JP2002213185A - Mud discharging apparatus, tunnel excavator, and tunnel excavating method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mud discharging apparatus, a tunnel excavator, and a tunnel excavating method, wherein continuous tunnel excavating work can be executed by the single tunnel excavator irrespective of the type of ground to be excavated. SOLUTION: According to the tunnel excavator and tunnel excavating method, the type of ground to be excavated is estimated, based on an operating stroke and operating oil pressure of a rear gripper 25. When the ground to be excavated is hard ground, a propelling means is formed of a telescopic jack 23, a lining member is formed of a support, and a mud discharging channel is formed of a negative-pressure type mud feeding/discharging line, respectively. On the other hand, when the ground to be excavated is soft ground, the propelling means is formed of a shield jack 26, the lining member a segment, and the mud discharging channel a positive-pressure type mud feeding/discharging line, respectively.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mud discharging apparatus for discharging earth and sand generated by tunnel excavation, and a tunnel excavator and a drilling method using the mud discharging apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Tunnel excavators that excavate the ground to construct a tunnel include tunnel boring machines that excavate rocks to excavate and form tunnels, and shield excavators that excavate soft ground to excavate and form tunnels. There is.

[0003] In this tunnel boring machine, a cylindrical front body and a rear body are elastically connected to each other.
A thrust jack is installed between the front and rear trunks,
A front rotatable cutter head is rotatably mounted on the front part of the front body, and a front gripper is mounted thereon, while a rear gripper is mounted on the rear body.
Therefore, when the thrust jack is extended while rotating the cutter head while the rear gripper is pressed against the wall surface of the existing tunnel and the rear trunk is held in position, the front trunk gains excavation reaction force from the rear trunk, and moves forward. The roller cutter provided in the crusher breaks the rock in front, and the erector device attaches the support to the tunnel wall to construct the tunnel.

On the other hand, in a shield excavator, a cylindrical front body and a rear body are elastically connected to each other, and a center bending jack is provided between the front body and the rear body. A rotatable cutter head is rotatably mounted on the section, while a plurality of shield jacks are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction on the rear trunk, and an erector device is mounted. Therefore, when the shield jack is extended while rotating the cutter head, the cutter jack moves forward due to the reaction force against the segment assembled on the wall of the existing tunnel, and the cutter bit provided on the cutter head excavates the ground in front, The tunnel is constructed by the erector device assembling the segments on the tunnel wall.

[0005]

According to the tunnel boring machine and the shield excavator described above, a tunnel boring machine is applied to a rock layer where the ground is hard and is not affected by flooding, depending on the type of excavated ground, and the ground is soft and flooded. In the soft stratum where the impact is affected, the shield excavator is used properly. By the way, in one tunnel construction section, there is a ground where a bedrock layer and a soft layer exist. in this case,
Since one of the excavators cannot handle this, the tunnel construction section was divided into a rock section and a soft section, and a shaft was excavated for each section, and excavation adapted to the ground in each section The aircraft was brought in and handled. for that reason,
The excavation work of the shaft and the carry-in work of the excavator are required for each construction section, and there is a problem that the work period is long and the workability is not good.

[0006] Also, even in the construction section of the divided bedrock layer, a soft layer may be partially mixed, and in this case, a shield excavator must be applied. for that reason,
Even if it is not necessary to perform the water stoppage treatment in the construction section of the bedrock layer, there is a problem that the segment must be assembled through the construction section for a part of the soft layer, and the construction cost increases.

The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and it is possible to improve the workability by enabling continuous tunnel excavation work with one excavator regardless of the type of excavation ground. It is an object to provide an apparatus, a tunnel excavator and an excavation method.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sludge discharging apparatus for discharging earth and sand generated by tunnel excavation, wherein the earth and sand in a cutter chamber is removed. A first sludge line for sucking and discharging sludge, a second sludge line for feeding water into the cutter chamber to discharge sludge, and a drain for switching between the first sludge line and the second sludge line. And a mud line switching means.

A tunnel excavator according to a second aspect of the present invention is configured such that an excavator body comprising a front body and a rear body which are formed in a tubular shape and are extendably connected to each other, and which can be driven and rotated by a front portion of the front body. And a propulsion jack installed between the front trunk and the rear trunk, and the front trunk disposed at the front trunk and pressed against the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel to maintain the position of the front trunk. A front gripper, a rear gripper disposed on the rear body and pressing the inner wall of the existing tunnel to hold the rear body in position, and a rear gripper mounted on the rear body and receiving a reaction force from an existing segment to perform the excavation. A shield jack for propelling the machine body, a first sludge line for sucking earth and sand in the cutter chamber to discharge sludge, a second sludge line for feeding water into the cutter chamber to discharge sludge, 1 sludge line and the second sludge lathe Is characterized in that comprises the discharge mud line switching means for switching between a down.

In the tunnel excavator according to the third aspect of the present invention, an operating pressure detecting means is mounted on the front gripper or the gripper jack of the rear gripper, and the sludge line switching means detects the operation pressure detected by the operating pressure detecting means. The first sludge line and the second sludge line are switched based on the following.

Further, in the tunnel excavator according to the present invention, a stroke detecting means is mounted on the gripper jack of the front gripper or the rear gripper,
The sludge line switching means switches between the first sludge line and the second sludge line based on the detection result of the stroke detecting means.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavation method for estimating a self-sustained state of a ground, and when the ground is self-sustained, excavates by obtaining a reaction force from a rear gripper while driving and rotating a cutter head. By excavating the ground in front by advancing the machine body, and sucking the earth and sand in the cutter chamber to perform mud removal, when the ground is not self-supporting, the cutter head is driven and rotated to rotate from the existing segment. The excavator body is moved forward by obtaining a reaction force to excavate the ground in front of the excavator, and water is supplied into the cutter chamber to discharge mud.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an outline of a tunnel excavator to which a sludge discharging apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment.

In the tunnel excavator of this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavator main body is composed of a front body 11 and a rear body 12 each having a cylindrical shape.
The front end of the rear body 12 is fitted to the rear end of the first body 1 via a seal mechanism 13. A disk-shaped cutter head 14 is rotatably mounted on the front part of the front body 11, and the cutter head 14 excavates soft ground with a large number of disc cutters 15 and scrapers (not shown) for breaking rock. A cutter bit (not shown) is fixed. A ring gear 16 having internal teeth is integrally fixed to a rear portion of the cutter head 14, while a plurality of cutter turning motors 17 are fixed to the front body 11, and a driving gear 18 of the cutter turning motor 17 is provided. It is in mesh with the ring gear 16. In addition, a bulkhead 19 is formed in the front body 11 so that shear generated by excavation does not enter inside, and a chamber 20 is formed between the cutter head 14 and the bulkhead 19. A hopper 21 for accumulating the shears is provided in the chamber 20.
In the lower part of the bed, a waste sludge device 2 that discharges accumulated waste to the outside
2 are connected.

Accordingly, when the cutter turning motor 17 is driven to rotate the drive gear 18, the ring gear 16 meshed with the drive gear 18 is rotated, and the cutter head 14 integrated with the ring gear 16 is turned. At this time, by pressing the cutter head 14 against the excavated ground together with the front trunk 11,
The roller cutter 15 or cutter bit can excavate the ground. In this case, by periodically changing the rotation direction of the cutter turning motor 17 to the opposite direction, the front body 11 that co-rotates with the cutter head 14 can be returned to its original state, or the cutter bit can be selectively used to reduce unevenness in wear. To prevent Then, the shear generated by the excavation is accumulated in the hopper 21 of the chamber 20 from the opening of the cutter head 14, and is discharged to the outside by the feeding and discharging device 22.

The front trunk 11 and the rear trunk 12 are bendable via the above-described sealing mechanism 13 and are slidably connected back and forth, with four telescopic jacks 2 therebetween.
3 are installed. The telescopic jack 23 is operated to expand and contract by the supply and discharge of hydraulic pressure.
1 and the rear body 12 can be slid back and forth to change the relative position, and by changing each operation stroke of each telescopic jack 23, the front body 11 having the cutter head 14 with respect to the rear body 12 can be moved. It can bend and change its digging direction. At this time, the fitting portion between the front body 11 and the rear body 12 is prevented from being flooded by the seal mechanism 13.

Further, four front grippers 24 are mounted on the front body 11 at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and each front gripper 24 moves the gripper shoe in the radial direction by a built-in hydraulic jack (not shown). The front body 11 can be held in position by extending the gripper shoe outward and pressing against the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel. On the other hand, the rear body 12 has eight rear grippers 2.
5 are mounted at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and each rear gripper 25 can radially move the gripper shoe by a built-in hydraulic jack (not shown). By pressing against the inner wall surface, the rear trunk 12 can be held in position.

Further, a plurality of shield jacks 26 are arranged in a circumferential direction at a rear portion of the rear trunk 12, and when the shield jacks 26 are operated to extend the drive rod rearward in the digging direction, the spreader 27 is moved. It is pressed against the existing segment constructed on the inner peripheral surface of the excavated tunnel, and the front body 11 and the rear body 12 can be advanced by the reaction force. A swivel ring 28 is rotatably supported by a swing motor (not shown) at the rear of the rear body 12, and an erector device 29 for attaching a segment (or support) to the inner wall surface of the tunnel is mounted on the swivel ring 28. I have.

In the feeding and discharging device 22, a lower end of the hopper 21 is connected to a front end of a discharging pipe 31 through a receiving opening 21a, and a front portion of the discharging opening 21a is not shown. A jet nozzle is formed, and a throat portion is formed at the rear. On the other hand, a jet pump 33 is mounted on the mud feed pipe 32 and communicates with the chamber 20 via an operation valve 34, and branches to form a mud discharge pipe 3 via an operation valve 35.
1 is connected to the front end. Therefore, when the operation valve 34 is opened and the operation valve 35 is closed, when water is supplied from the mud pipe 32 to the chamber 20, the inside of the chamber 20 is filled with muddy water to have a positive pressure, and this muddy water is supplied to the hopper. By being pushed out to the mud drain pipe 31 via 21, the shear can be discharged through this mud pipe 31. On the other hand, the operation valve 34
Is closed and the operating valve 35 is opened, when high-pressure water is sent to the lower part of the hopper 21 by the jet pump 33, high-pressure water is injected into the throat portion of the mud pipe 32, and this injected water is depressurized. As a result, a negative pressure is generated, and the shear in the hopper 21 can be sucked and discharged through the mud discharge pipe 31 by the negative pressure.

A crusher 37 is connected to the downstream side of the exhaust pipe 31 via an operation valve 36, and further connected to a steam separation tank 39 via an operation valve 38. The crusher 37 crushes the rock mass or the rock pieces transported in the exhaust pipe 31 so as to be easily transported. The steam-water separation tank 39 is for temporarily storing rocks, rock pieces, earth and sand, carrier water, spring water, dust, and the like conveyed in the exhaust pipe 31. Pump 4
By operating the vacuum pump 41 and opening the operation valve 40, the excess air taken into the steam separator tank 39 together with the air is sucked and discharged, and the inside of the tank 39 is set to the atmospheric pressure. The pressure can be reduced below. Therefore, by eliminating the air mixed in the shear, air does not enter the centrifugal discharge pump 44 of the rear discharge pipe 42 to be described later, thereby preventing cavitation. Is reduced to the atmospheric pressure or less, the sheared water that has been pushed down the inside of the exhaust pipe 31 by the jet water of the jet pump 33 can be sucked to prevent blockage.

Further, the above-mentioned discharge pipe 42 is connected to the steam separation tank 39, and a plurality of operation valves 43, a discharge pump 44, and a flow meter 45 are mounted on the discharge pipe 42. Is connected to a separation facility 46 that separates the rock into rock blocks, rock fragments, earth and sand, and water. Accordingly, each of the discharge pumps 44 transfers the shears stored in the steam separator tank 39 to the discharge pipe 4.
2 can be discharged to the separation equipment 46. At this time, the flow meter 45 measures the discharge amount of the discharge pipe 42 and outputs a flow signal to the discharge pump 44 so that the discharge amount is maintained at the set value. Can be controlled. On the other hand, the sludge pipe 31
An operation valve 38, a water / water separation tank 39, and a bypass pipe 47 that bypasses the operation valve 43 are connected to the discharge pipe 42, and an operation valve 48 is mounted on the bypass pipe 47.

The separation equipment 46 separates the waste conveyed through the discharge pipe 42 into rock pieces, earth and sand, and water. The rock pieces and earth and sand are treated by a processing facility (not shown), and the water is supplied through a water supply pipe 49. It is fed to the adjustment tank 50 via the control unit.
A water supply pipe 51 is connected to the adjusting tank 50, and a plurality of operation valves 52 and a mud supply pump 53 are mounted on the water supply pipe 51, and are connected to the mud feed pipe 32.

The operation valve 54 branches off from the mud feed pipe 32 and
Is connected to the crusher 37, and when water is insufficient, the operation valve 54 is opened and water can be supplied to the crusher 37 by the bypass pipe 55.
Similarly, bypass pipes 58 and 59 having operation valves 56 and 57 are provided between the discharge pipe 42 and the water supply pipe 51.

A water level gauge (not shown) is provided in the above-mentioned steam-water separation tank 39. The water level gauge detects the water level of the internal shear and outputs the stored amount to the mud pump 53 as a storage signal for control. are doing. Further, the vacuum pump 41 also outputs the negative pressure signal to the mud pump 53. Therefore, the mud pump 53 controls the amount of water supplied from the adjusting tank 50 based on the storage signal in the water / water separation tank 39 from the water level gauge and the negative pressure signal from the vacuum pump 41.

In the tunnel excavator of this embodiment configured as described above, the propulsion means, lining member,
The mud discharging route can be selectively switched. Therefore, in each rear gripper 25 mounted on the rear body 12, the hydraulic jack is connected to a hydraulic supply / discharge source via a switching valve, and the control device switches the switching valve to apply hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic jack. The hydraulic jack is connected to a pressure transmitter (operating pressure detecting means) for detecting the pressure at which the gripper shoe presses the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel. A flow meter (stroke detecting means) for detecting the operation stroke of the shoe is connected.

Accordingly, the control unit receives the operating oil pressures of all the rear grippers 25 from the pressure transmitter, and the control unit controls the opening and closing of each switching valve based on the actual operating oil pressure. Position can be properly balanced. In addition, the operation strokes of all the rear grippers 25 are input to the control device from the flow meter, and the control device estimates the type of excavated ground based on the actual operation stroke, that is, the operation stroke is within the limit value. If there is, the ground is determined to be a hard ground such as a bedrock that is in an independent state, and if the operation stroke exceeds the limit value, it is determined that the ground is a soft ground that is not in an independent state.

In this case, the control device determines the operating pressure of the rear gripper 25 input from the pressure transmitter.
If the actual operating oil pressure is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, it may be determined that the ground is a hard ground such as a rock, and if the operating oil pressure does not exceed a predetermined value, it may be determined that the ground is soft. Further, the determination may be made using a coefficient based on the operation stroke and the operation oil pressure of the rear gripper 25. Also, the determination may be made based on the propulsion state of the excavator body by visual determination of the operator.

When it is determined whether the excavated ground is hard ground or soft ground, the propulsion means is selectively used from the telescopic jack 23 and the shield jack 26, and the lining member is selectively used from the support and the segment. The sludge path is selectively used from a negative pressure type feeding and discharging line (first sludge line) and a positive pressure type feeding and discharging line (second sludge line).

Hereinafter, the tunnel excavation work by the tunnel excavator according to the above-described embodiment will be specifically described.

As shown in FIG. 2, the rear gripper 25 of the rear trunk 12 is operated to press the gripper shoe against the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel, thereby holding the rear trunk 12 immovably.
At this time, it is determined whether the operation stroke of the gripper jack is within the limit value, and if it is within the limit value, it is determined that the excavated ground is hard rock. That is, since the excavated ground is hard rock, the propulsion means is the telescopic jack 23, the lining member is a support, and the drainage path is a negative pressure type feed / discharge line (jet pump 33, steam-water separation tank 39, etc.). Operating line).

Then, with the position of the rear body 12 being held, the respective telescopic jacks 23 are extended while rotating the cutter head 14 by the cutter turning motor 17 to extend the front body 11.
To move forward. Then, the turning cutter head 1
The roller cutter 15 and cutter bit 4 excavate the ground in front. When the telescopic jack 23 is extended by a predetermined stroke, the driving thereof is stopped, and the gripper shoe of the front gripper 24 is pressed against the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel to hold the front body 11 immovably, while the gripper shoe of the rear gripper 25 is moved to the rear body. 12 to accommodate the rear trunk 12
Is movable. In this state, the telescopic jack 23
Is contracted, the rear trunk 12 is drawn forward with respect to the front trunk 11. Then, the rear gripper 25 again holds the rear trunk 12 immovable, while the front gripper 2
4 to release the position of the front body 11 to make it movable. In this state, the telescopic jack 23 is extended and the cutter head 14 is moved forward together with the front trunk 11 while the cutter head 14 is driven to rotate, and the cutter head 14 excavates the ground in front. Then, along with this excavation work, the erector device 29 assembles supports to the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel.

On the other hand, the shear generated by excavation of the roller cutter 15 and the cutter bit is taken into the chamber 20 and discharged to the outside by the feeding and discharging device 22. That is,
As shown in FIG. 1, the operation valve 34 of the mud pipe 32, the operation valve 48 of the drain pipe 31, and the operation valves 54, 56, 57 of the bypass pipes 55, 58, 59 are closed, while the mud pipe 32 is closed. Operation valves 35, 52 and operation valves 36, 38, 4 of the exhaust pipe 31
0, 43 are released, and the jet pump 33 and the mud pump 5
3. Operate the sludge pump 44 and the vacuum pump 41. Then, the shear accumulated in the hopper 21 is taken into the intake opening 21a.
Is sucked by the high-pressure water supplied through the mud feed pipe 32 by the jet pump 33, and the sucked shear flows on the water stream to the crusher 37.

The crusher 37 is finely crushed so that the shears can be easily carried out, and carried out to a steam-water separation tank 39.
In this air / water separation tank 39, air is mixed together with the shear by the jet pump 33, but the surplus air is sucked and discharged by the vacuum pump 41, so that the air / water separation tank 39 is discharged.
The air does not enter the sludge pump 44 of the discharge pipe 42 that discharges the inside of the inside, so that the occurrence of cavitation can be prevented. Further, the inside of the water / water separation tank 39 is depressurized to the atmospheric pressure or less by the vacuum pump 41, whereby the water discharged from the jet pump 33 causes
The shed that has been swept away inside is forcibly sucked and discharged to the steam separator tank 39, so that the obstruction of the exhaust pipe 31 can be prevented.

While the water level in the steam-water separation tank 39 is kept constant, the internal shear is discharged to the discharge pipe 42,
The sludge pump 44 receives a signal from the flow meter 45 and discharges a constant flow rate. The discharged waste is conveyed to the separation equipment 46 through the discharge pipe 42, the waste is separated into rock pieces, earth and sand, and water, and the water is stored in the regulating tank 50 as water supply, while the rock pieces and earth and sand are separated from the other. Is transported to the processing equipment and processed.
Then, the water in the adjustment tank 50 is supplied to the mud pipe 32 by the mud pump 53.

The tunnel is continuously excavated in this manner. If the operation stroke of the gripper jack is not within the limit value during the excavation operation, the excavated ground changes from hard rock to soft ground. Judge. That is, since the excavated ground is soft ground, the propelling means is changed from the telescopic jack 23 to the shield jack 26, the lining member is changed from the support to the segment, and the mud discharging route is changed from the negative pressure type feeding and discharging mud line to the positive pressure type feeding and discharging line. (Non-operation lines such as the jet pump 33 and the water / water separation tank 39).

That is, first, the segments are assembled in a ring shape by the erector device 29 so as to be continuous with the existing shoring, and the excavating reaction force is received from the existing segments. Then, when the existing segment is assembled in a ring shape, the shield jack 26 is extended and the spreader 27 is pressed against the existing segment while driving the cutter turning motor 17 to rotate the cutter head 14, thereby reducing the excavation reaction force. Then, the front trunk 11 and the rear trunk 12 are integrally propelled. When the shield jack 26 is extended by a predetermined stroke, the shield jack 26 is contracted one by one, and a new segment is assembled by the erector device 29 into a space formed between the spreader 27 and the existing segment.

On the other hand, in the mud feed / discharge device 22, the operation valve 35 of the mud feed pipe 32 and the operation valves 38 and 43 of the mud discharge pipe 31 are closed, while the operation valve 34 of the mud feed pipe 32 and the The operation valve 48 is opened, and the jet pump 33 and the vacuum pump 41 are opened.
To stop. Then, the inside of the chamber 20 is filled with muddy water by supplying water from the mud feeding pipe 32 to the inside of the chamber 20 to have a positive pressure, and this muddy water is pushed out to the mud discharging pipe 31 via the hopper 21 together with shear. Then, the shear is removed from the mud pipe 31 by the crusher 3.
7, is carried out to the discharge pipe 42 via the bypass pipe 47, is conveyed to the separation equipment 46 by the sludge pump 44, and the water in the adjusting tank 50 is discharged by the mud pump 53 to the sludge pipe 32.
Supplied to

As described above, in the present embodiment, the type of excavated ground is estimated based on the operating stroke or operating oil pressure of the rear gripper 25. If the excavated ground is hard ground, the propulsion means is replaced with the telescopic jack 23, On the other hand, in the case of soft ground, the propulsion means is a shield jack 26, the lining member is a segment, and the sludge path is a positive pressure type sludge line. I am trying to do it.

Therefore, regardless of the type of excavated ground, whether it is rock or soft ground, continuous tunnel excavation can be performed with a single tunnel excavator, and the tunnel excavation period is reduced to a plurality of construction sections for each type of excavated ground. This eliminates the need for excavating many shafts and carrying in excavators, thereby shortening the work period and improving work efficiency. Also, even if rock and soft ground are mixed in one construction section, continuous tunnel excavation work can be performed.Support works should be installed in the construction section of the rock layer, and segments should be assembled only in the construction section of the soft layer. And construction costs can be reduced.

Further, by using the jet pump 33 and the steam separator tank 39 in the negative pressure type feed / discharge line, the shear generated by the excavation can be easily and efficiently discharged, and the air mixed in the shear can be reliably separated. To prevent cavitation and blockage of the pipe.

FIG. 3 shows an outline of a tunnel excavator to which a sludge discharging apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention is applied. Note that members having the same functions as those described in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

The configuration of the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment described above, but differs from the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, in the feeding and discharging device 61, the front end of the discharging pipe 62 is connected to the hopper 21 via the operation valve 63,
A branch discharge pipe 64 is connected to the chamber 20 via an operation valve 65. On the other hand, it communicates with the chamber 20 via a mud feed pipe 66 operating valve 67. A crusher 68 is connected to the downstream side of the exhaust pipe 62, and further connected to a receiver tank 70 via an operation valve 69. The receiver tank 70 is for temporarily storing rocks, rock pieces, earth and sand, carrier water, spring water, dust, and the like transported in the mud pipe 62, and is connected to a vacuum pump 72 via a filter 71. By operating the vacuum pump 72, the pressure inside the receiver tank 70 can be reduced to the atmospheric pressure or less, and the shear in the hopper 21 can be sucked.

A screw conveyor 73 is provided below the receiver tank 70, and a discharge pipe 42 is connected to the screw conveyor 73, and a plurality of operation valves 43 and a discharge pump 44 are connected to the discharge pipe 42. A total 45 is mounted, and is connected to a separation facility 46 for separating the unloading pipe 42 into rock blocks, rock fragments, earth and sand, and water. Therefore,
The screw conveyor 73 can receive the shear stored in the receiver tank 70 and discharge it to the separation equipment 46 through the discharge pipe 42. On the other hand, an operation valve 69, a receiver tank 70, a screw conveyor 73, and a bypass pipe 74 that bypasses the operation valve 43 are connected to the exhaust pipe 62 and the discharge pipe 42, and an operation valve 75 is attached to the bypass pipe 74. I have.

It should be noted that the operation valve 76 branches off from the mud feeding pipe 66.
Is connected to the screw conveyor 73, and when there is insufficient water, the operation valve 76 is opened and water can be supplied to the screw conveyor 73 by the bypass pipe 77. Similarly, the discharge pipe 42 and the water supply pipe 5
A bypass pipe 79 having an operation valve 78 is provided between the bypass pipe 79.

Therefore, when the excavated ground is hard rock, the drainage path is connected to a negative pressure type feed / discharge line (receiver tank 7).
0, operating lines for the vacuum pump 72, the screw conveyor 73, etc.). Then, the operation valve 67 of the mud feed pipe 66, the operation valve 65 of the branch mud discharge pipe 64, the bypass pipes 74, 58,
While closing the operation valves 75, 56, 57, 79 of 59, 79, the operation valves 76 of the sludge pipe 66 and the operation valves 63, 69, 43 of the sludge pipe 62 are opened, and the sludge pump 53, The pump 44, the vacuum pump 72, and the screw conveyor 73 are operated. Then, the negative pressure is generated in the receiver tank 70 by the operation of the vacuum pump 72, and the shear accumulated in the hopper 21 is sucked through the drainage pipe 62 by the generated negative pressure, finely crushed by the crusher 68, and It is carried out to the tank 70. The waste in the receiver tank 70 is discharged to the screw conveyor 73, and is conveyed to the separation equipment 46 through the discharge pipe 42. The water in the adjusting tank 50 is supplied to the mud pipe 32 by the mud pump 53, and a part of the water is discharged to the screw conveyor 73.

On the other hand, when the excavation work is performed on soft ground, the sludge discharging path is a positive pressure type feeding and discharging line (inactive lines such as the receiver tank 70, the vacuum pump 72, and the screw conveyor 73). The operation valves 63, 69,
While closing 76, the operation valve 67 of the mud pipe 66, the operation valve 65 of the drain pipe 62, and the operation valve 75 of the bypass pipe 74 are opened, and the vacuum pump 72 and the screw conveyor 73 are stopped. Then, the inside of the chamber 20 is filled with muddy water by supplying water from the mud feeding pipe 66 to the inside of the chamber 20 to have a positive pressure, and this muddy water is pushed out through the hopper 21 and into the branched mud discharging pipe 64. Then, the shear is removed from the mud pipe 62 to the crusher 68.
And is carried out to the discharge pipe 42 via the bypass pipe 74, and is conveyed to the separation equipment 46 by the sludge pump 44.
The water in the adjustment tank 50 is supplied to the mud pipe 32 by the mud pump 53.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the receiver tank 70, the vacuum pump 72,
By using the screw conveyor 73, the shear generated by the excavation can be easily and efficiently sucked into the receiver tank 70 and discharged by the screw conveyor 73, and no air is mixed into the shear, thereby preventing cavitation and blockage of the pipe. Can be prevented.

Although a large number of telescoping jacks 23 are provided as propulsion jacks in the above-described embodiment, a parallel link mechanism may be used. Further, the configuration of the front gripper 24 and the rear gripper 25 is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the number may be four or more. Further, the pressure transmitter (operating pressure detecting means) and the flow meter (stroke detecting means) are connected to the hydraulic jack of the rear gripper 25, but may be connected to the hydraulic jack of the front gripper 24.

[0050]

As described above in detail in the embodiment, according to the sludge discharging apparatus of the first aspect of the present invention, the first sludge discharging line for sucking earth and sand in the cutter chamber to discharge sludge;
A second sludge line is provided for feeding water into the cutter chamber to discharge sludge, and the first sludge line and the second sludge line can be switched by the sludge line switching means. Continuous tunnel excavation work can be performed with a single tunnel excavator regardless of rock mass or soft ground.There is no need to divide the tunnel excavation period into multiple construction sections for each type of excavated ground, and a large number of shafts This eliminates the need for excavation work and excavator carry-in work, thereby shortening the work period and improving work efficiency.

Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the second aspect of the present invention, a drive rotatable cutter head is mounted on the front part of the excavator body including the front body and the rear body, and the front body and the rear body are connected to each other. A front jack and a rear gripper are provided by installing a propulsion jack therebetween, and a shield jack for propelling the excavator body by receiving a reaction force from the existing segment is attached to the rear body, and sucking and discharging the earth and sand in the cutter chamber. A first sludge line for performing mud and a second sludge line for supplying sludge by feeding water into the cutter chamber are provided, and the first sludge line and the second sludge line are switched by a sludge line switching unit. Therefore, regardless of the type of excavated ground, rock or soft ground, continuous tunnel excavation can be performed with a single tunnel excavator. There is no need to be divided into things section, carrying the work of excavation work and excavator of a number of shafts is not required,
The work period can be shortened to improve work efficiency, and continuous tunnel excavation work is possible even when rock and soft ground are mixed in one construction section. And the segments are assembled only in the soft section of the construction section, so that the construction cost can be reduced.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the working pressure detecting means is mounted on the gripper jack of the front gripper or the rear gripper, and the sludge line switching means is operated based on the detection result of the working pressure detecting means. Therefore, the type of ground can be easily and reliably determined because the first and second sludge lines are switched.

According to the tunnel excavator of the fourth aspect of the present invention, the stroke detecting means is mounted on the gripper jack of the front gripper or the rear gripper, and the sludge line switching means determines the stroke based on the detection result of the stroke detecting means. Since the first sludge line and the second sludge line are switched, the type of the ground can be easily and reliably determined.

According to the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, the self-standing state of the ground is determined, and when the ground becomes self-sustaining, the reaction force from the rear gripper is obtained while driving and rotating the cutter head. The excavator body is moved forward to excavate the ground in front, and the soil in the cutter chamber is sucked to discharge mud.On the other hand, when the ground is not self-sustaining, the cutter head is driven and rotated to rotate from the existing segment. Excavating the ground in front by moving the excavator body forward with a reaction force,
Since water was sent into the cutter chamber to discharge mud, the ground was self-sustaining, that is, the type of excavated ground was rock,
Regardless of the soft ground, one tunnel excavator can perform continuous tunnel excavation work, shortening the work period and improving work efficiency, and installing a shoring work in the rock section work section As a result, the segments are assembled only in the soft section of the construction section, so that the construction cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tunnel excavator to which a sludge discharging apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the tunnel excavator according to the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a tunnel excavator to which a sludge discharging apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention is applied.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Front trunk 12 Rear trunk 14 Cutter head 17 Cutter turning motor 20 Chamber 21 Hopper 22, 61 Mud feed / discharge device 23 Telescopic jack (propulsion jack) 24 Front gripper 25 Rear gripper 26 Shield jack 29 Elector device 31, 62, 64 Drainage pipe 32,66 Mud feed pipe 33 Jet pump 39 Water / water separation tank 44 Mud discharge pump 47,74 Bypass pipe 53 Mud feed pump 70 Receiver tank 72 Vacuum tank 73 Screw conveyor

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiho Tachibana 1-1-1, Wadasaki-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Prefecture Inside the Kobe Shipyard of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. 7-1-1, Todaken Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Mitsumasa Okamura 1-1-1, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Masafumi Naito 1, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan No. 7-1 F-term in Toda Construction Co., Ltd. (Reference) 2D054 AC04 AC05 AD17 DA12 DA19 DA33 GA12 GA13 GA23 GA34 GA58 GA63 GA65 GA73

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A sludge discharging apparatus for discharging earth and sand generated by a tunnel excavation to the outside, a first sludge discharging line for sucking earth and sand in a cutter chamber to discharge sludge, and supplying water to the cutter chamber to discharge the sludge. A sludge discharging apparatus comprising: a second sludge line for performing mud; and a sludge line switching means for switching between the first sludge line and the second sludge line. 2. An excavator main body comprising a front body and a rear body which are formed in a tubular shape and are extendably connected to each other, a cutter head mounted on the front part of the front body so as to be driven and rotatable, and the front body. A propulsion jack provided between the rear body and the rear body; a front gripper disposed on the front body and holding the front body in position by pressing against an inner wall surface of an existing tunnel; A rear gripper for holding the rear body in position by being pressed against the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel, a shield jack attached to the rear body and receiving a reaction force from the existing segment to propel the excavator body, and a cutter chamber. A first sludge line for sucking earth and sand therein to discharge sludge, a second sludge line for feeding water into the cutter chamber to discharge sludge, the first sludge line and the second sludge line And sludge line switching means for switching between A tunnel excavator, comprising: 3. The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, wherein an operating pressure detecting means is mounted on the front gripper or the gripper jack of the rear gripper, and the sludge line switching means detects a detection result of the operating pressure detecting means. A tunnel excavator that switches between the first and second sludge lines on the basis of the first and second sludge lines. 4. The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, wherein a stroke detecting means is mounted on the gripper jack of the front gripper or the rear gripper,
A tunnel excavator wherein the sludge line switching means switches between the first sludge line and the second sludge line based on a detection result of the stroke detecting means. 5. Estimating the self-sustained state of the ground, and when the ground becomes self-sustaining, obtains the reaction force from the rear gripper while driving and rotating the cutter head to advance the excavator body to advance the ground in front. While excavating and sucking the earth and sand in the cutter chamber to perform mud removal, when the ground is not self-sustaining, the cutter head is driven and rotated to obtain the reaction force from the existing segment and advance the excavator body. A tunnel excavation method characterized by excavating a ground in front of the tunnel and feeding water into the cutter chamber to discharge mud.