JPH11169191A - Modification of oil and fat - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for modifying oil and fat by reducing asymmetric triglyceride in a good efficiency from the oil and fat containing >=50 wt.% symmetric triglyceride. SOLUTION: This method for modifying oil and fat is to apply a lipase having a specificity to 1, 3 positions of triglycerides for the oil and fat containing >=50 wt.% symmetric triglycerides in which saturated fatty acid residues bond at 1, 3 positions and an unsaturated fatty acid residue bonds at 2 position, for reducing the amount of asymmetric triglycerides in which the saturated fatty acid residues bond at 1, 2 positions and an unsaturated fatty acid residue at 3-position.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for modifying fats and oils. More specifically, 50% by weight of symmetric triglyceride
The present invention relates to a method for reforming fats and oils by efficiently reducing asymmetric triglycerides from the fats and oils contained above.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Cocoa butter, which is a fat and oil of chocolate, has a saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid, stearic acid, etc.) at the 1,3-position and an unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) at the 2-position. Fats and oils containing symmetric triglycerides (POP, POS, SOS, etc.) as main components. As a substitute for this, the medium melting point of palm oil (PM
F) is used, which includes POP, which is a symmetric triglyceride, and P, which is an asymmetric triglyceride.
PO is also included (POP: PPO = 88: 12).
Here, it is known that the physical properties of chocolate deteriorate when PPO is contained, and methods for removing PPO have conventionally been proposed. As a conventional general method for removing PPO, PMF and a fatty acid (palmitic acid) are transesterified using a lipase having specificity at the 1,3-position as a catalyst to remove the fatty acid (palmitic acid) and then fractionate. A method of removing a high melting point portion and a low melting point portion in a process is known (a conceptual diagram of this reaction process is shown in FIG. 2). However, such a method has a problem that a defatty acid step is required, the production process is complicated, and the production time is relatively long.

[0003]

Means for Solving the Problems In view of such circumstances, the present inventors diligently studied a method for efficiently reducing asymmetric triglycerides from fats and oils mainly comprising symmetrical triglycerides to reform fats and oils. As a result, the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention relates to an oil or fat containing at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight of a symmetrical triglyceride having a saturated fatty acid residue at the 1,3-position and an unsaturated fatty acid residue at the 2-position, By reacting a lipase having specificity at the 3rd position, saturated fatty acid residues
This is a method for modifying fats and oils, characterized by reducing the amount of asymmetric triglyceride having an unsaturated fatty acid residue bonded to a position.

[0004]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The method for modifying fats and oils of the present invention is characterized in that a lipase having specificity at the 1,3-position of triglyceride is allowed to act on fats and oils mainly composed of POP to reduce the amount of PPO. A conceptual diagram of the reaction process is as shown in FIG. That is, the present invention relates to the use of 1,3 triglycerides.
By acting lipase with specificity at the position,
This is a modification method in which oleic acid at position 3 of PPO is transesterified with palmitic acid of POP, which is the main component, to convert PPO to PPP, thereby reducing asymmetric triglycerides. After the reaction, the final product is obtained by removing the high-melting point portion and the low-melting point portion by a fractionation step as usual.

The raw fats and oils used in the present invention are fats and oils containing at least 50% by weight of a symmetric triglyceride (mainly POP) having a saturated fatty acid residue at the 1,3-position and an unsaturated fatty acid residue at the 2-position, Palm oil, shea butter, monkey fat and the like can be used, but fats and oils derived from palm oil are effective,
In particular, the above-mentioned medium melting point (PMF) of palm oil is effective. The medium melting point of such palm oil usually contains about 60 to 80% by weight of symmetric triglyceride (mainly POP). In addition, symmetric triglyceride (mainly PO
The technology of the present invention can be applied to fats and oils having a content of P) of less than 50% by weight, but as the content of the symmetric triglyceride is smaller, the saturated fatty acid residue at the 1,2-position and the unsaturated fatty acid residue at the 3-position are less. The effect of reducing the amount of bound asymmetric triglyceride is low, and the content of symmetric triglyceride is 50% by weight.
The effect is small and the effectiveness is small when the fat is less than.

The lipase having specificity at the 1,3-position of the triglyceride used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but the immobilized lipase is industrially more advantageous.
Examples of such immobilized lipase include, for example, Tokikoku-653
In addition to the immobilized lipase described in JP-A-11, commercially available products include immobilized lipase (trade name, lipozyme IM) derived from Mucor Mihai manufactured by Novo.

The reaction method may be either a batch reaction type or a flow reaction type, but a flow reaction using a reactor filled with immobilized enzyme is industrially advantageous. The reaction conditions include a reaction temperature of 40 to 70 ° C. and a water content of the raw material triglyceride.
About 0.01 to 0.2% is appropriate.

[0008]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-2 In a jacketed column having a diameter of 2 cm and a length of 15 cm,
19 g of the lipase selectively immobilized at the 3-position (manufactured by Novo, trade name, Lipozyme IM) was charged. The temperature of the column was adjusted to 40 ° C, the medium melting point of palm adjusted to 0.05% water and 40 ° C (Iodine value
34) was passed at a rate of 2 g / min. After 4 hours, 433 g of the reaction-completed product was obtained. The glyceride composition of the finished product
It is shown in Table 1 together with the glyceride composition of MF. Next, 400 g of the reaction-completed product was charged into a crystallization tank equipped with a jacket, 1600 g of acetone was added thereto, and the mixture was heated to 40 ° C. and dissolved. While stirring, the temperature of the jacket water was cooled from 40 ° C to 18 ° C at a cooling rate of -0.2 ° C / min, and the temperature was held at that temperature for 2 hours. Thereafter, the crystal part was separated by filtration, and acetone in the filtrate was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 352 g of an ML part. Next, 280 g of the ML part was charged into a jacketed crystallization tank, and 1680 g of acetone was added thereto, followed by heating to 25 ° C. While stirring, the temperature of the jacket water was cooled from 25 ° C to 6 ° C at a cooling rate of -0.2 ° C / min, and held at that temperature for 2 hours. Thereafter, the liquid part was removed by filtration, the crystal part was heated and melted, and acetone was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 203 g of a fractionated product (M part). The M part was decolorized and deodorized by a conventional method to obtain a purified purified product (Example 1). Table 1 also shows the glyceride composition of the purified fractionated product. Separated and purified products (Example 2) were obtained in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that the medium melting point of palm (iodine value: 44) was used. The yield in the fractionation was 358 g in the ML part and 280 parts in the ML part per 400 g of the reaction-completed product.
M part was 165 g with respect to g. Table 1 also shows the glyceride composition of the purified fractionated product.

[0009]

[Table 1]

[0010] The fractionated purified product obtained as described above and PMF
Was used to prepare chocolate by a conventional method with the composition shown in Table 2, and its mouth-drying, snapping properties and heat resistance were evaluated on a three-point scale. Table 2 shows the results.

[0011]

[Table 2]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a reaction step of a method for reforming an oil or fat according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a reaction step in a conventional fat and oil reforming method.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A lipase having specificity at positions 1 and 3 of triglyceride in fats and oils containing 50% by weight or more of a symmetric triglyceride having a saturated fatty acid residue at the 1,3 position and an unsaturated fatty acid residue bonded at the 2 position. To reduce the amount of asymmetric triglycerides having saturated fatty acid residues at the 1- and 2-positions and unsaturated fatty acid residues at the 3-position. 2. The method for modifying fats and oils according to claim 1, further comprising a fractionation step after the lipase is acted on. 3. The method for modifying fats and oils according to claim 1, wherein the fats and oils containing 50% by weight or more of symmetrical triglycerides are fats and oils derived from palm oil.