JPH11103664A - Production of culture medium containing coffee extract residue as main raw material and used for edible mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce the subject culture medium retaining sufficient air permeability in a large amount without generating heating irregularity by heating and kneading culture raw materials containing coffee extract residues and substances as nutritive sources for mushrooms in specific amounts, respectively, and having a water content of a specified value or larger in specific conditions. SOLUTION: This method for producing a culture medium comprises heating and kneading culture raw materials containing 60-97% of coffee extract residues and 3-25% of substances as nutritive sources for the mushrooms and having a water content of >=60% by the use of an extruder at a culture medium temperature of 60-90 deg.C for >=60 sec. The edible mushroom includes the genus Pleurotus mushroom as the most hopeful mushroom.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a medium for edible mushrooms, and more particularly to a method for producing a medium for edible mushrooms using coffee grounds as a main material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the production of coffee beverages has increased due to the spread of packaged beverages, and as a result, a large amount of coffee grounds has been generated. The coffee grounds is a residue remaining after the roasted coffee beans are ground and water is added to extract the coffee. As a method of reusing coffee extract cake as a useful resource, recently, a method of using coffee extract cake as a part of a raw material of a culture medium for edible mushrooms has been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-103193
In the gazette, in the culture medium of mushrooms for cultivating mushrooms using cultivation bottles, at least a part of the medium raw material uses coffee extract residue after fermentation or coffee extract residue that has been fermented earlier with a fermenting agent. Has been proposed. The cultivation bottle filled with the medium material containing the coffee extract cake fermented in this manner is put in a high-pressure pot at a temperature of 120 ° C. for 40 minutes in a sealed state, sterilized, cooled, and used for inoculation and culture of edible mushrooms.

[0003]

When coffee grounds is used as the main raw material of the culture medium, the yield of rice bran is greatly increased when rice bran or the like is added as a nutrient source of mushrooms for enrichment. As the amount of addition increases, the particles of the coffee grounds adhere to each other to reduce the voids, impairing the air permeability of the culture medium, and thus reducing the yield of mushrooms.

Further, the conventional method cannot sterilize a cultivation bottle filled with a medium under high temperature and high pressure, so that mass production cannot be performed. Not suitable for To solve this problem, it is conceivable to transfer the raw materials of the culture medium to a cultivation bottle after sterilizing the raw materials in a high-pressure kettle by the batch method.However, it takes a long time to heat up to the center of the culture medium. This causes uneven heating, which causes uneven heating, and for this reason, there is a problem that the yield of mushrooms is reduced.

The present invention has been made in view of the problem of the above-mentioned conventional method for producing a culture medium using coffee grounds as a raw material. Even if the amount of a nutrient source such as rice bran is increased, the wood invention is added. Sufficient air permeability is maintained, and by uniform heating without uneven heating,
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a medium for edible mushrooms, which is mainly made of coffee grounds and is suitable for mass production without causing a decrease in mushroom yield.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have conducted research and experiments, and as a result, have found that coffee extract cake is used as a main raw material, which is used as a nutrient source of rice bran and the like. If the added culture medium material with a water content of 60% or more is heated and kneaded by an extruder under specific limited temperature conditions, unexpectedly, the culture medium discharged from the extruder has a more porous tissue than before treatment. The present inventors have found that a medium that changes into a textured and granular structure and has excellent air permeability and water retention is formed, and that the yield of mushrooms cultured in this medium is significantly increased, and the present invention has been achieved.

That is, the method of the present invention for producing a medium for edible mushrooms using coffee grounds as a main material, which achieves the above objects, comprises 60-97% of ground coffee grounds and 3-25% of a nutrient source of mushrooms. A medium material having a water content of 60% or more is extruded at a medium temperature of 60-9.
It is characterized by kneading while heating at 0 ° C. for 60 seconds or more. Here, the medium temperature means the temperature of the medium material measured at the discharge port of the extruder. All percentages used in this specification are% by weight.

[0008] In the method of the present invention, the coffee grounds is used as a main raw material for mass processing of the ground coffee grounds. Therefore, in the present invention, the coffee grounds accounts for 60 to 97% of the medium. The water content of the culture medium material is a very important condition for the growth of mushrooms. Table 1 shows heat treatment conditions and oyster mushroom cultivation results using an extruder.
As shown in Table 2, when the water content is less than 60%, the fruit body of the mushroom does not grow sufficiently and the yield of the mushroom cannot be increased.

[0009]

[Table 1]

In the method of the present invention, as described above,
The coffee grounds is used as the main raw material of the culture medium.
It was found that the mushroom yield was significantly increased when added to account for 5%. As a substance serving as a nutrient source of mushrooms, rice bran, bran, oil cake, soybean meal, persimmon seed cake, corn bran, okara, and flour are preferable.
One or more species are selected and added to the medium. The appropriate amount of the nutrient source for the mushroom is 3-25%.
If the addition amount is less than 3%, the effect of increasing the yield of mushrooms will not be remarkable, and if it exceeds 25%, the permeability of the culture medium will deteriorate,
Bacterial contamination is more likely to occur and mushroom yield is reduced. Rice bran is a particularly preferred source of nutrients for mushrooms because it is easily and easily available in large quantities.

When the raw material of the culture medium is treated with an extruder, it is necessary to knead the mixture while heating at a medium temperature of 60 to 90 ° C. for 60 seconds or more. If the medium temperature is lower than 60 ° C., a sufficient bactericidal effect cannot be obtained, and the yield of mushrooms is also low. On the other hand, when the temperature of the medium exceeds 90 ° C., the medium is overheated and shows signs of carbonization, which is not good. If the heating time is less than 60 seconds, the bactericidal effect is sharply reduced.

According to the heat treatment by the extruder, the culture medium is kneaded in a narrow space between the screw of the extruder and the inner wall of the barrel, so that the heating is performed uniformly and uneven heating does not occur. No reduction in mushroom yield occurs.

[0013] Further, the raw material medium is kneaded by the extruder, and is discharged in the form of a sheet through a narrow space between the screw of the extruder and the inner wall of the barrel. As a result, the raw material discharged from the extruder is unprocessed. The structure changes to a porous and granular structure as compared with the above, and the air permeability is remarkably improved. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the aeration of the culture medium from being impaired and the yield from being reduced when the amount of the substance serving as a nutrient source such as rice bran in the medium raw material is increased.

As the extruder, a single-screw type or a twin-screw type can be used. However, in the case of a single-screw type, if the water content is large, the culture material does not move forward with the screw around the screw. A two-axis type is preferable because a situation easily occurs.

In addition, the extruder can granulate the medium into pellets in an integrated operation following the sterilization process, which is extremely efficient, and can use an existing extruder, and a new apparatus can be used. There is an advantage that the production cost of the medium can be reduced because there is no need to make it.

As a result of research and experiments by the wood inventors, the most suitable edible mushroom to which the edible mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention is applied is Pleurotus.
It turned out to be a mushroom.

The coffee grounds mainly consists of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, while Pleurotus belongs to white rot fungi having a unique ability to degrade them simultaneously. As for mushrooms of Pleurotus, Pleu
rotus ostreatus), Pleurotus cornucopiae (Pleurotus cornucopiae)
van citrinopileatus), Pleurotuspulm
onarius) and eryngii (Pleurotus eryngii). Oyster mushroom is an edible mushroom whose flavor is excellent and its consumption is expanding worldwide, and the production of Oyster mushrooms in the world has grown rapidly in recent years, and now it is the second largest in the world after mushrooms, overtaking Shiitake is there. The brown matter produced when roasting coffee beans, as well as having the ability to decompose and assimilate lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in coffee grounds at the same time as oyster mushrooms, which are favored by the world and whose production is increasing rapidly, Humic acid in which sugars and proteins are denatured and combined with phenolic substances is an excellent nutrient source for Pleurotus.

This opens the way to process a large amount of coffee extract refuse by using the coffee extract refuse as a medium for cultivating oyster mushrooms. That is why the method is most likely to be applied.

Further, since the oyster mushroom is biodegraded and converted into biomolecules of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose polymers of coffee grounds, the waste medium after cultivating and harvesting the oyster mushroom is as follows. It is easily decomposed by other organisms and can be reused as feed, fertilizer, papermaking raw material, mushroom cultivation medium, soil improver, single cell protein, deodorant, enzyme agent, and the like.

As described above, Oyster mushroom is the most suitable mushroom to which the edible mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention is applied. However, the method according to the present invention has a yield less than that of oyster mushroom, but enokitake and shiitake mushrooms. It can also be applied to the cultivation of edible mushrooms other than the genus Oyster, such as Maitake. However, these edible mushrooms other than Oyster mushrooms degrade cellulose and hemicellulose well, but their ability to decompose lignin and humic acid is remarkably inferior to that of Oyster mushrooms. The potential for re-use in applications is much lower than for Pleurotus.

Although the composition of the medium is important for the culture of mushrooms, the pH of the medium is more important for the smooth progress of metabolism. As a result of experiments on Oyster mushroom, the optimum pH is shown in Table 2. 6.5 to 7.0, indicating that the maximum yield was obtained in this pH range. The pH of the medium was controlled by the production of oxalic acid.
It is believed that the initial pH of 5-7.0 will eventually drop to 5.1-5.3, thus preventing bacterial contamination.

[0022]

[Table 2]

After inoculating the target edible mushroom inoculum into the medium produced by the above method, the mushrooms are cultured under necessary culture conditions according to the type of edible mushroom to induce the primordium and to form fruiting bodies. Let them do it and harvest the mushrooms.

[0024]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. An example of an apparatus for performing the method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a culture medium manufacturing apparatus, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an extruder.

The culture medium producing apparatus 1 includes a hopper 2 for loading a culture medium material, a feeder 3 composed of a screw conveyor provided in communication with a lower end of the hopper 2, and a single-shaft type or a single-axial type disposed below the screw feeder 3. The extruder 4 includes a twin-screw extruder 4 and a cooling device 7 having a loading port 6 at one end located downstream of the raw material discharge port 5 of the extruder 4.

The extruder 4 is a single-screw type extruder as shown in FIG.
As shown in the sectional view of FIG. 1, a cylindrical barrel 1 having a raw material loading port 8 formed at one end and a raw material discharge port 5 formed at the other end.
0, a screw 11 is provided, and a cylindrical electric heater 12 is mounted on the outer periphery of the barrel 10. The extruder screw shape, extrusion speed, pressure, etc. are not particularly limited. In the examples described below, a single-screw extruder was used. The length L of the screw 11 from the raw material loading port of the extruder 4 to the tip of the screw was 450 mm, and the diameter of the screw shaft was 17 mm.
mm and the screw pitch P was 20 mm.

The cooling device 7 is composed of a screw conveyor, and a discharge port 15 is formed at the end opposite to the loading port 6, and water or cold air is supplied around the screw conveyor so that the medium can be cooled to 30%. Cool to below ° C. An inoculum supply device 16 is provided in communication with an end of the cooling device 7 immediately before the discharge port 15, and is configured to automatically inoculate the culture medium discharged from the discharge port 15 with the inoculum 17. . The medium inoculated with the inoculum is filled in a container 19 which is sequentially conveyed by a belt conveyor 18 provided downstream of the discharge port 15 and is conveyed to the culture room.

[0028]

EXAMPLE Coffee coffee grounds was ordered from a coffee beverage manufacturing plant, immediately dried to prevent spoilage, and stored tightly with a water content of 10%.

To 5 kg (dry weight) of the coffee grounds, 1 kg (dry weight) of rice bran, 100 g of calcium carbonate and 200 g of calcium sulfate were added, and tap water was added thereto to adjust the water content to 65%.

A culture medium was produced by processing this culture medium raw material by the above-mentioned medium production apparatus. The relationship between the set temperature of the extruder 4 and the temperature of the culture medium measured at the extruder outlet 5 is as shown in Table 3.

[0031]

[Table 3]

The set temperature of the extruder 4 is 60 ° C. and 1
The heating temperature is variously changed between 50 ° C. and the heating time is 6
Table 4 shows the results of examining the relationship between the heating temperature and the yield of oyster mushrooms when cultivating oyster mushrooms in a medium manufactured at a constant time of 0 second as Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

[0033]

[Table 4]

As is apparent from Table 4, the higher the set temperature, the sooner the primordium is induced, indicating a tendency to increase the yield. Especially set temperature 1
It shows that there is a remarkable difference in yield between 00 ° C (medium temperature 65 ° C) and set temperature 80 ° C (medium temperature 55 ° C).

The extruder temperature is set to 100.
Table 5 shows the results of examining the relationship between the heating time and the yield of Oyster mushroom when the heating time was variously changed between 25 seconds and 164 seconds while the temperature was kept constant at 0 ° C. as Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
Shown in

[0036]

[Table 5]

From Table 5, it can be seen that when the heating time is less than 60 seconds, the yield of oyster mushrooms decreases significantly. Also, when Table 4 and Table 5 are taken into consideration, it can be seen that the sterilization effect is increased by increasing the heating time at a constant set temperature, rather than increasing the set temperature with a constant heating time.

Further, the same medium material as described above was placed in a high pressure kettle for 9 hours.
Oyster mushrooms were cultured on the medium prepared by heat sterilization at 5 ° C. for 30 minutes under the same conditions as described above.
The yield per day was 12%, indicating that the yield of the medium produced by the method of the present invention was significantly higher.

Next, the yield of oyster mushrooms was examined when the amount of rice bran added to the coffee grounds in the medium was varied from 1: 0 to 3: 1. The processing conditions by the extruder were a set temperature of 120 ° C. and a heating time of 60 seconds. The results are shown in Table 6 as Examples 7 to 10 and Comparative Example 5. The optimum ratio of the coffee extracted grounds to the rice bran was 6: 1 or 4: 1 in terms of dry matter.

[0040]

[Table 6]

The heating time by the extruder was set to 60 seconds, and the set temperatures were 100 ° C., 110 ° C., 120 ° C.,
Examples 11 to 14 show the survival rates of bacteria and the growth of hyphae of the genus Pleurotus genus when heating the culture medium at 130 ° C.
Table 7 shows, as Comparative Example 6, the survival rate of the bacterium when the medium material was kept at room temperature without being subjected to the extruder treatment.

[0042]

[Table 7]

From Table 7, it can be seen that cultivation of oyster mushrooms at a set temperature of 100 ° C. or higher, eryngii at 110 ° C. or higher, stalk mushrooms at 120 ° C. or higher, and all oyster mushrooms at 130 ° C. or higher are possible.

[0044]

As described above, according to the present invention, a medium raw material having a water content of 60% or more and containing 60 to 97% of coffee grounds and 3 to 25% of a substance serving as a nutrient source of mushrooms is extruded by the extruder. By kneading while heating at a temperature of 60 to 90 ° C. for 60 seconds or more, sufficient air permeability is maintained even if the amount of a substance serving as a nutrient source such as rice bran is increased, and uniform heating is not caused. By performing the appropriate heating, it is possible to provide a method for producing an edible mushroom culture medium using coffee extracted grounds as a main raw material, which is suitable for mass production without causing a risk of a decrease in mushroom yield.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an apparatus used for a production method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an extruder in the apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 4 Extruder 5 Discharge port 7 Cooling device 10 Barrel 11 Screw 12 Electric motor

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A water content 60 containing 60-97% of coffee grounds and 3-25% of a nutrient source of mushrooms.
% Or more of the culture material is extruded into the culture medium at a temperature of 6%.
A method for producing a medium for Mushroom mushrooms, comprising coffee grounds as a main material, wherein the medium is heated and kneaded at 0 to 90 ° C. for 60 seconds or more. 2. The edible mushroom is of the genus Pleurotus
The method for producing a medium for edible mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein