JPH1076402A - Tool installation in machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance the lathe turning accuracy to the utmost. SOLUTION: An abutting surface 32a for positioning is formed on a main spindle 32, while an abutting surface 31a for positioning on the head stock side is formed on a head stock 31. An abutting end surface 62b is formed at a position corresponding to the abutting surface 32a of a revolving tool holder 62A, while an abutting end surface 62s is formed at a position corresponding to the abutting surface 31a of a turning tool holder 62B. In installing a revolving tool unit 60A, the abutting end surface 62b abuts on the abutting surface 32a, while a space L1 is formed between the tool holder 62A and the abutting surface 31a, so that the positioning of a revolving tool unit 63A is carried out taking the abutting surface 32a as a reference surface. In installing a lathe turning tool unit 60B, the abutting end surface 62s abuts on the abutting surface 31a while a space L2 is formed between a tool holder 62B and the abutting surface 32a, so that the positioning of a lathe turning tool 63B is carried out taking the abutting surface 31a as a reference surface.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tool mounting method for a machine tool, which is suitable for use as a method for detachably mounting a turning tool or a rotary tool on a spindle of the machine tool.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a machine tool such as a CNC lathe, various turning tools or various rotary tools can be detachably mounted on a tool spindle by ATC (Automatic tool change). There are things that are.
Specifically, such a machine tool is provided with: a) a machine tool in which a spindle dedicated to a turning tool and a spindle dedicated to a rotary tool are separately provided; and b) a spindle shared by a turning tool and a rotary tool. There are machine tools. Further, among the machine tools of b), b1) a machine tool having only a spindle shared by a turning tool and a rotary tool as a means for mounting a tool, and b2) a dedicated machining tool other than a spindle shared by a turning tool and a rotary tool There is a machine tool or the like separately having a turret (a tool in which a tool is not attached / detached by ATC or the like).

[0003]

By the way, the machine tool a) has a structure in which a spindle dedicated to a turning tool and a spindle dedicated to a rotary tool are arranged side by side on one turret. A turret having two main shafts is enlarged, and as a result, the tip of the enlarged turret is likely to interfere with a workpiece to be machined, which hinders smooth machining. Further, since the mounting position of the turning tool and the mounting position of the rotary tool on the turret are different, the tool change operation by the ATC or the like is delayed accordingly. Furthermore,
Since it is necessary to install a cover or the like for preventing the entry of chips or the like in the tool mounting portion of the main spindle on which the tool is not mounted, of the two main spindles, it is troublesome. In the machine tool b1) described above, when a rotary tool is used, the tip of the spindle is thermally displaced in the axial direction of the spindle by rotation of the spindle. In the case where the turning tool is used by being attached to the tip of the spindle, an error is likely to occur in the positioning of the turning tool in the axial direction of the spindle by an amount corresponding to the thermal displacement. That is, it becomes difficult to improve the turning accuracy. In addition, since the main spindle shared by the turning tool and the rotary tool is rotatably supported on the turret side, it is difficult to secure the rigidity of the main spindle side during turning by the turning tool. In the machine tool b2) described above, rough machining is performed through a turning tool mounted on a spindle shared by a turning tool and a rotary tool, and finishing is performed through a turning tool of a turret dedicated to the turning tool. . Since the positioning of the turning tool in the turret dedicated to turning tools is performed accurately without being affected by thermal displacement, etc., b
The turning accuracy is improved as compared with the machine tool 1). However, when turning with a turning tool mounted on a spindle shared by a turning tool and a rotary tool, there is a problem similar to that of the machine tool b1) in that it is difficult to secure rigidity on the spindle side. Furthermore, since the turning tool of the turning tool dedicated turret cannot be replaced by ATC or the like, it is inconvenient for performing various kinds of machining.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention can perform machining smoothly and without trouble in a form that minimizes interference between a workpiece to be machined and a turret tip portion, etc. As much as possible, when turning with a turning tool, it is possible to easily secure the rigidity of the side where the turning tool is mounted, and to be able to use as many types of turning tools as possible to perform a wide variety of machining. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tool mounting method for a machine tool.

[0005]

That is, the present invention relates to a machine tool (1) having a head stock (31) and a tool spindle (32) rotatably supported by the head stock (31). On the tool mounting side (arrow V side) of the tool spindle (32), a rotary tool holder (62A) and a rotary tool (6) provided at the tip of the rotary tool holder (62A).
3A) and a turning tool unit (60B) including a turning tool holder (62B) and a turning tool (63B) provided at the tip of the turning tool holder (62B). In the tool mounting method for detachably mounting, the rotary tool positioning contact surface (32a) is formed on the tool mounting side (arrow V side) end surface of the tool spindle (32), and the head stock (31) is formed. ), A turning tool positioning contact surface (31a) is formed on the outer peripheral side of the rotary tool positioning contact surface (32a) of the tool spindle (32), and the rotary tool of the rotary tool unit (60A) is formed. A rotary tool axial direction positioning contact surface (62b) is formed at a position corresponding to the rotary tool positioning contact surface (32a) of the holder (62A),
A turning tool axial direction positioning contact surface (62) is provided at a position corresponding to the turning tool positioning contact surface (31a) of the turning tool holder (62B) of the turning tool unit (60B).
s) is formed, and when the rotary tool unit (60A) is mounted on the tool spindle (32), the rotary tool holder (62) of the rotary tool unit (60A) is mounted.
A) Contact surface (62b) for positioning of the rotary tool in the axial direction
And the rotary tool positioning contact surface (32a) in the axial direction of the tool spindle (32) (the directions of arrows V and W), and the rotary tool holder (62A) and the turning The rotation of the rotary tool unit (60A) is formed so as to form a first clearance interval (L1) in the axial direction (arrow V, W direction) between the rotary tool unit (60A) and the tool positioning contact surface (31a). The positioning of the tool (63A) in the axial direction (the directions of the arrows V and W) is performed based on the rotary tool positioning contact surface (32a), and the turning tool unit (60) with respect to the tool spindle (32).
In mounting B), the turning tool unit (60)
B) The turning tool axial direction positioning contact surface (62s) of the turning tool holder (62B) and the turning tool positioning contact surface (31a) are aligned with the axial direction of the tool spindle (32). (Arrow V, W direction), and between the turning tool holder (62B) and the rotary tool positioning contact surface (32a) in the axial direction (arrow V, W direction). 2 so as to form a clearance interval (L2) of the turning tool unit (60B) in the axial direction (arrow V, W direction) of the turning tool (63B).
Positioning in the turning tool positioning contact surface (3
1a).

[0006] The numbers in parentheses and the like are for convenience showing the corresponding elements in the drawings, and therefore, the present description is not limited to the description on the drawings. The same applies to the following “action” column.

[0007]

According to the present invention, when the turning tool unit (60B) is mounted on the tool spindle (32), the turning tool holder (62B) and the rotary tool positioning contact surface (32a) are connected. A second clearance interval (L2) is formed between the tool spindle (32) in the axial direction (arrow V and W directions) of the tool spindle (32), and the tool spindle (32) is rotated by using a rotary tool unit (60A). The thermal displacement of the tip is performed within the second clearance interval (L2), and the positioning of the turning tool (63B) in the axial direction (arrow V, W direction) is performed by the turning tool axial direction positioning contact surface ( 62
s) is brought into contact with the turning tool positioning contact surface (31a) on the headstock (31) side where thermal displacement does not occur, thereby performing the turning tool positioning contact surface (31a) as a reference.

[0008]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a machine tool to which the tool mounting method according to the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing the vicinity of a turret tip and a main shaft of the machine tool shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a side view (partial cross-sectional view) showing a state in which a turning tool unit is mounted on the spindle shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the vicinity of the tip of the spindle in a state in which the rotating tool unit is mounted. FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing details of the vicinity of the tip of the spindle with the turning tool unit mounted, and FIG.
FIG. 7 is a schematic side view showing a state in which outer diameter machining is performed by a turning tool unit, and FIG. 7 is a schematic side view showing a state in which end face machining is performed by a turning tool unit.

As shown in FIG. 1, a machine tool 1 such as a CNC lathe has a rectangular parallelepiped frame 2 extending in the directions of arrows H and I in FIG. A front door 3 is provided on the front side (ie, the front side in FIG. 1) of the front door 2 so as to be freely opened and closed in the directions of the arrows H and I. A headstock 6 is installed inside the frame 2, and a work spindle 7 is arranged on the headstock 6 in such a manner that its axis CT1 is arranged in parallel in the directions of arrows H and I which are z-axis directions.
Further, it is rotatably supported about the axis CT1 in the directions of arrows Q and R in FIG. A chuck 9 is provided on the arrow I side of the work spindle 7 so that the work 10 to be machined can be gripped by a plurality of chuck claws 9b. The headstock 6 is provided with a drive motor (not shown), gears, pulleys, belts, and the like, so that the work spindle 7 can freely rotate in the directions of arrows Q and R. That is, the chuck 9 provided on the work spindle 7 (and the work 10 held by the chuck 9)
Is rotatable in the directions of arrows Q and R.

A first linear motion guide device 20 extending in the directions of arrows H and I is laid inside the frame 2 at the position of the headstock 6 on the arrow I side (the first linear motion guide device 20 being the first linear motion guide device). The linear motion guide device 20 is inclined in such a manner that the back side of the paper is disposed above the front side of the paper in FIG. 1), and the first linear motion guide device 20 is provided with a tailstock 21 in the directions of arrows H and I. ,
That is, it is slidably provided in the z-axis direction. In addition,
A known driving device such as a ball screw device (not shown) is provided between the frame 2 side and the tail stock 21. The driving device causes the tail stock 21 to move on the first linear motion guide device 20 by an arrow H, It can be moved and driven in the I direction. The tailstock 21 is provided with a tailstock 22 protruding in the direction of arrow H.
The arrow I side of the work 10 gripped by the chuck 9 can be supported by the tailstock shaft 22 according to the size, shape, or processing mode of the zero.

Further, inside the frame 2, the first linear motion guide device 20 extends in the direction of the arrows H and I at a position on the arrow I side of the headstock 6, at an obliquely upper rear side in FIG. A second linear motion guide device 11 is laid, and a tool rest base 12 is provided on the second linear motion guide device 11 so as to be slidable in the directions of arrows H and I, that is, in the z-axis direction. . A known driving device such as a ball screw device (not shown) is provided between the frame 2 and the tool rest base 12.
With this drive device, the tool rest base 12 can be moved and driven on the second linear motion guide device 11 in the directions of arrows H and I.
On the other hand, the tool rest base 12 is perpendicular to the z-axis direction,
A third linear motion guide device 15 extending in the directions of arrows D and E in FIG. 1 which is the x-axis direction that is slightly inclined from the vertical direction is laid (accordingly, the third linear motion guide device 15).
Is inclined toward the back side of the paper surface in FIG. 1), and the tool rest 13 is provided on the third linear guide 15 so as to be slidable in the directions of arrows D and E, that is, in the x-axis direction. . A known driving device such as a ball screw device (not shown) is provided between the tool post base 12 and the tool post 13. The driving device places the tool post 13 on the third linear motion guide device 15. In the directions of arrows D and E.

FIG. 1 shows a front end of the tool rest 13 on the arrow D side.
As shown in FIG. 2, the turret 30 is arranged such that the turret 30 is at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the z-axis direction on the xz plane, with respect to the tool rest 13 around the rotation axis CT <b> 2. Is provided so as to be able to turn 180 degrees. The tool post 13
A well-known turret turning drive motor (not shown) is built in the turret 30, and the turret 30 is driven by the turret turning drive motor with respect to the tool rest 13 by arrows T and U in the figure.
It can be rotated and driven 180 degrees in the direction.
The turret 30 is provided with a headstock 31. The headstock 31 has a main shaft 32 extending in the directions indicated by arrows V and W in the figure.
The shaft is rotatably supported in the direction B. The main shaft 32
The axis CT3 of the turret 30 and the rotation axis CT2 of the turret 30 intersect at an angle of 45 degrees, and the main spindle 3 is positioned so that the tip of the spindle 32 (ie, the end on the arrow V side) is located near the tip of the turret 30.
2 is arranged. Therefore, the main shaft 32 is
The first machining position P1 as shown in FIG. 2 (that is, the position where the axis CT3 of the main shaft 32 is arranged parallel to the z-axis direction) by the turning drive and positioning in the directions indicated by the arrows T and U in FIG.
Alternatively, from the first machining position P1 in the directions of arrows T and U, 18
1 and 3 (ie, a position where the axis CT3 of the main shaft 32 is disposed parallel to the x-axis direction) as shown in FIGS. It is free. Further, a known spindle drive motor (not shown) is built in the tool rest 13, and the spindle 32 is
The main shaft driving motor can be driven to rotate in the directions of arrows A and B in the figure through predetermined gears and shafts.
Further, the main shaft 32 is moved to the headstock 3 by a known brake function of the main shaft driving motor (not shown).
The shaft can be freely fixed in such a manner that the rotation of the shaft with respect to the shaft 1 is stopped.

The tip side of the main shaft 32 (ie, the arrow V side in the figure)
Is a tool mounting portion 33 basically formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, as shown in FIGS.
3, a rotary tool unit 60A is mounted (FIG. 1 shows a state where no rotary tool unit 60A or the like is mounted on the main shaft 32). The rotary tool unit 60A has a tool holder 62A, and the tool holder 62A has a holder main body 66A formed in a substantially disk shape. One end of the holder body 66A in the direction of the center axis CT4 (that is, the center axis of the tool holder 62A) (FIG. 2).
(Arrow W side), a mounting portion 61A extending in the direction of the central axis CT4 and formed in a substantially cylindrical shape centered on the central axis CT4 is provided. Also, the holder body 66A
A known automatic tool changer (ATC device)
An arm engaging portion 62a formed of an annular groove or the like capable of engaging with the 17th arm or the like is formed, and on the opposite side of the holder body 66A from the mounting portion 61A (the arrow V side in FIG. 2), For example, a rotary tool 63A for performing milling or the like is provided so as to protrude in the direction of the central axis CT4 with the central axis CT4 as a rotation center. Accordingly, the rotary tool unit 60A is mounted on the main shaft 32 with the rotary tool 63A side directed in the direction of the arrow V and the mounting portion 61A inserted into the inside 33a of the tool mounting portion 33 of the main shaft 32. . In this state, the center axis CT4 of the rotary tool unit 60A is aligned with the axis C of the main shaft 32.
It matches T3. Also, the inner peripheral surface 3 of the tool mounting portion 33
3b and the outer peripheral surface 61a of the mounting portion 61A are formed in a slightly tapered shape, so that when the mounting portion 61A is inserted into the inside 33a of the tool mounting portion 33, the mounting portion 61A side and the tool mounting portion 33 side Are pressed against each other, so that the inner peripheral surface 33b of the tool mounting portion 33 and the mounting portion 6
The outer peripheral surfaces 61a of 1A are in close contact with each other, so that the rotary tool unit 60A can be securely mounted on the main shaft 32.

On the end surface of the holder body 66A of the rotary tool unit 60A on the side of the mounting portion 61A, an annular portion outside the mounting portion 61A has a flat contact portion perpendicular to the central axis CT4. A flat contact abutment surface 32a perpendicular to the axis CT3 is formed on the end surface on the tip end side of the main shaft 32.
When the rotary tool unit 60A is mounted on the spindle 32, these contact end faces 62b and the positioning contact faces 3
2a are in contact with each other in the directions of arrows V and W. That is, positioning of the rotary tool 63A of the rotary tool unit 60A in the directions of the arrows V and W is performed based on the positioning contact surface 32a of the main shaft 32. The annular portion adjacent to the outer periphery of the positioning contact surface 32a of the main shaft 32, which is an end surface of the head stock 31 facing the arrow V side, has a planar shape perpendicular to the arrows V and W directions. Is a head stock side positioning contact surface 31a. The position of the headstock-side positioning contact surface 31a is located slightly closer to the arrow W than the position of the positioning contact surface 32a of the main shaft 32 in the arrow V and W directions. Therefore, when the rotary tool unit 60A is mounted on the main shaft 32, the contact end surface 62b of the rotary tool unit 60A and the headstock side positioning contact surface 31a do not contact each other as shown in FIG. Arrow V between,
An interval L1 in the W direction is formed in an annular shape.

2 and 4 are provided inside the main shaft 32.
As shown in FIG. 2, a known tool holding device 40 such as a lock rod is provided, which is capable of engaging and holding and releasing the mounted rotary tool unit 60A. That is, the tool holding device 40 is provided in the inside 33 a of the tool mounting portion 33 of the spindle 32.
The main body 41 extending in the directions of the arrows V and W is
The main body 41 has a bar 42 connected to the arrow W side. On the arrow W side of the bar 42, a tool holding driving means 43 including a known spring mechanism and an actuator is provided.
Is movable in the directions of arrows V and W via the bar 42 by the tool holding driving means 43. On the outer peripheral side of the main body 41, a predetermined recess 41a in which the engaging ball 41b is installed is formed. That is, the engagement ball 41
b is rotatable in the directions of the arrows V and W between the engagement position K1 on the arrow V side and the release position K2 on the arrow W side within the recess 41a. On the other hand, an engaging hole 61b is formed in the mounting portion 61A of the rotary tool unit 60A so as to penetrate through the inside and outside of the cylindrical mounting portion 61A. Accordingly, in a state where the rotary tool unit 60A is mounted on the main shaft 32, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the main body 41 is arranged on the arrow W side by the tool holding driving means 43 and the like. The engaging ball 41b is arranged at the engaging position K1 of the recess 41a, and the side of the engaging ball 41b opposite to the main body 41 is fitted into the engaging hole 61b of the mounting portion 61A. That is, since the rotary tool unit 60A is engaged with the main body 41 side through the engagement ball 41b, the rotary tool unit 60A does not fall out inadvertently in the direction of the arrow V, and is securely attached to the main shaft 32. Is held. When the rotary tool unit 60A is detached from the main shaft 32, the main body 41 may be driven to move to the arrow V side by the tool holding driving means 43 or the like. As a result, the engaging ball 41b rolls relative to the main body 41 in the direction of the arrow W, and is located at the release position K2 of the depression 41a as shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. The side of the engaging ball 41b opposite to the main body 41 is moved backward from the engaging hole 61b of the mounting portion 61A in the direction toward the central axis CT4. Therefore, the engagement between the rotary tool unit 60A and the main body 41 is released, and the removal of the rotary tool unit 60A from the main shaft 32 is performed smoothly. At this time, the end of the main body 41 on the arrow V side presses the rotary tool unit 60A in the direction of the arrow V, so that the rotary tool unit 60A can be more smoothly removed from the main shaft 32. When the rotary tool unit 60A is mounted on the main shaft 32, the main body 41 is moved to the arrow V side, and the mounting portion 61A of the rotary tool unit 60A is mounted in a state where the engagement ball 41b is disposed at the release position K2. The spindle 3
2 and the main body 41 may be moved and driven to the arrow W side by the tool holding driving means 43 or the like. As a result, the engaging ball 41b is rolled and moved relative to the main body 41 in the direction of the arrow V and is arranged at the engaging position K1 of the recess 41a, so that the engaging ball 41b is opposite to the main body 41. The side is inserted and engaged in the engagement hole 61b of the mounting portion 61A, and the rotary tool unit 60A is mounted on the main shaft 32.

Note that a turning tool unit 60B can be mounted on the main shaft 32 instead of the above-mentioned rotary tool unit 60A. That is, the turning tool unit 60B
Has a tool holder 62B as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, and the tool holder 62B has a holder main body 66B formed in a substantially disk shape. A mounting portion 61B similar to the mounting portion 61A of the rotary tool unit 60A is provided on one end side of the holder body 66B in the direction of the central axis CT4. An arm engaging portion 62a is formed on the holder body 66B similarly to the rotary tool unit 60A, and a turning tool 63B such as a cutting tool is provided on the side of the holder body 66B opposite to the mounting portion 61B. Are provided so as to protrude in the direction of the central axis CT4. Therefore, like the rotary tool unit 60A, the turning tool unit 60B has the main shaft 32 with the mounting portion 61B inserted into the inside 33a of the tool mounting portion 33 of the main shaft 32.
It is attached to. When the turning tool unit 60B is mounted on the spindle 32, the rotating tool unit 60B
As in the case of A, it is engaged and held by the tool holding device 40. A predetermined key engaging member 36 is provided at the end on the arrow V side of the head stock 31, and the outer periphery of the holder body 66B of the turning tool unit 60B projects in a direction perpendicular to the central axis CT4. And a key 65 is provided. That is, when the turning tool unit 60B is mounted on the main shaft 32, the key 65 is
To prevent the turning tool unit 60B from inadvertently moving in the directions indicated by arrows A and B in the figure. Of course, in the case of the above-described rotary tool unit 60A, since the keys 65 and the like are not provided, there is no problem in rotating the rotary tool unit 60A in the directions of arrows A and B.

On the end surface of the holder main body 66B of the turning tool unit 60B on the side of the mounting portion 61B, a portion formed in an annular shape outside the mounting portion 61B is a planar relief portion 62t. An annularly formed portion adjacent to the outside of the escape portion 62t is a planar contact end surface 62s perpendicular to the central axis CT4. Then, the position of the contact end face 62s is disposed slightly closer to the arrow W side than the position of the escape portion 62t. When the turning tool unit 60B is mounted on the spindle 32, the contact end surface 62s and the headstock-side positioning contact contact surface 31a of the headstock 31 are in the directions of arrows V and W (that is, in the tool axis direction). , The escape portion 62t and the main shaft 32
Does not contact with the positioning contact surface 32a. That is, an interval L2 in the direction of the arrow V and W is formed between the escape portion 62t and the positioning contact surface 32a, and the positioning of the turning tool 63B of the turning tool unit 60B in the direction of the arrow V and W is performed by the head. Stock side positioning contact surface 31a
It is performed on the basis of.

A well-known tool magazine 5 is installed in the frame 2 at the back of the second linear motion guide device 11 in FIG. 1 and the like, and the tool magazine 5 has a plurality of types of rotary tool units 60A. And a tool unit such as a turning tool unit 60B. In the vicinity of the tool magazine 5, a known automatic tool changer 17 is mounted on the spindle 32 so that the tool unit held and stored in the tool magazine 5 can be taken out and mounted on the spindle 32. The tool unit is installed so that the tool unit can be detached and held in the tool magazine 5.

Since the machine tool 1 and the like are configured as described above, in order to process the work 10 by the machine tool 1, the work 10 is first gripped by the chuck 9 (or the work gripped by the chuck 9). The arrow I side of 10 is a tailstock 22
Support). Next, the spindle 3 equipped with the rotary tool unit 60A or the turning tool unit 60B
2 is arranged at the first processing position P1 or the second processing position P2 as shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 by turning and positioning the turret 30 in the directions of the arrows T and U. The turning tool 63A of the turning tool unit 60A or the turning tool 63B of the turning tool unit 60B mounted on the main shaft 32 and the work by the movement drive in the directions of arrows H and I and the movement drive of the tool post 13 in the directions of arrows D and E. Processing is advanced while changing the relative position with respect to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. When the rotary tool unit 60A is mounted on the spindle 32, the work spindle 7 is set in the rotation angle control state, that is, the C-axis control state, and the tool post 1
On the third side, the main shaft 32 is driven to rotate in the directions of arrows A and B, and the rotary tool 63A of the rotary tool unit 60A mounted on the main shaft 32 is driven to rotate in the directions of arrows A and B. The processing of the work 10 by 63A is performed. The turning tool unit 60 is attached to the spindle 32.
When B is mounted, the C-axis control state of the work spindle 7 is released to a normal rotation speed control state, and the work spindle 7 is turned off.
Is rotated in the directions of arrows Q and R to rotate the workpiece 10 held by the chuck 9 in the directions of arrows Q and R, and the main shaft 32 is not rotated on the tool post 13 side, and the head stock 31 or the like is rotated. Fixed to the main shaft 3
Turning tool 63 of turning tool unit 60B mounted on 2
With B fixed to the turret 30 and the like, the work 10 is processed by the turning tool 63B. The machining mode of the workpiece 10 by the turning tool 63B is, for example, the outer diameter machining performed by disposing the spindle 32 at the second machining position P2 as shown in FIG. 6, or the first machining position P1 as shown in FIG. End face processing or the like performed by arranging the main shaft 32 is possible. When the tool unit to be mounted on the spindle 32 is changed during the machining or the like, the desired tool unit held and stored in the tool magazine 5 is taken out by the automatic tool changer 17 described above, and the spindle 32 is replaced. The desired tool unit is mounted on the spindle 32 by removing the tool units mounted on the main shaft 32 and replacing them.

As described above, in this embodiment, one spindle 3
2 is used as a spindle for both turning tools and rotary tools, and the turret 30 is provided with only one spindle 32. For this reason, in the machine tool 1 of the present embodiment, upsizing of the turret 30 is avoided as much as possible, as compared with a machine tool of a type in which a spindle dedicated to a turning tool and a spindle dedicated to a rotary tool are separately provided on a turret. As a result, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the tip portion of the turret 30 does not interfere with the workpiece 10 to be processed as much as possible, and smooth processing can be performed. Further, in this embodiment, since one spindle 32 is used as a spindle shared by the turning tool and the rotary tool, the mounting position of the turning tool unit 60B and the mounting position of the rotary tool unit 60A on the turret 30 and the like are the same. It becomes the tool mounting part 33 of a certain spindle 32, and the tool changing operation by the automatic tool changing device 17 or the like is as quick as possible.
Further, since one spindle 32 is used as a spindle shared by a turning tool and a rotary tool, the tool mounting portion 33 of the spindle 32 is not vacant during the machining operation. In other words, in the case of a machine tool in which a spindle dedicated to turning tools and a spindle dedicated to rotary tools are separately provided in the turret, chips or the like enter the tool mounting part of the spindle with no tool mounted during machining operation. However, in the machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment, there is no tool mounting portion where no tool is mounted during a machining operation or the like, so that it is not necessary to install a cover or the like.

In this embodiment, the rotary tool unit 60
When the A is mounted on the spindle 32, as shown in FIG. 4, the contact end face 62b of the rotary tool unit 60A and the spindle 32
Of the tool holder 6 with the positioning contact surface 32a of the tool holder 6 in the directions of arrows V and W (that is, the axial direction of the main shaft 32).
The positioning of the rotary tool 63A of the rotary tool unit 60A in the directions of the arrows V and W is performed by forming a space L1 in the directions of the arrows V and W between the 2A and the head stock side positioning contact surface 31a. Contact surface 3
2a. In this case, the holder body 66A of the rotary tool unit 60A and the headstock 31
The rotation of the rotary tool unit 60A due to the rotation of the main shaft 32 causes the rotation of the headstock 31 by the distance L1 formed between the headstock 31 and the headstock-side positioning contact surface 31a.
It is prevented from being hindered by the side or the like, and smooth processing can be performed. On the other hand, the turning tool unit 60B is
5, the contact end surface 62s of the turning tool unit 60B and the headstock-side positioning contact surface 31a are aligned in the directions indicated by the arrows V and W (that is, the spindle 3), as shown in FIG.
2) and the tool holder 62B
And the positioning abutment surface 32a of the main shaft 32 with an arrow V,
The positioning of the turning tool 63B of the turning tool unit 60B in the directions of the arrows V and W is performed with reference to the head stock side positioning contact surface 31a so as to form the interval L2 in the W direction. When attaching the turning tool unit 60B to the spindle 32, the holder body 6
The key 65 provided on 6B is engaged with the key engaging member 36 on the head stock 31 side, so that the mounted turning tool unit 60B is not accidentally rotated in the directions of arrows A and B.

When the rotary tool unit 60A is used, the tip of the main shaft 32 is extended in the directions of arrows V and W due to the rotation of the main shaft 32 and thermally displaced, and the position of the positioning contact surface 32a of the main shaft 32 is changed. Is displaced in the directions of the arrows V and W. After using the rotary tool unit 60A in this manner, when the rotary tool unit 60A is replaced with the turning tool unit 60B, the turning tool unit 60B mounted on the spindle 32 by the replacement is as follows. ing. That is, as described above, the tool holder 62B and the spindle 32
Is formed between the positioning abutting surface 32a of the main shaft 32 and the thermal displacement of the tip of the main shaft 32.
2 occurs within the range. In addition, the positioning of the turning tool 63B in the directions of the arrows V and W is performed, as described above, with the contact end face 62s of the turning tool unit 60B and the headstock 31 in which the amount of thermal displacement generated is significantly smaller than that of the main shaft 32.
The head stock side positioning contact surface 3a is brought into contact with the head stock side positioning contact surface 31a.
1a. Therefore, the turning tool 63
In the positioning in the directions of arrows V and W of B (particularly in setting the tool length XL1 between the tool tip), the positioning is not affected by the thermal displacement of the spindle 32, and errors in the positioning are hardly generated. Become. That is, the turning accuracy can be improved as much as possible.

Further, in this embodiment, the spindle 32, which is a spindle common to the turning tool and the rotary tool, is rotatably supported by the headstock 31. However, the turning tool unit 60
B, the turning tool unit 60 is mounted as described above.
Since the contact end surface 62s of B and the headstock-side positioning contact surface 31a of the headstock 31 are in contact with each other, it is easy to secure rigidity during turning. Further, since the rotary tool unit 60A and the turning tool unit 60B are both selectively and detachably mounted on the main shaft 32, a plurality of rotary tool units 60A having a variety of tools and a plurality of turning tools are provided. The tool unit 60B is held and stored in the tool magazine 5 or the like, and can be mounted on the main shaft 32 by the automatic tool changing device 17 or the like in such a manner that they are appropriately replaced, so that various kinds of processing can be performed.

The mechanism for mounting and holding the tool units such as the rotary tool unit 60A and the turning tool unit 60B on the main shaft 32 can be other than the above-described embodiment. For example, the tool holder of the tool unit is
A tapered mounting portion which can be inserted into the tip of the shaft and a pull stud provided at an end of the mounting portion.
The tool holding device on the second side may comprise a collet which can be engaged with the pull stud and a driving device therefor.

[0025]

As described above, the present invention relates to a machine tool such as a machine tool 1 having a headstock such as a headstock 31 and a tool spindle such as a spindle 32 rotatably supported by the headstock. , A rotary tool holder such as a tool holder 62A on the tool mounting side of the tool spindle and a rotary tool 63A provided at the tip of the rotary tool holder.
A rotary tool unit such as a rotary tool unit 60A including a rotary tool, a turning tool holder such as a tool holder 62B, and a turning tool 63 provided at the tip of the turning tool holder.
In a tool mounting method for selectively and detachably mounting a turning tool unit such as a turning tool unit 60B including a turning tool such as B, a positioning contact surface 32a or the like on the tool mounting side end surface of the tool spindle. And a turning tool positioning contact surface such as a head stock side positioning contact surface 31a is formed on the outer peripheral side of the rotary tool positioning contact surface of the tool spindle of the head stock. In addition, a rotary tool axial direction positioning contact surface such as a contact end face 62b is formed at a position corresponding to the rotary tool positioning contact surface of the rotary tool holder of the rotary tool unit, A turning tool axial direction positioning contact surface such as a contact end surface 62s is formed at a position corresponding to the turning tool positioning contact surface of the turning tool holder of the unit, In mounting the rotary tool unit on the tool spindle, the rotary tool axis direction positioning contact surface of the rotary tool holder of the rotary tool unit, and the rotary tool positioning contact surface, the rotation of the tool spindle. The rotating tool holder is abutted in the axial direction and a first clearance interval such as the interval L1 in the axial direction is formed between the rotating tool holder and the turning tool positioning contact surface. The positioning of the tool unit in the axial direction of the rotary tool is performed based on the rotary tool positioning contact surface, and when the turning tool unit is mounted on the tool spindle, the turning tool of the turning tool unit is used. The turning tool axial direction positioning contact surface of the holder, the turning tool positioning contact surface,
The tool spindle is brought into contact with the tool spindle in the axial direction, and a second clearance interval such as the interval L2 in the axial direction is formed between the turning tool holder and the rotary tool positioning contact surface. In this way, since the positioning of the turning tool unit in the axial direction of the turning tool unit is performed with reference to the turning tool positioning contact surface, when the tool mounting method according to the present invention is adopted,
One spindle for tools is used as a spindle common to turning tools and rotary tools. Therefore, only one spindle for tools needs to be disposed on a turret or the like of a machine tool.
As a result, the turret can be prevented from increasing in size as much as possible. As a result, the tip of the turret does not interfere with the workpiece to be machined as much as possible, realizing smooth machining.
In addition, since one tool spindle is used as a spindle common to turning tools and rotary tools, the mounting position of the turning tool unit and the mounting position of the rotary tool unit on the turret and the like become the same. It will be as fast as possible. Furthermore, since one tool spindle is used as a spindle common to turning tools and rotary tools, the tool mounting portion of the tool spindle does not become vacant during the machining operation. There is no need to install a cover or the like on the main shaft to prevent the intrusion of chips or the like, which saves time and effort. In particular, the present invention is excellent in producing the following effects. That is,
When a rotary tool is used, the position of the rotary tool positioning contact surface, which is the tip of the tool spindle, is thermally displaced by the rotation of the tool spindle so as to extend in the axial direction of the tool spindle.
However, when the turning tool unit is mounted on the tool spindle, a second clearance interval in the axial direction of the tool spindle is formed between the turning tool holder and the rotary tool positioning contact surface. The thermal displacement of the tip of the tool spindle is performed within the second clearance interval, and the positioning of the turning tool in the axial direction is performed with the turning tool axial direction positioning contact surface. By making contact with the turning tool positioning contact surface on the headstock side where the thermal displacement is extremely small, the turning is performed based on the turning tool positioning contact surface. Therefore, even when the turning tool unit is mounted on the tool spindle after the rotary tool is used as described above, the turning spindle in positioning of the turning tool in the axial direction of the tool spindle is not required. Is not affected by the thermal displacement, and errors in the positioning hardly occur. That is, the most important turning accuracy in this type of lathe can be improved as much as possible. Further, a tool spindle, which is a spindle commonly used for turning tools and rotating tools, is rotatably supported by the headstock. However, when the turning tool unit is mounted, the turning tool axial direction positioning contact surface and the turning tool positioning contact surface on the headstock side are in contact as described above, so that rigidity during turning is secured. Becomes easier. When the rotary tool unit is mounted, the rotary tool holder and
Since the first clearance interval is formed between the turning tool positioning contact surface on the headstock side and the rotation of the rotary tool unit due to the rotation of the tool spindle, the headstock side or the like does not hinder the rotation. Smooth processing can be performed. Further, since the rotary tool unit and the turning tool unit are both selectively and detachably mounted on the tool spindle, a plurality of rotary tool units and a plurality of turning tool units having various tools are provided. Are prepared, and can be mounted on the tool spindle by ATC or the like, for example, by appropriately replacing them, so that various kinds of processing can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a machine tool to which a tool mounting method according to the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing the vicinity of a turret tip and a spindle of the machine tool shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view (partial side sectional view) showing a state in which a turning tool unit is mounted on the spindle shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing details of the vicinity of a tip of a main spindle in a state where a rotary tool unit is mounted.

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing details of the vicinity of a tip of a spindle in a state where a turning tool unit is mounted.

FIG. 6 is a schematic side view showing a state where outer diameter machining is performed by a turning tool unit.

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view showing a state where an end face is being machined by a turning tool unit.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Machine tool 31 ... Headstock 31a ... Turning tool positioning contact surface (headstock side positioning contact surface) 32 ... Tool spindle (spindle) 32a ... Rotary tool positioning contact surface (positioning contact) Surface) 60A ... rotary tool unit 60B ... turning tool unit 62b ... rotary tool axial direction positioning contact surface (contact end surface) 62s ... turning tool axial direction positioning contact surface (contact end surface) 62A ... ... Rotating tool holder (tool holder) 62B ... Turning tool holder (tool holder) 63A ... Rotating tool 63B ... Turning tool L1 ... First clearance interval (interval) L2 ... Second clearance interval (interval)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A machine tool having a headstock and a tool spindle supported rotatably by the headstock, a rotary tool holder and a tip of the rotary tool holder being provided on the tool mounting side of the tool spindle. In a tool mounting method for selectively mounting a turning tool unit including a turning tool provided and a turning tool unit including a turning tool holder and a turning tool provided at a tip of the turning tool holder, and detachably. A rotary tool positioning contact surface is formed on the tool mounting side end surface of the tool spindle, and a turning tool positioning contact surface is formed on the outer peripheral side of the rotary tool positioning contact surface of the tool spindle of the headstock. In the meantime, the rotary tool axial direction positioning contact surface is located at a position corresponding to the rotary tool positioning contact surface of the rotary tool holder of the rotary tool unit. The turning tool unit is formed at a position corresponding to the turning tool positioning contact face of the turning tool holder of the turning tool unit, and the turning tool unit is positioned relative to the tool spindle. In the mounting of the rotary tool unit, the rotary tool axial direction contact contact surface of the rotary tool holder of the rotary tool unit and the rotary tool positioning contact surface are brought into contact with each other in the axial direction of the tool spindle. A first clearance interval in the axial direction is formed between the rotary tool holder and the turning tool positioning contact surface, so that the rotary tool of the rotary tool unit in the axial direction of the rotary tool unit. The positioning is performed based on the rotary tool positioning contact surface, and when the turning tool unit is mounted on the tool spindle, the turning tool The turning tool axial direction positioning contact surface of the turning tool holder of the knit and the turning tool positioning contact surface are brought into contact with the axial direction of the tool spindle, and the turning tool holder and A second clearance interval in the axial direction is formed between the turning tool positioning contact surface and the rotary tool positioning contact surface, and the positioning of the turning tool of the turning tool unit in the axial direction is performed by the turning tool positioning contact. A tool mounting method for a machine tool configured to be performed based on the contact surface.