JPH1077784A - Tunnel excavator and tunnel excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method, by which work in a chamber is eliminated and safety is improved when the excavator is switched between a muddy water pressurizing system and a non- pressurizing system with the change of soil quality, the systems are easily changed and a short construction period, a lower construction cost and less labor are achieved. SOLUTION: A tunnel excavator has a controller 15a for a water feed pump 15, which is provided with a first control signal making means for a muddy water pressurizing system and a second control signal making means to perform drilling while controlling a water level in a hopper 10. A sensor such as a water pressure meter 25 detects a water pressure signal in a chamber 5 or a water level signal in the hopper, as separate or common water pressure signal(s), to be conveyed to the first and second control signal making means. A suction pump 21 carries sediment in the hopper 10, together with water, through a mud discharge pipe 18 to the outside of a partition wall. In the muddy water pressurizing system, mud discharge is performed while bypassing the suction pipe 21.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation method and a tunnel excavator for excavating a face with a cutter disk, accumulating excavated earth and sand in a hopper, and excavating the accumulated earth and sand together with water to the outside of a partition wall. In particular, the present invention relates to a method that is used when excavating geology without collapsing and geology with collapsing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a tunnel excavator that can be used for both non-collapseable geology and collapsible geology, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-623.
No. 8 discloses a structure shown in FIGS. 6 to 8. For excavating non-collapseable face,
As shown in a longitudinal sectional view of the tunnel excavator of FIG. 6, a partially enlarged view of FIG. 7A, and a horizontal sectional view of FIG. A hopper 77 provided in a chamber 74 between the partition wall 72 and the partition wall 73 has a detachable front frame 77a, and a jet pump 80 provided with a valve 78 and a suction port 79 for earth and sand on the upper surface. A U-shaped pipe 81 is provided between the tip of the water pipe 75 in the hopper 77 and the mud pipe 82, and a part of the water from the water pipe 75 is supplied to the water pipe 75. Is supplied into the chamber 74 by an amount determined by an opening of a valve 84 of a branch pipe 83 branched upward from the valve and an opening of a valve 78 provided in the U-shaped pipe 81. Jet from the nozzle 80a of the jet pump 80 Negative pressure is generated by the negative pressure, Haidorokan digging soil 86 with water from the suction port 79 of the hopper rear of intake 85 and the jet pump 80 8
Discharge through 2.

On the other hand, when excavating a collapsed geological face, as shown in FIGS. 7C and 8, the U-shaped pipe 81 is removed, and the end of the water pipe 75 is blind-plugged. 88
The suction pipe 89 is connected to the end of the drain pipe 82, the valve 84 is opened, and pressurized water from the water supply pipe 75 is supplied into the chamber 74 through the branch pipe 83, and the face 90
Excavation is carried out with a water pressure corresponding to the hydrostatic pressure applied.

[0004]

In this known tunnel excavator, as shown in FIG. 6, a jet pump system under non-collapsed geology, and as shown in FIG. It is necessary to perform attachment / detachment of the front frame 77a of the hopper 77 and attachment / detachment of the U-shaped pipe 81, blind plug 88, and suction pipe 89 between the muddy water pressurization method.

[0005] Such an attaching / detaching operation is an operation in the chamber 74, and requires an extension of work period and labor.
There is a problem in that the entire construction cost increases, and this leads to a significant increase in cost, especially under the so-called alternate geology where the geology changes frequently.

In any case, it is necessary to perform these recombination operations in the chamber 74, and it is necessary to ensure safety during the operation. It is indispensable to perform ground improvement or the like by injecting a curing agent before performing the above, which causes a problem that the construction period is further extended and labor is increased.

Furthermore, since the jet pump 80 is used, if the nozzle 80a is clogged, disassembling and restoring operations are required, which also increases the construction period and the cost.

[0008] In view of the above problems, the present invention eliminates the work in the chamber when the excavator system is switched between the muddy water pressurizing system and the non-pressurizing system due to the change in geology. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method capable of improving safety, easily changing a method, shortening a construction period, reducing construction cost and labor.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A tunnel excavator according to the present invention accumulates a chamber formed between a cutter disk and a partition wall and sediment provided in the chamber and excavated by rotation of the cutter disk. A hopper, and a water supply device having a water supply pump for supplying water into the hopper, and a control device for the water supply pump, the amount of water supplied by the water supply pump when the pressurized water is supplied into the chamber to perform excavation. Control signal generating means for generating a signal for controlling water supply, and second control signal generating means for generating a signal for controlling a water supply amount of the water supply pump when performing excavation while controlling a water level in the hopper. A sensor for detecting a water pressure signal in the chamber or a water level signal in the hopper to be transmitted to the first and second control means separately or as a common water pressure signal; The sediment is characterized in that a suction pump to discharge through the waste sludge tube bulkhead outside together with water (claim 1).

Further, the tunnel excavator of the present invention is characterized in that a bypass pipe is provided in the suction pump, and a valve for selecting communication between the pilot pipe and the suction pump and a cutoff pipe is provided. (Claim 2).

Further, the tunnel excavator according to the present invention is characterized in that the sensor detects a water pressure at the bottom of the hopper, and is used as a water pressure gauge which is also used as a means for detecting the water pressure in the chamber and a means for detecting the water level in the hopper. (Claim 3).

According to the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, water is supplied by a water supply device into a chamber between a cutter disk and a partition wall, and excavated earth and sand excavated by rotation of the cutter disk are collected in a hopper, and excavated earth and sand in the hopper are excavated. When draining water together with water through a mud pipe, a suction pump and its bypass pipe are installed in the drain pipe, and when excavating a collapsible geological face, the bypass pipe of the suction pump should be installed. Open and close the suction pump line, perform excavation by filling the chamber with pressurized water, and when excavating a non-collapseable geological face, close the bypass line and remove the suction pump pipe. While opening a path, the earth and sand containing earth and sand is discharged from the hopper by a suction pump together with water while maintaining the water level in the hopper ( Motomeko 4).

[0013]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the control signal generating means of the water pump is used for the muddy water pressurizing method (first control signal generating means) and the control signal generating means is used for the muddy water non-pressurizing method. (Second control signal generating means), and the first pressure is set to a predetermined pressure based on the in-chamber water pressure signal obtained from the sensor under the collapsed geology. The water supply pump is controlled by the control signal generation means, and the water supply pump is controlled by the second control signal generation means so that the water level becomes a predetermined level based on the water level signal obtained from the sensor under geology without collapse. I do.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the case of the muddy water pressurizing method, the suction pump is stopped, and water (drainage) containing earth and sand is conveyed through the bypass pipe line, and the muddy water is not pressurized. In the case of (1), the mud is sucked by the suction pump.

In the tunnel excavator of the third aspect, the water pressure gauge is used not only for detecting the water pressure signal in the chamber in the muddy water pressurizing method but also for detecting the water level signal in the muddy water non-pressurizing method.

[0016] In the tunnel excavation method of claim 4,
In the muddy water pressurization method, stop the suction pump,
The mud is conveyed through a bypass pipe, and in the non-pressurized muddy water system, the mud is sucked and conveyed by a suction pump.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a structural view showing an embodiment of a tunnel excavator according to the present invention in a state in which the tunnel excavator is operated by a muddy water pressurizing method, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE of FIG. 2A, and FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating a state in which the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment is operated in a muddy water non-pressurized manner.

1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical excavator body made of a steel material, 2 denotes a partition, and 3 denotes a cutter disk provided with a cutter seal 4 in front of the partition 2 so as to be rotatable. A chamber 5 is formed between the cutter disk 3 and the partition 2. Cutter 3 for cutter disk 3
a and the bucket 3b are attached. A drive motor 6, which is a hydraulic motor for rotating the cutter disk 3, is mounted on the left and right sides of the partition 2, and its output gear 7 meshes with an internal gear 8 concentric with the cutter disk 3, and the drive motor 6 operates. Thus, the cutter disk 3 is rotated.

In the chamber 5, a hopper 10 fixed to the partition wall 2 to accumulate excavated earth and sand by the cutter disk 3 is provided.
Is provided. Reference numeral 11 denotes a water supply device for supplying water into the hopper 10. The water supply device 11 includes a water supply tank 12, a water supply pipe 14, a water supply pump 15, and an on-off valve 17 shown in FIG. The water pipe 14 penetrates through the partition wall 2, and the water inlet 13 is disposed rearward at the front bottom inside the hopper 10.

A drain pipe 18 discharges excavated earth and sand in the hopper 10 together with water to the outside of the partition wall 2. A suction port 19 of the drain pipe 18 is provided in the hopper 10 and the water inlet 13 is provided in the hopper 10. Are provided to face each other. The drainage pipe 18 is provided with an opening / closing valve 28 and a suction pump 21 driven by an inverter motor 20.

A crusher 22, a tank 23 and a sludge pump 24 are sequentially arranged on the discharge side of the suction pump 21, and are connected to each other by sludge pipes 18a to 18c. Is connected to a processing unit 29 on the ground. Numeral 30 denotes a water pump 1 when the operation is interrupted when the operation is performed by using the muddy water pressurization method.
5 is operated, and the water pipe 14 and the drain pipe 18
Is a bypass line provided in the bypass line 30, and one end of the bypass line 30 is provided with an open / close valve 17 in the water supply pipe 14.
And the other end thereof is connected to the downstream side of the on-off valve 28 of the exhaust pipe 18.

Reference numeral 25 denotes a chamber 5 in the case of a muddy water pressurizing method.
A water pressure gauge that functions as a water pressure detection sensor in the inside, and also functions as a water level detection sensor in the hopper 10 in the case of the muddy water non-pressurizing method, and the water pressure gauge 25 is provided at the bottom of the hopper 10,
A signal cable 26 for transmitting the detection signal of the water pressure gauge 25 is connected to the control device 15a of the water pump 15.

FIG. 4A is a configuration diagram showing a control system of the water supply pump 15, and the water supply pump 15 includes an electric motor 15b.
By changing the speed of the electric motor 5b or changing the capacity of the water supply pump 15 to discharge water per time t of the water supply pump 15 (water supply amount).
Can be changed. In the present embodiment, an example is shown in which the amount of water supplied by the water supply pump 15 is changed by changing the speed of the electric motor 15b by changing the drive current from the drive circuit 35.

The control device 15a of the water pump 15 includes the drive circuit 35 and a first control signal generating means 3 for a muddy water pressurization system for generating a control signal to the drive circuit 35.
3 and second control signal generating means 34 for the non-pressurized muddy water system
And a switch 32 for switching the transmission destination of the output signal of the water pressure gauge 25 between these control signal generating means 33 and 34. These control signal generating means 33 and 34 may be constituted by an electronic circuit or may be realized by a computer operation. In the case of using a computer, the switch 32 can be configured to perform an operation equivalent to switching by input from a keyboard or the like.

FIG. 4 (D) shows the water pressure P detected by the water pressure gauge 25 and the water pressure P and the water supply amount Q / in the case of the first control signal generating means 33 and the case of the second control signal generating means 34. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between the water supply amount and the water supply amount when the water pressure is higher than a water pressure P1 corresponding to a target water level, and when the water pressure P is lower than the water pressure P1, the water supply amount is reduced. Control the water flow to increase,
In the case of the muddy water pressurization method, by controlling the water supply amount such that the water supply amount is reduced when the water pressure becomes higher than the target water pressure P2, and the water supply amount is increased when the water pressure P becomes lower than the water pressure P2. Is maintained at a predetermined level.

As a signal creation method by the control signal creation means, as shown in FIG. 4B, for example, a coefficient device for converting the output of the water pressure gauge 25 is used as the second control signal creation means 37, and the water pressure gauge 25 is used. Is multiplied by a coefficient k that satisfies P2 = k × P1 to match the input signal of the first control signal generation means 36, and only the control curve A of FIG. The water supply pump 16 may be controlled.

As shown in FIG. 4C, dedicated water pressure gauges 25A and 25B are provided for the muddy water pressurizing method and the muddy water non-pressurizing method, respectively. In addition to the control signal creation means 39 and the second control signal creation means 40, control according to the control curves A and B in FIG. 4D can be performed.
As shown in FIG. 4C, two water pressure gauges 25A and 25B
Is provided, as shown in FIG. 4B, the detection signal may be matched by multiplying the coefficient of the output signal of one of the water pressure gauges. If necessary, the output signal of the water pressure gauge 25 or 25A, 25B is sent to the control device of the suction pump 21 via the signal cable 41 to control the suction pump 21, as shown in FIGS. To control the amount of water discharged from the suction pump 21. In this case, control is performed such that the higher the water pressure or water level, the larger the drainage amount of the suction pump 21.

The operation of the tunnel excavator is performed as follows. [In the case of muddy water pressurization method]: First, with the open / close valve 17 opened and the open / close valve 31 of the bypass pipe 30 closed, the water pump 15 is operated to pressurize the inside of the chamber 5 as shown in FIG. When the water pressure in the chamber 5 reaches the set pressure P2 in FIG. 4D, the drive motor 6 is operated to start excavation, and the open / close valve 2 is opened.
8, the suction pump 21 is operated, and the hopper 1 is opened.
The water in 0 is sucked together with the excavated earth and sand 27 and discharged from the drainage pipe 18. During this operation, the switch 32 is set to the state shown in FIG. 4A, and the first control signal generating means 33 drives the motor 15b in accordance with the control curve A in FIG. Is maintained at the hydrostatic pressure of the ground or a set pressure P2 slightly higher than the hydrostatic pressure.

The excavated earth and sand 27 rests on the bucket 3b, and is periodically rotated by the rotation of the cutter disk 3.
It falls to 0 and is accumulated. The accumulated sediment is transferred to the water pipe 1
4 together with the water 16 previously supplied into the hopper 10, and is sucked by the rotational force of the rotating suction pump 21. The sucked earth and sand is sent to the crusher 22,
After being processed by the crusher 22, it is sent to the tank 23.
The earth and sand sent from the tank 23 is discharged to the processing device 29 by the mud pump 24, and the water returns to the water supply tank 12.

In this muddy water pressurization method, when excavation is interrupted, the open / close valve 31 of the bypass pipe 30 is opened,
The opening / closing valves 17 and 28 are closed, the face 9 is held at a constant pressure to stabilize the face 9, and the water supply pump 15 and the suction pump 21 are operated to circulate the water. The mud pipes 18, 18a-18d are filled with water. And the opening and closing valves 17, 2
When the excavation is restarted by opening the opening 8 and closing the on-off valve 31, since the water is filled in the water pipe 14, the chamber 5
The supply of water into the interior is not interrupted, so that the face 9 is prevented from collapsing due to a decrease in the pressure in the chamber 5 when resuming. [In case of non-pressurized muddy water]: switch 32 in FIG. 4 (A)
Is switched to the second control signal generating means 32 side, and first, only the opening and closing valve 17 is opened, and the water in the water supply tank 12 is sent to the hopper 10 through the water supply pipe 14 by the operation of the water supply pump 15. As shown in FIG. 3, when the water level L in the hopper 10 rises to some extent, the opening / closing valve 28
Is opened and the suction pump 21 is operated. When the water level L rises, the opening / closing valve 28 is opened, and the suction pump 21 is rotated by the operation of the inverter motor 20. The water pump 15 is controlled by the signal generated by the second control signal generating means 34 so that the detected pressure of the water pressure gauge 25 is maintained at the set pressure P1 according to the control curve B of FIG. Drive so that the water level is maintained.

In such a state, the cutter disk 3 is rotated by the operation of the drive motor 6, and the cutter 3 a excavates the face 9. The excavated earth and sand 27 is treated in the same manner as in the case of the muddy water pressurization method.

As described above, the mud is drained not by the jet pump but by the suction pump, and the operation control of the water supply pump 15 based on the detection signal of the sensor such as the water pressure gauge 25 is performed by the muddy water pressurizing method and the muddy water non-pressurizing method. By changing with
When switching from the muddy water non-pressurizing method to the muddy water pressurizing method, since there is no need for the worker to enter the chamber 5 and perform the work of exchanging parts, and the worker does not need to enter the chamber 5 to work. It is not necessary to improve the geology of the face 9.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a suction pipe 21 is provided with a bypass pipe 42 and valves 28 and 43 for shutting off communication between the pilot pipe 42 and the pipe of the suction pump 21 are provided. It is a thing. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, in the case of the muddy water non-pressurizing method in which excavation is performed while maintaining the water level L in the hopper 10 at a predetermined level, the open / close valve 28 is opened and the open / close valve 43 is opened.
Is closed and the muddy water is sucked by the suction pump 21.
On the other hand, in the case of the muddy water pressurization method, the on-off valve 28 is closed, the on-off valve 43 is opened, and the mud is discharged by the flow force due to the pressure of the water in the chamber 5 through the bypass pipe 42.

As described above, in the case of the muddy water pressurizing method, the muddy water is discharged by the flow of the water pressurized by the water supply pump 15, and if the suction by the suction pump 21 is eliminated, the suction of the muddy water by the suction pump 21 causes the chamber 5 to be discharged. The pressure fluctuation occurring in the inside is reduced, and the control of the water pressure becomes easy.

The water level L in the hopper 10 and the chamber 5
The control of the internal water pressure may be performed by returning the tank 23 to the hopper 10 or controlling the amount of bypass by adjusting the opening of the on-off valve 31 of the bypass pipe 30.
As a means for detecting the water level L in the hopper 10, a float or the like may be used. However, the use of the water pressure gauge 25 substantially eliminates a movable portion, makes it easy to attach, and hardly breaks. Further, by using the water pressure gauge 25 for both the muddy water pressurizing method and the muddy water non-pressurizing method, the number of components including the number of the signal cables 26 and 41 can be reduced.

[0036]

According to the first aspect, the jet pump is not provided in the chamber, and the mud in the case of the non-pressurized muddy water can be controlled by the water level control and the suction pump. When the excavator system is switched between pressurized and non-pressurized systems due to the change, it is not necessary for an operator to enter the chamber, and the safety of the operator can be achieved.

In addition, there is no need for replacement work due to the change in the excavator system, and it is not necessary to improve the geology of the face for working in the chamber, so that the construction cost and labor involved in the change in the excavator system are reduced. Is done.

Further, since the excavator system can be easily changed,
For a wide range of geology from hard rock to soft ground, a single excavator can handle a wide range of soils, and there is no need to prepare a plurality of excavators of different types according to the geology, so that economy can be achieved.

In a conventional apparatus using a nozzle,
The clogging causes problems such as labor and extension of work period for disassembling and restoring the hopper and the like, and requires a complicated device below the hopper.In the present invention, however, there is no problem of nozzle clogging, and Also has a simple structure.

When a nozzle is used, its application to a small-diameter tunnel excavator is limited due to its transport function. However, according to the present invention, a small- to medium-diameter tunnel excavator can be controlled by controlling the amount of water supplied and discharged. The range of application can be extended to excavators. Further, by expanding the applicable range, it is not necessary to change the construction method according to the size of the bore.

According to the second and fourth aspects, in the muddy water pressurization method, the suction pump is stopped, so that the water pressure in the chamber can be easily maintained, and the water pressure can be maintained stably and accurately.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the water pressure gauge is also used as a water level detecting means in the case of the muddy water non-pressurizing method and as a water pressure detecting means in the case of the muddy water pressurizing method, so that the number of parts can be reduced. The water pressure gauge has the advantage that it is easy to install and hardly damaged.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a tunnel excavator according to the present invention in an operation state using a muddy water pressurization method.

FIG. 2A is a longitudinal sectional view of the excavator according to the embodiment, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a tunnel excavator according to the present invention in an operation state using a muddy water non-pressurizing method.

4 (A) to 4 (C) are configuration diagrams each showing a configuration example of a control device of the water pump, and FIG. 4 (D) is a control characteristic diagram of the water pump.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the tunnel excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an operation state of a conventional tunnel excavator using a muddy water non-pressurizing method.

7A is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 6, FIG. 7B is a horizontal sectional view of a part of FIG. 6, and FIG.

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an operation state of a conventional tunnel excavator by a muddy water pressurization method.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: Excavator body, 2: Partition wall, 3: Cutter disk, 4:
Cutter seal, 5: chamber, 6: drive motor, 7:
Output gear, 8: internal gear, 9: face, 10: hopper, 1
1: water supply device, 12: water supply tank, 14: water supply pipe, 1
5: water pump, 15a: control device, 15b: electric motor, 16: water, 17, 28, 31, 43: open / close valve
18: mud pipe, 20: inverter motor, 21: suction pump, 22: crusher, 23: tank, 24:
Sludge pump, 25, 25A, 25B: water pressure gauge (sensor), 26, 41: signal cable, 27: excavated soil, 2
9: processing device, 30, 42: bypass line, 32: switch, 33, 36, 39: first control signal generating means, 3
4, 37, 40: second control signal generating means, 35: drive circuit

Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Yasuaki Ishikawa 650, Kandachicho, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Tsuchiura Plant (72) Inventor Masaaki Miki 2-6-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo (72) Ryoichi Arita Inventor 7-9, Yoshino-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka Sankei Stock Company In-house

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A chamber formed between a cutter disk and a partition wall, a hopper provided in the chamber for accumulating earth and sand excavated by rotation of the cutter disk, and a water supply for supplying water into the hopper. A water supply device having a pump, a first control signal for generating a signal for controlling a water supply amount of the water supply pump when excavating by supplying pressurized water into the chamber to the control device of the water supply pump. Generating means, and second control signal generating means for generating a signal for controlling a water supply amount of the water supply pump when excavating while controlling the water level in the hopper, wherein the first and second controls are provided. A sensor for detecting the water pressure signal in the chamber or the water level signal in the hopper to be transmitted to the signal generating means separately or as a common water pressure signal, and a mud pipe outside the bulkhead together with the water in the hopper together with the water. Tunneling machine, characterized in that a suction pump for unloading through. 2. The suction pump according to claim 1, wherein a bypass pipe is provided in the suction pump.
A tunnel excavator comprising a valve for selecting communication between the pilot pipe and a suction pump and a mud pipe, and a shutoff valve. 3. The water pressure gauge according to claim 1, wherein the sensor detects a water pressure at a bottom of the hopper, and serves as a means for detecting the water pressure in the chamber and a means for detecting the water level in the hopper. Tunnel excavator. 4. Water is supplied by a water supply device into a chamber between the cutter disk and the partition wall, and the earth and sand excavated by the rotation of the cutter disk is accumulated in a hopper. When draining through, a suction pump and its bypass pipe are installed in the drainage pipe, and when excavating a collapsible geological face, open the bypass pipe of the suction pump and open the suction pump. Close the pipeline, perform excavation by filling the chamber with pressurized water, and when excavating a non-collapseable geological face, close the bypass pipeline, open the suction pump pipeline, A tunnel excavation method characterized by discharging earth and sand containing sediment together with water from a hopper by a suction pump while maintaining a water level in the hopper.