JPH11168910A - Direct sowing of rice plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable precision hill seeding of a gel-coated rice seed by a sowing machine, promote the germination and growth of rice even on a flooded field, uniformize the germination in flooded state, keep a high germination percentage, reduce the number of seeds to be sowed, grow rice plant at an optimum density and get healthy rice plant. SOLUTION: A gel-coated rice seed 8' produced by coating a rice seed with a gelling agent is immersed in an oxygen-generation agent such as hydrogen peroxide solution to enrich the oxygen 12 around the seed in the gelling agent and force the germination. The seeds are subjected to precision hill seeding to a dried field or a paddy field by using a sowing tool such as a perforated plate or roll capable of surely holding one spherical seed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rice seedling capable of germinating and growing rice even when a rice field is flooded, so that a rice seeder can be surely seeded with a seeding machine to obtain healthy rice. For technology.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in rice cultivation work, seed rice is directly sown in a rice field, or seeded in advance on a nursery and seedling is grown to a certain extent before transplanting to the rice field. The former is a cultivation method such as direct sowing in a flooded water or a direct sowing in a dry field, and the latter is a method by transplant cultivation.

[0003]

The above-mentioned transplant cultivation is a method of sowing seeds in a nursery, raising the seeds, and transplanting the resulting seedlings into a rice field, which is most often performed. However, this method requires a great deal of labor (about half the labor of the whole rice cultivation) and time for raising seedlings and transplanting, and the resulting product is also expensive.

[0004] In addition, the direct sowing method is a method in which seed rice coated with calper as an oxygen enriching agent is directly sowed in a flooded rice field that has been scratched. In this method, skill is required because the calper coating needs to form a uniform layer on the seed surface, and the seed layer after calpar coating is fragile because the coat layer is easily peeled off, and it is not spherical, so precision spotting with a seeding machine It is impossible at present, and only sowing and row sowing are possible at present. The germination rate was also low. For this reason, there is no appropriate space, and the plant is densely planted, so that a disease easily occurs. In addition, it grows into an individual that tends to be lodged, with less rooting and poor rooting, and it is difficult to obtain healthy individuals,
As a result, rice sales are likely to decrease. Further, since the oxygen supply by the calper coating is effective only for a short time, the cover soil becomes shallow to prevent suffocation, which also causes lodging.

[0005] The dry rice direct sowing is a method in which seed rice is directly sown in a dry rice field with a sowing machine, and then germinated to be flooded. Even in this method, since the shape of the seed rice is not spherical, sowing by the seeding machine is a row sowing, and precise spot sowing is impossible. For this reason, even in direct sowing of dry fields, as in direct sowing of flooded water, it is likely to be densely planted, so that diseases are liable to occur and healthy individuals are hardly obtained. Further, the rice is likely to fall down, and as a result, the rice is likely to lose its revenue. In addition, if the rice fields become wet or flooded due to rain or the like after sowing, the seeds may be suffocated and the germination rate may be significantly reduced. Moreover, it is not possible to sow seeds that have been sprouted or sprouted by a machine.

[0006]

The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above. Next, means for solving the problem will be described. That is, rice gel-coated seeds coated with a gelling agent for rice seeds are immersed in an oxygen generating agent such as a hydrogen peroxide solution, and enriched with oxygen around the seeds in the gelling agent to germinate, dry rice or flooded. In the field, by performing precise spot sowing with a seeding machine that can reliably hold one spherical seed such as a perforated plate or a roll, germination is uniform even in a flooded state, a high germination rate is maintained, and The purpose of the present invention is to make it possible to save money, grow rice at an appropriate density, and obtain healthy rice.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, since seeds often differ in germination rate depending on the type of plant, pretreatment is usually performed to promote germination. As this pretreatment method, besides a method of immersing the seed in a solution of a germination accelerator, for example, gibberellic acid, a seed coat abrasion method, a high temperature treatment or a low temperature treatment method is appropriately selected and performed according to the properties of the seed.

On the other hand, an aqueous gelling agent is added to pure water in an amount of 2 to 10
The mixture is mixed to a concentration of 1% by weight, left for 1 to 2 hours to sufficiently absorb and swell, and then stirred to form a uniform fluid having a strong viscosity. The aqueous gelling agent used here is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance having such properties, and can be used in a wide range from natural gels, synthetic organic gels, inorganic gels and the like. For example, gels which can be safely used without affecting not only plants such as alkali salts of alginic acid, alkali salts of carboxymethyl cellulose, alkali salts of polyacrylic acid, carrageenan, gelatin and agar, but also the human body are preferable.

Next, in addition to nutrients (fertilizer) necessary for plant growth, such as potassium nitrate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate, the obtained aqueous gel needs well-known fungicides, insecticides, animal repellents and the like, if necessary. The amount is added to adjust the viscosity to an appropriate level for the processing in the next step. This chemical treatment can be performed by the following two methods. That is, the first method is a method in which a necessary amount of these agents is directly added to an aqueous gel for coating, and the second method is to enclose the agents in a bubble space between the seed and the coating gel or to pre-add the agent to the seed. This is a method of sealing after dressing.

Next, an apparatus for coating a seed using the aqueous gel will be briefly described. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the gel processing nozzle device. In FIG. 1, a gel housing chamber 2 for housing a coating agent (gelling agent) is provided inside a valve case 1,
The gel storage chamber 2 is connected to a gel tank via a check valve 6. A nozzle case 3 is attached to the side of the valve case 1, an insertion hole 3 a penetrating vertically is opened in the nozzle case 3, and a cylindrical nozzle plunger 4 is inserted into the insertion hole 3 a. A flange 4a is formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle plunger 4, the lower surface of which is a pressure receiving surface, and a spring is received on its upper surface to urge the nozzle plunger 4 downward. The lower end of the insertion hole 3a is closed as a part.

An insertion hole (not shown) is opened from the gel housing chamber 2 to the outer surface of the valve case 1, a pressurizing plunger is inserted into the insertion hole, and the gel in the gel housing chamber 2 is reciprocated by the pressurizing plunger. Are pressurized and decompressed. The space between the insertion hole 3a and the nozzle plunger 4 communicates with the gel containing chamber 2 via a communication hole 5.

In such a configuration, when the pressurizing plunger is caused to enter the gel storage chamber 2, the pressure in the gel storage chamber 2 is increased, and pressure is applied to the pressure receiving surface of the nozzle plunger 4 to raise the nozzle plunger 4. When the valve is opened and the gel flows downward, and the gel is discharged in a certain amount,
The nozzle plunger 4 is lowered by the spring force to close the valve portion. The opening at the lower end of the nozzle plunger 4 is closed by the remaining gel that has fallen, forming a gel film 7a. Then, when the pressurizing plunger is retracted, the pressures in the gel containing chamber 2 and the gel flow path are reduced, and the check valve 6
Opens and the gel is replenished from the gel tank.

In synchronization with this, the seeds 9 are supplied from above the nozzle plunger 4 and fall into the passage holes 4b provided in the axial center of the nozzle plunger 4, so that the seeds 9 are transferred to the gel film 7a. Placed on top. Then, when the pressurized plunger is entered, the gel that has flowed out wraps the seeds 9 and air bubbles and falls. At the time of the fall, the gel is spheroidized by surface tension, and the gel-coated seeds 8 fall into the hardening tank. The gel-coated seeds are obtained by being immersed in a hardening agent in the hardening tank for a certain period of time to be hardened and purified, thereby obtaining gel-coated seed. This operation is repeated to continuously obtain the gel-coated seeds 8.

In the second method, that is, when a drug such as a nutrient substance is enclosed between the seed and the coating gel,
What is necessary is just to carry out similarly to the above in the state where the chemical | medical agent is simultaneous with a seed or dressed on a seed.

In the present invention, the gel-coated seed 8 thus obtained is immersed in an oxygen generating agent such as aqueous hydrogen peroxide to enrich oxygen and germinate. This rice gel coated seed 8 '
As shown in FIG. 2, buds 10 and primary roots 11 grow several mm in gel 7 and germinate so that the outer membrane of rice gel-coated seed 8 'is not broken. The gel-coated seeds obtained in this manner are sufficiently supplied because oxygen necessary for germination is contained in the gel. Alternatively, one or a plurality of seeds can be sowed at intervals by a seeding machine such as a roll that can hold one grain reliably.

[Embodiment] Next, a specific embodiment will be described. For seeds of this example, using rice cultivar Hinohikari, transplant cultivation, direct sowing of dry rice seeds, and direct spot sowing of rice gel coated seeds with seeds coated with a gelling agent, Each yield and crop survey was conducted. Table 1 shows the results.

[0017]

[Table 1]

Next, Table 2 shows rice gel-coated seeds which were immersed in a 0.5% hydrogen peroxide solution for 10 minutes and germinated at 25 ° C. per day using one kind of rice, Nipponbare, Calper coated seeds and bare seeds averaged 17.8
FIG. 4 shows the transition of the germination rate when the seeds were sowed in a bat that was flooded in a growth chamber at ° C. FIG.

[0019]

[Table 2]

[Results] As shown in Table 1, the seed rice was coated spherically with a gelling agent and seeded at one or more points with a seeding machine, so that the number of seeded seeds was reduced, and the rice grew into a healthy rice which was hard to lodge.
The percentage and yield of paddy increased. In addition, the production cost was halved because the time required for raising seedlings was lower than in transplant cultivation. In the year of the test shown in Table 1, the weather was favorable and no individual fell down in any of the test plots. In an average yearly climate, the longer the stem length, the more lodges and the higher the possibility of not being able to harvest, the higher the effectiveness of direct sowing cultivation using gel-coated seeds with short stem lengths.

Further, as shown in Table 2, the rice gel-coated seeds were immersed in a hydrogen peroxide solution and germinated, whereby the germination was uniform even in the flooded state, and a high germination rate could be maintained.

As described above, the rice gel-coated seeds obtained by coating the seeds in a spherical shape with a gelling agent are immersed in an oxygen generating agent such as a hydrogen peroxide solution to enrich oxygen around the seeds in the gelling agent. By germinating and carrying out precise spot sowing in a dry field or a flooded field with a seeding machine such as a perforated plate or a roll, which can reliably hold one grain, germination is uniform even in a flooded state, and a high germination rate can be maintained. Rice is not prostrate, lodged or diseased, and each individual is well-lit, well-ventilated, well-rooted and healthy with many tillers.

[0023]

According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. In other words, the rice gel-coated seeds that have undergone oxygen enrichment treatment and germination, are evenly germinated, and have an increased germination rate are subjected to precise spot sowing by a sowing machine, so that the number of seeded grains can be reduced and rice can be grown at an appropriate density. And healthy rice can be obtained. In addition, yield reduction such as lodging can be prevented, rice with a high degree of quality can be harvested more than in the conventional method, and furthermore, it is possible to eliminate the trouble of raising seedlings such as transplantation cultivation and reduce production costs.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a gel processing nozzle device.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a germinated state of a rice gel-coated seed covered with a gel.

[Explanation of symbols]

 8 'rice gel coated seeds 12 oxygen

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a rice gel-coated seed obtained by coating a seed rice with a gelling agent, oxygen is enriched in the gelling agent, and the rice gel-coated seed obtained by coating the seed rice with the gelling agent is obtained at an optimum cultivation density. Direct sowing of rice in a rice field.