JP5002721B1 - Operating gas generator - Google Patents

Abstract

A working gas generator for supplying a working gas to a power device using the working gas as a power source is provided.
A working gas generator of the present invention is a device for supplying a working gas to a device using the working gas as a power source. The working gas generating device comprises a cylinder head, a cylinder block comprising a cylinder and a housing case, and a piston. The connecting position of the piston, the connecting rod, and the rotating rotor, and the position where the axial center of the rotating rotor is linear near the top dead center is 10 to the expansion stroke side. Ignition is performed at a position advanced by 25 degrees, and a means is adopted in which the piston is configured to complete the combustion chamber formation (compression) step, ignition step, explosion / expansion stroke, and scavenging step in one reciprocating cycle.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a working gas generator that supplies a working gas to a power unit that uses a working gas as a power source, and more specifically, compresses and injects fuel and air in a combustion chamber and ignites the mixture under a predetermined condition. The present invention relates to a working gas generator for reciprocating a piston with an expansion force due to combustion so that the piston functions as an operating valve.

  An internal combustion engine that burns fuel inside the engine and converts the generated thermal energy into mechanical energy to obtain power is divided into the Otto cycle, diesel cycle, and Sabati cycle by the basic cycle, and electric spark ignition by the ignition system, It is divided into compression ignition and fireball ignition, and is divided into 4 cycles and 2 cycles according to the intake and exhaust systems, and is widely recognized as the basic operating principle of gasoline engines and diesel engines.

  The above gasoline engine is also called a spark ignition internal combustion engine or a spark ignition engine that ignites using electric sparks, and mainly completes the four steps of intake, compression, ignition (expansion), and exhaust in two reciprocations of the piston. There is a 4-stroke engine and a 2-stroke engine that completes the four steps (scavenging of intake and exhaust simultaneously) in one reciprocation, both of which are short in the vicinity of the volume of the air-fuel mixture being minimized in the cylinder. This is called a constant volume combustion cycle or Otto cycle because it is performed at once in time and the combustion volume is almost constant. Its features are large output per displacement, easy operation at high speeds, low noise and vibration, and excellent quietness. Main applications are passenger cars, small commercial vehicles, motorcycles, small size Widely used in outboard motors and small work machines.

  On the other hand, a diesel engine compresses air with a piston and injects fuel into high-temperature air in a cylinder so as to self-ignite. Like a gasoline engine, there are a 4-stroke engine and a 2-stroke engine. However, in a diesel engine, the flame propagation speed is slower than that of gasoline, and a lower speed is called a diesel cycle (isobaric cycle), and a higher speed is called a Sabatate cycle (combined cycle). Diesel engines are excellent in thermal efficiency among internal combustion engines, and can be used with low-purity fuels, resulting in good fuel efficiency, but the compression ratio in the cylinder is high, and the mechanical strength of the engine is required, so the parts are heavy and bulky. In addition to the cost of parts, the loss of mechanical kinetic energy due to the weight of moving parts is also large, and the output horsepower and torque per weight are low compared to a gasoline engine, and the high horsepower is increased because high rotation is difficult. It is something that cannot be done.

  Conventionally, many proposals have been made for internal combustion engines that attempt to increase combustion efficiency by combining or improving the above-described cycle system, ignition system, and intake system. For example, a cylinder of a 4-cycle engine is provided with an opening that opens near the bottom dead center, a valve such as a rotary valve and a second intake port are provided outside the opening, and the upper part of the combustion chamber is ignited Provide a plug, set the second intake port so that air flows into the cylinder along the upper surface of the piston at the bottom dead center, and close the rotary valve so that it closes when the opening scavenging process is open Use a valve. With this configuration, air flows into the negative pressure cylinder from the second intake port along the upper surface of the piston. Then, an “internal combustion engine device” (see Patent Document 1) is proposed in which an air-fuel mixture layer is formed in the upper part of the cylinder and an air layer is formed in the lower part.

  However, in the technology, like the conventional internal combustion engine, the piston in the compression process and the intake process in the intake process are performed. In addition, the internal combustion engine of the above-mentioned “internal combustion engine device” (Patent Document 1) such as the above-described gasoline engine and diesel engine also has a rotating shaft driven by a mechanical transmission mechanism configured of a crank mechanism for the explosion / expansion energy in the cylinder. Therefore, the mechanical loss due to energy conversion is large, and in terms of thermal efficiency, it is about 20% for gasoline and only about 30% for diesel.

  Therefore, the present applicant does not obtain the explosion / expansion energy in the cylinder as in the conventional internal combustion engine as an output shaft through the crank mechanism, but the flow of gas generated by the expansion of the gas accompanying the combustion of the mixed gas. Can be used as a direct power source, how can the gas generated by the explosion and expansion generated in the internal combustion engine device be discharged more efficiently? Under the problem, the present inventors have led to the proposal of an “operating gas generator” having excellent thermal efficiency.

JP-A-7-279670

  The present invention intends to provide an apparatus for supplying a working gas to a power apparatus that generates and discharges a gas generated by an explosion of an air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine apparatus more efficiently and uses the operating gas as a power source. It is.

  The present invention is an apparatus for supplying an operating gas to an apparatus that uses an operating gas as a power source, and includes a cylinder head, a cylinder, a piston, a connecting rod, a rotating rotor, and a housing case. The head includes a fuel injector, an air injector, and a spark plug, and the cylinder includes a working gas scavenging manifold at a predetermined position at a lower portion of the side wall and a step portion at a predetermined position at the upper portion of the side wall. The shape of the piston head is formed in a gently curved surface inclined downward toward the working gas scavenging manifold, and the rotary rotor is offset by a predetermined distance in the direction opposite to the working gas scavenging manifold. In the housing case, the piston, the connecting rod, and the rotating rotor are connected to each other. Ignition is performed at a position advanced by 10 to 25 degrees from the position where the axial center position of the rotary rotor is linear near the top dead center to the explosion / expansion stroke side, and a combustion chamber forming (compression) process and an ignition process Further, the explosive / expanding stroke and the scavenging process are taken by means of a configuration in which the piston is completed in one reciprocating cycle.

  According to the working gas generator of the present invention, the explosion generated in the internal combustion engine device, not the conventional means for transmitting the explosion / expansion energy in the cylinder to the rotating shaft by the mechanical transmission mechanism constituted by the crank mechanism.・ Because the power gas due to expansion is supplied as a direct working gas, it is returned to mechanical transmission energy, which makes it possible to obtain a working gas with less mechanical loss and higher thermal efficiency than a device that drives a blower or the like. There is an excellent effect.

  Further, according to the operating gas generator according to the present invention, it is possible to supply a high-speed, high-pressure operating gas to the turbine blade and drive a turbocharger that can be supercharged regardless of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine. An excellent effect that supercharging without a turbo lag peculiar to a turbine-type turbocharger can be performed can also be achieved.

  Further, according to the working gas generator of the present invention, the fuel and the compressed air, which are electronically controlled by the fuel injector and the air injector provided above the combustion chamber, are injected. It is possible to achieve an excellent effect that the combustion efficiency can be further increased by performing delicate control from various conditions such as temperature or oxygen concentration.

  Further, according to the working gas generator according to the present invention, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber by the fuel injector provided above the combustion chamber, so that in addition to gasoline, light oil, LPG, natural gas, hydrogen, methanol, etc. As long as the fuel has a high flame propagation speed, there is an excellent effect that it can be used, and since there is no process for compressing the air-fuel mixture, there is no problem of knocking even when using fuel with a low ignition temperature. It is possible to achieve an excellent effect that no occurs.

  Further, according to the working gas generator of the present invention, since the structure does not have a structure for transmitting the explosion / expansion energy in the cylinder to the rotating shaft by the mechanical transmission mechanism constituted by the crank mechanism, the reciprocating motion is performed. Compared to gasoline engines, pistons, connecting rods, and rotating rotors that convert to rotary motion are not required to have high weight, size, rigidity, and other conditions. There is an excellent effect that the loss of can be reduced.

It is a typical section explanatory view showing the whole working gas generating device in the present invention. Example 1 It is typical sectional explanatory drawing which shows the combustion chamber formation (compression) process of the working gas generator in this invention. It is typical sectional explanatory drawing which shows the ignition process of the working gas generator in this invention. It is typical sectional explanatory drawing which shows the explosion and expansion | swelling process of the working gas generator in this invention. It is typical cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the scavenging process of the working gas generator in this invention.

  A working gas generator of the present invention is a device for supplying a working gas to a device that uses the working gas as a power source, and includes a cylinder block comprising a cylinder head, a cylinder and a housing case, a piston, and a connecting rod. And a crank transmission mechanism composed of a crankshaft (hereinafter referred to as a rotating rotor in this document), and the connecting position of the piston, connecting rod, and rotating rotor, and the axial center position of the rotating rotor are linear in the vicinity of the top dead center. Is ignited at a position advanced by 10 to 25 degrees from the position to the expansion stroke side, and the piston completes the combustion chamber formation (compression) process, ignition process, explosion / expansion process, and scavenging process in one reciprocating cycle In the following, an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing the entire working gas generator in the present invention.
The working gas generator 1 of the present invention is a device for supplying the working gas K to a device using the working gas K as a power source, and is a cylinder block comprising a cylinder head 10, a cylinder 20, and a housing case 60. And a crank transmission mechanism including a piston 30, a connecting rod 40, and a rotating rotor 50.

The combustion chamber 11 the top of the cylinder head 10, a fuel injector 1 2 for electronically controlling injecting fuel N such as gasoline in the atomized state or vaporized state, air injector 1 for electronically controlling injects compressed air E by a compressor or the like 3, in which and a spark plug 1 4 electrically ignited.

The fuel injector 1 2 is provided with a needle valve to electrically open and close the interior, the valve is sent from a fuel injection pump (high pressure fuel pump) from the injection port of the tip to open by the action of the plunger core and the electromagnet and a spring It comes a cylinder fuel injection system for electronically controlling injection measure the timing of the high pressure fuel N and air injector 1 3.

Air injectors 1 3 is provided with a needle valve to electrically open and close the interior, sent from the air compressor pump (compressor pump) from the tip of the injection port when the valve is opened by the action of the plunger core and the electromagnet and a spring This is an in-cylinder air injection device that injects high-pressure air E by electronic control.

  The cylinder 20 includes a working gas scavenging manifold 21 from which the working gas K is discharged at a predetermined position below the side wall, and a step portion 22. The fuel having a high flame propagation speed, such as gasoline or hydrogen, has an instantaneous expansion time, and the piston 30 only needs to receive sufficient downward stress due to the instantaneous pressure change to ensure a sealed state in the cylinder 20. The stroke amount only needs to have a slight step portion 22 as shown in the drawing. However, since the ignition timing is advanced in the range of 10 to 25 degrees, the clearance C is secured so that the piston head 31 does not collide with the stepped portion 22 at the actual top dead center. Needless to say. Further, as described above, the upper opening position of the internal passage of the working gas scavenging manifold 21 sufficiently receives the downward stress due to the instantaneous pressure change of the air-fuel mixture, and opens after the piston 30 starts to descend. The position of the bottom opening of the internal passage of the working gas scavenging manifold 21 is such that the piston 30 is continuously connected to the gentle inclined surface of the piston head 31 at the bottom dead center. Position to form. Although the cooling of the cylinder 20 is not shown, it is possible to use an air age or a water-cooling method using a heat sink such as a heat sink.

  The piston 30 is formed in a gently curved surface in which the shape of the piston head 31 is inclined downward toward the operating gas scavenging manifold 21 side, and is reciprocated by a crank transmission mechanism including a connecting rod 40 and a rotating rotor 50. It serves as a valve for discharging combustion gas. Since the piston 30 according to the present invention does not compress the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder 20, no compression ring is required. However, although not shown, it is also effective to provide an oil ring as necessary.

  The piston head 31 has a deformed shape of a convex head in which a so-called zenith is raised in a mountain shape, and is formed in a gentle curved surface inclined downward toward the working gas scavenging manifold 21 side. The explosion / expansion energy is guided to the operating gas scavenging manifold 21 by its gentle curved surface.

  The connecting rod 40 has a small end 41 serving as a piston pin insertion portion for connection to the piston 30 at one end, and a big end 51 serving as an insertion portion by a crank pin for connection to the rotating rotor 50 at the other end. , And serves to change the reciprocating motion of the piston 30 into a rotational motion.

  The rotary rotor 50 has a configuration similar to that of a power transmission shaft generally called a crankshaft. However, since the idea of an output shaft is strong in the name of the crankshaft, the rotary rotor 50 is used in this document as described above. The rotary rotor 50 is installed in a journal portion in the housing case 60 via a metal, a bearing, or the like. The journal portion is configured such that the shaft core 52 is offset by a predetermined distance R in the direction opposite to the operating gas scavenging manifold 21. (Such as an offset cylinder in which the conventional crankshaft is slightly shifted from the center position of the piston pin). In addition, a balance weight 51 for preventing vibration is provided on the opposite side of the outer circumferential circle connected to the connecting rod 40, and the vibration is suppressed by offsetting the inertial force related to the weight of the piston 30 and the connecting rod 40 so as to perform a linear operation. The piston 30 is changed to a smooth rotational motion. The offset amount of the predetermined distance R is a value obtained by multiplying the length M by sin 25 when the length from the axis 52 of the rotary rotor to the axis of the big end 42 of the connecting rod 40 is M. Become.

  The working gas generator 1 according to the present invention intends to use the explosion / expansion energy of the combustion chamber 11 as fluid operation energy, and the piston 30 and the connecting rod driven by a part of the explosion / expansion energy of the combustion chamber 11. The crank transmission mechanism composed of 40 and the rotary rotor 50 is not used as a power transmission mechanism, but is provided for the purpose of acting as an operating valve for guiding the operating gas K to the operating gas scavenging manifold 21. is there.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a combustion chamber forming (compression) step of the working gas generator in the present invention.
In the combustion chamber formation (compression) step, the rotary rotor 50 rotates upward due to the inertia of the explosion / expansion energy in the combustion chamber 11, and the small end 41 of the connecting rod 40 at the position of the piston pin and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary rotor 50. The piston 30 ascends toward the top dead center H until the large end 42 of the connecting rod 40 and the shaft core 52 of the rotary rotor 50 are in a straight line. This is a process in which the fuel N and the compressed air E are electronically controlled and injected by the fuel injector 11 and the air injector 12 provided in the cylinder head 10 at the timing when the combustion chamber 11 is formed to the minimum volume by closing.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing an ignition process of the working gas generator in the present invention.
In the ignition process, the combustion chamber 11 is formed to a minimum volume, the small end 41 of the connecting rod 40 at the position of the piston pin, the large end 42 of the connecting rod 40 positioned on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating rotor 50, and the axis 52 of the rotating rotor 50. This is a step in which the spark plug 14 distributed by the distributor is electrically ignited at a position where the advance angle θ is 10 to 25 degrees toward the explosion / expansion stroke side from the position where is straight.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing an explosion / expansion process of the working gas generator in the present invention.
In the explosion / expansion stroke, the working gas K exploding / expanding in the combustion chamber 11 pushes down the piston head 10 toward the bottom dead center L, and rotates the rotary rotor 50 downward with some explosion / expansion energy. It is.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a scavenging process of the working gas generator in the present invention.
In the scavenging process, the combustion chamber 11 is exploded and exhausted at the same time. The working gas K generated by the explosion and expansion energy of the combustion chamber 11 has a gentle curved surface in which the shape of the upper end portion 32 of the piston 30 is inclined downward. This is a process in which the turbine, the rotor, the propeller, the fan, the blade, the rotor, and the like that are guided and rotated scavengingly toward the working gas scavenging manifold 21 side are rotationally driven.

  The combustion cycle of the internal combustion engine configured as described above will be briefly described. The connection position of the piston 30, the connecting rod 40, and the rotary rotor 50, and the position where the axial center 52 position of the rotary rotor 50 is linear near the top dead center H. A series of combustions that are ignited at a position that is advanced by 10 to 25 degrees from the expansion stroke side to the expansion stroke side, and the explosion / expansion energy generated in the combustion chamber 11 becomes the operating gas K and is scavenged from the operating gas scavenging manifold 21 The chamber 30 is formed with a configuration in which the piston 30 completes the reciprocating cycle in the chamber forming (compression) step, the ignition step, the explosion / expansion stroke, and the scavenging step.

  Since the operating gas generator of the present invention is small, light, and has high output, it can be used as a drive source for a wind power generator, or supply high-speed and high-pressure operating gas to the turbine blades regardless of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine. It can be used in various fields, such as a turbocharger that can be supplied, a high-temperature expansion gas supply device for balloons, etc., and it is understood that the industrial applicability of the operating gas generator of the present invention is large.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Operating gas generator 10 Cylinder head 11 Combustion chamber 12 Fuel injector 13 Air injector 14 Spark plug 20 Cylinder 21 Operating gas scavenging manifold 22 Step part 30 Piston 31 Piston head 40 Connecting rod 41 Small end 42 Big end 50 Rotating rotor 51 Balance weight 52 Shaft core 60 Housing case H Top dead center L Bottom dead center C Clearance R Predetermined distance K Operating gas N Fuel E Compressed air θ Advance angle

Claims (1)

A device for supplying a working gas to a device using the working gas as a power source,
A cylinder head;
A cylinder,
A piston,
Connecting rod,
A rotating rotor,
Consisting of a housing case,
It said cylinder head is provided with a fuel injector and the air injector ignition plug,
The cylinder includes a working gas scavenging manifold at a predetermined position below the side wall and a stepped portion at a predetermined position above the side wall,
The piston is formed in a gently curved shape in which the shape of the piston head is inclined downward toward the working gas scavenging manifold side,
The rotary rotor is provided in the housing case so that an axis is offset by a predetermined distance in a direction opposite to the operating gas scavenging manifold,
Ignition is performed at a position where the connecting position of the piston, the connecting rod, and the rotary rotor, and the axial center position of the rotary rotor is a straight line near the top dead center, and advanced by 10 to 25 degrees toward the explosion / expansion stroke. ,
A working gas generator having a configuration in which the piston completes a combustion chamber formation (compression) step, an ignition step, an explosion / expansion stroke, and a scavenging step in one reciprocating cycle.