JPH11157971A - Composting of garbage and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for composting garbage efficiently and economically to convert the garbage to compost without its incineration so as to contribute to carbon dioxide emission reduction which has now be considered as a problem to be dealt with worldwide. SOLUTION: This method for composting garbage comprises the following process: garbage 17 is charged into a rotary steel drum 1 installed in a heating chamber 2 prepared in virtually airtight and thermally insulated conditions, and agitated while revolving the drum 1, and thereby the heated condition of the chamber 2 is maintained for a long time so as to ensure the inside of the drum 1 to be maintained at an appropriate temperature.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for composting garbage to be composted by heating and agitating garbage for business use at an appropriate high temperature to perform fermentation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Approximately 50% of general garbage in cities is garbage, and the entire amount of garbage is currently incinerated. However, since garbage contains a large amount of water, it is enormous to incinerate it. It requires a lot of fuel and requires huge processing costs. In addition, as a result of incineration, a large amount of carbon dioxide is released into the air, and reducing carbon dioxide is now a global issue.

[0003] Therefore, if this garbage is converted into compost instead of incinerated and returned to the field, chemical fertilizers are no longer necessary,
The fields become fertile land with the power of nature and the yield increases, so it can be said that it is exactly two birds with one stone. on the other hand,
Attempts to compost garbage have already been made in some parts, but it is still in the trial stage, and none of them has yet reached the stage of rapidly processing large amounts of garbage. .

[0004] That is, as a method of composting for a long time, garbage is put into a concrete tank having an appropriate width, a depth of 1 m to 2 m and a length of 100 m, and the garbage is stirred by a stirrer. There is a method of aging, but in this case, there is a problem that it takes about 25 days to compost.
Therefore, there is a method to agitate the garbage inside with a propeller while heating the container to put the garbage from the surroundings at an appropriate temperature, and to accelerate the maturation. It is known that it can be ripe in 6 to 12 hours at the fastest, but at present, a machine capable of processing 5 tons at a time is the limit.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-275828 discloses a method and an apparatus for composting an organic substance having a high water content.
In this case, the rotating blades for crushing and stirring the organic matter in the treatment tank are rotated by a vertical rotating shaft, and a thermal decomposition step for dehydrating and drying the organic matter having a high water content is performed. In addition, a heat source that maintains the temperature at 100 ° C. or more and 135 ° C. or less for 1 hour or more and 6 hours or less is required, and a large force is required for stirring the rotating blades, and a high-temperature heat source is required. It is not advisable to treat garbage efficiently and economically, and the amount of garbage to be treated is large, 2.5 tons.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is to heat garbage at a temperature of 60 ° C. to 70 ° C., at which fermentation of garbage is fastest with airborne bacteria without special fermentation bacteria, and by moderate stirring. Provided is a method and apparatus for efficiently and economically composting garbage, converting garbage into compost without incineration, and contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide, which is currently a problem worldwide.

[0007]

The method for composting garbage according to the present invention comprises introducing garbage into a rotary steel drum provided in a heating chamber formed in a substantially airtight and heat-insulated state. And agitate the garbage while rotating the steel drum,
The method consists of composting garbage by keeping the heating state of the heating chamber for a long time so that the inside of the steel drum is kept at an appropriate temperature.The device is formed in an almost air-tight and heat-insulated state, and the inside is heated. A steel drum having a carry-in / out port that can be opened and closed in a heating chamber having a means, and a device for composting the garbage provided with a means for stirring the garbage provided in the steel drum. .

[0008] Then, an open lid for putting in garbage is provided in the upper part of the heating chamber, and a slide lid for compost discharge is provided in the lower part. A steel pipe with a tapered inner wall squeezed outwardly from the center of each chamber partitioned laterally at appropriate intervals on steel drums and squeezed outward, and on the periphery of the center of each chamber. An apparatus for composting garbage by projecting a plurality of blades as means for stirring garbage on the inner surface of a steel drum, in which small holes of an appropriate size and number are provided.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of an apparatus for composting garbage using the method of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section of one embodiment of the apparatus. FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional side view of FIG.
First, the apparatus of this embodiment has a horizontally long cylindrical steel drum 1 having a diameter of 2 m and a length of 16 m into which the garbage 17 is charged. The time for keeping the temperature of the garbage 17 at about 60 ° C. to 70 ° C. to mature the garbage is about 6 hours to 12 hours, but the garbage 17 is put into the steel drum 1 in a process. Since it takes time to remove compost, it takes about 28 days a day.
Tons of processing capacity, which corresponds to a throughput of about 10,000 tons per year. In addition, if the number of apparatuses for composting the garbage is increased in accordance with the amount of the garbage 17, it is possible to cope with a large amount of the garbage.

Next, a method for composting the garbage using the apparatus for composting the garbage shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be specifically described. First, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a heating chamber 2 formed by combining a heat insulating material with concrete or steel.
To form a heating space 16 in a substantially airtight and heat-insulating state, and heat pipes 3 of appropriate diameter are attached at appropriate intervals to the inner wall, side walls and part of the ceiling of the heating chamber 2, The temperature in the heating space 16 is adjusted to be about 70 ° C. to about 80 ° C. by flowing steam or hot water or an incombustible liquid having an appropriate temperature in the direction of arrow P in FIG. I have. Next, the hollow steel drum 1 having an appropriate diameter and length, an appropriate thickness and an appropriate strength is provided inside the heating space 16 of the heating chamber 2, and the heating chamber 2 is heated.
The steel drum 1 is placed on a drum supporting rotary roller 4 provided at an appropriate position and number at the bottom of the drum so that its rotation axis is horizontal.

A partition 5 is provided at the center of the steel drum 1, and chambers are provided at appropriate intervals in the lateral direction, and tapered by being inclined toward the outside by a suitable length from the center of each chamber. The steel drum 1 provided with the inner wall 6 and the tapered inner wall 6
In the central part of the steel drum, holes of an appropriate size and number (not shown) are provided so that the inside of the steel drum 1 is in the same air state as the heating space 16 in the heating chamber 2 by these holes, and The waste liquid discharged from the garbage 17 put in 1 can be discharged to the waste liquid discharge groove 9 of FIG.

Next, stirring blades 7 having an appropriate size and height are protruded at appropriate intervals from the central portion of the inner periphery of the steel drum 1 and the inner periphery of the tapered inner wall 6, and as described above. Carry-in of the target object to a part of the central part of each room partitioned by partition 5
A carry-out port 8 is provided, and a slide-type lid 18 that can be opened and closed is provided there. As shown in FIG. 2, a gear 10 having an appropriate width is provided on the circumference of the central portion of the steel drum 1 and meshes with a rotating gear (not shown) from the outside thereof to rotate the steel drum 1 at an appropriate speed. The steel drum 1
The garbage 17 inside the garbage 17 is naturally stirred, and the stirring blades 7 serve as a means for positively stirring the garbage 17.

Next, the garbage 17 is introduced into the steel drum 1 by opening the garbage opening lid 12 provided above the heating chamber 2.
Is opened, and the loading / unloading port 8 of the steel drum 1 is stopped just below it, and the slide type lid 18 is opened, and the garbage slide 19 and the garbage input guide plate 20 in the garbage loading port 20 are opened from the transport vehicle 13. About 80% of the garbage 17 is introduced into the steel drum 1 via the garbage inlet 15.

By rotating the steel drum 1 in this state, the garbage 17 rotates while being agitated by the blades 7 in the tapered inner wall 6. At this time, the heating space 16 of the heating chamber 2 is heated by the heating pipe 3. By heating to about 70 ° C. to about 80 ° C., the temperature in the steel drum 1 is maintained at 60 ° C. to 70 ° C. About 6 hours to 12
By aging for a while, the raw garbage 17 is fully matured and composted by the bacteria in the air without adding any special fermenting bacteria.

At the bottom wall of the heating chamber 2 at a position just below the garbage inlet 15, a carry-out port 21 is provided, and a compost discharge slide lid 14 operable from outside the heating chamber 2 is provided there. The compost formed in the steel drum 1 is discharged from the carry-out port 21 through the guide sheet 22 onto the belt conveyor 11 and carried out. On the other hand, the waste liquid coming out of the garbage 17 in the steel drum 1 is separately led out from the waste liquid discharge groove 9 to an appropriate waste liquid treatment facility as described above.

Note that the entire facility can be completely covered with a house so that odors to the outside can be prevented.

[0017]

According to the method and apparatus for composting garbage according to the present invention described above, it is possible to cope with the operation of composting garbage in a large amount in a relatively short time. It can be effectively applied as a garbage disposal facility. That is, if the present invention can be applied to the treatment of a large amount of garbage, which is almost completely incinerated at present, and can be converted into composting, not only will enormous incineration costs be saved, but also carbon dioxide gas, which is currently a problem worldwide. It can greatly contribute to savings.

Furthermore, raw garbage is a natural product, and returning it to natural soil as compost is based on the principles of the ecosystem of the natural environment. At the same time, conversion from chemical fertilizer to organic fertilizer has been called for. Can meet the current demands.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front sectional view of an embodiment of an apparatus for composting garbage using the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional side view of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Steel drum 2 Heating chamber 3 Heating pipe 4 Drum support rotating roller 5 Partition 6 Tapered inner wall 7 Blade 8 Loading / unloading port 9 Open lid for garbage input 14 Sliding lid for compost discharge

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A garbage is charged into a rotary steel drum provided in a heating chamber formed in a substantially airtight and heat-insulated state, and the garbage is stirred while rotating the steel drum. A method of composting garbage by keeping the heating state of the heating chamber for a long time so that the inside of the steel drum is kept at an appropriate temperature. 2. A steel drum which is formed in a substantially airtight and heat-insulated state and has a carry-in / out port which can be opened and closed in a heating chamber having a heating means therein, and is provided in the steel drum. A device for composting garbage, provided with means for stirring the garbage that has been introduced. 3. An open lid for introducing garbage at an upper portion of the heating chamber, and a slide lid for discharging compost at a lower portion.
A device for composting the garbage described. 4. The apparatus for composting garbage according to claim 2, wherein the heating means provided inside the heating section comprises a heating pipe through which steam or liquid at an appropriate temperature is passed. 5. A steel drum is provided with tapered inner walls inclined laterally from the center of each chamber partitioned laterally at appropriate intervals and squeezed outward from the center of the chamber, and a suitable space is provided on the periphery of the center of each chamber. The apparatus for composting garbage according to claim 2, wherein small holes of a size and number are provided. 6. The apparatus for composting garbage according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of blades are protruded as means for stirring the garbage on the inner surface of the steel drum.