JPH11174959A - Label base material, label, its production and producing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a label base material so that labels can be produced by properly adding ink information by using various kinds of printers, that labels have excellent wear resistance or scratch resistance of the ink information and have excellent water resistance, chemical resistance such as solvent resistance, color density and chroma, and that contamination depositing on the labels can be easily removed. SOLUTION: This label base body consists of a laminar structure having at least a porous layer 1 and an adhesive layer 2. The porous layer 1 is formed on the surface and consists of a material the surface of which can be converted into a nonporous state. The label has ink information 4 on the porous layer 1 of the base body, and at least the surface of the porous layer 1 is treated to have no pores (11). In the production of the label, the porous layer 1 of the base material is impregnated with an ink and then the surface is treated into a nonporous state. The producing device is used to give ink information to the label base body by a ink-jet or heat transfer printing mechanism to produce labels. The device has a heating and pressurizing mechanism between the printing part and the label discharging part.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a label substrate capable of providing ink information having excellent durability such as abrasion resistance, and a label, a method for producing the label, and a production apparatus.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Hitherto, there has been known a label for a printer, a copying machine, or the like in which ink is penetrated into a porous layer of a porous substrate such as paper or cloth. Such a label has the advantage that the ink penetrates into the porous layer and is protected by the porous layer, and the applied ink information is less likely to be lost due to friction, scratching, scratching or the like.

However, there is a problem that the porous layer itself is vulnerable to abrasion or scratching and is easily damaged, and the ink information is lost along with the damage. There is also a problem that the ink information is lost or bleeds when the ink-soluble liquid enters the porous layer. Therefore, the durability of the ink information is limited by the strength of the porous layer, the water resistance of the ink, the solvent resistance, the chemical resistance, and the like.

Further, there has been another problem that the irregular reflection property of the porous layer lowers the color density and chroma of the permeated ink, making it difficult to remove the contaminants adhering to the aforementioned liquid penetration. A non-porous substrate such as a plastic film can exhibit the original color characteristics of the ink, and can easily remove adhesion contamination without such a problem of a decrease in color density and saturation. The properties are inferior to those of porous substrates.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is capable of issuing a label by providing ink information on occasions via various printers, and is capable of printing ink information such as scratch resistance, scratch resistance, water resistance and solvent resistance. It is an object of the present invention to develop a label base material having excellent chemical resistance, color density and saturation, and capable of forming a label capable of easily removing adhered contamination.

[0006]

According to the present invention, there is provided a laminate comprising at least a porous layer and an adhesive layer, wherein the porous layer is located on a surface, and at least the surface is made of a material which can be made nonporous. What provides a label substrate characterized in that it has ink information in a porous layer of the label substrate, and that at least the surface of the porous layer is subjected to a nonporous treatment. It is.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for producing a label, characterized in that at least the surface of the porous layer is made nonporous after ink is applied to and penetrates the porous layer of the label substrate. And a device for producing a label by applying ink information to a label base material via a printing mechanism of an ink jet system or a thermal transfer system, and a thermal head, a heating roll or a heating press between a printing unit and a label discharging unit. An object of the present invention is to provide a label manufacturing apparatus having a heating and pressurizing mechanism comprising a mechanism.

【The invention's effect】

According to the present invention, a label can be issued by giving ink information to the printer via various printers, and the ink information penetrates into the porous layer and is protected by the nonporous layer on the surface. Thus, a highly durable label having excellent chemical resistance such as scratch resistance, scratch resistance, water resistance, and solvent resistance, color density, and saturation can be formed. Further, it is possible to easily wipe off the adhered contamination and to have excellent stain resistance, and it is possible to prevent ink ink or the like from penetrating and adhering and obstructing the reading of ink information. Furthermore, there is an advantage that a separate cover material is not required by making the porous layer nonporous.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The label substrate of the present invention comprises a laminate having at least a porous layer and an adhesive layer, wherein the porous layer is located on the surface and at least the surface can be made nonporous. Consists of Examples are shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 2 (a).
It was shown to. 1 is a porous layer, 2 is an adhesive layer, 21 is a separator provided as needed, 6 is a reinforcing base material provided as needed, and 61 is an adhesive layer.

FIGS. 1A and 2A show a state in which ink information 4 is applied to the porous layer 1, and FIG.
2 (b) and FIG. 2 (b) show a state in which the surface of the porous layer 1 is labeled as a nonporous layer 11 and adhered to the adherend 5 via the adhesive layer 2.

The label substrate is composed of a laminate having at least a porous layer and an adhesive layer, and may be in any suitable form having the porous layer as an ink receiving layer on the surface. Incidentally, examples thereof include a superposed form of the porous layer 1 and the adhesive layer 2 as illustrated in FIG. 1, a superposed form of the porous layer 1 and the reinforcing substrate 6 and the adhesive layer 2 as illustrated in FIG. The superposed form in which the porous layer 1 and the reinforcing base material 6 are bonded via the adhesive layer 61 and the adhesive layer 2 is added thereto, and the superposed form in which the porous layer and the bonding layer impregnated in the reinforcing base material are superposed. Can be

The porous layer only needs to be made of a material which can make at least the surface nonporous by an appropriate method such as a melting treatment by heating or a dissolving treatment by a solvent. By the way, as an example, there is a material which is entangled in water or the like using one or two or more kinds of appropriate fibers made of a thermoplastic resin or the like and is deposited and dehydrated in a sheet form according to a paper structure. Can be

A coating film of a polymer dispersion such as a porous film or an emulsion by a stretching method or the like; While a solution of the polymer in a solvent is applied and the coating layer contains a solvent and is in an undried state, the coating layer is sprayed with a coagulation solvent that is compatible with the solvent and does not dissolve the polymer. What solidified the said coating layer is also mentioned as an example of a porous layer.

The method of forming a porous layer by the above-described solvent spraying method for coagulation is a method of forming a porous layer in which a large number of fine fibers are three-dimensionally expanded while forming a large number of fine nodules, that is, a large number of porous layers. Points (fine nodules) where fine fibers are derived in various directions are grouped in a three-dimensional space at a small distance, and a porous layer having a communication structure in which a large number of fine fibers derived from the points are connected between the points. Can be formed, and there is an advantage that the ink information is excellent in forming properties such as ink permeability.

Examples of the polymer solvent which is compatible with the above-described coagulating solvent and insolubilizes the polymer by mixing with the coagulating solvent include, for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N Amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, hexane and heptane, cyclohexane and cycloheptane, benzene and toluene,
A hydrocarbon solvent such as xylene or acetone is used.

As the coagulating solvent, for example, water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, and glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are used. In the polymer solution, if necessary, a thickener or a hydrophilicity-imparting agent for the purpose of imparting hydrophilicity for the purpose of improving coatability, an improvement in the strength or concealment of the formed porous layer, Incorporates appropriate additives and chemicals such as fillers, colorants such as white pigments, and antioxidants for the purpose of adjusting the porous structure, improving contrast with applied ink information by coloring, and improving heat resistance. Is done.

As the material for forming the porous layer, any suitable material may be used according to the purpose of use of the label substrate and the like, and there is no particular limitation. Generally, a plastic, particularly a thermoplastic resin, is used. Incidentally, examples thereof include polyethylene and polypropylene, olefin resins such as ethylene-propylene copolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl acetate. Vinyl resins such as butyral and polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl acetal and polyvinyl hydroxide, cellulose resins such as ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, and fluorine resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride. can give.

Further, polyurethane resins, polyamide resins, xylene resins and polycarbonate resins, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polyacrylate, acetal resins and polyvinylidene chloride, styrene / isoprene copolymers and styrene / Rubber polymers such as butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, polybutadiene, acrylic rubber / styrene / acrylonitrile copolymer and EPDM / styrene / acrylonitrile copolymer;
Polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyphenylenesulfide, polyamideimide, polyesterimide, and the like are also examples of the porous layer forming material. For forming the porous layer, two or more kinds of plastics can be blended and used.

For applications where low energy, chemical resistance, versatility, etc. are desired when nonporous by heating,
Olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene can be particularly preferably used. For outdoor applications where weather resistance and the like are desired, plastics such as fluororesins and acrylic rubber / styrene / acrylonitrile copolymers,
Rubber polymers such as EPDM / styrene / acrylonitrile copolymer are preferably used.

In the present invention, the purpose of the porous layer is to form ink information in a state where ink has penetrated into the holes. The porous layer, which is preferable from the viewpoints of ink permeability and the ability to form clear ink information, has an average pore diameter of 50 μm or less, preferably 0.01 to 40 μm, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 40 μm.
0.5 to 20 μm, the maximum pore size is 100 μm or less, especially 80
μm or less, especially 50 μm or less.

The porous layer, which is preferable from the viewpoint of ink permeability and layer strength, has a porosity, that is, a volume ratio of pores in the porous layer of 30 to 90%, preferably 35 to 85%.
In particular, it is 40-80%. The holes may be present in any state of independent holes or / and continuous holes,
It is preferable to have communication at least in the layer thickness direction from the viewpoint of ink permeability.

The porous layer may be subjected to a surface treatment such as a plasma treatment, a corona treatment, and a chemical etching treatment for the purpose of improving the permeability of the ink into the pores. A method of incorporating a surfactant into the porous layer and a method of providing a surfactant coat layer on the surface of the porous layer are also effective in improving ink permeability.

As shown in FIG. 2, the label base material may be one obtained by laminating the porous layer 1 as an ink receiving layer on the reinforcing base material 6. Lamination of the porous layer and the reinforcing substrate, for example, a method of coating and forming a porous layer on the reinforcing substrate or a method of forming and impregnating the porous layer and the reinforcing substrate via an adhesive or under heating It can be performed by an appropriate method such as a method of bonding, a method of extruding a plastic film while pressing it with a porous layer through a roll or the like and bringing it into close contact with the porous layer,
There is no particular limitation.

[0024] The reinforcing substrate is made of a suitable material or form, such as paper, nonwoven fabric, cloth or metal foil, net or resin film, or a composite thereof, depending on the intended use of the label substrate. Can be used. By selecting a reinforcing base material, physical properties such as flexibility such as curved surface adhesion and heat resistance can be appropriately adjusted, and a contrast with ink information to be provided can be improved through the reinforcing base material.

Examples of the above-mentioned paper include high-quality paper, art paper, natural paper such as coated paper and glassine paper, and polypropylene synthetic paper. As the resin film, in addition to those made of the plastics exemplified as the material for forming the porous layer, epoxy acrylic resin, urethane acrylic resin, polyester acrylic resin, acrylate resin, alkyd acrylic resin, silicone acrylic resin And those made of UV-curable resins such as polyene / polythiol-type spirane resins and aminoalkyd-based resins. The thickness of the porous layer and the reinforcing substrate can be appropriately determined according to the purpose of use of the label substrate and the like. In general, from 3 to 500 μm, especially 5
厚 300 μm, especially 7-200 μm.

The layer for forming the label substrate such as the porous layer, the reinforcing substrate or the adhesive layer may contain one or more kinds of various additives or chemicals. For example,
Examples include an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant and an antioxidant for the purpose of improving the durability, a coloring agent such as a white pigment for the purpose of improving the contrast with a pattern to be provided, and other fillers. It is preferable that at least one layer other than the porous layer such as the reinforcing base material or the adhesive layer is formed as an opaque layer from the viewpoint of good recognition of ink information by concealing the base. When the porous layer is formed on the reinforcing substrate, an intermediate layer such as a primer layer may be provided for the purpose of improving the adhesion to the substrate.

The adhesive layer provided on the back side of the label substrate on the non-printing side is intended to adhere and fix the label to the adherend. The adhesive layer can be formed with an appropriate adhesive, but an adhesive layer is preferred from the viewpoint of simplicity of the bonding operation. For the formation of the adhesive layer, for example, rubber-based or acrylic-based, silicone-based or vinylalkyl-ether-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based or polyvinylpyrrolidone-based, polyacrylamide-based or cellulose-based, urethane-based or polyester-based, polyamide-based or other suitable One or two or more adhesives can be used.

The adhesive layer may be attached directly to the porous layer or the reinforcing substrate by an appropriate coating method such as a doctor blade method, or an adhesive layer may be formed on a separator and the porous layer or the reinforcing layer formed thereon. It can be performed by an appropriate method such as a method of transferring to a substrate. The thickness of the adhesive layer to be attached can be determined according to the purpose of use, and is generally 1 to 500 μm. It is preferable to temporarily cover the provided adhesive layer with a separator or the like until the adhesive layer is bonded to the adherend to prevent contamination and the like.

The label substrate of the present invention exhibits internal permeability (absorptivity) of the ink as described above, and thus is preferably used as a label paper by various printing methods, particularly, a method of printing with a liquid ink at the time of printing. Can be used.
The label can be formed by giving ink information or a pattern to the porous layer of the label substrate.

The method of providing the ink information is arbitrary, and an appropriate method such as a handwriting method, a printing method, and an ink application method via a mask can be adopted. In addition to the printing method, in addition to the screen printing method and the gravure printing method, printing methods using various printers such as a hot-melt type, a thermal sublimation type, a thermal transfer type, an inkjet type, an XY plotter type, a wire dot type, and an impact type are also available. The printing method is not particularly limited, and an appropriate printing method can be used.

In particular, ink jet systems, thermal transfer systems,
A printing method using on-demand printing such as an electrophotographic method is preferable in terms of printing accuracy, internal permeability of ink, and formability of labels. Also in the thermal transfer method and the electrophotographic method, the ink is liquefied by heating and melting at the time of thermal transfer in the thermal transfer method and at the time of fixing in the electrophotographic method, and ink information in which the ink has penetrated into the porous layer is formed. . Therefore, even if a solid ink is liquefied by a method of heating and melting the ink, it is possible to form ink information in which the ink has penetrated into the porous layer.

In the above, any suitable ink or ink sheet can be used. In addition, the ink information to be applied is arbitrary, and arbitrary information including characters, figures, symbols, and the like such as a print pattern, a picture pattern, and a barcode pattern may be added. When an identification label or the like is formed, it is preferable that a good contrast or a difference in color tone is formed between the label base material and the ink information. The label base material can be provided for printing in an appropriate form such as a long sheet, a wound body thereof, a single sheet or a punched sheet.

The label according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
As illustrated in (b), after the ink information 4 was applied to the porous layer 1 of the label base material, at least the surface of the porous layer was made nonporous to form the nonporous layer 11. Things. By forming such a non-porous layer, it functions as a protective layer for ink information, and has scratch resistance, scratch resistance,
A highly durable label having excellent chemical resistance such as water resistance and solvent resistance can be obtained. In addition, the non-porous material reduces the whitening, opacity, and translucency due to irregular reflection of light based on the porosity, thereby making the ink transparent, thereby reproducing the original color density and saturation of the ink.

Accordingly, the label can be formed by, for example, dissolving the porous layer by infiltrating the ink with an appropriate method and then contacting at least the surface of the porous layer with, for example, a solvent soluble in the porous layer, or a melting method by heating. Can be carried out by performing a nonporous treatment in an appropriate method. A non-porous treatment method preferable from the viewpoint of the preservation of the ink information given earlier is a melting method by heating, particularly a melting and pressing method by heating and pressing. Accordingly, such a heating method and a heating and pressing method can be preferably applied to a porous layer made of a thermoplastic resin.

As the heating and pressurizing method, for example, an appropriate heating and pressurizing means such as a heat press method, a thermal head pressing method, and a heating roll method can be adopted. As described above, the method of making the porous layer nonporous does not require a separate cover material, and has a great practical advantage.

In the above, the treatment for making the porous layer nonporous comprises:
Although it can be performed at an appropriate stage after the ink information is provided, when the label is manufactured by an on-demand printing method, the label is discharged from the manufacturing apparatus in a state of a completed label after the porous layer has been made nonporous. Is preferable from the viewpoint of the production efficiency of the label.

In the label manufacturing apparatus using the on-demand printing method, the manufacturing apparatus for discharging the completed label after the non-porous treatment of the porous layer is formed by, for example, an ink jet method or a thermal transfer method on a label base material. A thermal head between a printing unit and a label discharging unit in an apparatus for manufacturing a label by applying ink information through a printing mechanism of
This can be performed by disposing a heating / pressing mechanism including a heating roll or a heating press mechanism.

FIG. 3 illustrates such a label manufacturing apparatus.
According to this, while the label base material 3 is sequentially unwound from the winding body 31, the label base material 3 is introduced into the printing mechanism 7 for applying the ink information 4 based on the print data, and the predetermined printing is performed on the porous layer 1 of the label base material. After that, it is introduced into the subsequent heating and pressurizing mechanism 8 to make the surface of the porous layer nonporous 11 and then the cutting mechanism 9
And cut the label base material to a predetermined size to continuously form the target label 10.

In the apparatus shown in the figure, the printing mechanism 7 includes a thermal head 72, an ink ribbon 73, a supply reel 74, and a take-up reel 7 arranged on a platen roll 71.
5 is a thermal transfer type. Further, the heating / pressing mechanism 8 includes a heat roll 81 and a metal roll 82 arranged in a pinch type, and also functions as a progressive feeding mechanism for the label base material. As the heat roll, a roll to which a molten resin is unlikely to adhere, such as a silicone rubber roll or a fluororesin coated roll, is preferable.

In the above description, the thermal transfer type printing mechanism has been described as an example. However, in the present invention, an ink jet type printing mechanism may be used. The heating and pressurizing mechanism may be a thermal head system or a heating press mechanism. Further, an appropriate forward feeding mechanism separate from the heating and pressing mechanism can be arranged at an appropriate position, for example, between the roll of the label base material and the printing mechanism.

In addition, a cutting mechanism can be provided as necessary, and the cutting mechanism may be any as long as it cuts the label base material to a predetermined size. It can be formed by an appropriate mechanism such as a mechanism for operating and thereby cutting to a predetermined size. Further, the cutting may be performed over the entire width of the label base material, or may be performed on a portion of the label base material in a state in which looseness is prevented by leaving a seam allowance that can be easily separated via hands or the like. Is also good.

Accordingly, the manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention has a structure similar to the conventional one, that is, a method in which a label substrate is provided with a printing mechanism via a printing mechanism, except that a heating and pressurizing mechanism is additionally arranged between the printing section and the label discharging section. An appropriate device having a structure for producing a label by providing ink information can be provided.

[0043]

EXAMPLE 1 A hot-melt polyamide solution was applied to a corona-treated surface of a white PET film having a thickness of 50 μm and dried to form an adhesive layer of 5 g / m ² , and a thickness of 5 g / m ² was formed thereon. 26
μm, an average pore diameter of 0.2 μm, a maximum pore diameter of 0.5 μm, and a porosity of 65% (K-81, manufactured by Celgard Inc.)
7) was arranged and bonded via a heating roll at 115 ° C.

On the other hand, 100 parts (parts by weight, the same applies hereinafter) of butyl acrylate, 3 parts of acrylic acid, 0.2 parts of benzoyl peroxide and 200 parts of toluene were placed in a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen inlet, and a condenser. The reaction was carried out at 70 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.
Multifunctional polyurethane per part (Nippon Polyurethanes,
An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive solution prepared by adding 3 parts of Coronate L) was coated on a separator obtained by treating a 38 μm-thick PET film with a silicone-based release agent, and dried and cured at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes to 20 g / m 2. Form an adhesive layer of ² ,
White PET with the adhesive layer bonded to the porous film
The film was placed on the exposed surface of the PET film and laminated via a hand roll to obtain a label substrate.

Next, a heating and pressurizing mechanism in which a silicone rubber heat roll and a metal roll are arranged in a pinch manner between a printing portion and a label discharge port of an ink jet printer (manufactured by Seiko Epson Corporation, MJ-930C). After the label base material is attached to the apparatus provided, color printing is performed on the porous layer with the aqueous ink, and then the printing is performed at 180 ° C. through the heating and pressurizing mechanism. Was made nonporous to obtain a label.

Example 2 A figure was handwritten on the porous layer of the label substrate obtained in Example 1 with an oil-based ink magic (manufactured by Zebra, Mackey, the same applies hereinafter), and the figure was drawn through a press device at 1.0 kgf /. cm ² , 18
The surface of the porous layer was made nonporous by heating and pressing at 0 ° C. for 15 seconds to obtain a label.

Comparative Example 1 A label was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heating and pressurizing mechanism was not provided, and thus the porous layer surface was not made porous by the heating and pressurizing treatment.

Comparative Example 2 A label was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the surface of the porous layer was not subjected to a nonporous treatment by heating and pressing.

Comparative Example 3 A label was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a paper label (manufactured by KOKUYO Co., Ltd., tack title) was used as the label base material.

Comparative Example 4 A commercially available ink jet label (manufactured by Kao Corporation, with a glossy film paste) was used as a label substrate, and the surface of the porous layer was not heated and pressurized. A label was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nonporous treatment was not performed.

Evaluation Test The following characteristics were examined for the labels obtained in the examples and comparative examples. Printability It was determined whether or not normal printing was possible based on the printing state.

Color Density Using the cases of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 as a reference (3), the color density of the printed ink information was visually evaluated on a scale of 1 (light) to 5 (dark).

One minute after dropping a water drop on the label, the surface of the label was rubbed 50 times reciprocally with a load of about 2 kgf with a water-impregnated rag, and the resistance was judged from the bleeding state of the applied ink information.

Solvent Resistance One minute after the toluene was dropped on the label, the surface of the label was rubbed 50 times with a load of about 2 kgf with a waste cloth impregnated with toluene, and the resistance was judged from the bleeding state of the applied ink information. .

Scratch resistance The surface of the label was rubbed 50 times with a sand eraser rubber under a load of about 2 kgf, and the resistance was determined from the remaining state of the applied ink information.

Stain resistance Coffee was dropped on the label, and after one minute, wiped off with a waste cloth.
Resistance was determined from the contamination state.

The results are shown in the following table.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a label.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another label example.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged explanatory view of an example of a label manufacturing apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3: Label base 1: Porous layer 11: Non-porous layer 2: Adhesive layer 21: Separator 6: Reinforcing base 61: Adhesive layer 4: Ink information 5: Adherend 7: Printing mechanism 8: Heating Pressure means 9: Cut mechanism 10: Label

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A label base comprising a laminate having at least a porous layer and an adhesive layer, wherein the porous layer is located on a surface and is made of a material capable of at least making the surface non-porous. Wood. 2. The label substrate according to claim 1, wherein the laminate has a supporting substrate between the porous layer and the adhesive layer. 3. The label substrate according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive layer. 4. The label substrate according to claim 3, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is temporarily covered with a separator. 5. The label substrate according to claim 1, wherein at least one layer other than the porous layer forming the laminate is opaque. 6. The label substrate according to claim 1, wherein the porous layer comprises a thermoplastic resin as a component. 7. The label substrate according to claim 1, wherein the porous layer contains a surfactant, has a surfactant layer on the surface, or is plasma-treated. 8. The label substrate according to claim 1, wherein the porous layer contains one or more of an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, an antioxidant, and a filler. 9. The porous layer according to claim 1, wherein the porous layer has pores having an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 20 μm and a maximum pore diameter of 50 μm or less and communicating at least in a layer thickness direction, and has a porosity of 30 to 9 μm.
Label base material that is 0%. 10. A label, wherein the porous layer of the label substrate according to claim 1 has ink information, and at least the surface of the porous layer is subjected to a nonporous treatment. . 11. A label according to claim 1, wherein at least the surface of the porous layer of the label substrate is subjected to a nonporous treatment after the ink is applied to and penetrated into the porous layer. Production method. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein a liquid ink is used at the time of printing. 13. The label manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the ink is applied by an ink jet system, a thermal transfer system, or an electrophotographic system. 14. The method for producing a label according to claim 11, wherein the nonporous treatment is performed by a heating method, a heating and pressing method, or a contact method with a solvent soluble in a porous layer. 15. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein the heating and pressurizing means is a heating press method, a thermal head pressing method, or a heating roll method. 16. An apparatus for producing a label by applying ink information to a label substrate via an ink-jet type or thermal transfer type printing mechanism, wherein a thermal head and a heating device are provided between a printing part and a label discharging part. A label manufacturing apparatus having a heating / pressing mechanism including a roll or a heating press mechanism.