JPH11114543A - Treatment of waste containing organic matter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the method for treating the waste contg. org. matter by which even the waste contg. various materials is treated without sorting the materials and further at a low cost without polluting environment, and the resources are effectively reutilized. SOLUTION: The waste contg. org. matter is crushed and humidified in the pretreating stage A. The pretreated material is fermented while breeding earthworms in the fermentation stages B and C. The fermented material and the earthworms are separated in the separation stage D. The fermented material freed from earthworms is dried in the stage E, and the putrescence, plastics, metals, etc., are separated from the fermented material in the stage F.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for treating waste containing organic matter, for example, organic matter such as vegetable waste, metal such as empty cans, and plastic such as packaging materials.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Wastes discharged from ordinary households include miscellaneous items such as vegetable waste, metal empty cans, and plastics. Therefore, in general, these wastes are instructed by individuals to be separated or separated for each type and then discharged. As in this guidance, if the paper is separated and discharged for each type, the processing can be performed for each type, and the reuse can be easily performed for each type. However, in reality, the actual situation is that the waste is discharged in an insufficiently separated state due to individual differences.
If unsorted waste containing such miscellaneous substances can be easily separated at treatment plants, etc., there will be few problems, but vegetable waste, empty cans, plastics, etc. have different physical and chemical properties. Although separation seems easy, it is difficult to separate at low cost mechanically, and waste containing these miscellaneous substances is disposed of by landfill or incineration as is well known.

[0003]

As described above, waste containing organic matter is landfilled or incinerated. However, these conventional methods have many problems. For example,
The landfill method can be treated simply by dumping,
In terms of cost, this is an effective processing method. However, it is difficult to secure a dump site near the city, and the landfilled land is unsuitable for construction, and the use of the landfill is limited. on the other hand,
According to the incineration method, there is an advantage that a large amount of exhaust heat can be used, but there are also a problem of the cost of the incinerator, a problem of carbon dioxide generated in large quantities during incineration, and a problem of highly toxic dioxin. In addition, incineration is not a desirable treatment method from the viewpoint of effective use of resources.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating waste containing organic matter, which solves the above-mentioned conventional problems or drawbacks. Specifically, the present invention aims to provide a method for treating waste containing various substances. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating waste containing organic matter, which can be treated at low cost without polluting the environment, and the treated substance can be collected separately and effectively reused.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured to use earthworms for fermenting organic substances. That is, in order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 includes a pretreatment step of crushing and humidifying waste containing organic matter, and fermenting the treated substance treated in the pretreatment step. A fermentation step of fermenting while breeding bacteria and earthworms, an earthworm separation step of separating the fermentation product and the earthworm fermented in the fermentation step, and a drying step of drying the fermentation product from which the earthworms are separated by the earthworm separation step Process and
It comprises a separation step of separating the fermented product from the fermented product and other substances such as plastics and metals. Claim 2
The pre-treatment step according to claim 1 is such that the particle size, humidity, temperature and Ph degree of the waste containing organic matter are adjusted, and the invention according to claim 3 is according to claim The fermentation step according to 1 or 2 comprises a primary fermentation and a secondary fermentation. In the primary fermentation, fermentation is carried out mainly by fermentation bacteria in a sealed container. It is configured to ferment in the state of coexistence with earthworms.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. As shown schematically in FIG. 1, a treatment apparatus used for carrying out the treatment method according to the present embodiment includes a pretreatment apparatus A for giving fermentation conditions to waste, a pretreatment apparatus A, and a pretreatment apparatus. Primary and secondary fermentation devices B and C for fermenting the separated waste, an earthworm separation device D for separating earthworm from the fermented waste, and a drying device E for drying the waste from which the earthworm is separated. And a separating device F for separating the dried waste into fermented products or putrefactive materials and other substances.

[0007] As shown schematically in Fig. 2, the pretreatment device A comprises a crusher 1, a fermentation condition controller 4, and the like. The crusher 1 is provided with a conventionally known rotary cutter 2, and by rotating the cutter 2 with a motor 3, the waste supplied from the hopper H is crushed or crushed to a predetermined diameter suitable for fermentation, for example, 10 mm or less. It is supposed to be. By crushing in this way, waste can be transferred to fermentation tanks 15, 15,.
0, 30,... Are filled at a predetermined density and fermented effectively.

The fermentation condition controller 4 comprises a box 5, a Ph regulator for providing fermentation conditions to waste, a humidifier, a temperature controller, and a fermentation accelerator additive. FIG.
Although not shown, a stirring blade is appropriately provided inside the box 5, and the waste is stirred by the stirring blade. The humidifier is composed of a plurality of watering nozzles 6, 6, ..., facing the inside of the box 5, and a water supply pipe 8 having an on-off valve interposed is connected to these watering nozzles 6, 6, .... Water is sprinkled such that the humidity or water content of the waste, measured by the hygrometer 7, becomes 60 to 80%. The waste is generally often acidic, but it is desirable that the waste be neutral for the fermentation bacteria to grow. Therefore, P
The h regulator comprises a tank 11 filled with lime water and a plurality of nozzles 12, 12, for sprinkling the lime water.
… And the waste P measured by the Ph meter 13
h is adjusted to be a value of 5-8.

[0009] Examples of the fermentation promoter include commercially available Koran (trade name) and EM fungi. The apparatus for adding these fermentation promoters is not specifically shown in the figures. And a tank 14 with a measuring device, in which about 5% of the weight of the waste is added to the fermentation promoter. The temperature controller is for maintaining the initial temperature of the waste at 15 to 30 ° C. at which fermentative bacteria can easily propagate, and is constituted by a warm air blower 10. And
At the time of blowing hot air, the entire waste is uniformly heated to a predetermined temperature by rotating a stirring blade (not shown).

In the present embodiment, the fermentation of waste is composed of primary fermentation and secondary fermentation. And the fermentation apparatus B of primary fermentation is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the fermentation apparatus B for primary fermentation includes a plurality of closed primary fermenters 15, 15,...
In 15 and so on, the waste treated by the pretreatment device A is distributed and supplied from the chute 16 in the order of the fermentation treatment. Waste generates heat when fermented. Therefore, if the fermentation proceeds to a certain extent, the fermentation proceeds by its own fermentation heat. In order to increase the fermentation efficiency in the early stage of the fermentation, although not shown in FIG. 2, the primary fermentation tanks 15, 15,. A temperature controller or heater may be provided. By providing a temperature controller in the primary fermenters 15, 15,..., The temperature control can be omitted during the pretreatment step.

Aerobic bacteria are also involved in the fermentation of organic matter. Therefore, a gas permeable bottom plate 17 is provided on the bottom wall of the closed type primary fermentation tanks 15, 15,... An air supply pipe 20 in which an electromagnetic valve 19 is interposed is connected to the pressure chamber 18. Therefore, the primary fermenters 15, 15, during fermentation
.. Are supplied with air or oxygen by opening the electromagnetic valve 19 as necessary.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a single exhaust pipe 21 is provided for the primary fermenters 15, 15,... Therefore, the fan 2 of this exhaust pipe 21
By driving the device 2, the odor can be released to the atmosphere after being deodorized by the deodorizing device 23.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the secondary fermentation apparatus C. The secondary fermentation device C includes a plurality of fermentation trays 3
0, 30,... Fermentation tray 30, 3
A plurality of through holes are formed in the bottom 31 of 0,... In consideration of drainage and air permeability. Or it is composed of Mosquito Net. The size of the fermentation trays 30, 30,... Is not particularly limited, but for convenience of handling, in the present embodiment, for example, the width is 2.0 m, the length is 4.0 m, and the depth is 0.5 m. ing. As shown in FIG. 3, for example, it is placed at a predetermined interval in a basement 33 formed of a concrete wall 32 so as to be freely taken in and out of a plurality of steps. Also in this embodiment, the fermentation tray 3
Earthworms are bred in 0, 30, .... In addition, although not shown in FIG. 3, in order to adjust the breeding conditions of the earthworms and to complete the fermentation, the basement 33 is provided with a facility for adjusting humidity, temperature, and the like. Furthermore, exhaust equipment with a deodorizer is provided as needed.

By breeding earthworms in the secondary fermentation apparatus C, a deodorizing effect during fermentation is obtained, and fermentation of organic substances is promoted. As a result of promoting the fermentation of organic matter,
Separation of organic substances from non-fermented plastics, metals, etc. is also promoted.

An embodiment of the earthworm separating device D is shown in FIG. According to the present embodiment, the earthworm separation device D
Has a relatively shallow box 40. And the box 40
An openable / closable bottom plate 41 is provided at the bottom of the plurality of through holes 42 and a plurality of through holes 42, 4 at a predetermined interval from the open / close bottom plate 41.
An intermediate bottom plate 43 in which 2,... Are meshed is provided. The space between the intermediate bottom plate 43 and the open / close bottom plate 41 is an earthworm collection chamber 44. The size of the through holes 42, 42,... Of the intermediate bottom plate 43 is selected to be about 2 mm, and the earthworms put together with the fermented waste in the box 40 pass through these through holes 42, 42,. , And moves to the earthworm collection chamber 44 therebelow.

Earthworms, as is well known, dislike light rays. Therefore, a light irradiating device 45 is provided above the box 40 so that a light beam is irradiated on the waste. Alternatively, sunlight is radiated. As a result, the earthworm that dislikes the light beam moves downward in the waste without reaching the light beam, and moves from the through holes 42, 42,... To the earthworm collection chamber 44. When the earthworm moves downward in the waste as described above, the upper part can be scraped off with a scraper or the like, but the scraping device is not shown in the figure.

Since a conventionally known drying apparatus can be applied to the drying apparatus E, a specific example of the drying apparatus is not shown in the drawing. For example, the fermented waste can be put into a tray as shown in FIG. 3 and dried from below by blowing hot air to the extent that the plastic does not melt. It is also possible to supply the waste from one of the rotating drying drums and discharge it from the other, and to continuously dry the waste inside by heating from the outer peripheral portion of the drying drum. it can.

Since a conventionally known separation apparatus can be applied to the separation apparatus F for separating the dried waste into fermentation products or putrefactive substances and other substances, no specific example is given.
Putrefaction in dried waste, plastic,
Aluminum, iron, stones and the like have different specific gravities, and can be separated by a conventionally known vibrating sieve. Also,
It can be separated by a wind screen or by using vibration and wind power together. Further, the entire waste is uniformly crushed to about 10 mm by the pretreatment device A, but organic matter is naturally crushed during handling such as fermentation and drying.
Since it is different in size from non-crushed plastics, aluminum, iron, stones and the like, they can be separated by a conventionally known mesh sieve.

Next, a method for treating waste will be described. The waste temporarily stored in the hopper H is crushed to a predetermined size by the crusher 1 of the pretreatment device A. In addition, the Ph value, humidity, and temperature are adjusted by the fermentation condition controller 4, and a fermentation accelerator is added. And fermenter 15 for primary fermentation
Put in. Similarly, it is put into another fermentation tank 15. The electromagnetic valve 19 is opened to supply air as needed. This allows
Primary fermentation is performed.

The waste of the fermenter 15 after the primary fermentation is transferred to the fermentation trays 30, 30,... Of the secondary fermenter C. Wastes and the like that have been similarly pretreated are sequentially supplied to the empty fermenter 15. The fermentation trays 30, 30, ... of the secondary fermentation apparatus C
Is placed in a shelf in a basement 33 in which the humidity and temperature are controlled, so that fermentation is completed in a state where fermentation bacteria and earthworms coexist in the basement 33. The completed waste is transferred to the box 40 of the earthworm separation device D. Then, the light beam is irradiated from the light beam irradiation device 45 to the waste. Then, the earthworms scattered evenly in the waste move downward where light rays do not reach, and gather in the earthworm collection chamber 44. The collected earthworms are taken out by opening the openable bottom plate 41. Then, as described above, fermentation tray 3
0, 30,... Excess earthworms are transferred to a breeding tank and stored.

The fermented waste from which the earthworm has been separated is dried by a known method. Then, it is separated into fermented organic matter, plastic, metal and the like. The separated organic matter is used as a fertilizer or a soil conditioner. Also, plastics and metals are reused.

It is clear that the present invention can be implemented in various forms without being limited to the above embodiment. For example, it is clear that secondary fermentation can be performed in an aboveground fermenter. Further, the drying device E and the separation process F can be performed even if the installation order is changed. That is, it is also possible to separate a substance having a relatively large specific gravity, such as aluminum, iron, or stone, first, reduce the volume, and then dry the material. This can save energy. Furthermore, since earthworms dislike drying, it is possible to blow dry air, for example, hot air, instead of irradiating the earthworm separating device D with a light beam. Even if it is dried by blowing hot air, the waste is dried in the next step and is not wasted. When many earthworms are present in the separated waste, it is apparent that the operation can be carried out by providing a plurality of earthworm separation devices D in a cascade.

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention, earthworms are used for the fermentation treatment of waste containing organic matter, that is, since there is a fermentation step in which fermentation bacteria and earthworms are fermented while breeding them, waste is eliminated. Even if unfermented plastics or the like are contained in the material, the organic matter can be fermented efficiently with little generation of offensive odor. Therefore, according to the present invention, a large amount of waste can be treated in a short period of time in a small fermenter without polluting the environment. In addition, the fermented rot is used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner, and plastics are used as raw materials for each.
Earthworms can be reused for fermentation. Moreover, according to the present invention, since only a pretreatment step, an earthworm separation step, and a dry separation step are added to the fermentation step, the effect of low-cost treatment can be obtained. Further, according to another invention, the fermentation step includes a primary fermentation and a secondary fermentation, and since the secondary fermentation is configured to be fermented in an underground fermentation room, management of humidity, temperature, and the like of wastes is performed. The effect that can be easily performed is added.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a pretreatment device and a primary fermentation device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the secondary fermentation apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the earthworm separation device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List A Pretreatment device B Primary fermentation device C Secondary fermentation device D Earthworm separation device 1 Crusher 4 Fermentation condition controller 10 Hot air blower 15 Primary fermentation tank 30 Fermentation tray 33 Basement room (underground fermentation room) 45 Light irradiation device

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] November 21, 1997

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All figures

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG.

FIG. 2

FIG. 3

FIG. 4

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A pretreatment step of crushing and humidifying waste containing organic matter, and a fermentation step of fermenting the treated substance treated in the pretreatment step while breeding fermentative bacteria and earthworms. An earthworm separation step of separating the fermented product and earthworms fermented in the fermentation step, a drying step of drying the fermented product from which the earthworm has been separated by the earthworm separation step, a fermented product from the fermented product, plastic, A method for treating waste containing organic matter, comprising a separation step of separating other substances such as metals. 2. A method for treating waste containing organic matter, wherein the pretreatment step according to claim 1 controls the particle size, humidity, temperature and Ph degree of waste containing organic matter. 3. The fermentation step according to claim 1 or 2,
An organic material comprising primary fermentation and secondary fermentation, wherein the primary fermentation is mainly fermented by fermentation bacteria in a sealed container, and the secondary fermentation is fermented in a co-existing state of fermentation bacteria and earthworms in an underground fermentation chamber. Of waste containing garbage.