JPH11117763A - Gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gas turbine with no vibration, in a simple structure and with ease of maintenance and start, as a prime mover for mobile or stationary industrial machinery including an automobile and a generator, supervisor to a reciprocating engine in performance, cost and exhaust component. SOLUTION: An intake air stay 2 in a cover 1 is partitioned from a combustion chamber 5 in a cylinder 4 with a partition wall 3 to prevent explosive pressure from negatively applied on a compression blade. The combustion chamber is formed in an annular shape to encircle an intake air hole 47 so that inflow intake air and injected fuel can be put in contact with an electric heat tap 52 without fail to be ignited and exploded. Explosive gas is swirled and expanded with insulated heat and blown to an axial blade on its whole periphery to turn a shaft 30 and turn the compression blade with an axial current and a final double current in the cylinder. The adjacent blade is reversed to straighten the explosive gas, reverse the blade in the cylinder and compress and straighten intake air. An intake air valve 48 is forcibly opened by the pressure in the intake air stay 2, fuel in a pump room 32 is pushed by a piston 34 with its movement, injected from a jet and put in contact with the electric heat tap together with inflow intake air to be ignited and exploded, the intake air valve is closed with its pressure and fuel is absorbed into the pump room with is movement.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an agricultural machine, a construction machine,
High performance and cost, fuel consumption rate, maintenance and management cost, vibration, exhaust pollution that can be replaced by reciprocating engines, which are now dominant as prime movers for stationary industrial machinery such as automobiles, marine vehicles, and generators, compressors, and cogeneration systems. The present invention relates to a small gas turbine which has a low structure and is easy to handle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional gas turbine, air is pumped into a combustion chamber by an axial or radial compressor, fuel is injected and burned, and high-pressure combustion gas is blown onto an axial or radial turbine. Get power. Therefore, it has the following disadvantages. (A) Compression and combustion are continuous, and the gas pressure in the combustion chamber is also negative for the compressor, reducing thermal efficiency. (B) Since the turbine on the output side is continuously exposed to the high-temperature combustion gas, the temperature of the blades becomes high and the temperature of the combustion gas cannot be increased due to the strength of the blades, resulting in low thermal efficiency. (C) A conventional axial turbine in which a number of precision blades are planted is expensive and cannot be made compact. In view of the above points, the gas turbine is small in size and has low thermal efficiency, and the cost is bulky and bulky due to the heat exchange device or the like that compensates for this, and it cannot be matched with the conventional reciprocating engine. A reciprocating engine performs intermittent combustion in a space closed by a piston in a cylinder. Therefore, (a) Since compression and combustion are performed in different strokes, the combustion gas pressure does not have a negative effect on the compression stroke. (B) High combustion temperature can be used and high thermal efficiency can be obtained by combustion in the cooled cylinder. However, the reciprocating engine has the following problems: (a) the components are complicated, have many points, such as a cylinder block, a piston, a rod, a crankshaft, a valve train, and a cooling device, and the cost is high. (B) Vibration from reciprocation is inevitable. (C) Cylinder and piston, crankshaft and rod,
There are many parts that slide under high pressure, such as a valve operating mechanism, and lubrication oil is required for lubrication, and management is troublesome. (D) There are many parts to be cooled, and it takes time to maintain and manage the cooling water.

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

(B) Compression and combustion are separated to make intermittent combustion in another process. (B) Eliminate negative work by preventing the explosion pressure from reaching the compression side. (C) Only air is compressed to prevent abnormal explosion, and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. (D) Cooling of impulse blades and axial flow blades blown by high-temperature gas. (E) Cooling the case exposed to high-temperature gas. (F) Ignition method. (G) Starting method. (H) Improvement of compression ratio due to supercharging of exhaust turbine. (I) Reduce the number of sliding parts that require lubricating oil. (U) The number of components is reduced and simplified to minimize the energy consumption required for manufacturing. To prevent atmospheric warming, future prime movers must not only reduce energy consumption during operation, but also reduce the energy consumption required to manufacture their components.

[0004]

[Means for solving the problem]

(B) The compression side intake reservoir 2 and the combustion side combustion chamber 5 are partitioned by a partition wall 3.
Partition with. (B) The intake hole 47 provided in the partition 3 is closed with the intake valve 48. (C) When the intake valve 48 opens due to the intake pressure, the piston 3
4 pushes the check valve 46 open and the cap 4
The fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 5 from several fuel injection holes 50 provided in the nozzle 9, and at the same time, intake air flows from the intake holes 47. (D) The combustion chamber 5 is formed into an annular shape surrounded by the partition wall 3 and the cylinder 4, and starts around the intake hole 47, goes around once, and rotates around the intake hole 4.
Ending just before 7, the inflow air and the injected fuel surely flow into the glowing portion of the electric hot plug 52, causing ignition explosion. (E) The intake valve 48 is closed by the explosion pressure, and the pressure does not reach the compression blade. (F) When the intake valve 48 is closed, the check valve 44 is pushed and opened into the pump chamber 32, and fuel is sucked. (G) The fuel sucked from the fuel supply hole 43 is the spring 4
The needle valve 40 pushed by 1 is operated by the lever 37 to be increased / decreased and stopped. (H) An air hole 42 is provided in the shaft of the needle valve 40, and the amount of air mixed with the fuel is adjusted by the adjusting screw 38. The difference between the amount of injected fuel and the capacity of the pump chamber 32 is adjusted by mixing air. Also, mixing air improves the atomization of fuel during injection. (I) The end of the partition wall 3, the cylinders 10 and 14, and the end of the morning glory 56 are inclined gaps along the gas flow to minimize gas leakage. (G) The ignited and exploded combustion gas adiabatically expands while rotating in one direction in the closed annular combustion chamber 5, flows between the cylinder 4 and the cylinders 9 and 14, and has a shaft driving axial flow all around. The blade 8 is turned, the axial compression blade 10 in the cylinder 9 is turned to compress the intake air, and the shaft 30 is turned via the key 12 of the central boss 11. (L) The shaft drive axial flow blade 8 is an axial flow compression blade 10 in a cylinder.
Even if the combustion temperature is high due to intermittent combustion, the average gas temperature is low, and the temperature of the shaft drive axial flow blade 8 falls within a range where the strength is not lost. (ヲ) The combustion gas that has passed through the shaft drive axial flow blades 8 is rectified by the fixed guide blades in the conventional gas turbine, but the reverse axial flow blades 13 are rectified in the present invention. But bearing 1
Since it is rotatably supported on the shaft 30 at 7, the rotation is reversed by the rectification resistance, and the reverse compression blade 15 in the cylinder 14 is turned to compress the intake air. When a load is applied to the shaft 30 and the rotation of the shaft drive axial flow blade 8 decreases, the rotation of the reverse axial flow blade 13 increases, the intake compression of the reverse compression blade 15 increases, and the output increases. Exhaust supercharging. (W) The output increases as the pair of the shaft drive axial flow blade 8 and the reverse rotation axial flow blade 13 overlaps. (F) At the start, the air pressurized into the air tank 26 is pulled by the knob 18 to open the needle valve 22 and the air is supplied to the axial drive blade 8.
And rotate it. The magnet 23 and the coil 24 are rotated for a while by the inertia force of the flywheel 29 and the like.
The tip of the electric hot-plug 52 is red-heated by the electricity generated by the iron core 25 wound, and the intake valve 48 is opened by a rise in the intake pressure, so that the injected fuel and the intake touch the red-hot portion, ignite and explode to start. (G) After the start, the high-pressure combustion gas is press-fitted into the air tank 26 and stored, and is used in the next start. Air injection is only the first. (T) A cooling fin 6 is provided on the cylinder 4 and a cover 5 is provided.
8, air is sucked out by the emission of exhaust gas from the morning glory 56 and cooled. (D) The bearings 31 and 54 for rotatably supporting the shaft 30 on the cover 1 and the bosh 56 and the bearing 17 for rotatably supporting the reverse compression blade 15 on the shaft 30 are all sealed with grease.
There is no use of lubricating oil. The temperature around the bearing does not reach the temperature at which grease melts due to intake compression. (S) The components are simple with few points and are mostly made of aluminum die cast or precision cast iron, and require less energy than conventional gas turbines and reciprocating engines with the same output.

[0005]

The operation of the present invention will be described. (A) When the knob 18 is pulled, the compressed air in the air tank 26 blows on the axial drive blade 8 to rotate the shaft 30. When the air pressure is insufficient, air is injected by an air pump through the air injection hole 19 to supplement the pressure. The shaft 30 continues to rotate for a while due to the inertia of the flywheel 29 and each keyed impeller. (B) With the rotation of the axial compression blades 10 and the fin compression blades 7, the pressure in the intake reservoir 2 rises, the intake valve 48 is pushed open, and the intake air flows into the combustion chamber 5. (C) When the intake valve 48 opens, the fuel in the pump chamber 32 is pushed by the piston 34, passes through the small hole 35 passing through the center of the valve shaft from the lateral hole 36, pushes the check valve 46 open, and opens the cap 49. The fuel is injected from the fuel injection holes 50 into the combustion chamber 5. (D) The combustion chamber 5 starts around the intake hole 47,
And make a circle surrounded by cylinder 4
Since it ends just before 7, the inflowing intake air and the injected fuel flow in one direction, touch the red hot part of the electric hot-plug 52 immediately protruding downstream, and ignite and explode. (E) The intake valve 48 is pushed by the pressure of the explosive combustion gas.
Is closed, and the gas pressure is reduced to the flow compression blade 7 or the axial compression blade 10.
Less than. (F) When the intake valve 48 is closed, fuel is pushed into the pump chamber 32 by the action of the piston 34 to open and close the check valve 44. (G) The fuel from the fuel supply hole 43 is stopped by increasing or decreasing the needle valve 40 pushed by the spring 41 by operating the lever 37. (H) Air is sucked in from the air hole 42 of the shaft of the needle valve 40 and mixes with fuel. The amount of air is adjusted by screws 38.
This air fills the difference between the fuel injection amount and the capacity of the pump chamber 32, and assists in atomizing the fuel during injection. (I) The ignition and explosion of the combustion gas, due to the wall surrounding the intake hole 47, swirls the annular combustion chamber 5 in one direction and blows the shaft drive axial flow blades 8 around the entire circumference while adiabatically expanding. The axial compression blade 10 and the shaft 30 are turned. (V) Since the angle of attack of the reversing axial flow blade 13 is reversed, the combustion gas that has passed through the shaft drive axial flow blade 8 is rectified by this, and the reverse compression blade 15 is rotated in reverse to perform the intake compression and rectification. Do. When a load is applied to the shaft 30 and the rotation of the shaft drive axial flow blade 8 decreases, the reverse axial flow blade 13 and the reverse compression blade 15 are rotated.
The rotation of the pump increases and the pumping of the intake air increases, preventing the output from decreasing. Although this pair has two stages in the illustrated example, three stages and four stages increase the output and improve the thermal efficiency. (L) When the shaft 30 rotates at the time of starting, the magnet 23 screwed to the flange turns, and the electric power is generated by the coil 24 wound around the iron core 25 screwed to the cover 1 and one end of the coil is connected to the electric plug. The tip of 52 is glowed. When the red heat is insufficient, air is replenished by pressurizing air from the air press-in hole 19 and the knob 18 is pulled again. (ヲ) Finally, the exhaust gas is discharged from the morning glory 56, and the air is sucked and cooled from between the cooling fins 6 of the cylinder 3 covered with the adjacent cover 58.

[0006]

【Example】

(A) If a battery is used for the red heat of the electric hot-plug 52 at the time of starting, the cost is reduced, but the management of the battery requires labor and cost. (B) In order to start with a battery and a cell motor, the shaft 30
Needs a speed-increasing device to rotate at high speed. It is advantageous to blow high-pressure air to the blades with an electric compressor. (C) Fuel is kerosene, but light oil and gasoline can also be used. (D) Power can be taken out from both the flywheel 29 and the tip of the shaft 30.

[0007]

【The invention's effect】

(A) In the present invention, the intake reservoir 2 and the combustion chamber 5 are separated by the partition wall 3, and the intake air flowing into the combustion chamber 5 and the injected fuel come into contact with the red-hot portion of the electric hot-plug 52, and when the ignition explodes, the intake valve is depressed by the pressure. 48 is closed and the explosion pressure does not reach the flow compression blade 7 and the axial compression blade 10, so that no negative work occurs and the thermal efficiency is increased. (B) The explosion gas is rectified by the reverse axial flow blade 13, the reverse compression blade 15 is reversed, and the intake air is rectified and compressed. Conventional fixed guide vanes become resistance only by rectification. (C) When a load is applied to the shaft 30 and the rotation is reduced, the rotation of the reverse axial flow blade 13 and the reverse compression blade 15 is increased to compensate for a decrease in output. (D) Since fuel is injected only when the intake valve 39 is opened, there is no waste of fuel and the fuel consumption rate is improved. (E) Since the fuel is injected after mixing with air, atomization is good. Ignition depends on the red hot part of the electric hot-plug 52 instead of electric spark, so kerosene, light oil and gasoline can be used. (F) Each blade is partitioned by a cylinder and explosive gas flows outside and intake air flows inside, so the internal compression blades become cooling fins and cool the external axial flow blades, so the combustion temperature is high and the heat efficiency is high. Become. (G) The cylinder 4 exposed to the high-temperature gas has a cooling fin 6
Is provided, and is covered with a cover 58, and the air discharged from the morning glory 56 sucks air for cooling. (H) Since all the bearings are in the intake air, grease sealed bearings are used, but the grease does not melt. Do not use any lubricating oil. (I) The intake valve 48 is closed by the pressure of the ignition explosion in the combustion chamber 5, and the combustion gas is adiabatically expanded while swirling in the annular combustion chamber 5, and is blown to the axial flow vanes all around, so that the temperature and pressure are reduced. Then, the intake pressure in the intake reservoir 2 increases, and the intake valve 48 is pushed open to repeat ignition and explosion. Due to this intermittent combustion, the combustion temperature can be made sufficiently high, and the thermal efficiency increases. (G) Although the interval of combustion is slow, the shaft 30 rotates at tens of thousands of revolutions per minute, and a small and high output is obtained. (L) It is possible to provide an inexpensive and easy-to-maintain prime mover that consists of only rotary motion, has no vibration, is compact, and can replace conventional reciprocating engines.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial front sectional view of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 cover 21 spring 41 spring 2 intake reservoir 22 needle valve 42 air hole 3 partition 23 magnet 43 fuel supply hole 4 cylinder 24 coil 44 check valve 5 combustion chamber 25 iron core 45 spring 6 cooling fin 26 air tank 46 check valve 7 wipe Flow compression blade 27 Vent hole 47 Intake hole 8 Shaft drive shaft flow blade 28 Bolt 48 Intake valve 9 Cylindrical 29 Flywheel 49 Cap 10 Axial flow compression blade 30 Shaft 50
Fuel injection hole 11 Boss 31 Bearing 51
O-ring 12 key 32 pump chamber 52
Electric plug 13 Reverse axial flow blade 33 Screw 53
Slot 14 Cylinder 34 Piston 54
Bearing 15 Reverse compression blade 35 Pores 55
Boss 16 Boss 36 Side hole 56
Morning glory 17 bearing 37 lever 57
Screw 18 Knob 38 Screw 58
Cover 19 Air injection hole 39 Side hole 69
Filter media 20 Male rubber 40 Needle valve

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A cover 1, a partition 3 and a cylinder 4.
Is screwed to form the air reservoir 2 and the combustion chamber 5, and the intake hole 17 connecting both is closed by an intake valve 48 having a fuel injection mechanism.
Further, a red-hot portion is protruded into the combustion chamber 5, and an electric heating plug 52 is screwed into the cylinder 4 near the intake valve 48. (B) Bearings 31 and 5 held by cover 1 and boss 55
At 4, the shaft 30 is rotatably supported. (C) The flow compression blade 7 is fixed to the shaft 30 with the key 12 and covered with the partition wall 3. (D) The axial drive blade 8 is provided outside the cylinder 9 and the axial compression blade 10 is provided inside, and the center boss 11 is mounted on the shaft 3 with the key 12.
Fix to 0. (E) A reverse axial flow blade 13 is provided outside the cylinder 14 and a reverse compression blade 15 is provided inside, and the central boss 16 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 30 via the bearing 17. (F) The angle of attack of each blade is reversed inside and outside of cylinders 9 and 14,
It is also rotated in the opposite direction by the combustion gas flowing outside the cylinder, and rotates in the cylinder in the opposite direction to compress the intake air. Finally, the compressed air is compressed into the intake reservoir 2 by the flow compression blade 7. You. (G) The gaps 53 at the end of the partition wall 3, both ends of the cylinders 9 and 14, and the end of the morning glory 56 are slanted along the gas flow. (H) A cooling fin 6 is provided outside the cylinder 4 and is covered with a cover 58, and air is sucked into exhaust gas blown out from the morning glory 56 to cool it. The gas turbine configured as described above. (2) The air reservoir 2 is an annular shape surrounded by the cover 1 and the partition 3, and starts and ends before the intake hole 47 and ends therewith. Thus, the intake air compressed and swirled by the fins 7 collides with the wall surrounding the intake hole 47 and is further compressed. (B) The combustion chamber 5 is an annular shape surrounded by the partition wall 3 and the cylinder 4, and starts around the intake hole 47 and ends shortly before the intake hole 47. Thus, the intake air flowing from the intake hole 47 and the fuel injected from the fuel injection hole 50 always swirl in one direction, immediately touch the red-hot portion of the electric hot-plug 52 downstream, and reliably ignite and explode. As a result, a rotational force is applied along the rotational direction of the axial drive blade 8. A gas turbine including the combustion device configured as described above. 3. An intake hole 47 provided in the partition wall 3 is closed by an intake valve 48 pulled by a spring 45. A fine hole 35
Is provided, and the end on the umbrella side is closed with a check valve 46 pressed by a spring,
A cap 49 having several fuel injection holes 50 is screwed. The other end of the silk hole 35 attaches and closes the piston 34 with the screw 33. The horizontal hole 36 connects the fine hole 35 and the pump chamber 32. The pump chamber 32 is kept oil-tight by an O-ring 51. A spring 45 is placed in the pump chamber 32 and the piston 34 is pushed to bring the intake valve 48 into close contact with the partition wall 3. Fuel is supplied to the pump chamber 32 via a check valve 44 pushed by a spring. (B) The fuel from the fuel supply hole 43 is operated by the lever 37 to operate the needle valve 40 pushed by the spring 41, and is stopped. (C) An air hole 42 is provided in the axis of the needle valve 40, and air is mixed with the fuel. The amount of air to be mixed is adjusted with the screw 38. (D) When the intake valve 48 is pushed and opened by the intake pressure, the fuel in the pump chamber 32 pushes and opens the check valve 46 to squirt from the fuel injection hole 50 into the combustion chamber 2, and the red heat of the electric hot plug 52 together with the inflowing intake air. Touch the part and explode. At that pressure, the intake valve 48 closes,
The check valve 44 is pushed open in the piston 32 and fuel enters. A gas turbine including the fuel supply injection device configured as described above. 4. A magnet 2 is mounted on the flange of the shaft 30.
3 is fastened together with the flywheel 29 and the screw 28. (B) The core 25 around which the coil 24 is wound around the magnet 23 is screwed to the cover 1. One end of the coil 24 is connected to the electric heating plug 52, and the other end is grounded to the cover 1. There is a resistor between the lines. (C) Air is injected into the air tank 26 from the air injection hole 19. The air pushes the insect rubber 20 open and is press-fitted. After the start, the high-pressure combustion gas pushes open the needle valve 22 pushed by the spring 21 and is stored to prepare for the next start. (D) When the knob 32 is pulled, the compressed air passes through the vent hole 27 and blows to the shaft driving axial flow blade 8 to rotate the shaft 30. (E) The shaft 30 rotates for a while due to the inertial force of the flywheel 29, the cylinder 9, and the like, and the tip of the electric hot-plug 52 glows red with electricity generated during the rotation. (F) When the shaft 30 rotates, the pressure of the air reservoir 2 increases due to the rotation of the axial compression blades 10 and the fin compression blades 7, the intake valve 48 is pushed open, pushed by the piston 34, and the fuel is injected from the fuel injection hole 50. Is injected into the combustion chamber 5 and touches the red-hot part of the electric hot-plug 52 together with the inflowing intake air, causing an explosion by ignition. At that pressure, the intake valve 48 closes, and the high-pressure combustion gas adiabatically expands in the closed annular combustion chamber 5 and blows all the way around the shaft drive axial flow vanes 8 while turning, and the shaft 30 fixed by a key is rotated. Turning the. A gas turbine having a starting and ignition device configured as described above.