JP2000192822A - Intermittent combustion gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an intermittent combustion gas turbine causing no vibration, having a simple structure, facilitating start, and allowing the use of kerosene, light oil, and gasoline. SOLUTION: This gas turbine is constituted in such a way that several intake holes 63 provided on a bulkhead 6 which shuts off compression and combustion are blocked by a check valve 45 which is opened by compression air pressure and is closed by combustion gas pressure. Air-fuel mixture is sucked and injected by a valve shaft piston 47 on the combustion side due to opening and closing of the valve, is applied to a red heat part of an electric heating plug 43, and is ignited and exploded. Fuel from a fuel nozzle 54 is mixed into air entering from an intake hole 76. A needle valve 56 integral with a piston 73 which is linked to an air intake port 61 through a ventilation hole 55 and moves in a chamber 57 whose pressure is increased and decreased in accordance with an amount of flowing air controls fuel from the fuel nozzle 54 and controls the rotation of a shaft 33. Combustion gas is adiabatically expanded at pressure several times compressed air pressure in an annular combustion chamber 70 closed by the check valve 45, turns, and is blasted against a double flow drive blade 5 at whole periphery to rotate it and then rotate an axial flow blade.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an agricultural machine, a construction machine,
For moving vehicles, ships, etc. and generators, compressors,
As a prime mover for stationary industrial machines such as electric cogeneration systems, it is a small gas turbine that is easy to handle and has low performance, cost, fuel consumption rate, maintenance and management cost, vibration, exhaust pollution, etc. Things.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional gas turbine, air is pumped into a combustion chamber by an axial or blowing flow compressor, fuel is injected and burned, and combustion gas is blown to an axial or blowing flow turbine to generate power. Get. Therefore, it has the following disadvantages. (A) Compression and combustion are continuous, and the pressure of the compressed air and the combustion gas are the same, and the inability to raise the combustion pressure above the compression pressure is one of the reasons why the thermal efficiency cannot be increased. FIG.
reference. (B) Since the turbine on the output side is continuously exposed to high-temperature combustion gas, the temperature of the blades becomes high. This is one of the reasons why the temperature of the combustion gas cannot be increased due to the strength of the blades and the thermal efficiency cannot be increased. . (C) A conventional axial turbine in which a large number of precision blades made of a heat-resistant material are planted is complicated and expensive and cannot be made compact. In view of the above points, the gas turbine is small in size and has low thermal efficiency, and the cost is bulky and bulky due to the heat exchange device or the like that compensates for this, and it cannot be matched with the conventional reciprocating engine. A reciprocating engine performs intermittent combustion in a space closed by a piston and a valve in a cylinder. Therefore, (a) Since compression and combustion are performed in different strokes, the combustion gas pressure becomes several times the compressed air pressure, and the expansion work increases. (B) High combustion temperature can be used and high thermal efficiency can be obtained by combustion in the cooled cylinder. However, the reciprocating engine has the following problems: (a) The components such as a cylinder block, a piston, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a valve operating mechanism, and a cooling device are complicated, have many points, and are expensive. (B) Vibration from reciprocation is inevitable. (C) There are many parts that slide under high pressure, such as cylinders and pistons, crankshafts and rod metals, and valve trains, causing large mechanical losses and requiring lubricating oil for lubrication. (D) Cooling water and radiators are required for cooling. (E) Emission regulations are becoming stricter year after year around the world.

[0003]

(A) Compression and combustion are separated to make intermittent combustion in another process. (B) Increase the explosion pressure so that it does not reach the compression side. (C) To prevent abnormal explosion, only air is compressed and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. (D) The fin and axial flow drive blades sprayed with high-temperature gas are cooled on the air compression side. (E) Cooling cylinders exposed to high-temperature gas. (F) Ignition method. (G) Starting method. (H) Keep bearings away from hot gases and use grease sealed bearings. (I) Eliminates sliding parts and eliminates the need for lubricating oil. (V) Response to exhaust gas regulations. (L) The number of components is reduced and simplified, the energy required for production is reduced, and the cost is reduced.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems] (A) Compression side intake reservoir 3
And the combustion chamber 70 on the combustion side is partitioned by the partition 6. (B) One to several intake holes 63 provided in the partition 6 are closed with the check valve 45. (C) When the check valve 63 opens due to the intake pressure, the piston 4
7 opens the check valve 74 to open the air-fuel mixture,
4 is injected toward the hot red hot plug 43,
The intake air flows in from No. 3. (D) The combustion chamber 70 has an annular shape surrounded by the partition wall 6 and the cylinder 10, starts around the intake hole 63, makes a round, and ends just before the intake hole 63. Touching the glowing part of, ignite and explode. (E) The check valve 45 is closed by the explosion pressure, and the explosion pressure does not reach the compression side. (F) When the check valve 45 is closed, the air-fuel mixture is sucked into the hole 75. (G) The fuel sucked from the fuel nozzle 54 is the needle valve 5
6 is controlled. (H) The piston 73 integrated with the needle valve 56 is the chamber 5
It slides by the increase and decrease of the pressure in 7. (I) The chamber 57 has a ventilation hole 55 and a ventilation pipe 60.
To the air inlet 61 of the turbine. (V) The pressure in the chamber 57 increases and decreases according to the increase and decrease in the velocity of the air flowing through the air intake 61, and the needle valve 56 moves to control the fuel from the fuel nozzle 54. (R) On the inner periphery of the partition wall 6 and the outer periphery of the open portion of the open cylinder 4,
Keying slots are provided to escape thermal expansion and minimize gas leakage. (ヲ) The ignited and exploded combustion gas is adiabatically expanded while swirling in one direction in the closed annular combustion chamber 70, and is blown and rotated around the entire circumference on the fin drive blade 5 to rotate the axial flow drive blade 11.
Is rotated to reversely rectify the reversing axial flow vanes 16, rotate the axial flow driving vanes 18, and are guided by the air intake 61 to suck air from between the cooling fins 14 and discharge at a reduced gas temperature. . (W) The flow driving blade 5 is the flow compression blade 2 on the back side.
And the axial-flow driving blades 11 and 15 and the axial-flow reverse rectifying blade 1
6 is cooled by the axial compression blades 12 and 21 and the reversing compression blade 20 on the inner circumference, respectively, so that the combustion temperature can be set sufficiently high after waiting for intermittent combustion and the thermal efficiency is increased. (F) The bearings 35 and 37 are separated from the combustion gas and do not rise in temperature, so that grease sealed bearings can be used and no lubricating oil is required. (G) The combustion gas that has flowed out of the axial flow driving blade 11 is reversely rectified by the reverse rectifying blade 16 whose angle of attack is reversed. Since the bearing is rotatably supported by the dry bearing 23, the rotation is reversed by the rectifying resistance, and the air is reversely rectified and compressed by the reverse compression blade 20 on the inner periphery. Axis 3
When the rotation of 3 decreases due to the load, the rotation of the reverse rectifying blade 16 increases, the air compression of the reverse rectifying compression blade 20 increases, and the decrease in air compression due to the lower shaft rotation is compensated. (T) The more the pair of the axial flow driving blade and the reverse axial flow rectifying blade is stacked, the higher the output is, and the higher the fuel consumption is. (D) To start, the knob 64 is pulled, the needle valve 67 is opened, and the air stored in the air tank 65 is blown against the flow drive blade 5 to rotate. Coil 3 wound around iron core 31 by magnet 29 while rotating by inertia force of flywheel 32 or the like
The tip of the electric hot-plug 43 is red-heated by the electricity generated to zero, the check valve 45 is opened by the intake pressure, and the injected air-fuel mixture touches the red-hot part, ignites and explodes to start. (S) After the start, the high-pressure combustion gas is injected into the air tank 65 and can be used for the next start. Air injection is only initial and refilling. (X) A cooling fin 14 is provided on the cylinder 10 and is covered with a cover 15, and air is sucked into the exhaust gas jet to be cooled. (D) Bearing 3 that rotatably supports shaft 33 on cover 1
Grease seals 5 and 37 are used, and a dry bearing 23 is used to rotatably support the reverse rectifying vane 16 without using any lubricating oil. (4) The components are simple and have a small number of components. Most of the components can be made by aluminum die-casting or press molding, and require less energy than conventional gas turbines and reciprocating engines of the same output.

[0005]

The operation of the present invention will be described. (A) When the knob 64 is pulled, the compressed air in the air tank 65 blows against the flow drive blade 5 to rotate the shaft 33. When the air pressure is insufficient, air is injected from the air hole 71 with an air pump to supplement the pressure. The shaft 33 continues to rotate for a while due to the inertia of the flywheel 32 and each of the keyed impellers, and generates electric power to heat the electric hot-plug. (B) The pressure of the intake reservoir 3 rises due to the rotation of the compression blade of the fin flow or the axial flow, the check valve 45 is pushed open, and air flows into the combustion chamber 70. (C) When the check valve 45 is opened, the air-fuel mixture in the hole 75 is pushed by the piston 47 and passes through the discharge hole 49 to push the check valve 74 open. Injected to. (D) The combustion chamber 70 starts around the intake hole 63, forms an annular shape surrounded by the partition wall 6 and the cylinder 10, makes a round and ends before the intake hole 63, and the inflow intake air and the injected fuel flow in one direction. It touches the red hot part of the electric plug 43 protruding downstream and ignites and explodes. (E) Pushed by the pressure of the combustion gas, the check valve 45 closes,
The gas pressure does not reach the compression blade. (F) When the check valve 45 is closed, the air-fuel mixture is sucked into the hole 75 by pushing the check valve 50 open with the piston 47. (G) The fuel from the fuel nozzle 54 is controlled by the needle valve 56. (H) The piston 73 integral with the needle valve 56 is
It is pushed by a spring 58 in 7 and moves. The rotation of the shaft 33 goes up,
When the flow rate of the intake air flowing through the air intake 61 increases, the pressure decreases, and the chamber 5 is formed through the ventilation pipe 60 and the ventilation hole 55.
7, the piston 73 moves against the spring 58, the needle valve 56 restricts the fuel from the fuel nozzle 54, and stops the rotation of the shaft 33 from rising. (I) Since the combustion gas is a wall surrounding the intake hole 63, the combustion gas swirls in the annular combustion chamber 70 in one direction, blows the agitating blade 5 over the entire circumference while adiabatically expanding, turns stiffness, and further rotates the axial flow. The drive blade 11 is turned, the reverse rotation rectification is performed by the reverse rotation rectification blade 16, and the axial flow drive blade 18 is rotated. (V) Since the angle of attack of the reverse rotation rectification blade 16 is opposite, the combustion gas is rectified by this, and the reverse rotation compression blade 20 on the inner circumference is reversely rotated to rectify and compress the intake air. When the load is applied to the shaft 33 and the rotation is reduced, the rotation of the reversing blade is increased, and the pumping of the intake air is increased to prevent the output from lowering. The output increases as the number of pairs of forward and reverse axial flow blades increases, and the thermal efficiency improves. (L) When the shaft 33 rotates at the start, the magnet 29 rotates, and the coil 30 wound around the iron core 31 generates electric power, and the tip of the electric plug 43 to which one end of the coil is connected is glowed red. When the red heat is insufficient, air is refilled by pressurizing air from the air hole 71 and the knob 64 is pulled again. (ヲ) Finally, when the combustion gas is exhausted, air is sucked and cooled from between the cooling fins 14 of the cylinder 10 covered with the cover 15.

[0006]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (A) A battery can be used for the red heat of the electric hot-plug 43 at the time of starting, but it takes time and cost to manage the battery. (B) In order to start with battery and cell motor, shaft 3
A speed-increasing device that turns 3 at high speed is required. It is advantageous to blow high-pressure air to the blades with an electric compressor. (C) Fuel is kerosene, but light oil and gasoline can also be used. (D) Power can be taken out from both the flywheel 32 and the shaft 33 tip.

[0007]

(A) The present invention relates to an intake reservoir 3 and a combustion chamber 70.
Are separated by the partition wall 6, the check valve 45 is closed by the explosion pressure in the combustion chamber 70, the pressure becomes several times the explosion pressure, the work amount is increased by that amount, and the thermal efficiency is increased. See FIG. (B) The combustion gas is first blown to the fin-driven blade 5
Since power corresponding to several stages of axial flow driving blades is generated, the total number of blades can be reduced. (C) The combustion gas that has flowed out of the flow drive blade 5 is rectified by the reverse rectifying blade 16 having the opposite angle of attack, is reversed by the rectifying resistance, reverses the reverse compression blade 20 on the inner circumference, and rectifies and compresses the intake air. When a load is applied to the shaft 33 and the rotation is reduced, the reverse rectifying blade 16 is rotated.
As a result, the rotation of the reverse compression blade 20 increases to compensate for a decrease in output. (D) Since the air-fuel mixture is injected only when the check valve 45 is opened, there is no waste of fuel and the fuel consumption rate is improved. (E) Since the fuel is injected after mixing with air, atomization is good. Ignition depends on the red heat of the electric hot-plug 43 instead of electric spark, so kerosene, light oil and gasoline can be used. (F) Each axial flow blade is partitioned by rings 13, 17, and 19, and the combustion gas flows outside and the intake air flows inside. Since the blades are made of a single plate, the inner compression blades cool the outer axial flow blades, so that the combustion temperature can be increased and the thermal efficiency can be increased. (G) The cylinder 10 exposed to the high-temperature gas is provided with a cooling fin 14, which is covered with a cover 15 and sucks air into the jetting combustion gas to cool it. (H) The bearings 35 and 37 use grease sealed bearings. (I) The check valve 45 is closed by the explosion pressure, and the combustion gas swirls in the closed annular combustion chamber 70, adiabatically expands, and is blown to the fin-driven blade 5 all around, and then to the axial-flow blade. Spraying, the temperature and the pressure decrease, the pressure in the intake reservoir 3 increases, the push-up valve 45 is opened and the ignition explosion is repeated. Because of this intermittent combustion, the combustion temperature and pressure can be increased to increase the thermal efficiency, and the combustion interval is slow, but the shaft 33 rotates tens of thousands of revolutions per minute, resulting in a small high output. (U) Consisting of only rotary motion, compact with no vibration, no batteries, lubricating oil or cooling water, and easy maintenance.
Also, the components are simple and small, and the cost is low.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial front sectional view of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a PV diagram of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 cover 21 axial flow compression blade 41
Spring stopper washer 2 Flow compression blade 22 Boss 42
Valve spring 3 Intake reservoir 23 Dry bearing 43
Electric heat plug 4 Open cylinder 24 Distance collar 44
Injection hole 5 Rinse drive blade 25 Boss 45
Check valve 6 Partition wall 26 Key 46
Spring 7 key 27 Taper collar 47
Piston 8 Boss 28 Nut 48
Check valve 9 Prop 29 Magnet 49
Discharge valve 10 Cylinder 30 Coil 50
Check valve 11 Axial drive blade 31 Iron core 51
Fuel supply bracket 12 Axial compression blade 32 Flywheel 52
Check valve 13 Ring 33 Shaft 53
Spring 14 Cooling fin 34 Screw 54
Fuel nozzle 15 Cowling 35 Bearing 55
Vent hole 16 Reverse rectifying vane 36 Retaining ring 56
Needle valve 17 Ring 37 Bearing 57
Chamber 18 Axial drive blade 38 Cap 58
Spring 19 Ring 39 Valve stem 59
Needle valve 20 Reverse compression blade 40 Taper piece 60
Ventilation pipe 61 Air intake 71 Air hole 62 Needle valve lever 72 Check valve 63 Intake hole 73 Piston 64 Knob 74 Check valve 65 Air tank 75 Hole 66 Spring 76 Suction hole 67 Needle valve 68 Pores 69 Vent hole 70 Combustion chamber

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] December 11, 1998 (1998.12.
11)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All figures

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG.

FIG. 2

FIG. 3

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A partition 6 partitions a gas turbine between an air compression side and a combustion side. (B) One or several intake holes 63 are provided in the partition wall 6 and closed with the check valve 45. (C) The valve shaft 39 on the intake side of the check valve 45 is pulled by the spring 42. The combustion-side valve shaft is inserted as a piston 47 into a hole 75 provided in the wall of the combustion chamber 70. (D) The check valve shaft 48 is inserted into the hole of the shaft of the piston 47, pressed by the spring 46, and the suction valve 76 is closed by the check valve 50 at the tip. (E) The fuel nozzle 54 is protruded from the suction hole 76. (F) The needle valve 56 is provided to face the fuel nozzle 54. (G) The piston 73 integral with the needle valve 56 is placed in the chamber 5
7, and is pushed by a spring 58. (H) The chamber 57 is provided with the ventilation hole 55 and the ventilation pipe 60.
To connect to the air inlet 61 of the turbine. (I) A discharge hole 49 is provided diagonally from the tip of the hole 75 and closed by a check valve 74. The rear end of the check valve 74 forms the injection hole 44 and faces the direction of the glowing portion 43 of the electric hot-plug. The hole leading to the chamber 57 is closed with a needle valve 59 with a screw and the lever 62 is used to close the needle valve 59. Open and close. Intermittent combustion gas turbine with fuel injection and rotation control structure configured as above (2) The shaft 33 is rotatably held by bearings 35 and 37 held on the cover 1,
5 and 37 are stopped with two retaining rings 36. (B) The boss 8 of the flow turbine that flows past the bearing 37
Is fixed to the shaft 33 with the key 7. (C) The boss 22 of the reverse commutation turbine is rotatably held on the distance collar 24 via the dry bearing 23. (D) The boss 25 of the axial flow turbine is fixed to the shaft 33 via the key 26. (E) Tighten with the nut 28 via the taper collar 27. The intermittent combustion gas turbine equipped with the shaft support, the fin flow, the axial flow, and the reverse rectification device configured as described above. (3) One sheet metal is press-formed to form an axial drive blade 11 on the outer periphery and an axial compression blade 12 on the inner periphery. It is screwed into the open cylinder 4 of the fin turbine through a ring 13 for separating the combustion gas and air. (B) One sheet metal is press-formed to form a reverse rectifying vane 16 whose outer periphery has an opposite angle of attack and a reverse rectifying compressor blade 20 whose inner periphery has an opposite angle of attack. The ring 17 for separating the combustion gas and the air is riveted from both sides. The boss 22 is riveted to the center from both sides. It is rotatably held by a distance collar 24 inserted into a shaft 33 via a dry bearing 23. Reverse rectification of combustion gas,
The driving force reversely rectifies and compresses the air on the inner circumference. (C) One sheet metal is press-formed, and the outer circumference is used as the axial drive blade 18 and the inner circumference is used as the axial compression blade 21. The ring 19 for separating the combustion gas and the air is riveted from both sides. At the center, the boss 25 is riveted from both sides. The boss 25 is fixed to the shaft 33 with the key 26. It is tightened to the shaft 33 with the nut 28 via the taper collar 27. (D) The output increases as the combination of b and c is added,
Fuel consumption is improved. The intermittent combustion gas turbine having the axial flow and reverse commutation axial flow structure configured as described above.