot was almost constant at an average of 74%. Example 1
When measured in the same manner as in
Algae equivalent to 7.70 mgChl.a was attached to mgChl.a and other places (FIG. 8). On the other hand, in the attached ward,
3.17mgChl.a and 2.57mgChl.a were adhered to other places. Therefore, the amount of attached algae in the entire aquarium with the algae growing area was reduced to about 1/3 of the control area, confirming the effect of increasing the illumination in the algae growing area compared to Example 1. Was done. The dissolved nitrogen in the control group gradually increased over time in the control group, but was suppressed to about 30 to 50% of that in the control group in the control group.
9). From this, it was shown that adding an algae cultivation area or enhancing capacity is effective for reducing inorganic nitrogen.

Example 3 In order to examine the effectiveness of the method for suppressing algae generation in a freshwater system of the present invention, a partition for separating an algae growing area from the aquarium used for ornamentation was installed in a tank for breeding freshwater organisms. The aquarium where the algae growing area is set by illuminating the inside of the partition (attached area), and the aquarium without the fruit of the algae growing area because only the partition is installed and the lighting is not performed (control area) Algal reproduction was compared.
A partition made of vinyl chloride (Fig. 10) was installed in a glass tank (310 x 180 x 230), and the inside of the tank was divided into the inside of the partition and the main tank. In the attached area, underwater fluorescent lamps were installed inside the screen to promote the growth of algae. In the control plot, only the partition was installed, and illumination with a fluorescent lamp was not performed. Bottom filtration was performed in the water tank, and the breeding water that passed through the filter sand circulated inside the partition. White coral sand was used as the filtered sand so that the adhesion of algae could be easily observed. The aquarium was filled with 9 liters of fresh water, and seven goldfish with a length of about 5 cm were placed in the tank to start the experiment.

In the aquarium section of the control, adhesion of algae mainly composed of diatoms was observed one week after the start of the experiment.
Two weeks later, the entire bed was covered (Fig. 13a), but no algae were found inside the partition (Fig. 13b). In the attached area, algae began to adhere inside the screen in about 5 days (Fig. 13
c) Two weeks later, algae mainly composed of diatoms and green algae flourished in large quantities inside the screen (Fig. 13d), but the adhesion of the algae in the aquarium was weak. Three weeks after the start of the experiment, the amount of algae attached to the inside of the aquarium was determined as the amount of chlorophyll a (Fig. 1
1) When the dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration was determined as the sum of the nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia-ammonium concentrations (Fig. 12), the chlorophyll a content and the dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration in the attached plots were 3/3 of those in the control plot. It was suppressed to 4 and its effectiveness was shown.

Example 4 Algae-adhered substrates were placed in the gas phase instead of in water, and breeding water was sprinkled on the substrate, and the following experiment was performed. The same acrylic aquarium fish tank as in Example 1 was used as the main tank, and a vinyl chloride algae growing area (616 × 163 × 250 mm) shown in FIG. 14 was placed on the upper part of the aquarium and placed in the algae growing area. The breeding water in the aquarium is sprinkled on the attached substrate, and the breeding water that has passed through the attached substrate portion passes through a biological filtration tank (616 x 83 x 250 mm) filled with 4 L of coral sand installed at the bottom, and the aquarium And circulated. On one side of the algae growing area parallel to the adhered substrate, a window for irradiating the adhered substrate with light is provided, and an ornamental fish fluorescent lamp is installed in the window as a light source for irradiating light. Was irradiated. The same net as in Example 2 was used as the adhered substrate, and 150 × 600 mm
The sheets are installed and the adhesion area is 0.9 m ² .

The breeding water was sprayed from the upper part of the algae growing area so as to evenly spread on the adhered substrate. The experiment was carried out by rearing seven devil sparrows in this aquarium, circulating the breeding water at 30 L / min., And using the aquarium without an algae growing area as a control. Since the adhered substrate is exposed to the gaseous phase, the supply of carbon dioxide to the circulating breeding water is performed efficiently, and many algae prosper on the adhered substrate. Was deposited very thickly.

FIG. 15 shows the amount of algae attached to the glass surface placed on the entire surface and the side surface of the aquarium at the end of the experiment. The algae attached to the front surface of the aquarium were 48.8 mg Chl. In the attached area, it is 8.7 mgChl.a, and the amount of attached algae is 1 / 5.6
The amount of attached algae on the entire side of the tank was 81.1mgChl.a, and the amount of attached algae was reduced to 1 / 2.7.

FIG. 16 shows the change over time in the total inorganic nitrogen concentration obtained by adding the three inorganic nitrogen concentrations dissolved in the breeding water during the experiment. did it. The algae adhesion on the glass surface of the aquarium after the experiment was extremely strong in the control area and could not be scraped off with a silicon rubber spatula, whereas it was light using a sponge in the installation area. It could be peeled off by force, and also had the effect of reducing maintenance in breeding organisms.

Example 5 An apparatus as shown in FIG. 17 was manufactured in order to confirm the effect as an embodiment when the algae-adhered substrate was installed in the gas phase instead of in water. This device is in the first tank (3
Composed of 1) and 2nd tank (32), the overall cross section is 320 x 98m
m, height 370mm. Weight on the second tank (32) (not shown)
And submerged in this tank.

The water in the water tank flows from the comb plate (313) into the first tank (31), overflows from the notch of the crown-shaped projection (33), and flows into the cylindrical net (34), which is an algae-adhering substrate. Flows down the surface and collects at the bottom of the second tank (32). The accumulated water is discharged out of the tank from the drain port (36) by the pump (35),
Since the pumping amount of the pump (35) is larger than the inflowing water amount via the comb plate (313) and the crown-shaped projection (33), the net (34) does not sink. The pump in the second tank (32) is empty
In order to prevent (5) from idling, a water drainage cylinder (38) will be provided.
A styrofoam float valve (39) floats on the water surface below the outlet (310) below the water drop cylinder (38) of the second tank (32).
When the water level in the two tanks (32) is high,
8) Since the lower outlet (310) is closed, water does not flow from the waterfall cylinder, but when the water level drops, the position of the float valve (39) also lowers, and the outlet (310) opens to open the first tank (31). To prevent water from flowing in and exposing the pump inlet (37) to the air. The water drop outlet (310) has a cage structure, and the float valve (39) that has risen due to the rise in the water level always closes the water drop outlet (310) without spilling.

The tubular net (34) as an algae-adhering substrate is irradiated with light from an underwater fluorescent lamp (312) provided therein, and supplies water, dissolved nutrients and the like from the crown-shaped projection (33). The attached algae can be favorably and largely retained on the net (34) by gas exchange by being exposed to the air in the two tanks (32). The water purified by the algae on the net (34) and the product of the algae are supplied into the water tank through the pump (35), but most of the algae that have fallen off the net (34) are supplied to the second tank. (32) Since it precipitates at the bottom, it does not flow into the tank. By the operation of this apparatus, the adhesion of algae in the aquarium was significantly suppressed, and as in the fourth embodiment, there was an effect of reducing maintenance in growing organisms.

[0033]

According to the present invention, by providing an algal growing area for allowing or promoting the generation of algae, it is possible to suppress the generation of algae in an aquarium for eliminating algae,
The function of the algae in the algae growing area can reduce factors and other pollutants related to the growth of the algae in the water system.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an algae generation suppressing device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an algae-adhered substrate.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a photographing and measuring method for measuring algae coverage.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a temporal change in coverage in Example 1.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the amount of attached algae on the front wall of the aquarium in Example 1.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a change over time in the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in Example 1.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a change over time in coverage in Example 2.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the amount of attached algae on the front wall of the aquarium in Example 2.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the change over time in the inorganic nitrogen sensitivity in Example 2.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an overview of a water tank used in Example 3.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the amount of algae attached to a litter in Example 3.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in Example 3.

FIG. 13 is a photograph showing the state of adhesion of algae inside the main tank and the screen in Example 3.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an appearance of an algae generator used in Example 4.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the amount of algae attached to the aquarium wall in Example 4.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing the change over time in the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in Example 4.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an appearance of an algae generator used in Example 5.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] April 1, 1998

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] FIG.

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 13

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A method of circulating water from an aquarium in which the generation of algae is to be suppressed to an area having a certain isolation property with respect to the aquarium and set in an environment more suitable for algae growth than the aquarium. A method for inhibiting algae development. 2. An algal-adhered substrate is provided for the area,
At least one selected from the group consisting of light supply, stirring, aeration, carbon dioxide supply, addition of elements suitable for the growth of algae, prevention of algae leakage, and seed algae inoculation is performed. 2. The method for suppressing algae generation according to 1. 3. An area having a certain degree of isolation from an aquarium in which generation of algae is to be suppressed, an algae-adhered substrate, light supply means, stirring means, aeration means, carbon dioxide supply means, and algae leakage. An algae generation suppressing device comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of prevention means.