JPH11235573A - Pneumatic crushing and screening device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To finely crush plastic wastes contg. metals and to screen the plastics and metals with high precision. SOLUTION: This device is provided with a cylindrical vessel 11 having a suction port 12 for introducing an air current positioning at the lower part, an exhaust port 13 positioning at the upper part, a charge port 14 for charging plastic wastes contg. metals positioning between the suction port and exhaust port and a discharge port for discharging the metals separated from the wastes positioning at the lower part, a rotating shaft 15 arranged in the inside of the vessel 11, plural crushing impellers 120 mounted radially around the shaft 15 except for the charge port 14 in multiple stages and plural crushing blades 121 mounted on the inner periphery of the vessel 11 in the circumferential direction at prescribed intervals in multiple stages. The plastics are discharged from the exhaust port 13.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air flow crushing and sorting apparatus for drying, crushing and specific gravity sorting of waste containing plastics such as PET bottles.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Plastic bottles represented by PET bottles (polyethylene terephthalate bottles) out of waste discharged from households and shops are required to be recycled, and are separated and collected by local governments for treatment plants. And then crushed into chips or flakes, and then the crushed material is recycled into PET bottles at a reprocessing plant.

In the above-mentioned crushing process, it is necessary to crush the PET bottle as finely as possible in order to facilitate the regeneration. Therefore, in a processing plant, a crushing step using a single-shaft or twin-shaft crusher is provided.

[0004]

According to the single-screw or twin-screw crusher described above, it is possible to finely crush the bottle body and the aluminum cap attached to the neck of the bottle. If crushed pieces of the cap are mixed, there is a problem that the purity of the obtained bottle piece is low and the commercial value is reduced. Usually, the collected PET bottles are visually selected, and for PET bottles having an aluminum cap on the neck portion, a time-consuming operation of removing the aluminum cap and then putting the bottle into a crusher is performed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an air flow crushing and sorting apparatus capable of finely crushing plastic waste containing foreign matters such as metals and preventing foreign matters from being mixed into the sorted plastic. is there.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the present invention, there are provided an intake port into which a lower airflow is introduced, an exhaust port above, and metals located between the two. A cylindrical container having an input port for inputting plastic waste including and an outlet for discharging metals separated from the waste located at the lower part, and a rotating shaft arranged inside the cylindrical container, A plurality of crushing blades mounted radially and in multiple stages around a rotating shaft excluding a material input port, and a plurality of crushing blades mounted in predetermined stages in a circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical container and in multiple stages. And a technical means of discharging the crushed plastic from the exhaust port.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The details of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an airflow crushing and sorting apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 100 denotes a separately collected PET bottle, which is put into a popper 1 and conveyed to an air stream crusher 3 by a screw conveyor 2. In the air flow crusher 3, the PET bottle 100 is moved up by 10 to 20 mm while being raised by the hot air blown by the blower (which may be a push type or a suction type) 4.
Crushed to size. Most of the crushed material (plastics) is sent from the top of the air flow crusher 3 to the cyclone 5 by the ascending airflow, collected at the bottom thereof, and collected from the rotary valve 6 into the container 7 in a fixed amount. On the other hand, the air introduced into the cyclone 5 is discharged into the atmosphere from an exhaust pipe 8 provided at the head.

Further, a certain amount of metals (crushed pieces of aluminum cap) mixed in the above-mentioned crushed material are collected from the bottom of the cyclone 3 into the container 10 via the rotary valve 9. That is, in the air stream crusher 3, the high specific gravity (about 2.7) Al alloy is discharged from the bottom, while the low specific gravity (1.38 to 1.40) plastic (polyethylene terephthalate) is discharged together with air from the top. Is done. The air crusher 3 is made of plastic and metal (Al
Alloy) can be used as long as it has a function of crushing the alloy finely and separating the two reliably. For example, a structure shown in FIG. 2 is preferable.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an air flow crusher according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a view along arrow AA in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a view along arrow BB in FIG. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 11 denotes a support 115
Is a cylindrical container supported by
An exhaust port 13 is provided at an upper portion, and a waste input port 4 is provided between the intake port 12 and the exhaust port 13. The upper end and the lower end of the cylindrical container 11 have upper flanges 16a, 16b and lower flanges 17a, 17b, respectively.
Sealed. Inside the cylindrical container 11, a rotating shaft 15 is arranged concentrically with the cylindrical container 11, and the rotating shaft 15 is
Both ends are supported by an upper flange 16b and a lower flange 17b via bearings 18 and 19, respectively. The bearing 18 is a bearing flange 19a mounted on a flange body 19a fixed on the upper surface of the upper flange 16b.
b, and the bearing 19 is fitted in a bearing flange 19b mounted on a flange body 19b fixed to the lower surface of the lower flange 17b. The bearing flange 19b
An oil seal 118 is fitted therein. Rotary axis 1
A pulley 110 is fixed to the lower end of the motor 5, and a pulley 112 is also fixed to the output shaft 111a of the motor 111.
A V-belt 113 is stretched over both pulleys 110 and 111.

As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of crushing blades 120 are radially fixed around the rotary shaft 5, and as shown in FIG. Excluded area, that is, first crushing area Z
It is multi-tiered to be positioned _first and second crushing region Z ₂ and third crushing area Z ₃ formed in its lower part formed thereon. Note that the crushing blade 120 is
Is fixed via a pin (not shown) to a ring-shaped collar 150 mounted on the outer periphery of the device. Also on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical container 1, so as to be positioned in the respective regions Z ₁ to Z _3, at predetermined intervals a plurality of crushing blades 121 along the circumferential direction (see FIG. 3) and a multi-stage (See FIG. 2).

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, at the lowermost portion of the cylindrical container 11, a discharge blade 122 is fixed around the rotary shaft 15, and a discharge port 114 is provided around the container 11. Have been.

The operation according to the above configuration is as follows. First, the waste 100 including the PET bottle is supplied from the input port 4, the rotating shaft 15 is driven by operating the motor 111, and the airflow is supplied from the intake port 2 to the cylindrical container 1.
Introduce into 1. As a result, the waste is dried in the zone Z ₁ , and the waste then rises in the cylindrical container 11 by airflow, is crushed by the crushing blade 120 in the first crushing zone Z ₁ and the second crushing Z ₂ , and is exhausted. Discharged from mouth 3 and collected. On the other hand, metals (aluminum cap) in waste are
Dropped a cylindrical container 11, in the third crushing area Z ₃ in the middle, it is crushed by the crushing blades 120. The unprocessed material that has not been crushed by the crushing blade 120 accumulates on the bottom surface of the cylindrical container 11 together with the crushed pieces of the aluminum cap, and is discharged from the discharge port 115 by the rotation of the discharge blade 122. In the above-mentioned crushing process, the crushing blade 121 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical container 11 can more reliably crush the waste.

According to this embodiment, even if metals are contained in the plastic waste, it can be finely crushed and the volume can be reduced. Of metals can be prevented. In addition, by introducing hot air from the inlet, the plastic can be semi-molten, and a higher volume reduction effect can be obtained.

In the above embodiment, the crushing blades at each stage have the same length, but in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the crushing blades 120a to 120d have different lengths (the length of the blades). That is, 120a>120b>120c> 120d).

[0015]

As described above, according to the present invention, the troublesome work of visually observing the appearance of the PET bottle before crushing and removing the aluminum cap becomes unnecessary.
These can be finely crushed and plastics and metals can be sorted with high precision. Therefore, the separately collected plastic bottles can be reused at low cost. Moreover, by blowing hot air into the air flow crusher, the plastic can be semi-molten, and a higher volume reduction effect can be obtained. In addition, since the blowing effect of the hot air has a drying effect, crushing and volume reduction can be performed even when the contents are contained in the PET bottle.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an airflow crushing and sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an air flow crusher according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view as viewed in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an arrangement of crushing blades according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 cylindrical container, 12 intake port, 13 exhaust port, 14
Input port, 15 rotating shaft, 120 crushing blade, 121 crushing blade

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An inlet for introducing an airflow located at a lower part, an exhaust port located at an upper part, and an inlet for introducing plastic waste containing metals located between the two, and a waste located at a lower part. A cylindrical container having an outlet for discharging metals separated from the object, a rotating shaft disposed inside the cylindrical container, and a multi-stage radially mounted around the rotating shaft excluding the waste inlet. Having a plurality of crushing blades, and a plurality of crushing blades attached at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical container and mounted in multiple stages, and discharging the plastic crushed material from the exhaust port. Characteristic air flow crushing and sorting equipment.