JPH10326463A - Disk, discriminating method therefor, discriminating device therefor, and reproducing device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a disk from being copied illicitly by discriminating it well, to cope with it with simple equipment, and to maintain interchangeability. SOLUTION: When a disk is copied with a file unit, a sector 22 in which an error described in an error table 20 exists is not accessed, copy is performed excluding it. An error table 20 in a vender region is copied as it is. Consequently, description of the error table 20 does not coincide with existence of error data 25. On the other hand, when copying is performed with a sector unit, for example, the error data 25 of the error sector 22 is corrected, in the same way, description of the error table 20 is not matched with existence of the error data 25.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a disc, an identification method thereof, an identification device thereof, and a playback device thereof, and more particularly, to an optical disk storing software for a TV game, and a copy security suitable for identification and playback thereof. This is related to improvements to

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Software products such as audio software, video software, and computer programs are used for copying various recording media, for example, copying to a flexible disk and copying to a hard disk of a personal computer.
Alternatively, it has the characteristic that it can be easily modified and copyright infringement is likely to occur. At present, many illegally copied products are rampant, especially in application software such as games.

[0003] For this reason, measures for preventing unauthorized copying have been taken on media for software products, and a number of techniques for preventing unauthorized copying have been proposed. These methods can be roughly classified into a logical method for identifying an illegal copy in a signal manner and a physical method for identifying an illegal copy in a physical form. In either case, the basic idea is to record some unique code logically or physically on the medium itself or outside the medium, and by reading this, an unauthorized copy is identified. For example, a unique code that cannot be copied is recorded on a recording medium. Even if you can copy the main information such as audio / video and programs that are the original information,
The unique code part is not copied. Therefore, if the unique code portion is decoded at the time of reproduction, it is possible to discriminate an illegally copied product from a genuine product based on the presence or absence of the decoding. In general, physical methods that require significant equipment
It is more effective than a logical method that can be handled with simple equipment.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-282931 discloses that an ID program of a CD-ROM to be reproduced is read from an application program in the CD-ROM and the ID data of a CD-ROM set in a reproducing apparatus is read.
A CD-ROM playback device is disclosed which executes the application program when a match is found. CD data that cannot be copied is CD
-A catalog number recorded in a ROM or a character string such as "ABC" recorded in a specific file on a CD-ROM is used.

Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Sho 62-97104 discloses a copy protection method in which the unique code is used as a reading error. A logical method using such an error is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-2351.
There is one disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 30. In this case, a digitally unreadable error area is formed in the data reading area of the recording medium, and if a reading error due to this is not obtained, it is assumed that the copy is illegal.

Further, as a physical method utilizing an error, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-258462 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-121
No. 907 is disclosed. JP-A-5-25
No. 8462 discloses a copy prevention method in which a magnetically defective portion is provided in an unused sector of a floppy disk in advance, and the defective portion is read when the OS is started. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-121907 discloses an optical disc and a check apparatus for discriminating a disc by performing a physical pit operation of forming a flaw pit, and identifying the disc by the presence or absence of the flaw pit. Since the wound pits are physically recorded on the disk, the normal pit cannot reproduce the wound pits and therefore cannot make a copy. Optical disks generally have a high error rate. For this reason, a large error correction area is provided, and powerful error correction is performed by this. However, it is known that error correction is caused when an error is large to some extent.

[0007]

By the way, in order to prevent illegal copying, consideration must be given from the following viewpoints. (1) As a basic function of security information recording, it is preferable that security information is not output as main information and cannot be found from outside. That is, data that is invisible from the outside of the disk data signal processing device, or data that is insignificant when viewed from the bus or OS level outside the device such as SCSI is recorded on the disk as security data, and the main information processing device Prevent output.

(2) Even if an illegally copied disk is manufactured based on the data of the main information output from the disk processing device, the security information is not duplicated. In addition, the security information can be reliably read by an authorized processing device, and normal processing can be performed.

(3) Although not essential, it is preferable to comply with the physical standards of the disk and to maintain the compatibility in the standard because the availability as a disk resource such as the combined use of a manufacturing apparatus is increased. For example, CD-ROM of CD players and personal computers
Compatibility is maintained by adopting a standard similar to the physical standard of a disk corresponding to a drive or the like.

(4) It is necessary that copying cannot be easily performed even by a copying machine that performs copying in sector units.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above, and it is an object of the present invention to satisfactorily identify and prevent unauthorized copying, to cope with simple facilities, and to maintain compatibility. It is assumed that.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above object, a disk according to the present invention is a disk including a main information area (14) and an information management area (12), wherein at least one of the main information areas is provided. Error data (25) in sector (22)
And the error data and sector information are described as an error table (20) in the information management area. Another disk is characterized in that the error data is recorded in a sector having a number smaller than the sector number in which the copy-prohibited file (f1, f3) is recorded. Alternatively, the error data is recorded in a sector located between a sector in which a copy prohibited file is recorded and a sector in which a copy free file (f2) is recorded.

The disk identification method according to the present invention is characterized in that error data corresponding to the description information of the error table is read, and the read result is compared with the description information of the error table to identify a disk. I do. Further, the disk identification device of the present invention includes a memory means (66) for storing the description information of the error table; a table reading means (50, 54, 64) for reading the error table and storing it in the memory means; Error reading means (64, 68, 50, 54) for reading out corresponding error data by referring to the error table stored in the memory means; Identification means (64) for comparing the description information with the disc to identify the disc;

[0014] The disc reproducing apparatus of the present invention includes the discriminating apparatus, and includes exclusion means (64, 76, 62) for excising the disc when the discriminating means identifies the disc as an unauthorized copy. It is characterized by having.

According to the present invention, error data is intentionally logically recorded in the main information area. When a disc is copied, this error data is either corrected and copied correctly, or incorrectly corrected and copied as completely different data. On the other hand, error data information is described in an error table in an information management area, for example, a vendor area. This error table is copied as it is by disk copying. Therefore, by comparing the description of the error table with the alteration of the error data by copying, it is possible to identify whether the disc is a regular disc or a copy disc. Further, a file of a sector having a smaller number than the sector of the error data is copied as it is. However, a file in a sector whose number is larger than the sector of the error data is not copied. The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail. First, an example of a physical track configuration of an optical disk will be described with reference to FIG. 2 to facilitate understanding of the present invention. FIG. 2A shows an example of an optical disk having a structure in which data blocks are divided into sectors. The pit row is formed in a spiral or concentric shape on the disk 10. The inner peripheral side of the pit row is a lead-in (directory) area 12, the outer peripheral side is a lead-out area 16, and an intermediate portion between them is a data area 14.

FIG. 2B shows sectors in these areas. In this example, the sectors No. a and b are the lead-in area 12. The sectors NO.c to d are the data area 14, and the sectors NO.e to f are the lead-out area 16. Each area is a set of physical sectors, and the physical sectors are continuous from the lead-in area 12 to the lead-out area 16 and the sector N
O. is also continuous. Each sector includes a header section SA, a main data section SB, and an error correction section SC, for example, as shown in FIG. In the header SA, flags indicating attributes such as a sector number (sector No.), data and audio are recorded. User data is recorded in the main data section SB.
In the error correction section SC, codes for correcting errors in the header section SA and the main data section SB are recorded.

The lead-in area 12 records physical layer management information of the disk, for example, whether it is read-only, whether it is rewritable, the start sector number of user data, and the like. That is, most of the information is the entire disc information and does not depend on user data. The lead-in area 12 has, in addition to the above information, an undefined blank area that the disc producer can use freely.
The data area 14 is an area mainly used by the user, and stores, for example, user data, game programs, and the like. In the lead-out area 16, silence data and the like are recorded. The lead-out area 16 indicates the end of the data, and is a blank area from the end of the data recording area to the outermost periphery of the disk. The pit string is decoded,
After each processing of deinterleaving and correction, it is reproduced as a sector which is a set unit of physical information. Then, it is further decoded and reproduced as an image, sound, or program data.

FIG. 1A shows a sector structure according to the present embodiment. In FIG.
An error table 20 is provided in an appropriate area (for example, an undefined area for a disk producer (vendor reserved area)). In the data area 14, the start sector is NO.m-1, and the sectors NO.m, NO.m + 1, NO.m + 2,... Are arranged in order. Of these, the sector 22 of NO.m contains data 24 that intentionally causes an error. The contents of the error data 25 of the sector 22 are described in the error table 20 of the lead-in area 12 described above.

FIG. 1B shows an example of a sector structure when the disk shown in FIG. 1A is copied. When copying is performed on a file basis, the sector 22 having an error described in the error table 20 is not accessed, and the copy is performed except for that. On the other hand, the description in the error table 20 does not match the presence or absence of the error data 25. On the other hand, when copying is performed in sector units, for example, the error data 25 is corrected, and similarly, the description in the error table 20 does not match the presence or absence of the error data 25. Therefore, the disc can be identified no matter which method is used for copying.

Next, a more detailed description will be given with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3A shows the lead-in area 12.
3 shows an example of the table recorded in the table. According to this, the sectors of NO.m + 1 and m + 2 are managed by the file allocation table 26 as the file with the file name f1. Behind this file allocation table 26, the above-mentioned error table 2
There is 0. In the error table 20, the binary data "01" is stored in the error data 2 at the address Am of the sector No.m.
5 is managed. FIG.
(B) shows the data area 1 corresponding to such a table.
4 are shown. At the address Am of the sector 22 of NO.m, a logical value “01” at which an error occurs is intentionally recorded as error data 25. A file f1 is recorded in the subsequent sectors 23 and 24 of NO.m + 1 and m + 2.

When a disk having such a sector configuration is copied in sector units by a normal OS, the result is as shown in FIG. As for the sector 22 of NO.m, the presence of an error is described in the error table 20 and is corrected at the time of copying. Then, it is assumed that the error data “01” at the address Am is correctly or erroneously corrected. In the illustrated example, the error data “0”
“1” has been copied as “00”. On the other hand, the error table 20 is copied as it is. For this reason,
The description content of the error table 20 does not match the presence or absence of an error in the sector. By using this, it is possible to identify that the disc is a copied disc.

If the error data 25 cannot be corrected because it is long, the entire sector 22 of NO.m becomes defective, and the copying operation of the entire disk stops there. Therefore, it is impossible to copy the data of the file f1 and subsequent data recorded in the sector NO.m + 1 and thereafter. Further, even if the copy operation is not stopped and the data of the sector after NO.m + 1 is copied, the sector 3 of NO.m
Nothing remains copied in 2. Therefore, also in this case, the description content of the error table 20 does not match the presence or absence of an error in the sector 32, and the copy disk can be similarly identified.

Next, a case where copying is performed in file units will be described with reference to FIG. If the disk is copied in file units, the error 22 NO.m sector 22
Is not accessed, and copying is performed so as to fill the sector. In this example, before the copy, the file f1 recorded in the sectors NO.m + 1 and m + 2 as shown in FIG. 4A, and after the copy as shown in FIG.
m + 1. In other words, the sector 22 of NO.m having an error is ignored, and the sector
1 is copied. In response to this, the file allocation table 26 is rewritten and copied as shown in FIG. This utilizes the feature that the copier records sectors in numerical order.

As described above, although the file allocation table 26 is rewritten, the error table 20 is rewritten.
Is copied as is. In the copied disk, the sector 32 of NO.m in which the presence of an error is described in the error table 20 is rewritten by the file f1, as shown in FIG. 4B. Therefore, also in this case, the description contents of the error table 20 and the sector 32
Does not match the presence or absence of the error, and the copy disk can be identified similarly.

Next, the configuration of the identification / playback apparatus according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, a signal output side of a pickup 50 for reading pit string data recorded on a disk 10 is connected to an amplifier 52. The output side of the amplifier 52 is connected to the data processing system 54 on one side. The data processing system 54 includes a deinterleave / correction circuit 56, a data decoder 58, and a header decoder 60. The output side of the data decoder 58 is connected to a decoding system 62, and the output side of the decoding system 62 is further connected to a post-processing system (not shown).

For example, if the disk 10 is for music, the decoded data output side of the decoding system is a digital filter 7.
8 are connected to a D / A converter 80, whereby left and right audio signals converted into analog signals are output via buffer amplifiers 82 and 84, respectively.

The output side of the header decoder 60 is connected to the disk processor 64. A memory 66 such as a semiconductor ROM for storing error table information is connected to the disk processor 64. The output side of the amplifier 52 is connected to the servo processing system 68. The output side of the servo processing system 68 is connected to the pickup driver 70 and the motor driver 72, respectively, and these are connected to the pickup 50 and the spindle motor 74, respectively. The servo processing system 68 is also connected to the disk processor 64. The disk processor 6
In addition, a host processor (main processor) 76 is provided.

In the data processing system 54, the pickup 50
Deinterleaving, error correction,
Decoding is performed. Decoding is performed on the header section and the main data section of each sector. Decoding system 6
2, the decoding of the decoded main data is performed by MPEG.
And the like, whereby an image signal and an audio signal are obtained. On the other hand, in the servo processing system 68, the servo control of the pickup 50 and the spindle motor 74 is performed based on the signal input from the amplifier 52 so that the light beam of the pickup 50 traces the pit row. A dedicated disk processor 64 is used for such disk control.

On the other hand, for example, a host processor 76 is provided as a main CPU for the game, and division of labor with the disk processor 64 is performed. In addition, a system for receiving a seek command output from the disk processor 64, a system for reporting the result of error correction to the disk processor 64, a system for reporting header data to the disk processor 64, and the like are provided. The normal reproduction operation in the above apparatus is the same as that of a general disk reproduction apparatus.

Next, an operation of disc identification, which is a characteristic operation of the present embodiment, will be described with reference to FIG.
The flowchart of FIG. 6 mainly shows the operation of the disk processor 64. The disk 10 is set (FIG. 6, step S10). In the playback device, first, initial settings are performed (step S12). That is, the disk 10 is rotated by the spindle motor 74, and servo control is performed by the servo processing system 68 so that the pit string data can be read by the pickup 50.

Next, the pickup 50 seeks to the lead-in area 12, reads the start sector of the lead-in area 12 in block units, and decodes the sector number. Then, when reaching the sector of the error table 20, the error table 20 is read (step S14). The read error table 20 is stored in the memory 66. The disk processor 64 refers to the error table 20 stored in the memory 66 and seeks to the NO.m sector where the error exists (step S16). Then, the data at the address Am of the sector No. m is read (step S18).

In the disk processor 64, the read data and the error data in the error table 20 stored in the memory 66 are compared and verified. If they match, the disc can be identified as a legitimate disc as shown in FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B). Therefore, a normal reproduction operation is performed (Y in step S20, S22).
For example, output of an audio signal, execution of a game program, and the like are performed. However, if they do not match,
As shown in FIGS. 3C and 4B, it can be identified as a copy disk. Therefore, the reproduction is stopped and the disc is ejected (N in step S20, S24). Alternatively, the fact is transmitted to the host processor 76, and the decoding process by the decoding system 62 is stopped.

When there are a plurality of sectors containing error data, the above-described verification operation is repeatedly performed for each of those sectors. For example, if the error data is also recorded in the sector No.m + 1, it is determined that the disc is a legitimate disk by checking the sector No.m, and then seeks to the sector No.m + 1. The data is read and compared with the contents of the error table. Only when the two match, the disc is identified as a genuine disc, and the normal reproduction operation is started. By including error data in a plurality of sectors, more advanced disc identification becomes possible.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the error data is included in the sector in the data area in advance,
This error data information is described in an error table in the lead-in area. At the time of copying, the error data in the data area is corrected, but the error table in the lead-in area is copied as it is, and the error data described in the error table is checked to identify the disc. I do. When the contents of the error table match the sector error, it is determined that the disc is a legitimate disc and the disc is reproduced. However, if they do not match, they are excluded because they are copied illegal disks.

As a result, the following effects can be obtained. (1) Recording is performed in units of physical sectors, and only the error data output and the error table generation function need to be added to the digital data encoder of the disk manufacturing apparatus. Further, there is no need to add a function for operating in an analog manner, such as a pit wobble, so that the configuration can be simplified. Disk manufacturing costs are also low. In addition, although an error occurs in a sector unit, it is difficult to analyze from the viewpoint of the OS or the like, which is an advanced copy protection measure.

(2) Since only the error sector number and error data are unique, the change process is extremely easy and can be changed in a short time. The content of the error, the sector to be written, the error length, and the like can be changed according to the title and lot of the disc, and the change process can be performed in real time on the production line. Numerous types of security information can be created by adding or combining error data, and as much security as possible can be achieved.

(3) Since the main information reproducing apparatus is the same as the ordinary one, the LSI can be used as it is. The disk identification can be dealt with by improving only the firmware of the disk processor, which is advantageous in cost.

(4) An operation in a sector unrelated to the main information, and no processing is performed on the user data. Therefore, the reliability of the user data is maintained as it is.

The present invention has many embodiments,
Various modifications can be made based on the above disclosure. For example, the following is also included. (1) The number of sectors containing errors may be set as appropriate.
In addition, the error table may be described according to any physical arrangement as long as it is located before a sector recognized as a file whose copying is not permitted, so that the degree of freedom of the error sector is large. Therefore, stronger security can be provided by combining sectors having different error lengths and locations. Two or more errors may be included in one sector.

(2) By arranging the error sector between the two files, a copy free file and a copy prohibited file can be mixed on the same disk. In the example of FIG. 7A, the error sector 90 is divided into a sector group 92 of the file f2 and a sector group 94 of the file f3.
This is an example recorded during the period. As the file f2, notice software or demo version software that may be copied is recorded. After the file f3, the product version software whose copying is not permitted is recorded.

It is assumed that such a disk is copied by a copying machine in units of sectors or files. In the sector arrangement after copying, as shown in FIG. 7B, the error table 20 and the file f2 are copied as they are, but the sectors after the file f3 are not copied because of the error sector 90. In this way, a copy-free disc for notice and a copy-prohibited disc, which is a product, are not manufactured and distributed separately, but both can be realized and distributed with one disc, and disc resources can be distributed. Can be used effectively.

(3) Although the above embodiment is an example of a single-sided disk, it may be applied to each side of a double-sided disk.

(4) Although the above-described embodiment uses a general optical disk as an example, an area in which an error table can be recorded,
In other words, although it is necessary for internal processing in the signal processing circuit, there is a part which is not output to the outside at the time of reproduction and is invisible from the outside. , MO disk,
The present invention is applicable to various recording media such as a DVD (Digital Video Disc) -ROM and a magnetic disk.

[0045]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Since a unique sector containing an error is intentionally provided and described in the error table, the following effects are obtained. (1) Unauthorized copying is satisfactorily identified and prevented, and security information can be easily changed with relatively simple equipment. (2) The types of errors are extremely diverse, and strong security is possible. (3) Since the main information is not processed, the reliability of the main information is maintained as it is. (4) By devising the arrangement of the error sectors, it is possible to store the copy permission file and the copy permission file in one disk.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a physical sector configuration of a disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a physical sector configuration in a general disk.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a state in which copying is performed in sector units.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a state in which copying is performed in file units.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a main part of one embodiment of a disc identification / playback apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an operation of disc identification.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a physical sector configuration in another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Disc 12 ... Lead-in area 14 ... Data area 16 ... Lead-out area 20 ... Error table 22,23,24,32,33,34 ... Sector 25 ... Error data 26 ... File allocation table 50 ... Pickup 52 ... Amplifier 54 ... Data processing system 56 ... Deinterleave / correction circuit 58 ... Data decoder 60 ... Header decoder 62 ... Decoding system 64 ... Disk processor 66 ... Memory 68 ... Servo processing system 70,72 ... Driver 74 ... Spindle motor 76 ... Host processor 78 ... Digital filter 80 D / A converter 82, 84 Buffer amplifier 90 Error sector 92.94 Sector group SA Header part SB Main data part SC Error correction part f1, f2, f3 File

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A disc including a main information area and an information management area, wherein error data is recorded in at least one sector of the main information area, and the error data and the information of the sector are recorded in the information management area in an error manner. A disk characterized by being described as a table. 2. The disk according to claim 1, wherein the error data is recorded in a sector having a number smaller than the number of a sector in which a copy-prohibited file is recorded. 3. The error data is recorded in a sector located between a sector where a copy-permitted file is recorded and a sector where a copy-free file is recorded. Disk. And reading error data corresponding to the description information of the error table, and
4. The disk identification method according to claim 1, wherein the disk is identified by comparing the error information with the description information of the error table. 5. A memory means for storing description information of the error table; a table reading means for reading the error table and storing it in the memory means; and referring to the error table stored in the memory means, Error reading means for reading error data to be read; identification means for identifying a disc by comparing a reading result by the error data with descriptive information of an error table stored in the memory means. 1, 2, or 3
The disc identification device according to any one of the above. 6. A disk reproducing apparatus including the identification device according to claim 5, further comprising an exclusion unit for excluding the disk when the identification unit identifies the disk as an illegal copy. apparatus.