JPH11136912A - Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine

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Publication number
JPH11136912A
JPH11136912A JP9300956A JP30095697A JPH11136912A JP H11136912 A JPH11136912 A JP H11136912A JP 9300956 A JP9300956 A JP 9300956A JP 30095697 A JP30095697 A JP 30095697A JP H11136912 A JPH11136912 A JP H11136912A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
magnetic
electric machine
rotating electric
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP9300956A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3280896B2 (en
Inventor
Kazuto Sakai
和人 堺
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toshiba Corp filed Critical Toshiba Corp
Priority to JP30095697A priority Critical patent/JP3280896B2/en
Priority to US09/094,700 priority patent/US6087751A/en
Priority to EP98111068A priority patent/EP0889574B1/en
Priority to DE69808994T priority patent/DE69808994T2/en
Priority to CN98115558A priority patent/CN1078970C/en
Publication of JPH11136912A publication Critical patent/JPH11136912A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3280896B2 publication Critical patent/JP3280896B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine which is designed small-sized to provide high output to realize the operation in variable velocity in wider range. SOLUTION: This permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine repels magnetic flux entering from the area between the magnetic poles, because a permanent magnet 6 arranged in a cavity area 5 formed along the magnetic pole axis is magnetized almost in a direction orthogonal to the magnetic pole axis and moreover raises magnetic resistance in the permanent magnet direction, because the specific permeability of the permanent magnet is almost 1. Accordingly, the magnetic flux of an armature coil 2 is distributed so as not to almost pass through the area between the magnetic poles but to pass through the iron core of the magnetic poles. As a result, uneven area is generated in the gap magnetic flux distribution, and a large reluctance torque is generated by the change in magnetic energy.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、永久磁石式リラク
タンス型回転電機に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機は一
般に図１２に示すように、電機子コイル２を有する固定
子１と、突極回転子３とで構成されるもので、回転子３
に界磁を形成するコイルが不要であり、凹凸のある鉄心
４のみで構成できる点に特徴があり、それゆえに、永久
磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機は簡素な構造にして安価
に製造できる利点がある。2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 12, a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine generally comprises a stator 1 having an armature coil 2 and a salient pole rotor 3.
It is characterized in that a coil for forming a magnetic field is not required, and it can be constituted only by the iron core 4 having irregularities. Therefore, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine has an advantage that it can be manufactured simply and at a low cost. .

【０００３】この永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機の
出力の発生原理について説明する。回転子３に凹凸があ
ることにより、凸部で磁気抵抗が小となり、凹部で磁気
抵抗が大となる。すなわち、凸部と凹部上の空隙部分で
電機子コイル２に電流を流すことにより蓄えられる磁気
エネルギが異なる。この磁気エネルギの変化によって出
力が発生する。また凸部と凹部は物理幾何学的だけでな
く、磁気的にも凹凸を形成できる（磁気抵抗、磁束密度
分布が回転子３の位置により異なる）形状であればよ
い。[0003] The principle of output generation of this permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine will be described. Due to the unevenness of the rotor 3, the magnetic resistance is reduced at the convex portion and the magnetic resistance is increased at the concave portion. That is, the magnetic energy stored by flowing a current through the armature coil 2 is different between the gaps on the protrusions and the recesses. An output is generated by this change in magnetic energy. In addition, the protrusions and the recesses need only to have a shape (magnetic resistance and magnetic flux density distribution are different depending on the position of the rotor 3) that can form protrusions and recesses not only in physical geometry but also magnetically.

【０００４】他の高性能な回転電機として、永久磁石回
転電機がある。この場合、電機子は永久磁石式リラクタ
ンス型回転電機と同様であるが、回転子は鉄心と回転子
のほぼ全周にわたり永久磁石が配置されている。[0004] As another high-performance rotating electric machine, there is a permanent magnet rotating electric machine. In this case, the armature is the same as that of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine, but the rotor has a permanent magnet disposed substantially all around the iron core and the rotor.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、従来の回転
電機では、次のような問題点があった。図１２に示した
ような永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機は、回転子鉄
心４の表面の凹凸により回転位置に依存して磁気抵抗が
異なる。この変化により磁気エネルギが変化して出力が
得られる。しかし、電流が増加するのに伴って鉄心の凸
部分において局部的な磁気飽和が拡大する。これによ
り、磁極間となる歯の凹の部分に漏れる磁束が増加して
有効な磁束は減少し、出力は低下してしまう、あるい
は、鉄心歯の磁気飽和で生じる漏れ磁束により、空隙磁
束密度の変化が緩やかになり、磁気エネルギの変化が小
となる。このため、電流に対して出力の増加率が低下
し、やがて出力は飽和してしまう。However, the conventional rotating electric machine has the following problems. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine as shown in FIG. 12 has different magnetic resistance depending on the rotation position due to the unevenness of the surface of the rotor core 4. Due to this change, the magnetic energy changes and an output is obtained. However, as the current increases, the local magnetic saturation increases at the convex portion of the iron core. As a result, the magnetic flux leaking to the concave portion of the tooth between the magnetic poles increases and the effective magnetic flux decreases, and the output decreases, or the leakage magnetic flux generated by the magnetic saturation of the iron core teeth causes the air gap magnetic flux density to decrease. The change is gradual, and the change in magnetic energy is small. For this reason, the rate of increase in the output with respect to the current decreases, and the output eventually saturates.

【０００６】一方、他の方式の高出力の回転電機として
高磁気エネルギ積の希土類永久磁石を適用した永久磁石
電動機では、回転子鉄心の表面に永久磁石を配置してい
るので界磁に高エネルギの永久磁石を適用することによ
り、高磁界を電動機のエアギャップに形成できて小形、
高出力が可能となる。しかしながら、永久磁石の磁束は
一定であるので、高速回転時に電機子コイルに誘導され
る電圧は回転速度に比例して大きくなる。このため、高
速回転までの広範囲の可変速運転を行おうとしても、界
磁磁束を減らすことができないため、電源電圧を一定と
する基底速度の２倍以上の定出力運転は困難であった。On the other hand, in a permanent magnet motor in which a rare earth permanent magnet having a high magnetic energy product is applied as another type of high-output rotating electric machine, a permanent magnet is arranged on the surface of a rotor core, so that a high energy is applied to the field. By applying a permanent magnet, a high magnetic field can be formed in the air gap of the motor,
High output is possible. However, since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is constant, the voltage induced in the armature coil during high-speed rotation increases in proportion to the rotation speed. For this reason, even if an attempt is made to perform a variable speed operation over a wide range up to high-speed rotation, the field magnetic flux cannot be reduced.

【０００７】本発明はこのような従来の問題点に鑑みて
なされたもので、小形、高出力にして広範囲の可変速運
転が可能な永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機を提供す
ることを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and has as its object to provide a permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine which is small in size, has a high output, and can be operated at a variable speed over a wide range. .

【０００８】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】請求項１の発明は、電機
子コイルを有する固定子と、円筒形の回転子鉄心で成る
回転子とから成る永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機に
おいて、前記回転子鉄心が各磁極軸に沿った方向に形成
された長方形状の空洞部と、この空洞部に配置された永
久磁石とを備え、前記永久磁石が磁極間においてその磁
束が互いに加え合せになる方向に磁化されているもので
ある。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a permanent magnet type reluctance type electric rotating machine comprising a stator having an armature coil and a rotor comprising a cylindrical rotor core. The iron core includes a rectangular cavity formed in a direction along each magnetic pole axis, and a permanent magnet disposed in the cavity, and the permanent magnet is arranged in a direction in which magnetic fluxes are added to each other between the magnetic poles. It is magnetized.

【０００９】請求項１の発明の永久磁石式リラクタンス
型回転電機では、磁極軸に沿った空洞部に配置されてい
る永久磁石がほぼ磁極軸と直交する方向に磁化されてい
るので、磁極間の軸方向から侵入する電機子電流による
磁束を反発させ、さらにその比透磁率がほぼ１であるの
で永久磁石方向の磁気抵抗を高くするように作用する。
このため、電機子電流による磁束は磁極間をほとんど通
らずに磁極部の鉄心を通るように分布して空隙磁束分布
に凹凸ができ、磁気エネルギ変化によって大きなトルク
を発生する。なお、ここで磁気エネルギ積の高い希土類
永久磁石を使用することにより、磁極間で形成する電機
子電流の磁界よりも永久磁石の逆方向の磁界が強くする
ことができ、空隙磁束分布の凹凸をより急激なものにし
て出力をさらに増加することができるようになる。In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the first aspect of the present invention, the permanent magnet disposed in the cavity along the magnetic pole axis is magnetized in a direction substantially orthogonal to the magnetic pole axis. The magnetic flux due to the armature current entering from the axial direction is repelled, and since its relative permeability is substantially 1, it acts to increase the magnetic resistance in the permanent magnet direction.
For this reason, the magnetic flux due to the armature current is distributed so as to pass through the iron core of the magnetic pole part without passing between the magnetic poles, so that the air gap magnetic flux distribution has irregularities, and a large torque is generated by a change in magnetic energy. Here, by using a rare earth permanent magnet having a high magnetic energy product, the magnetic field in the opposite direction of the permanent magnet can be made stronger than the magnetic field of the armature current formed between the magnetic poles, and the unevenness of the air gap magnetic flux distribution can be reduced. The output can be further increased by making it steeper.

【００１０】また磁極軸に沿った空洞部に永久磁石を配
置したことによって、回転子の表面のほぼ全周に永久磁
石が設けられている従来の永久磁石回転電機よりも永久
磁石の表面積が狭くなり、永久磁石による鎖交磁束量も
少なくなっている。そして永久磁石による鎖交磁束に、
電機子電流（リラクタンスモータの励磁電流成分とトル
ク電流成分）による鎖交磁束が加わって端子電圧を誘導
する。そこで、この励磁電流成分を調整することによ
り、端子電圧を幅広く調整することができ、定電圧電源
で広範囲の可変速運転が可能となる。Further, the permanent magnet is disposed in the cavity along the magnetic pole axis, so that the surface area of the permanent magnet is smaller than that of a conventional permanent magnet rotating electric machine in which the permanent magnet is provided almost all around the surface of the rotor. Thus, the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux by the permanent magnet is also reduced. And to the linkage flux by the permanent magnet,
Linkage magnetic flux due to the armature current (excitation current component and torque current component of the reluctance motor) is added to induce a terminal voltage. Thus, by adjusting the exciting current component, the terminal voltage can be adjusted widely, and a wide range of variable speed operation can be performed with a constant voltage power supply.

【００１１】請求項２の発明は、電機子コイルを有する
固定子と、円筒形の回転子鉄心で成る回転子とから成る
永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記回転
子鉄心が各磁極軸に沿った方向に形成された長方形状の
第１の空洞部と、当該第１の空洞部が前記磁極間の内周
側でつながるような位置に形成された第２の空洞部と、
前記第１の空洞部に配置された永久磁石とを備え、前記
永久磁石が前記磁極間においてその磁束が互いに加え合
せになる方向に磁化されているものである。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a permanent magnet type reluctance type electric rotating machine comprising a stator having an armature coil and a rotor comprising a cylindrical rotor core, wherein the rotor core is provided on each magnetic pole axis. A first hollow portion having a rectangular shape formed in a direction along the second hollow portion formed at a position where the first hollow portion is connected on the inner peripheral side between the magnetic poles;
And a permanent magnet disposed in the first cavity, wherein the permanent magnet is magnetized in a direction in which magnetic fluxes are added to each other between the magnetic poles.

【００１２】請求項２の発明の永久磁石式リラクタンス
型回転電機では、請求項１の永久磁石式リラクタンス型
回転電機と同様に、磁極軸に沿った第１の空洞部に配置
されている永久磁石がほぼ磁極軸と直交する方向に磁化
されているので、磁極間の軸方向から侵入する電機子電
流による磁束を反発させる作用をし、またその比透磁率
がほぼ１であるので永久磁石方向の磁気抵抗を高くする
ようにも作用する。さらに、回転子鉄心の磁極間の内周
部に形成された第２の空洞部により、磁極間の軸方向の
磁気抵抗も高くなる。このため、電機子電流による磁束
は磁極間をほとんど通らずに磁極部の鉄心を通るように
分布して空隙磁束分布に凹凸ができ、磁気エネルギ変化
によって大きなトルクを発生する。なお、ここで磁気エ
ネルギ積の高い希土類永久磁石を使用することにより、
磁極間で形成する電機子電流の磁界よりも永久磁石の逆
方向の磁界が強くすることができ、空隙磁束分布の凹凸
をより急激なものにして出力をさらに増加することがで
きるようになる。In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the second aspect of the present invention, like the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine of the first aspect, the permanent magnet disposed in the first cavity along the magnetic pole axis. Is magnetized in a direction substantially perpendicular to the magnetic pole axis, and acts to repel magnetic flux due to the armature current entering from the axial direction between the magnetic poles. It also acts to increase the magnetic resistance. Furthermore, the second cavity formed in the inner peripheral portion between the magnetic poles of the rotor core also increases the axial reluctance between the magnetic poles. For this reason, the magnetic flux due to the armature current is distributed so as to pass through the iron core of the magnetic pole part without passing between the magnetic poles, so that the air gap magnetic flux distribution has irregularities, and a large torque is generated by a change in magnetic energy. Here, by using a rare earth permanent magnet with a high magnetic energy product,
The magnetic field in the reverse direction of the permanent magnet can be made stronger than the magnetic field of the armature current formed between the magnetic poles, and the unevenness of the air gap magnetic flux distribution can be made sharper to further increase the output.

【００１３】また広範囲の可変速運転特性については、
請求項１の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機と同様で
あり、定電圧電源で広範囲の可変速運転が可能である。[0013] Regarding a wide range of variable speed operation characteristics,
It is the same as the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the first aspect, and a wide range of variable speed operation is possible with a constant voltage power supply.

【００１４】請求項３の発明は、請求項２の永久磁石式
リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記第２の空洞部が
前記回転子鉄心の中心方向にその基部が位置し、当該回
転子鉄心の外周方向に広がる扇形状をしたものであり、
第２の空洞部を扇形状にしたことによってこの空洞部を
半径方向に深くすることができ、それだけ磁気抵抗を大
きくすることができ、トルクを大きくすることができ
る。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the second aspect, the base of the second cavity is located in the center direction of the rotor core, and the outer periphery of the rotor core is provided. It has a fan shape spreading in the direction,
By forming the second hollow portion into a fan shape, the hollow portion can be made deeper in the radial direction, and accordingly, the magnetic resistance can be increased and the torque can be increased.

【００１５】請求項４の発明は、請求項２の永久磁石式
リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記第２の空洞部が
長方形状をしたものであり、多極機では第１の空洞部が
多角形上に配置されるので、回転子鉄心のスペースを有
効に利用して半径方向の厚みを厚くすることができ、限
られた断面積の回転子鉄心内で有効に半径方向の磁気抵
抗を高くすることができる。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the second aspect, the second hollow portion has a rectangular shape, and in a multipolar machine, the first hollow portion has a polygonal shape. Since it is arranged on the upper side, the radial thickness can be increased by effectively utilizing the space of the rotor core, and the radial magnetic resistance can be effectively increased within the rotor core having a limited cross-sectional area. be able to.

【００１６】請求項５の発明は、請求項２〜４の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記第２の空洞
部に永久磁石を配置したものであり、磁極間内周側の第
２の空洞部に配置された永久磁石が磁極間の軸方向から
侵入しようとする電機子電流による磁束を反発すること
ができ、空隙磁束分布の凹凸をさらに大きくし、出力を
増加することができる。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the second to fourth aspects, a permanent magnet is disposed in the second cavity, and the second magnet on the inner peripheral side between the magnetic poles is provided. The permanent magnets disposed in the cavity can repel magnetic flux due to the armature current that tends to enter from the axial direction between the magnetic poles, thereby further increasing the unevenness of the air gap magnetic flux distribution and increasing the output.

【００１７】請求項６の発明は、請求項５の永久磁石式
リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記第１の空洞部に
配置された永久磁石が高磁気エネルギ積のもの、前記第
２の空洞部に配置された永久磁石が低磁気エネルギ積の
ものとしたものである。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the fifth aspect, the permanent magnet disposed in the first cavity has a high magnetic energy product, and the permanent magnet is disposed in the second cavity. The arranged permanent magnet has a low magnetic energy product.

【００１８】請求項６の発明の永久磁石式リラクタンス
型回転電機では、電機子反作用による減磁界は回転子外
周ほど強く分布するので、回転子の外周に近い磁極に沿
った第１の空洞部の永久磁石は減磁に対して強い高磁気
エネルギ積のものを使用することにより、空隙磁束分布
の凹凸をより急激なものにして出力を増加することがで
きる。In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the demagnetizing field due to the armature reaction is distributed more strongly on the outer periphery of the rotor, so that the first hollow portion along the magnetic pole near the outer periphery of the rotor is formed. By using a permanent magnet having a high magnetic energy product that is strong against demagnetization, the unevenness of the air gap magnetic flux distribution can be made sharper and the output can be increased.

【００１９】請求項７の発明は、請求項２〜６の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記第２の空洞
部が前記永久磁石との間にスペースを設けて配置された
ものであり、永久磁石の磁束の一部を回転子鉄心のスペ
ース部分を通して漏れさせ、永久磁石内の反磁界を小と
することができ、この結果、永久磁石のＢ−Ｈ特性であ
る減磁曲線上の動作点が高くなり（パーミアンス係数は
大となる）、温度、電機子反作用に対する耐減磁特性が
向上する。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the second to sixth aspects, the second cavity is provided with a space provided between the second cavity and the permanent magnet. A part of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is leaked through the space of the rotor core, and the demagnetizing field in the permanent magnet can be reduced. As a result, the operation on the demagnetization curve which is the BH characteristic of the permanent magnet is achieved. The point is increased (permeance coefficient is increased), and the demagnetization resistance to temperature and armature reaction is improved.

【００２０】請求項８の発明は、請求項２〜７の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記永久磁石が
その外側端部が前記回転子鉄心の外周よりも内側に位置
し、磁気空隙と当該永久磁石の外側端部との間に回転子
鉄心の一部が介在する配置にしたものであり、この磁気
空隙と当該永久磁石の外側端部との間に介在する回転子
鉄心部分を通して永久磁石の磁束の一部を漏れさせ、永
久磁石内の反磁界を小とすることができ、この結果、永
久磁石の減磁曲線上の動作点が高くなり（パーミアンス
係数は大となる）、温度、電機子反作用に対する耐減磁
特性が向上する。これと同時に、第１の空洞部の永久磁
石は回転子鉄心内に完全に埋め込まれ、回転子鉄心によ
って保持される構造となるので機械的強度が向上し、さ
らに、回転子鉄心が電磁鋼板の積層体で成る場合には、
この鉄心の電気抵抗が高くなり、高調波磁束により永久
磁石に分布する渦電流を低減することができる。According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to any of the second to seventh aspects, the outer end of the permanent magnet is located inside the outer periphery of the rotor core. A part of the rotor core is interposed between the outer end of the permanent magnet and the rotor core. Part of the magnetic flux of the magnet can be leaked, and the demagnetizing field in the permanent magnet can be reduced. As a result, the operating point on the demagnetization curve of the permanent magnet increases (the permeance coefficient increases), and the temperature increases. In addition, the demagnetization resistance against armature reaction is improved. At the same time, the permanent magnet in the first hollow portion is completely embedded in the rotor core and is structured to be held by the rotor core, so that the mechanical strength is improved. In the case of a laminate,
The electric resistance of the iron core is increased, and the eddy current distributed to the permanent magnet due to the harmonic magnetic flux can be reduced.

【００２１】請求項９の発明は、請求項２〜８の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記第１の空洞
部には前記永久磁石を配置せず、前記第２の空洞部のみ
に前記永久磁石を配置したものである。According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the second to eighth aspects, the permanent magnet is not disposed in the first cavity, and the permanent magnet is disposed only in the second cavity. This is one in which permanent magnets are arranged.

【００２２】請求項９の発明の永久磁石式リラクタンス
型回転電機では、磁極軸に沿った第１の空洞部には永久
磁石が存在していないので永久磁石の磁界はなく、高磁
気抵抗による作用のみが電機子磁束に影響を与える。す
なわち、電機子電流による磁極間軸方向の磁束が増える
ので空隙磁束密度の変化幅は小さくなり、出力が低下す
る。しかしながら、永久磁石の使用量が少なくできてコ
ストの低減が図れる。In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, there is no permanent magnet in the first cavity along the magnetic pole axis. Only affects the armature flux. That is, since the magnetic flux in the axial direction between the magnetic poles due to the armature current increases, the change width of the air gap magnetic flux density decreases, and the output decreases. However, the amount of the permanent magnet used can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

【００２３】また永久磁石が回転子鉄心の内深くに配置
されることになり、回転子鉄心内を漏れる磁束も多くな
り、永久磁石の反磁界は小となる。永久磁石の減磁曲線
であるＢ−Ｈ特性で考えると、漏れ磁束の磁路も並列に
増えるので動作点は高くなり、磁気的に安定して減磁に
強くなる。また電機子反作用による減磁界は回転子外周
ほど強く分布するので、回転子鉄心の内深くに永久磁石
が位置することにより、電機子反作用の影響が緩和され
る。これらにより、温度及び電機子反作用による永久磁
石の減磁が防止され、長期に安定した特性で使用できる
ことになる。Further, since the permanent magnet is disposed deep inside the rotor core, the magnetic flux leaking through the rotor core increases, and the demagnetizing field of the permanent magnet decreases. Considering the BH characteristic, which is a demagnetization curve of a permanent magnet, the magnetic path of the leakage magnetic flux increases in parallel, so that the operating point becomes higher, and the magnetic field becomes more stable and more resistant to demagnetization. Further, since the demagnetizing field due to the armature reaction is distributed more strongly on the outer periphery of the rotor, the influence of the armature reaction is reduced by locating the permanent magnet deep inside the rotor core. As a result, demagnetization of the permanent magnet due to temperature and armature reaction is prevented, so that the permanent magnet can be used with stable characteristics for a long time.

【００２４】請求項１０の発明は、請求項２〜９の永久
磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記第２の空
洞部に配置された永久磁石が前記回転子鉄心の半径方向
に磁化されたものであり、これによって磁極間内周側の
第２の空洞部の永久磁石は磁極間軸方向の成分の電機子
磁束の方向と逆の方向に磁化されていて、磁極間軸方向
の空隙磁束を小さくできる。さらに、磁気エネルギ積の
高い希土類永久磁石を使用すれば、磁極間の軸方向の空
隙磁界を電機子電流の磁界と逆の方向にでき、これらに
より、空隙磁束密度分布の変化、すなわち、磁気エネル
ギ変化は大きくなり、出力が向上する。According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine of the second to ninth aspects, the permanent magnet disposed in the second cavity is magnetized in a radial direction of the rotor core. Accordingly, the permanent magnet in the second cavity portion on the inner circumferential side between the magnetic poles is magnetized in the direction opposite to the direction of the armature magnetic flux of the component in the axial direction between the magnetic poles, and the gap magnetic flux in the axial direction between the magnetic poles is reduced. Can be smaller. Furthermore, if a rare earth permanent magnet having a high magnetic energy product is used, the air gap magnetic field between the magnetic poles can be made in a direction opposite to the magnetic field of the armature current, and these changes the air gap magnetic flux density distribution, that is, the magnetic energy. The change is greater and the output is improved.

【００２５】請求項１１の発明は、請求項１〜１０の永
久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記回転子
鉄心の磁極幅（磁極側面に配置した磁極に沿った第１の
空洞部で挟まれる回転子鉄心の幅）を磁極ピッチ幅（１
つの磁極中心から隣極の磁極中心までの距離）の０．３
〜０．５倍としたものであり、磁極幅の比率をこの範囲
に設定することによって、回転子位置に対する空隙磁束
密度分布の変化を効果的に大きくでき、高出力が得られ
る。According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the first to tenth aspects, the magnetic pole width of the rotor core is sandwiched by the first hollow portion along the magnetic pole arranged on the magnetic pole side surface. Rotor iron core width) to magnetic pole pitch width (1
Distance from the center of one magnetic pole to the center of the adjacent magnetic pole)
By setting the ratio of the magnetic pole width in this range, the change in the air gap magnetic flux density distribution with respect to the rotor position can be effectively increased, and a high output can be obtained.

【００２６】請求項１２の発明は、請求項１〜１１の永
久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記回転子
鉄心の各磁極の中央部にスリットを形成したものであ
り、このスリットにより磁極を横切る方向の磁気抵抗を
高くし、磁極間の軸方向の成分の電機子電流の磁束を低
減し、また、永久磁石の磁束は磁極スリットで遮られる
ので、磁極部ではスリットに沿った方向に分布して、空
隙を介して固定子鉄心を通り、永久磁石に戻る磁路を形
成する。According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the first to eleventh aspects, a slit is formed at the center of each magnetic pole of the rotor core, and the slit crosses the magnetic pole. The magnetic flux of the armature current of the axial component between the magnetic poles is reduced, and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is blocked by the magnetic pole slits. Thus, a magnetic path is formed through the stator core through the air gap and returning to the permanent magnet.

【００２７】請求項１３の発明は、請求項１〜１２の永
久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記回転子
鉄心を電磁鋼板の積層構造としたものであり、電磁鋼板
に穴の型抜き加工を行い、積層することによって回転子
鉄心の組立と空洞部の形成ができ、製造性が向上する。
また高調波磁界で鉄心表面に生じる渦電流を減少させる
ことができる。According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine of the first to twelfth aspects, the rotor core has a laminated structure of magnetic steel sheets. By performing and laminating, the rotor core can be assembled and the cavity can be formed, thereby improving the manufacturability.
Also, the eddy current generated on the iron core surface by the harmonic magnetic field can be reduced.

【００２８】請求項１４の発明は、請求項１〜１３の永
久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記回転子
鉄心の軸方向端部に磁性エンドリングが配置されたもの
である。According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the first to thirteenth aspects, a magnetic end ring is disposed at an axial end of the rotor core.

【００２９】請求項１５の発明は、請求項１４の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記回転子鉄心
の軸方向端面と前記磁性エンドリングとの間に空隙が形
成されたものである。According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet reluctance type rotating electric machine of the fourteenth aspect, a gap is formed between the axial end face of the rotor core and the magnetic end ring.

【００３０】請求項１４及び請求項１５の発明の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機では、電機子電流により、
回転子外周部の第２の空洞部に配置された永久磁石の磁
化方向と逆方向の電機子反作用磁界を与えたとき、この
永久磁石の磁束の一部は軸方向を通り、磁性エンドリン
グを通って回転子で閉じた磁路を形成する。すなわち、
効果的に漏れ磁束を生じさせることができ、電機子コイ
ルとの鎖交磁束量を調整できるので端子電圧を電機子電
流により容易に調整できる。そしてこの場合に、回転子
鉄心の端面と磁性エンドリングとの空隙長の調整によっ
て漏れ磁束と有効磁束との割合を調整することができ
る。In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the present invention, the armature current causes
When an armature reaction magnetic field in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet disposed in the second hollow portion of the rotor outer peripheral portion is applied, part of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet passes in the axial direction and passes through the magnetic end ring. Pass through the rotor to form a closed magnetic path. That is,
Leakage magnetic flux can be effectively generated, and the amount of magnetic flux linkage with the armature coil can be adjusted, so that the terminal voltage can be easily adjusted by the armature current. In this case, the ratio between the leakage magnetic flux and the effective magnetic flux can be adjusted by adjusting the gap length between the end face of the rotor core and the magnetic end ring.

【００３１】請求項１６の発明は、請求項２〜１５の永
久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記第１と
第２の空洞部のうち、前記永久磁石の配置されていない
空洞部に非磁性材が配置されたものであり、空洞部分を
構造物で充填することによって磁気特性を損なうことな
く、強度的に強くすることができる。According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance electric rotating machine according to any of the second to fifteenth aspects, a nonmagnetic material is provided in the first and second cavities where the permanent magnet is not disposed. The material is arranged, and the strength can be increased without impairing the magnetic characteristics by filling the hollow portion with the structure.

【００３２】請求項１７の発明は、請求項２〜１５の永
久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機において、前記第１と
第２の空洞部のうち、前記永久磁石の配置されていない
空洞部に導電性材が配置されたものであり、導電性材に
生じる渦電流によって回転電機の自己起動が可能とな
り、また高調波磁界による影響を導電性材に生じる渦電
流により抑制することができる。According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to any of the second to fifteenth aspects, a conductive portion is provided in the first and second hollow portions where the permanent magnet is not disposed. The rotating electric machine can be self-started by an eddy current generated in the conductive material, and the influence of the harmonic magnetic field can be suppressed by the eddy current generated in the conductive material.

【００３３】[0033]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を図に
基づいて詳説する。図１は本発明の第１の実施の形態の
永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機の回転子の半径方向
断面を示している。この第１の実施の形態の永久磁石式
リラクタンス型回転電機は、４極の電機子コイル２を備
えた固定子１と、円筒形の回転子鉄心４で成る回転子３
とから構成される。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a radial cross section of a rotor of a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the first embodiment has a stator 1 having a four-pole armature coil 2 and a rotor 3 comprising a cylindrical rotor core 4.
It is composed of

【００３４】本発明の特徴部分となる回転子３の構造は
次の通りである。回転子鉄心４は、円筒形状の軟鋼Ｓ４
５Ｃ、または積層した円形状の珪素鋼板などの磁性材で
構成されている。回転子鉄心４の各磁極軸に沿った方向
には、磁極幅の間隔をあけて長方形状の空洞部５が形成
されている。この実施の形態で４極電機子コイル２は４
つの磁極が十字状に配置されているので、空洞部５は各
磁極を両側から挟み込む位置に形成されることになる。The structure of the rotor 3 which is a feature of the present invention is as follows. The rotor core 4 is made of a cylindrical mild steel S4.
5C or a magnetic material such as a laminated circular silicon steel plate. In the direction along each magnetic pole axis of the rotor core 4, rectangular cavities 5 are formed at intervals of the magnetic pole width. In this embodiment, the four-pole armature coil 2 has four poles.
Since the two magnetic poles are arranged in a cross shape, the cavity 5 is formed at a position sandwiching each magnetic pole from both sides.

【００３５】空洞部５にはＮｄＦｅＢ系の永久磁石６が
挿入され、接着剤で固定されていて、磁極軸に沿った配
置となっている。この永久磁石６は磁極軸と直交する方
向に磁化されていて、磁極間において、磁極軸に沿った
永久磁石６が発生する磁束は互いに加え合せとなる方向
に配置されている。つまり、磁極部を中心として磁極の
両側面にある永久磁石６の関係は、磁化方向が同一であ
り、磁極と直角方向となる。また、磁極間を中心として
２つの永久磁石６を見たときの関係は、互いに磁化方向
は逆方向になるが、磁極間鉄心で周方向から半径方向に
分布して、互いに磁束が加え合せとなる配置である。An NdFeB-based permanent magnet 6 is inserted into the cavity 5 and is fixed with an adhesive, and is arranged along the magnetic pole axis. The permanent magnet 6 is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic pole axis, and the magnetic fluxes generated by the permanent magnet 6 along the magnetic pole axis are arranged in a direction in which the magnetic fluxes are added to each other between the magnetic poles. In other words, the relationship between the permanent magnets 6 on both sides of the magnetic pole with the magnetic pole as the center is such that the magnetization direction is the same and the direction perpendicular to the magnetic pole. When the two permanent magnets 6 are viewed from the center between the magnetic poles, the magnetization directions are opposite to each other, but are distributed from the circumferential direction to the radial direction in the core between the magnetic poles, and the magnetic flux is added to each other. Arrangement.

【００３６】磁極間において、磁極に沿って配置されて
いる空洞部５と鉄心４の内周側で連結するように扇形状
の空洞部７が４カ所形成されている。Four fan-shaped cavities 7 are formed between the magnetic poles so as to be connected to the cavities 5 arranged along the magnetic poles on the inner peripheral side of the iron core 4.

【００３７】図２は、本発明の第２の実施の形態の永久
磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機を示している。この第２
の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機は、
磁極軸に沿って形成された空洞部５の鉄心外側端部位置
を鉄心４の外周部よりも内側の位置までに止め、この空
洞部５に第１の実施の形態と同様の永久磁石６を配置し
た構造に特徴を有する。したがって、永久磁石６の外側
端部と回転子３の外周との間には鉄心４の一部が介在す
るスペースが存在することになる。なお、磁極に沿って
配置されている空洞部５と鉄心４の内周側で連結するよ
うに扇形状の空洞部７が形成されている点は第１の実施
の形態と同じである。FIG. 2 shows a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention. This second
The embodiment of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine,
The outer end of the core portion of the hollow portion 5 formed along the magnetic pole axis is stopped to a position inside the outer peripheral portion of the iron core 4, and the permanent magnet 6 similar to that of the first embodiment is placed in the hollow portion 5. It has a feature in the arranged structure. Therefore, there is a space between the outer end of the permanent magnet 6 and the outer periphery of the rotor 3 in which a part of the iron core 4 is interposed. Note that the fan-shaped cavity 7 is formed so as to be connected to the cavity 5 disposed along the magnetic pole on the inner peripheral side of the iron core 4 as in the first embodiment.

【００３８】図３は、本発明の第３の実施の形態の永久
磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機を示している。この第３
の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機は、
磁極に沿って配置されている空洞部５とその中の永久磁
石６とは第２の実施の形態と同じであるが、この空洞部
５と鉄心４の内周側で連結するように扇形状に形成され
た空洞部７は、空洞部５の内側端部との間に鉄心４の一
部が介在するスペースを開けて配置されている点が異な
る。FIG. 3 shows a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to a third embodiment of the present invention. This third
The embodiment of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine,
The hollow portion 5 disposed along the magnetic pole and the permanent magnet 6 therein are the same as in the second embodiment, but are shaped like a fan so that the hollow portion 5 and the inner periphery of the iron core 4 are connected. Is different from the first embodiment in that a space where a part of the iron core 4 is interposed between the cavity 7 and the inner end of the cavity 5 is provided.

【００３９】次に、これらの第１〜第３の実施の形態の
永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機の動作を、図４及び
図５により説明する。Next, the operation of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the first to third embodiments will be described with reference to FIGS.

【００４０】＜高トルク発生のメカニズム＞図４は電機
子電流による磁極軸に沿った方向の成分の磁束Ｂ１を示
しており、磁極部の回転子鉄心４を磁路とするために、
この方向の磁路では磁気抵抗がきわめて小であり、磁束
が流れやすい磁気的構成となっている。<Mechanism of High Torque Generation> FIG. 4 shows the magnetic flux B1 of the component along the magnetic pole axis due to the armature current. In order to use the rotor core 4 of the magnetic pole portion as a magnetic path,
The magnetic path in this direction has a very small magnetic resistance and has a magnetic configuration in which magnetic flux easily flows.

【００４１】図５は電機子電流による磁極間を中心とし
た軸に沿った方向の成分の磁束Ｂ２を示している。この
磁極間の磁束Ｂ２は磁極軸に沿って配置されている永久
磁石６と磁極間の内周側の空洞部７を横断する磁路を形
成するが、永久磁石６の比透磁率はほぼ１であるので、
永久磁石６と空洞部７の高磁気抵抗の作用で電機子電流
による磁束は低下する。FIG. 5 shows the magnetic flux B2 of the component along the axis about the center between the magnetic poles due to the armature current. The magnetic flux B2 between the magnetic poles forms a magnetic path traversing the permanent magnet 6 disposed along the magnetic pole axis and the cavity 7 on the inner peripheral side between the magnetic poles. So that
The magnetic flux due to the armature current decreases due to the high magnetic resistance of the permanent magnet 6 and the cavity 7.

【００４２】さらに、磁極軸に沿った空洞部５にある永
久磁石６は、ほぼ磁極軸と直交する方向に磁化されてお
り、永久磁石６の磁束Ｂ３は回転子３の磁極を横断し、
磁極間の鉄心から空隙を介して固定子１を通り、回転子
３の磁極間、永久磁石６に戻る磁路を形成する。この永
久磁石６の磁束Ｂ３は電機子電流による磁極間軸方向成
分の磁束Ｂ２と逆方向に分布して、磁極間から侵入する
電機子磁束を反発し、あるいは、磁極間上の空隙部にお
いては、永久磁石６の磁束Ｂ３により電機子電流が作る
空隙磁束密度が低下することになり、磁極上の空隙磁束
密度と比較して大きく変化することになる。すなわち、
回転子３の位置に対する空隙磁束密度の変化が大とな
り、磁気エネルギ変化が大となる。つまり、永久磁石に
より等価的な磁気抵抗が変化して高出力になると考える
ことができる。この結果、空隙磁束分布に凹凸ができて
磁気エネルギ変化により大きな出力が発生する。Further, the permanent magnet 6 in the cavity 5 along the magnetic pole axis is magnetized in a direction substantially orthogonal to the magnetic pole axis, and the magnetic flux B3 of the permanent magnet 6 traverses the magnetic pole of the rotor 3,
A magnetic path is formed from the iron core between the magnetic poles, passes through the stator 1 through the air gap, passes between the magnetic poles of the rotor 3, and returns to the permanent magnet 6. The magnetic flux B3 of the permanent magnet 6 is distributed in a direction opposite to the magnetic flux B2 of the axial component between the magnetic poles due to the armature current, and repels the armature magnetic flux penetrating from between the magnetic poles, or in a gap above the magnetic poles. In addition, the magnetic flux B3 of the permanent magnet 6 reduces the air gap magnetic flux density created by the armature current, which greatly changes as compared with the air gap magnetic flux density on the magnetic pole. That is,
The change in the air gap magnetic flux density with respect to the position of the rotor 3 becomes large, and the magnetic energy change becomes large. In other words, it can be considered that the equivalent magnetic resistance is changed by the permanent magnet to increase the output. As a result, unevenness is generated in the air gap magnetic flux distribution, and a large output is generated due to a change in magnetic energy.

【００４３】この作用は、永久磁石に低磁気エネルギ積
のフェライト磁石と、高磁気エネルギ積のＮｄＦｅＢ磁
石を使用した場合の空隙磁束密度分布の変化で具体的に
確認できる。以下に、実験データに基づき説明する。磁
極軸の方向の成分Ｂ１の空隙磁束密度は、フェライト磁
石とＮｄＦｅｂ磁石のいずれを使用しても、ほぼ同一の
０．７〜０．８［Ｔ］である。一方、磁極間軸方向の成
分Ｂ２の空隙磁束密度は、フェライト磁石の場合は０．
１［Ｔ］まで低下することができ、ＮｄＦｅＢ磁石では
−０．３［Ｔ］（逆極性）まで大きく変化する。つま
り、ＮｄＦｅＢ磁石は電機子電流の磁界と逆の磁界を形
成しており、回転子位置に対する空隙磁束分布の変化が
きわめて大きくなることが分かる。This effect can be concretely confirmed by a change in air gap magnetic flux density distribution when a ferrite magnet having a low magnetic energy product and a NdFeB magnet having a high magnetic energy product are used as permanent magnets. The following is a description based on experimental data. The air gap magnetic flux density of the component B1 in the direction of the magnetic pole axis is substantially the same, 0.7 to 0.8 [T], regardless of whether the ferrite magnet or the NdFeb magnet is used. On the other hand, the air gap magnetic flux density of the component B2 in the axial direction between the magnetic poles is 0.1 mm in the case of a ferrite magnet.
It can be reduced to 1 [T], and greatly changes to -0.3 [T] (reverse polarity) for the NdFeB magnet. That is, it can be seen that the NdFeB magnet forms a magnetic field opposite to the magnetic field of the armature current, and the change in the air gap magnetic flux distribution with respect to the rotor position is extremely large.

【００４４】＜広範囲の可変速運転が得られる端子電圧
の調整幅＞上記の各実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタン
ス型回転電機では、磁極軸に沿った空洞部５にのみ永久
磁石６を配置しているので、回転子３の表面に永久磁石
が貼付けられている従来の永久磁石回転電機よりも永久
磁石の表面積が狭くなり、永久磁石による鎖交磁束量も
少なくなっている。この永久磁石６による鎖交磁束に、
電機子電流（リラクタンスモータの励磁電流成分とトル
ク電流成分）による鎖交磁束が加わって端子電圧を誘導
する。そこで、この励磁電流成分を調整することによっ
て端子電圧を幅広く調整することができる。すなわち、
定電圧電源で広範囲の可変速運転が可能となるのであ
る。<Adjustment Range of Terminal Voltage to Provide Wide Range Variable Speed Operation> In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine of each of the above embodiments, the permanent magnets 6 are arranged only in the cavity 5 along the magnetic pole axis. Therefore, the surface area of the permanent magnet is smaller than that of the conventional permanent magnet rotating electric machine in which the permanent magnet is attached to the surface of the rotor 3, and the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux by the permanent magnet is also reduced. The linkage magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 6
Linkage magnetic flux due to the armature current (excitation current component and torque current component of the reluctance motor) is added to induce a terminal voltage. Therefore, the terminal voltage can be adjusted widely by adjusting the exciting current component. That is,
A wide range of variable speed operation is possible with a constant voltage power supply.

【００４５】さらに、図２に示した第２の実施の形態の
ように永久磁石６の外側端部と回転子３の外周との間に
は鉄心４の一部が介在するスペースが存在する構造にし
た場合、永久磁石６を回転子鉄心４の内部に埋め込む形
となり、回転子鉄心４が永久磁石６の保持機構となり、
機械的強度を向上させる。Further, as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, there is a structure in which a space in which a part of the iron core 4 is interposed exists between the outer end of the permanent magnet 6 and the outer periphery of the rotor 3. In this case, the permanent magnet 6 is embedded in the rotor core 4, and the rotor core 4 serves as a holding mechanism for the permanent magnet 6,
Improve mechanical strength.

【００４６】さらに図３に示した第３の実施の形態のよ
うに永久磁石６の外側端部にも内側端部にも回転子鉄心
４の一部分が介在するスペースを設ける構造にすること
によって、永久磁石６の磁束Ｂ３の一部がスペース部分
で回転子鉄心４を通って漏れ出すため、永久磁石６内の
反磁界を小とすることができる。すなわち、永久磁石６
の減磁曲線上の動作点が高くなり（パーミアンス係数は
大となる）、温度、電機子反作用に対する耐減磁特性が
向上する。Further, as in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3, by providing a structure in which a space where a part of the rotor core 4 is interposed is provided at both the outer end and the inner end of the permanent magnet 6. Since a part of the magnetic flux B3 of the permanent magnet 6 leaks through the rotor core 4 in the space, the demagnetizing field in the permanent magnet 6 can be reduced. That is, the permanent magnet 6
The operating point on the demagnetization curve becomes higher (permeance coefficient becomes larger), and the demagnetization resistance against temperature and armature reaction is improved.

【００４７】次に、本発明の第４の実施の形態の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機を、図６に基づいて説明す
る。第４の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転
電機は、図１に示した第１の実施の形態〜図３に示した
第３の実施の形態それぞれの永久磁石式リラクタンス型
回転電機の回転子３の構造として、回転子鉄心４におけ
る磁極間の内周側の空洞部７を扇形状ではなく、長方形
状に変更した点に特徴がある。Next, a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The permanent-magnet-type reluctance-type rotating electric machine according to the fourth embodiment includes a rotation of the permanent-magnet-type reluctance-type rotating electric machine according to each of the first to third embodiments shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. The structure of the rotor 3 is characterized in that the cavity 7 on the inner peripheral side between the magnetic poles in the rotor core 4 is changed to a rectangular shape instead of a fan shape.

【００４８】多極機では磁極軸に沿った空洞部５は回転
子鉄心４内で多角形上に配置されるので、回転子３のス
ペースを有効に利用できる。そこで、空洞部７の形状を
長方形状とすることにより、その半径方向の厚みを厚く
することができ、限られた断面積の回転子鉄心４内で有
効に半径方向の磁気抵抗を高くすることができるように
なる。In the multi-pole machine, the cavity 5 along the magnetic pole axis is arranged on the polygon in the rotor core 4, so that the space of the rotor 3 can be effectively used. Therefore, by making the shape of the cavity 7 rectangular, the thickness in the radial direction can be increased, and the magnetic resistance in the radial direction can be effectively increased in the rotor core 4 having a limited cross-sectional area. Will be able to

【００４９】次に、本発明の第５の実施の形態の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機を、図７に基づいて説明す
る。第５の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転
電機は、図６に示した第４の実施の形態に対して、回転
子鉄心４における磁極間の内周側の長方形状の空洞部７
に永久磁石８を配置した点に特徴がある。この永久磁石
８は電機子電流による磁極間軸方向成分の磁界と逆の半
径方向に磁化された配置とする。Next, a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the fifth embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 in that a rectangular cavity 7 on the inner peripheral side between the magnetic poles in the rotor core 4 is provided.
The feature is that the permanent magnet 8 is arranged in the first embodiment. The permanent magnet 8 is arranged to be magnetized in the radial direction opposite to the magnetic field of the axial component between the magnetic poles caused by the armature current.

【００５０】この第５の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラク
タンス型回転電機では、磁極間の内周側の空洞部７内の
永久磁石８が電機子電流による磁極間軸方向成分の磁界
と逆の半径方向に磁化されているので、磁極間軸方向の
空隙磁束を小さくでき、さらに、磁気エネルギ積の高い
希土類永久磁石をこれに使用するならば、磁極間の軸方
向の空隙磁界を電機子電流による磁界と逆の方向にで
き、回転子３の位置に対する空隙磁束密度分布の変化を
大きくすることができる。これにより、空隙磁束密度分
布の変化、すなわち、磁気エネルギ変化が大となり、出
力が向上する。あるいは、永久磁石８が磁極間軸から侵
入しようとする電機子電流による磁束を反発するので、
さらに空隙磁束分布の凹凸を大きくし、出力が増加する
と考えることもできる。In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the fifth embodiment, the permanent magnet 8 in the cavity 7 on the inner peripheral side between the magnetic poles has the opposite magnetic field to the axial component between the magnetic poles due to the armature current. Since it is magnetized in the radial direction, the air gap magnetic flux in the axial direction between the magnetic poles can be reduced, and if a rare earth permanent magnet with a high magnetic energy product is used for this, the axial magnetic field in the axial direction between the magnetic poles is reduced by the armature current. In the direction opposite to the direction of the magnetic field, and the change in the air gap magnetic flux density distribution with respect to the position of the rotor 3 can be increased. As a result, a change in the air gap magnetic flux density distribution, that is, a change in magnetic energy is increased, and the output is improved. Alternatively, since the permanent magnet 8 repels the magnetic flux due to the armature current trying to intrude from the shaft between the magnetic poles,
Further, it can be considered that the unevenness of the air gap magnetic flux distribution is increased to increase the output.

【００５１】なお、図１〜図３に示したような、回転子
鉄心４における磁極間の内周側に形成された扇形状の空
洞部７に対しても永久磁石８を配置することができ、同
様の効果を期待することができる。The permanent magnet 8 can also be arranged in the fan-shaped cavity 7 formed on the inner peripheral side between the magnetic poles in the rotor core 4 as shown in FIGS. The same effect can be expected.

【００５２】また回転子鉄心４の磁極軸に沿った方向の
空洞部５の永久磁石６には高磁気エネルギ積の希土類永
久磁石、例えば、ＮｄＦｅＢ磁石を使用し、磁極間内周
側の空洞部７の永久磁石８に低磁気エネルギ積の永久磁
石、例えば、フェライト磁石を使用することができる。
これにより、電機子反作用による減磁界は回転子外周ほ
ど強く分布するものであり、回転子３の外周に近い磁極
に沿った空洞部５の永久磁石６は高磁気エネルギ積の希
土類永久磁石であるので減磁に対して強くなり、長期に
安定した特性を維持することができるようになる。As the permanent magnet 6 of the cavity 5 in the direction along the magnetic pole axis of the rotor core 4, a rare earth permanent magnet having a high magnetic energy product, for example, an NdFeB magnet is used. A permanent magnet having a low magnetic energy product, for example, a ferrite magnet can be used as the permanent magnet 8 of FIG.
As a result, the demagnetizing field due to the armature reaction is distributed more strongly on the outer periphery of the rotor, and the permanent magnet 6 in the cavity 5 along the magnetic pole near the outer periphery of the rotor 3 is a rare earth permanent magnet having a high magnetic energy product. Therefore, it becomes strong against demagnetization and can maintain stable characteristics for a long time.

【００５３】次に、本発明の第６の実施の形態の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機を、図８に基づいて説明す
る。第６に実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転
電機は、回転子３の回転子鉄心４に対して、図６の第４
の実施の形態、図７の第５の実施の形態と同様の配置で
空洞部５，７を形成し、かつ、磁極間の内周側の空洞部
７のみに永久磁石８を配置し、磁極軸に沿った空洞部５
には永久磁石を配置しない構造とした点に特徴がある。Next, a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Sixth Embodiment A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the sixth embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment of FIG.
In this embodiment, the cavities 5 and 7 are formed in the same arrangement as in the fifth embodiment in FIG. 7, and the permanent magnets 8 are disposed only in the inner cavities 7 between the magnetic poles. Cavity 5 along the axis
Is characterized by a structure in which no permanent magnet is arranged.

【００５４】この第６の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラク
タンス型回転電機では、磁極軸に沿った空洞部５には永
久磁石が存在しないために、図５に示したように永久磁
石による磁束Ｂ３が形成する磁界はなくなり、空洞部５
の高磁気抵抗による作用のみが電機子磁束に影響を与え
ることになる。このため、電機子電流による磁極軸方向
の磁束Ｂ２が増えるので、空隙磁束密度の変化幅は小さ
くなり、出力は低下することになる。しかしながら、回
転電機に使用する永久磁石の量が少なく（例えば、約１
／２以下に）抑えられることになり、コストの低減が図
れる。In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the sixth embodiment, since no permanent magnet is present in the cavity 5 along the magnetic pole axis, the magnetic flux B3 due to the permanent magnet as shown in FIG. Is no longer formed, and the cavity 5
Only the action by the high magnetic resistance affects the armature magnetic flux. For this reason, the magnetic flux B2 in the magnetic pole axis direction due to the armature current increases, so that the change width of the air gap magnetic flux density decreases, and the output decreases. However, the amount of permanent magnets used in the rotating electric machine is small (for example, about 1
/ 2 or less), and the cost can be reduced.

【００５５】また永久磁石８が回転子鉄心４の内深くに
存在することになるので、回転子鉄心４内を漏れる磁束
も多くなり、永久磁石８の反磁界が小となる。減磁曲線
のＢ−Ｈ特性で考えると、漏れ磁束の磁路も並列に増え
るので動作点は高くなり、磁気的に安定して減磁に強く
なる。加えて、電機子反作用による減磁界は回転子外周
ほど強く分布するので、回転子鉄心４の内深くに永久磁
石８が存在する場合には、電機子反作用の影響を緩和す
ることができる。これにより、温度及び電機子反作用に
よる永久磁石の減磁を防止して、長期にわたり安定した
特性が得られることになる。Further, since the permanent magnet 8 exists deep inside the rotor core 4, the magnetic flux leaking through the rotor core 4 increases, and the demagnetizing field of the permanent magnet 8 decreases. Considering the BH characteristic of the demagnetization curve, the magnetic flux path of the leakage magnetic flux increases in parallel, so that the operating point becomes higher, and the magnetic field becomes more stable and more resistant to demagnetization. In addition, since the demagnetizing field due to the armature reaction is more strongly distributed toward the outer periphery of the rotor, when the permanent magnet 8 exists deep inside the rotor core 4, the influence of the armature reaction can be reduced. As a result, demagnetization of the permanent magnet due to temperature and armature reaction is prevented, and stable characteristics are obtained over a long period of time.

【００５６】なお、上記の場合、長方形状の空洞部７に
対して永久磁石８を配置したが、図１〜図３に示したよ
うな扇形状の空洞部７に対してのみ永久磁石８を配置し
た構造とすることも可能である。In the above case, the permanent magnets 8 are arranged in the rectangular cavity 7, but the permanent magnets 8 are arranged only in the fan-shaped cavity 7 as shown in FIGS. It is also possible to have a structure in which they are arranged.

【００５７】次に、本発明の第７の実施の形態の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機を、図９に基づいて説明す
る。この第７の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタンス型
回転電機の特徴は、図３に示した第３の実施の形態の回
転子３の回転子鉄心４に対して、さらに磁極の鉄心中央
部にスリット状の半径方向に細長い空洞部９を設けた点
にある。Next, a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine of the seventh embodiment is that the rotor core 4 of the rotor 3 of the third embodiment shown in FIG. The point is that a slit-shaped radially elongated hollow portion 9 is provided.

【００５８】このスリット状の空洞部９により、磁極を
横切る方向の磁気抵抗が高くなるので、電機子電流によ
る磁極間の軸方向の成分の磁束が低減する。また、磁極
軸に沿った空洞部５の永久磁石６の磁束は磁極のスリッ
ト状の空洞部９で遮られるので、永久磁石６の磁束Ｂ４
は磁極部では空洞部９に沿った方向に分布し、空隙を介
して固定子鉄心を通り、永久磁石６に戻る磁路を形成す
る。Since the magnetic resistance in the direction crossing the magnetic poles is increased by the slit-shaped hollow portion 9, the magnetic flux of the axial component between the magnetic poles due to the armature current is reduced. Further, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 6 in the cavity 5 along the magnetic pole axis is blocked by the slit-shaped cavity 9 of the magnetic pole.
The magnetic poles are distributed in the direction along the hollow portion 9 at the magnetic pole portion, form a magnetic path returning to the permanent magnet 6 through the stator core through the air gap.

【００５９】上記のスリット状の空洞部９は、図１、図
２に示した永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機において
も形成することができ、また図６、図７に示した永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機においても等しく形成する
ことができるものである。The above-mentioned slit-shaped hollow portion 9 can be formed also in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and can be formed in the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine shown in FIGS. It can be formed equally in a rotating electric machine.

【００６０】なお、上記の各実施の形態の永久磁石式リ
ラクタンス型回転電機において、磁極ピッチ（１つの磁
極中心から隣極の磁極中心までの距離）に対する回転子
鉄心４の磁極幅（磁極軸方向において、磁極側面に配置
した磁極に沿った２つの空洞部５で挟まれる回転子鉄心
の幅）の比を０．３〜０．５倍とすることにより、回転
子位置に対する空隙磁束密度分布の変化を効果的に大き
くでき、高出力の回転電機を実現することができる。In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of each of the above-described embodiments, the magnetic pole width (the distance from the center of one magnetic pole to the center of the adjacent pole) with respect to the magnetic pole width (magnetic pole axis direction) with respect to the magnetic pole pitch. In the above, the ratio of the air gap magnetic flux density distribution to the rotor position is set to 0.3 to 0.5 times the ratio of the width of the rotor core sandwiched between the two hollow portions 5 along the magnetic poles arranged on the magnetic pole side surfaces. The change can be effectively increased, and a high-output rotating electric machine can be realized.

【００６１】また、例えば、珪素鋼板のような電磁鋼板
を積層してかかる回転子鉄心４を構成する場合には、回
転子３の空洞部５，７（場合によっては空洞部９）の穴
を型抜きで加工することができるので製造性が良くな
る。また積層方向の電気抵抗が高くなるので、高調波磁
界で鉄心表面に生じる渦電流を減少させることができ、
同時に、高調波磁束により永久磁石に分布する渦電流も
低減することができる。For example, when the rotor core 4 is formed by laminating electromagnetic steel sheets such as silicon steel sheets, holes of the hollow portions 5 and 7 (in some cases, the hollow portion 9) of the rotor 3 are formed. The workability can be improved because the work can be performed without the mold. Also, since the electrical resistance in the stacking direction increases, eddy currents generated on the iron core surface by the harmonic magnetic field can be reduced,
At the same time, the eddy current distributed to the permanent magnet due to the harmonic magnetic flux can be reduced.

【００６２】さらに、上記の各実施の形態にあって、空
洞部５，７（場合によっては空洞部９）のうち、永久磁
石が配置されていない空洞部に対しては非磁性材を充填
しておくことにより、空洞部が中実となって強度補強が
できる。また永久磁石の配置されていない空洞部に導電
性の非磁性材を充填しておくことにより、導電物に生じ
る渦電流によって回転電機の自己始動が可能となり、ま
た高調波磁界による影響を導電物に生じる渦電流によっ
て抑制することもできるようになる。Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the non-magnetic material is filled in the cavities 5 and 7 (in some cases, the cavities 9) in which the permanent magnets are not disposed. By doing so, the hollow portion becomes solid and the strength can be reinforced. In addition, by filling the cavity where no permanent magnet is placed with a conductive non-magnetic material, the rotating electric machine can self-start by the eddy current generated in the conductive material, and the effect of the harmonic magnetic field can be reduced. Can also be suppressed by the eddy current generated in the above.

【００６３】次に、本発明の第８の実施の形態の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機を、図１０に基づいて説明
する。第８の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回
転電機は、図１に示した第１の実施の形態の永久磁石式
リラクタンス型回転電機に対して、回転子鉄心４の軸方
向両端部に磁性エンドリング１０を配置した構造を特徴
とする。Next, a permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the eighth embodiment is different from the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. It is characterized by a structure in which the end ring 10 is arranged.

【００６４】この第８の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラク
タンス型回転電機では、電機子コイル２の電流により回
転子鉄心４内の永久磁石６，８の磁化方向とは逆方向の
電機子反作用磁界を与えたとき、図１０に示すように永
久磁石６，８の磁束の一部は回転軸方向を通り、磁性エ
ンドリング１０を通って再び回転子鉄心４に戻る閉じた
磁路１１を構成する。すなわち、効果的に漏れ磁束を生
じさせることができて、電機子コイル２との鎖交磁束量
を調整することができ、端子電圧を電機子電流によって
容易に調整できるようになる。In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the eighth embodiment, the armature reaction magnetic field in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 6, 8 in the rotor core 4 due to the current of the armature coil 2. 10, a part of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 6 and 8 passes through the rotation axis direction, passes through the magnetic end ring 10, and returns to the rotor core 4 to form a closed magnetic path 11 as shown in FIG. . That is, the leakage magnetic flux can be effectively generated, the amount of the magnetic flux linkage with the armature coil 2 can be adjusted, and the terminal voltage can be easily adjusted by the armature current.

【００６５】なお、磁性エンドリング１０は図１に示し
た第１の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電
機にしか使用できないというわけではなく、上述したい
ずれの実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機
に対して同様に適用することができるものである。The magnetic end ring 10 cannot be used only for the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotary electric machine according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but can be used for any of the above-described embodiments. It can be similarly applied to a rotary electric machine.

【００６６】次に、本発明の第９の実施の形態の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機を、図１１に基づいて説明
する。第９の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回
転電機は、図１に示した第１の実施の形態の永久磁石式
リラクタンス型回転電機に対して、回転子鉄心４の軸方
向両端部に磁性エンドリング１０を空隙１２をあけて配
置した構造を特徴とする。Next, a permanent magnet type reluctance electric rotating machine according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the ninth embodiment is different from the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the first embodiment shown in FIG. It is characterized by a structure in which the end ring 10 is arranged with a gap 12 therebetween.

【００６７】この第９の実施の形態の永久磁石式リラク
タンス型回転電機では、図１０に示した第８の実施の形
態と同様に、電機子コイル２の電流により回転子鉄心４
内の永久磁石６，８の磁化方向とは逆方向の電機子反作
用磁界を与えたとき、図１１に示すような永久磁石６，
８の磁束の一部は回転軸方向を通り、磁性エンドリング
１０を通って再び回転子鉄心４に戻る閉じた磁路１１を
構成し、効果的に漏れ磁束を生じさせることができて、
電機子コイル２との鎖交磁束量を調整することができ、
端子電圧を電機子電流によって容易に調整でき、さら
に、漏れ磁束と有効磁束との割合を回転子鉄心４とエン
ドリング１０との間の空隙１２の長さによって調整する
ことができる。In the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to the ninth embodiment, similarly to the eighth embodiment shown in FIG.
When an armature reaction magnetic field in a direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 6 and 8 in FIG.
8, a part of the magnetic flux passes through the direction of the rotation axis, forms a closed magnetic path 11 that returns to the rotor core 4 again through the magnetic end ring 10, and can effectively generate a leakage magnetic flux.
The amount of linkage magnetic flux with the armature coil 2 can be adjusted,
The terminal voltage can be easily adjusted by the armature current, and the ratio between the leakage magnetic flux and the effective magnetic flux can be adjusted by the length of the gap 12 between the rotor core 4 and the end ring 10.

【００６８】なお、この第９の実施の形態でも、磁性エ
ンドリング１０は図１に示した第１の実施の形態の永久
磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機にしか使用できないとい
うわけではなく、上述したいずれの実施の形態の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機に対して同様に適用するこ
とができるものである。In the ninth embodiment, the magnetic end ring 10 cannot be used only for the permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The present invention can be similarly applied to the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine of the embodiment.

【００６９】[0069]

【発明の効果】以上のように請求項１の発明によれば、
磁極軸に沿った空洞部に配置されている永久磁石がほぼ
磁極軸と直交する方向に磁化されているので、磁極間の
軸方向から侵入する電機子電流による磁束を反発させ、
さらにその比透磁率がほぼ１であるので永久磁石方向の
磁気抵抗を高くするように作用し、電機子電流による磁
束を磁極間をほとんど通らずに磁極部の鉄心を通るよう
に分布させて空隙磁束分布に凹凸を形成することがで
き、磁気エネルギ変化によって大きなトルクを発生する
ことができる。As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention,
Since the permanent magnet arranged in the cavity along the magnetic pole axis is magnetized in a direction substantially perpendicular to the magnetic pole axis, it repels magnetic flux due to the armature current entering from the axial direction between the magnetic poles,
Furthermore, since its relative magnetic permeability is almost 1, it acts to increase the magnetic resistance in the direction of the permanent magnet, and distributes the magnetic flux due to the armature current so as to pass through the iron core of the magnetic pole part with almost no passage between the magnetic poles. Irregularities can be formed in the magnetic flux distribution, and a large torque can be generated by a change in magnetic energy.

【００７０】また磁極軸に沿った空洞部に永久磁石を配
置したことによって、回転子の表面のほぼ全周に永久磁
石が設けられている従来の永久磁石回転電機よりも永久
磁石の表面積が狭くなり、永久磁石による鎖交磁束量も
少なくなり、励磁電流成分を調整することによって端子
電圧を幅広く調整することができ、定電圧電源で広範囲
の可変速運転が可能である。Further, by arranging the permanent magnet in the cavity along the magnetic pole axis, the surface area of the permanent magnet is smaller than that of the conventional permanent magnet rotating electric machine in which the permanent magnet is provided almost all around the surface of the rotor. Thus, the amount of interlinkage magnetic flux by the permanent magnet is reduced, and the terminal voltage can be adjusted widely by adjusting the exciting current component, so that a wide range of variable speed operation is possible with a constant voltage power supply.

【００７１】請求項２の発明によれば、磁極軸に沿った
第１の空洞部に配置されている永久磁石がほぼ磁極軸と
直交する方向に磁化されているので、磁極間の軸方向か
ら侵入する電機子電流による磁束を反発させる作用を
し、またその比透磁率がほぼ１であるので永久磁石方向
の磁気抵抗を高くするようにも作用し、さらに回転子鉄
心の磁極間の内周部に形成された第２の空洞部により、
磁極間の軸方向の磁気抵抗も高くなり、これらの結果と
して、電機子電流による磁束を磁極間をほとんど通らず
に磁極部の鉄心を通るように分布させて空隙磁束分布に
凹凸を形成することができ、磁気エネルギ変化によって
大きなトルクを発生することができる。According to the second aspect of the present invention, the permanent magnet disposed in the first cavity along the magnetic pole axis is magnetized in a direction substantially perpendicular to the magnetic pole axis. It acts to repel magnetic flux due to the invading armature current, and because its relative permeability is almost 1, it also acts to increase the magnetic resistance in the direction of the permanent magnet, and furthermore, the inner circumference between the magnetic poles of the rotor core. With the second cavity formed in the part,
The magnetic resistance in the axial direction between the magnetic poles also becomes high, and as a result, the magnetic flux due to the armature current is distributed so as to pass through the iron core of the magnetic pole part almost without passing between the magnetic poles, so that irregularities are formed in the gap magnetic flux distribution. And a large torque can be generated by a change in magnetic energy.

【００７２】また広範囲の可変速運転特性については、
請求項１の発明と同様、定電圧電源で広範囲の可変速運
転が可能である。For a wide range of variable speed operation characteristics,
Similar to the first aspect of the invention, a wide range of variable speed operation is possible with a constant voltage power supply.

【００７３】請求項３の発明によれば、第２の空洞部を
扇形状にしたことによってこの空洞部を半径方向に深く
することができ、それだけ磁気抵抗を大きくすることが
でき、トルクを大きくすることができる。According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the second hollow portion is formed into a sector shape, the hollow portion can be made deeper in the radial direction, the magnetic resistance can be increased accordingly, and the torque can be increased. can do.

【００７４】請求項４の発明によれば、第２の空洞部が
長方形状をしたので、回転子鉄心のスペースを有効に利
用して半径方向の厚みを厚くすることができ、限られた
断面積の回転子鉄心内で有効に半径方向の磁気抵抗を高
くすることができる。According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the second hollow portion has a rectangular shape, the thickness in the radial direction can be increased by effectively utilizing the space of the rotor core, and a limited cutting distance can be obtained. The magnetic resistance in the radial direction can be effectively increased within the rotor core having the area.

【００７５】請求項５の発明によれば、磁極間内周側の
第２の空洞部に配置された永久磁石が磁極間の軸方向か
ら侵入しようとする電機子電流による磁束を反発するこ
とができ、空隙磁束分布の凹凸をさらに大きくし、出力
を増加することができる。According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the permanent magnet disposed in the second hollow portion on the inner peripheral side between the magnetic poles repels magnetic flux due to the armature current which tends to enter from the axial direction between the magnetic poles. As a result, the unevenness of the air gap magnetic flux distribution can be further increased, and the output can be increased.

【００７６】請求項６の発明によれば、電機子反作用に
よる減磁界は回転子外周ほど強く分布するものである
が、回転子の外周に近い磁極に沿った第１の空洞部の永
久磁石は減磁に対して強い高磁気エネルギ積のものを使
用することにより、空隙磁束分布の凹凸をより急激なも
のにして出力を増加することができる。According to the invention of claim 6, the demagnetizing field due to the armature reaction is distributed more strongly on the outer periphery of the rotor, but the permanent magnet of the first cavity along the magnetic pole near the outer periphery of the rotor is By using a magnetic flux having a high magnetic energy product that is strong against demagnetization, the output can be increased by making the unevenness of the air gap magnetic flux sharper.

【００７７】請求項７の発明によれば、第２の空洞部が
永久磁石との間にスペースを設けて配置されたので、永
久磁石の磁束の一部を回転子鉄心のスペース部分を通し
て漏れさせ、永久磁石内の反磁界を小とすることがで
き、この結果、永久磁石の減磁曲線上の動作点が高くな
り、温度、電機子反作用に対する耐減磁特性が向上す
る。According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the second cavity is provided with a space provided between the second cavity and the permanent magnet, a part of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet leaks through the space of the rotor core. In addition, the demagnetizing field in the permanent magnet can be reduced, and as a result, the operating point on the demagnetization curve of the permanent magnet increases, and the demagnetization resistance to temperature and armature reaction improves.

【００７８】請求項８の発明によれば、磁極間の軸方向
に沿った第１の空洞部の永久磁石の外側端部が回転子鉄
心の外周よりも内側に位置し、磁気空隙と当該永久磁石
の外側端部との間に回転子鉄心の一部が介在する配置に
したので、この磁気空隙と当該永久磁石の外側端部との
間に介在する回転子鉄心部分を通して永久磁石の磁束の
一部を漏れさせ、永久磁石内の反磁界を小とすることが
でき、この結果、永久磁石の減磁曲線上の動作点が高く
なり、温度、電機子反作用に対する耐減磁特性が向上す
る。According to the invention of claim 8, the outer end of the permanent magnet in the first cavity along the axial direction between the magnetic poles is located inside the outer periphery of the rotor core, and the magnetic gap and the permanent magnet Since the arrangement is such that part of the rotor core is interposed between the outer end of the magnet and the outer end of the permanent magnet, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet passes through the rotor core interposed between the magnetic gap and the outer end of the permanent magnet. Part can be leaked, and the demagnetizing field in the permanent magnet can be reduced. As a result, the operating point on the demagnetization curve of the permanent magnet increases, and the demagnetization resistance against temperature and armature reaction improves. .

【００７９】これと同時に、第１の空洞部の永久磁石は
回転子鉄心内に完全に埋め込まれ、回転子鉄心によって
保持される構造となるので機械的強度が向上する。At the same time, the permanent magnet in the first hollow portion is completely embedded in the rotor core and is held by the rotor core, so that the mechanical strength is improved.

【００８０】請求項９の発明によれば、磁極間の軸方向
に沿った第１の空洞部には永久磁石を配置せず、磁極間
内周側の第２の空洞部のみに永久磁石を配置したので、
モータ特性を大きく損なうことなく、永久磁石の使用量
が少なくできてコストの低減が図れ、また永久磁石が回
転子鉄心の内深くに配置されることになり、温度及び電
機子反作用による永久磁石の減磁が防止され、長期に安
定した特性で使用できる。According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, no permanent magnet is disposed in the first cavity along the axial direction between the magnetic poles, and the permanent magnet is provided only in the second cavity on the inner circumferential side between the magnetic poles. Since I placed it,
The use of permanent magnets can be reduced and the cost can be reduced without significantly impairing the motor characteristics, and the permanent magnets are arranged deep inside the rotor core. Demagnetization is prevented and it can be used with stable characteristics for a long time.

【００８１】請求項１０の発明によれば、磁極間内周側
の第２の空洞部の永久磁石が磁極間軸方向の成分の電機
子磁束の方向と逆の方向に磁化されているので、磁極間
軸方向の空隙磁束を小さくできる。According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, since the permanent magnet in the second cavity on the inner peripheral side between the magnetic poles is magnetized in the direction opposite to the direction of the armature magnetic flux of the component in the axial direction between the magnetic poles, The air gap magnetic flux in the axial direction between the magnetic poles can be reduced.

【００８２】請求項１１の発明によれば、回転子鉄心の
磁極幅を磁極ピッチ幅の０．３〜０．５倍としたので、
回転子位置に対する空隙磁束密度分布の変化を効果的に
大きくでき、高出力が得られる。According to the eleventh aspect, the magnetic pole width of the rotor core is set to 0.3 to 0.5 times the magnetic pole pitch width.
The change in the air gap magnetic flux density distribution with respect to the rotor position can be effectively increased, and a high output can be obtained.

【００８３】請求項１２の発明によれば、回転子鉄心の
各磁極の中央部にスリットを形成したので、このスリッ
トにより磁極を横切る方向の磁気抵抗を高くし、磁極間
の軸方向の成分の電機子電流の磁束を低減し、また、永
久磁石の磁束を磁極スリットで遮ることができ、磁極部
ではスリットに沿った方向に分布させ、空隙を介して固
定子鉄心を通り、永久磁石に戻る磁路を形成することが
できる。According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, since a slit is formed in the center of each magnetic pole of the rotor core, the magnetic resistance in the direction crossing the magnetic pole is increased by this slit, and the axial component between the magnetic poles is reduced. The magnetic flux of the armature current can be reduced, and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet can be blocked by the magnetic pole slit.In the magnetic pole part, it is distributed in the direction along the slit, passes through the stator core through the air gap, and returns to the permanent magnet. A magnetic path can be formed.

【００８４】請求項１３の発明によれば、回転子鉄心を
電磁鋼板の積層構造としたので、電磁鋼板に穴の型抜き
加工を行い、積層することによって回転子鉄心の組立と
空洞部の形成ができ、製造性が向上する。また高調波磁
界で鉄心表面に生じる渦電流を減少させることができ
る。According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, since the rotor core has a laminated structure of magnetic steel sheets, holes are cut out from the magnetic steel sheets and laminated to form a rotor core and form a cavity. And the productivity is improved. Also, the eddy current generated on the iron core surface by the harmonic magnetic field can be reduced.

【００８５】請求項１４及び請求項１５の発明によれ
ば、電機子電流により、回転子外周部の第２の空洞部に
配置された永久磁石の磁化方向と逆方向の電機子反作用
磁界を与えたとき、この永久磁石の磁束の一部は軸方向
を通り、磁性エンドリングを通って回転子で閉じた磁路
を形成することによって効果的に漏れ磁束を生じさせる
ことができ、電機子コイルとの鎖交磁束量を調整できる
ので端子電圧を電機子電流により容易に調整できる。そ
してこの場合に、回転子鉄心の端面と磁性エンドリング
との空隙長の調整によって漏れ磁束と有効磁束との割合
を調整することができる。According to the fourteenth and fifteenth aspects of the present invention, the armature current gives an armature reaction magnetic field in a direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet disposed in the second hollow portion on the outer periphery of the rotor. When a part of the magnetic flux of this permanent magnet passes through the axial direction and passes through the magnetic end ring to form a magnetic path closed by the rotor, it is possible to effectively generate a leakage magnetic flux, and the armature coil Therefore, the terminal voltage can be easily adjusted by the armature current. In this case, the ratio between the leakage magnetic flux and the effective magnetic flux can be adjusted by adjusting the gap length between the end face of the rotor core and the magnetic end ring.

【００８６】請求項１６の発明によれば、第１と第２の
空洞部のうち、永久磁石の配置されていない空洞部に非
磁性材が配置されたので、空洞部分を構造物で充填する
ことによって磁気特性を損なうことなく、強度的に強く
することができる。According to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, since the nonmagnetic material is disposed in the first and second cavities where the permanent magnet is not disposed, the cavity is filled with the structure. Thus, the strength can be increased without impairing the magnetic characteristics.

【００８７】請求項１７の発明によれば、第１と第２の
空洞部のうち、永久磁石の配置されていない空洞部に導
電性材が配置されたので、導電性材に生じる渦電流によ
って回転電機の自己起動が可能となり、また高調波磁界
による影響を導電性材に生じる渦電流により抑制するこ
とができる。According to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, since the conductive material is disposed in the first and second cavities where the permanent magnet is not disposed, the eddy current generated in the conductive material causes The self-starting of the rotating electric machine becomes possible, and the influence of the harmonic magnetic field can be suppressed by the eddy current generated in the conductive material.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】本発明の第１の実施の形態の径方向の断面図。FIG. 1 is a radial cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention.

【図２】本発明の第２の実施の形態の径方向の断面図。FIG. 2 is a radial sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

【図３】本発明の第３の実施の形態の径方向の断面図。FIG. 3 is a radial sectional view of a third embodiment of the present invention.

【図４】上記の第３の実施の形態における電機子電流の
磁極軸方向成分の磁束の流れを示した径方向の断面図。FIG. 4 is a radial cross-sectional view showing a flow of a magnetic flux of a component of an armature current in a magnetic pole axis direction according to the third embodiment.

【図５】上記の第３の実施の形態における電機子電流の
磁極間の軸方向成分の磁束の流れを示した径方向の断面
図。FIG. 5 is a radial cross-sectional view showing a flow of a magnetic flux of an axial component between magnetic poles of an armature current in the third embodiment.

【図６】本発明の第４の実施の形態の回転子の径方向の
断面図。FIG. 6 is a radial cross-sectional view of a rotor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

【図７】本発明の第５の実施の形態の回転子の径方向の
断面図。FIG. 7 is a radial sectional view of a rotor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

【図８】上記の第６の実施の形態の回転子の径方向の断
面図。FIG. 8 is a radial cross-sectional view of the rotor according to the sixth embodiment.

【図９】本発明の第７の実施の形態の径方向の断面図。FIG. 9 is a radial cross-sectional view of a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

【図１０】本発明の第８の実施の形態の軸方向の断面
図。FIG. 10 is an axial cross-sectional view of an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

【図１１】本発明の第９の実施の形態の軸方向の断面
図。FIG. 11 is an axial sectional view of a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

【図１２】従来例の径方向の断面図。FIG. 12 is a radial cross-sectional view of a conventional example.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 固定子 ２ 電機子コイル ３ 回転子 ４ 回転子鉄心 ５ 空洞部 ６ 永久磁石 ７ 空洞部 ８ 永久磁石 ９ （スリット状の）空洞部 １０ 磁性エンドリング １１ 磁路 １２ 空隙 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Stator 2 Armature coil 3 Rotor 4 Rotor iron core 5 Hollow part 6 Permanent magnet 7 Hollow part 8 Permanent magnet 9 Hollow part (slit shape) 10 Magnetic end ring 11 Magnetic path 12 Air gap

Claims (17)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 電機子コイルを有する固定子と、円筒形
の回転子鉄心で成る回転子とから成る永久磁石式リラク
タンス型回転電機において、 前記回転子鉄心は、各磁極軸に沿った方向に形成された
長方形状の空洞部と、この空洞部に配置された永久磁石
とを備え、 前記永久磁石は、磁極間においてその磁束が互いに加え
合せになる方向に磁化されていることを特徴とする永久
磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機。1. A permanent magnet type reluctance rotating electric machine comprising a stator having an armature coil and a rotor comprising a cylindrical rotor core, wherein the rotor core is arranged in a direction along each magnetic pole axis. It comprises a rectangular cavity formed and a permanent magnet arranged in the cavity, wherein the permanent magnet is magnetized in a direction in which magnetic fluxes are added to each other between magnetic poles. Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine. 【請求項２】 電機子コイルを有する固定子と、円筒形
の回転子鉄心で成る回転子とから成る永久磁石式リラク
タンス型回転電機において、 前記回転子鉄心は、各磁極軸に沿った方向に形成された
長方形状の第１の空洞部と、当該第１の空洞部が前記磁
極間の内周側でつながるような位置に形成された第２の
空洞部と、前記第１の空洞部に配置された永久磁石とを
備え、 前記永久磁石は、前記磁極間においてその磁束が互いに
加え合せになる方向に磁化されていることを特徴とする
永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機。2. A permanent magnet type reluctance type electric rotating machine comprising a stator having an armature coil and a rotor comprising a cylindrical rotor core, wherein the rotor core extends in a direction along each magnetic pole axis. A rectangular first cavity formed, a second cavity formed at a position where the first cavity is connected on the inner peripheral side between the magnetic poles, and a first cavity formed in the first cavity. And a permanent magnet arranged, wherein the permanent magnet is magnetized in a direction in which magnetic fluxes are added to each other between the magnetic poles, the permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine. 【請求項３】 前記第２の空洞部は、前記回転子鉄心の
中心方向にその基部が位置し、当該回転子鉄心の外周方
向に広がる扇形状であることを特徴とする請求項２に記
載の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機。3. The rotor according to claim 2, wherein the base of the second hollow portion is located in a center direction of the rotor core, and has a fan shape extending in an outer circumferential direction of the rotor core. Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine. 【請求項４】 前記第２の空洞部は、長方形状であるこ
とを特徴とする請求項２に記載の永久磁石式リラクタン
ス型回転電機。4. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to claim 2, wherein the second hollow portion has a rectangular shape. 【請求項５】 前記第２の空洞部に永久磁石を配置して
成ることを特徴とする請求項２〜４のいずれかに記載の
永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機。5. The reluctance type rotating electric machine according to claim 2, wherein a permanent magnet is arranged in the second cavity. 【請求項６】 前記第１の空洞部に配置された永久磁石
は、高磁気エネルギ積のもの、前記第２の空洞部に配置
された永久磁石は低磁気エネルギ積のものとしたことを
特徴とする請求項５に記載の永久磁石式リラクタンス型
回転電機。6. The permanent magnet disposed in the first cavity has a high magnetic energy product, and the permanent magnet disposed in the second cavity has a low magnetic energy product. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to claim 5. 【請求項７】 前記第２の空洞部は、前記永久磁石との
間にスペースを設けて配置されていることを特徴とする
請求項２〜６のいずれかに記載の永久磁石式リラクタン
ス型回転電機。7. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotation according to claim 2, wherein the second cavity is provided with a space provided between the second cavity and the permanent magnet. Electric machine. 【請求項８】 前記永久磁石は、その外側端部が前記回
転子鉄心の外周よりも内側に位置し、磁気空隙と当該永
久磁石の外側端部との間に回転子鉄心の一部が介在する
ことを特徴とする請求項２〜７のいずれかに記載の永久
磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機。8. An outer end of the permanent magnet is located inside an outer periphery of the rotor core, and a part of the rotor core is interposed between a magnetic gap and an outer end of the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein: 【請求項９】 前記第１の空洞部には前記永久磁石を配
置せず、前記第２の空洞部のみに前記永久磁石を配置し
たことを特徴とする請求項２〜８のいずれかに記載の永
久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機。9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the permanent magnet is not disposed in the first cavity, and the permanent magnet is disposed only in the second cavity. Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine. 【請求項１０】 前記第２の空洞部に配置された永久磁
石は、前記回転子鉄心の半径方向に磁化されていること
を特徴とする請求項２〜９のいずれかに記載の永久磁石
式リラクタンス型回転電機。10. The permanent magnet type according to claim 2, wherein the permanent magnet arranged in the second hollow portion is magnetized in a radial direction of the rotor core. Reluctance type rotating electric machine. 【請求項１１】 前記回転子鉄心の磁極幅を磁極ピッチ
幅の０．３〜０．５倍としたことを特徴とする請求項１
〜１０のいずれかに記載の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回
転電機。11. A magnetic pole width of the rotor core is set to 0.3 to 0.5 times a magnetic pole pitch width.
The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 10 to 10. 【請求項１２】 前記回転子鉄心の各磁極の中央部にス
リットを形成したことを特徴とする請求項１〜１１のい
ずれかに記載の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機。12. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein a slit is formed in a central portion of each magnetic pole of the rotor core. 【請求項１３】 前記回転子鉄心を電磁鋼板の積層構造
としたことを請求項１〜１２のいずれかに記載の永久磁
石式リラクタンス型回転電機。13. A permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein said rotor core has a laminated structure of magnetic steel sheets. 【請求項１４】 前記回転子鉄心の軸方向端部に磁性エ
ンドリングが配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１〜１
３のいずれかに記載の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電
機。14. A rotor according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic end ring is disposed at an axial end of said rotor core.
3. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to any one of the above items 3. 【請求項１５】 前記回転子鉄心の軸方向端面と前記磁
性エンドリングとの間に空隙が形成されていることを特
徴とする請求項１４に記載の永久磁石式リラクタンス型
回転電機。15. The permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine according to claim 14, wherein a gap is formed between an axial end face of the rotor core and the magnetic end ring. 【請求項１６】 前記第１と第２の空洞部のうち、前記
永久磁石の配置されていない空洞部に非磁性材が配置さ
れたことを特徴とする請求項２〜１５のいずれかに記載
の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機。16. The non-magnetic material according to claim 2, wherein a non-magnetic material is arranged in the first and second cavities where the permanent magnet is not arranged. Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine. 【請求項１７】 前記第１と第２の空洞部のうち、前記
永久磁石の配置されていない空洞部に導電性材が配置さ
れたことを特徴とする請求項２〜１５のいずれかに記載
の永久磁石式リラクタンス型回転電機。17. A conductive material is disposed in a cavity of the first and second cavities where the permanent magnet is not disposed. Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine.
JP30095697A 1997-07-01 1997-10-31 Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine Expired - Lifetime JP3280896B2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP30095697A JP3280896B2 (en) 1997-10-31 1997-10-31 Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine
US09/094,700 US6087751A (en) 1997-07-01 1998-06-15 Reluctance type rotating machine with permanent magnets
EP98111068A EP0889574B1 (en) 1997-07-01 1998-06-17 Reluctance type rotating machine with permanent magnets
DE69808994T DE69808994T2 (en) 1997-07-01 1998-06-17 Reluctance-type rotating machine with permanent magnets
CN98115558A CN1078970C (en) 1997-07-01 1998-06-30 Reluctance type rotating machine with permanent magnets

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP30095697A JP3280896B2 (en) 1997-10-31 1997-10-31 Permanent magnet type reluctance type rotating electric machine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH11136912A true JPH11136912A (en) 1999-05-21
JP3280896B2 JP3280896B2 (en) 2002-05-13

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