JPH11172757A - Building structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a foundation part of a simple structure by making a building lightweight. SOLUTION: A building 5 made very lightweight is constructed by constructing a bearing wall from sandwich panels 6 having a load bearing property. At least the corner parts of he building 5 are arranged and installed on a space truss 4. The space truss 4 is so formed that the number of lower chords 4a is 1 grid smaller than that of upper chords 4b, with the apexes 4d of the space truss 4 installed on PC boards 3 (or foundation slab 10, pile 11) constituting a foundation part 2. The PC boards 3 are installed by rolling the ground 1, and its excavating depth can be reduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a building structure which is advantageous when building a low-rise, low-rise, one- to three-story building mainly for houses.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various examples of currently used foundations and typical examples of building structures using these foundations will be described.

[0003] A building structure (first known example) shown in FIG. 10 is a combination of a footing foundation and a building, and the ground is approximately
Rooted at a depth of more than 27cm and made of reinforced concrete (R
The footing 51 of FIG.
Are constructed, and a building 53 adopting, for example, a panel construction method is formed above the foundation. The footing 51 may be continuous along the outer periphery of the building, or may be independent.

The building structure (second known example) shown in FIG. 11 is a combination of a solid foundation and a building. The ground is cut down to a depth of about 15 cm or more, and the RC foundation slab 54a and foundation beam 54 are provided.
b and a solid foundation are formed, and a building 53 is formed above the foundation.

A building structure (third known example) shown in FIG. 12 is a combination of a pile foundation and a building. A pile 55 made of reinforced concrete or steel pipe is driven into the ground, and an RC The foundation beams 56 constitute a building on top of this foundation
53.

In each of the above known examples, the foundation beams 52, 54b,
56 has a function to reduce the influence of moisture by separating the lower surface of the upper building from the ground surface, and to withstand the load of the building (vertical force) and the horizontal force generated during an earthquake. The lower structure is footing 51, foundation slab
54a, which has a function of transmitting to the pile 55 or to the ground.

Also, footing 51, foundation slab 54a, pile 55
Has a function of sufficiently transmitting the vertical force of the building to the ground to prevent land subsidence. In particular, the footing 51 and the foundation slab 54a transmit the horizontal force acting on the building to the ground and the building moves sideways. It has a function of preventing the above.

The above-mentioned known examples are appropriately selected according to conditions such as the weight of the building and the ground strength of the ground. In some cases, the foundation is obtained by combining the technology of the first known example with the ground improvement. Sometimes it is built.

[0009]

In each of the above-mentioned known examples, the foundations are all RC structures, so that rebar arrangement work and formwork work are performed on site, concrete is poured into the formwork, and the formwork is removed. Is required, and it takes a lot of time and cost for construction.A curing period until the cast concrete is hardened is required, and it takes a lot of time to construct.Concrete cast-in-place requires high precision and stable quality. There is a problem that is difficult.

[0010] In addition, earth construction becomes essential along with the construction of the RC foundation, and it takes a lot of time and effort to perform root cutting work, crushed stone laying work, compaction work, and the like. In many cases, it is not possible, and there is a problem that it takes time and labor to carry out the remaining soil and carry in the lands for backfilling.

[0011] Further, since there is an RC foundation beam, it is necessary to make a hole in the foundation beam when installing piping or wiring under the floor, and a sleeve is installed in a form when forming the foundation beam. However, there is a problem that it takes time and cost, and furthermore, it is necessary to add a reinforcing reinforcing bar around the hole in order to guarantee the strength.

In addition, when performing maintenance of piping and wiring installed under the floor, it is difficult for workers to enter under the floor, and when rebuilding a building, the RC foundation is dismantled and removed. There is also a problem that it takes time and effort.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the total weight of a building and a foundation beam by using a space truss instead of a foundation beam and using a sandwich panel as a load-bearing wall, thereby realizing a simple foundation. To provide a building structure that can be used.

[0014]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a building structure according to the present invention is a building structure in which a building is installed on a foundation via a space truss, and the space truss is a first chord. A lower chord material that is less than one grid less than the timber is placed on the foundation, and the building is provided with metal plates on both sides of the core material without using beams and columns at least at the corners on the space truss. It is characterized by a panel construction method using a sandwich panel having a proof stress as a bearing wall.

In the above-mentioned building structure, the space truss arranged on the foundation can exhibit the same function as the foundation beam. In addition, since the building adopts a panel construction method that uses sandwich panels with metal plates on both sides of the core material as bearing walls without using columns and beams, the three-dimensional truss equivalent to the foundation beam and the building are lightened. I can do it.

For this reason, the vertical force of the building is reduced, and accordingly, the horizontal force generated during an earthquake is reduced in proportion to the vertical force. Therefore, the force acting on the foundation is reduced, and does not require as strong a structural strength as the conventional RC foundation. In other words, the foundation can have a simple structure, and together with the removal of the foundation beam, formwork and earthwork can be simplified.

In the above building structure, it is preferable that the core material of the sandwich panel is a heat insulating material made of a resin-based foam, and the density of the heat insulating material is 20 kg to 60 kg per cubic meter. By using the sandwich panel, it is possible to construct a building having sufficiently high strength and lightening.

In the above-mentioned building structure, it is preferable that the upper chord of the space truss also functions as the floor of the building. By configuring the space truss in this way, it is possible to reduce the number of constituent members of the entire building and reduce the weight of the building.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the above-mentioned building structure will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a building structure according to a first embodiment, FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a space truss, FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a sandwich panel, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a building structure according to a second embodiment, FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a building structure according to a third embodiment, and FIG. 7 is a building structure according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a space truss used for the building structure of the fourth embodiment,
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a building structure according to a fifth embodiment.

The building structure according to each of the following embodiments is designed to reduce the weight of a low-rise building of one to three stories mainly for houses by using sandwich panels as bearing walls without using beams or columns. Weigh this,
The structure is such that a space truss can be used in place of the foundation beam to achieve a higher weight reduction, and furthermore, simplification of the foundation part and simplification of the foundation work can be realized.

A building structure according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The building structure according to the present embodiment is advantageous when employed when building a building on a ground having a relatively high ground bearing capacity.

In the figure, a foundation 2 is constructed on a ground 1 according to a basic drawing of a target building. The foundation 2 is composed of a PC board 3 having a thickness of about 10 cm.
Is slightly cut and the PC board 3 is laid, or the ground 1 is rolled without cutting and the PC board 3 is laid.

A three-dimensional truss 4 configured as shown in FIG. 2 is placed on a PC board 3 constituting the base portion 2 with a lower chord material 4a placed thereon. At least the corners of the building 5 are installed on the space truss 4, and the building 5 is constituted by load-bearing walls composed of sandwich panels 6. 7 is laid.

The space truss 4 and the building 5 placed on the base 2 are extremely lightweight. For this reason, when the ground bearing capacity of the ground 1 is large, it is possible to form the sufficiently stable base portion 2 by rolling the ground 1 and then laying the PC board 3 on the rolled portion. is there. Therefore, when constructing the foundation 2, it is possible to simplify earthwork such as excavation of the ground 1, and it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of the residual soil treatment.

As shown in FIG. 2, the space truss 4 comprises a lower chord member 4a, an upper chord member 4b, and a diagonal member 4c. These members 4a to 4c form a quadrangular pyramid-shaped structural unit. The truss is configured as a truss having a planar spread in which the constituent units are connected. This space truss 4
The lower chord member 4a side is arranged one grid less than the upper chord member 4b side, and is configured such that the upper base of the equilateral trapezoid is disposed on the lower side in a side view.

When the dimensions (length of the lower chord 4a and upper chord 4b) of the grid constituting the space truss 4 are substantially equal to the width of the PC board 3, they are formed at the ends of the lower chord 4a. By placing the space truss 4 with the apex 4d substantially coincident with the center of the PC board 3 in the width direction, the position of the end of the upper chord member 4b of the space truss 4 is substantially equal to the end face of the PC board 3 in the width direction. Become. For this reason, when laying the piping 8 such as a drain pipe along the outer periphery of the building, the base portion 2 is advantageous without interference.

When the space truss 4 is installed on the PC board 3, each member 4 of the space truss 4 is located between the floor plate 7 and the ground.
A space 9 surrounded by a to 4c is formed. For this reason, it is possible to draw in underfloor piping, underfloor wiring, and the like using the space 9, and it is possible for an operator to invade.

The sandwich panel 6 constitutes a load-bearing wall of the building 5 installed above the space truss 4, and as shown in FIG. 3, a core material 6a as a heat insulating material made of a resin foam or the like. A metal plate 6b such as a galvalume steel plate having an area corresponding to the area of the core material 6a
Is provided as a bearing wall having a bearing capacity.

In particular, as the core material 6a, a heat insulating material such as a resin-based foam, such as an isocyanurate resin foam or a phenol resin foam, is preferably used. Strength 1
It is preferably between 1 kg and 5 kg per square centimeter. As the metal plate 6b, for example, a thickness of 0.6 mm to
A galvalume steel sheet of about 1.6 mm is preferable, and a thickness of 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm is most preferable in terms of cost and performance.

The sandwich panel 6 has an overall thickness of 60
The sandwich panel 6 is used as a bearing wall, and the outer wall, the floor, and the ceiling are connected to form an integral unit, thereby achieving light weight, high strength, and high earthquake resistance. The building 5 can be configured.

At least the corner of the building 5 has a space truss 4
Installed on top of The arrangement position of the sandwich panel 6 on the space truss 4 corresponds to the target building 5, and is not uniquely set. However, the sandwich panel 6 as a load-bearing wall is arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the space truss 4. A part of the weight of the building acts on the sandwich panel 6 as a vertical force, and the vertical force is transmitted to the space truss 4.

As the floor plate 7, a panel such as a PC plate or an ALC plate can be used. However, in order to make the building 5 highly lightweight and to ensure high strength and earthquake resistance, the floor plate 7 is required.
It is also preferable to use the sandwich panel 6. Therefore, in this embodiment, the floor panel 7 is installed by laying the sandwich panel 6 on the upper surface of the space truss 4.

In the building structure of the first embodiment configured as described above, the lower chord material 4 is placed on the upper part of the PC board 3 constituting the foundation 2.
The space truss 4 is arranged with the lower side a.
The vertical force transmitted to the upper chord member 4b located at the outer peripheral portion of the space truss 4 via the sandwich panel 6 forms the space truss 4 by attaching the sandwich panel 6 constituting the load-bearing wall of the building 5 to the space truss 4. A compression force is applied to the inclined material 4c to be transmitted to the PC board 3 and transmitted to the ground 1 via the PC board 3 to be supported.

In particular, the building 5 is extremely lightweight, and the space truss 4 is also sufficiently lightweight as compared with the conventional RC foundation beams. Therefore, the weight of the building 5 and the space truss 4 is also reduced. For this reason, the foundation 2 is
The load to be transmitted to the base 2 is reduced, and the area of the base 2 can be reduced. Similarly, the thickness of the base portion 2 can be reduced.

Further, since the horizontal force generated during an earthquake or the like is proportional to the vertical force, the horizontal force is reduced, and the depth of the foundation 2 (the depth of embedding the PC board 3) can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to form the foundation 2 by rolling the ground 1 and the need for root cutting work is eliminated. The base part 2 in the present embodiment is constructed by embedding the PC board 3 in a depth of 5 cm to 10 cm.

In this embodiment, a space truss 4 having a planar spread as shown in FIG. 2 was used. However, the space truss 4 does not necessarily need to be configured to have a planar spread, and may be, for example, a linear space truss 4 as shown in FIG. In this case, the space truss 4 is installed over the adjacent PC board 3 like the conventional foundation beam.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a building structure according to the second embodiment. The building structure of the present embodiment is intended for the ground 1 having a lower ground strength than the building structure of the first embodiment.

In the figure, the foundation 2 is composed of a foundation slab 10 made of RC, on which a space truss 4 is installed, and on which the building 5 is constructed.

The base slab 10 is composed of the lower chord 4 of the space truss 4.
It is formed to have a dimension larger than the length of the a-side (the distance between the vertices 4d) and smaller than the length of the upper chord 4b, so that the ground contact area with the ground 1 increases and the ground pressure is reduced. It is possible.

In the base slab 10, the vertical truss 4 and the horizontal force are reduced and the thickness is reduced because the space truss 4 and the building 5 installed on the upper part are sufficiently lightened as in the first embodiment. Approximately about 10cm, depth of 5cm ~ 10cm
It is possible to exhibit a sufficient function with the degree. Therefore, when the foundation slab 10 is formed, it is sufficient that the ground 1 is compacted, and the structure can be easily formed without requiring earthwork.

Further, since the space truss 4 is configured such that the lower chord 4a side is one grid smaller than the upper chord material 4b side, the building 5
Is installed corresponding to the end of the upper chord material 4b, the ground 1 without the foundation 2 is formed along the outer peripheral portion of the building 5. For this reason, it becomes possible to bury the pipe 8 directly below the building 5, which is advantageous on a site where the distance to the adjacent land is short.

Next, a building structure according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the foundation 2 is constituted by the piles 11, which is advantageous when the ground 1 is soft.

The pile 11 constituting the foundation 2 is provided with a space truss 4 in which the lower chord 4a side is smaller by one grid than the upper chord material 4 side, as in the above-described embodiments. At the upper part, a building 5 similar to the above-described embodiments is installed.

In particular, the pile 11 is driven with its head protruding from the ground 1, and the space truss 4 is installed on this head. For this reason, similarly to the above-described first embodiment, it is possible to bury the pipe 8 or the like directly below the outer periphery of the building 5, which is advantageous on a site where the distance to the adjacent land is short.

In the present embodiment, since the space truss 4 and the building 5 installed above the foundation 2 are lightened, the horizontal force acting on the foundation 2 is limited to the side of the foundation 11 and the ground 1.
Is transmitted to the ground 1 by pressure contact with the ground. For this reason, a foundation beam or the like having a predetermined embedding depth becomes unnecessary.

Next, the building structure of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
This will be described below. The case where the base part 2 is constituted by the PC board 3 will be described with reference to FIG.
For example, the foundation slab 10 or the pile 11 may be used. Similarly, the building 5 is configured using the sandwich panel 6 as a physical strength wall. Therefore, the base part 2 and the building 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment, and description thereof will be omitted.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, a three-dimensional truss 4 composed of an upper quadrangular member 4b and a diagonal member 4c in an inverted quadrangular pyramid shape is used.

The three-dimensional truss 4 is placed on the PC board 3 constituting the foundation 2 with the apex 4d positioned on the lower side, and a sandwich constituting the load-bearing wall of the building 5 on the upper chord 4b of the three-dimensional truss 4 The building 5 is configured on the space truss 4 by hanging the panel 6 and fixing the space 6 to the space truss 4.

That is, in this embodiment, the space truss 4 is connected to the PC
It is configured like a dot corresponding to the plate 3. Even in this case, the vertical force is transmitted to the space truss 4 by making the corner of the building 5 coincide with the upper part of the upper chord member 4b arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the space truss 4, and the compressive force is applied to the diagonal member 4c. Is transmitted to the ground 1 from the PC board 3 to be supported.

Next, the building structure of the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
This will be described below. In this embodiment, a floor slab 12 constituting the building 5 is used instead of the upper chord material 4b in the space truss 4. The space truss 4 of the present embodiment may be configured as a plane as shown in FIG. 2 or may be configured as a straight line as shown in FIG.

The structure of the floor slab 12 is not particularly limited, and a PC plate or an ALC plate can be used similarly to the floor plate 7 in the first to third embodiments. However, it is preferable to use the sandwich panel 6 like the load-bearing wall of the building 5.

The floor plate 7 of the first to third embodiments may be simply placed on the space truss 4. However, the floor slab 12 of this embodiment has a function as a member constituting the space truss 4, and the diagonal member 4c constituting the space truss 4 has one end on the lower chord material 4a and the other end on the floor slab 12a. Attached to.

The vertical force of the building 5 can be transmitted from the PC board 3 to the ground 1 even in the building structure configured as described above.

[0054]

As described in detail above, in the building structure according to the present invention, a space truss whose lower chord is one grid smaller than that of the upper chord is installed on the foundation, and a sandwich wall is provided as a bearing wall on this space truss. At least a corner of a building configured using panels is installed. Therefore, the building can be highly reduced in weight, and the building can be supported by the lightweight space truss.

For this reason, the vertical force acting on the base portion is extremely small, and the horizontal force is also reduced in proportion to the vertical force. Therefore, the grounding area of the foundation with respect to the ground can be reduced, and the depth of the foundation can be reduced, so that the structure of the foundation can be simplified.

As described above, since the burden on the foundation is reduced, a PC board placed on the ground after rolling the ground or a pile with its head exposed from the ground is employed as the structure of the foundation. I can do it. In this case, no bar arrangement work or formwork work is required, and labor can be reduced. Also, since it is not necessary to cast concrete, it is not necessary to consider the curing period, and the construction period can be shortened.

Even when the foundation is made of RC foundation slabs, the depth of embedding can be made shallow, so that a small amount of reinforcing work and formwork work is required, and labor is reduced. Can be done.

As described above, since there are few PCs and RCs in the foundation, it is easy to remove the concrete material when rebuilding, and the cost can be reduced, and the space truss can be disassembled and reused. Therefore, labor can be reduced.

Since the space truss placed on the foundation can be manufactured at the factory, the accuracy represented by the dimensional accuracy can be maintained at a high level, and the quality can be stabilized. I can do it.

Further, a PC board is placed on the ground after compacting the ground,
Alternatively, since a foundation slab can be installed, earthwork can be substantially eliminated. For this reason, root cutting work is unnecessary, laying work of crushed stones and compaction work are reduced, and labor can be reduced. In particular, no residual soil is generated due to the elimination of the root cutting work, and no additional soil is generated. For this reason, the labor involved in earthwork can be reduced, and costs can be reduced.

When constructing a space truss, the dimensions of the upper chord, lower chord and diagonal can be set as appropriate. For this reason, maintenance and replacement work of the seismic isolation device can be easily performed by setting a size that allows a person to pass through a region surrounded by the members.

Further, when installing equipment pipes such as water or gas under the floor, it is not necessary to form a hole in the foundation beam as in the prior art, and the degree of freedom in the position where the pipes and wiring are drawn in can be improved.

The lower truss material of the three-dimensional truss is one more than the upper chord material
Since the number of grids is reduced, it is possible to use immediately below the outer periphery of the building as a piping space. For this reason, even when the site is small and the distance between the building and the boundary of the adjacent land is small, it is possible to carry out the plumbing work and to lay the pipe.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a building structure according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a space truss.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a sandwich panel.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the space truss.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a building structure according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a building structure according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a building structure according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a space truss used for a building structure according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a building structure according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a first known example.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a second known example.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a third known example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ground 2 Base part 3 PC board 4 Space truss 4a Lower chord 4b Upper chord 4c Diagonal 4d Vertex 5 Building 6 Sandwich panel 7 Floor plate 8 Piping 9 Space 10 Foundation slab 11 Pile 12 Floor slab

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI E04B 2/56 633 E04B 2/56 633A 645 645B 645C 5/02 5/02 N

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A building structure in which a building is installed via a space truss on a base portion, wherein the space truss has a lower chord material less than one grid smaller than an upper chord material on the base portion. At least the corners are installed on the space truss and a panel construction method is used, in which a sandwich panel having a metal plate provided on both sides of a core material without using beams and columns is used as a load-bearing wall. A building structure characterized by the following: 2. The building structure according to claim 1, wherein the core material of the sandwich panel is a heat insulating material made of a resin foam, and the density of the heat insulating material is 20 to 60 kg per cubic meter. 3. The building structure according to claim 1, wherein the upper chord of the space truss also serves as a floor material of the building.