JPH10317883A - Method of ultrasmall bore drilling construction - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve workability by excavating a small bore pit, in which a diameter is specified, by a drill pipe while adjusting drilling as monitoring the locus of the pit by a measuring instrument. SOLUTION: When a pit having a diameter of 120-230 mm is excavated along a designed curve penetrated from a ground surface 21 to a ground 20, an excavation bit 2 corresponding to soil and the quality of rocks is pushed into the ground 20 while rotating a drill pipe 1 installed at a front end by an excavator 10, and the bit 2 is turned by a mud motor 3 driven by high- pressure water. High-pressure water is sent in from the pipe 1 as required, and injected into the ground 20 from the front end of the bit 2. The orientation, inclination, position, etc., of the pit are detected by a measuring instrument 5 while or the direction of the injection of high-pressure water are adjusted and the bit 2 is moved forward as adjusting the locus of the pit along the designed curve. Accordingly, the pit having a small bore can be executed efficiently and accurately, and the method of extra-small bore drilling construction can be utilized for the wide field of a piping, transport, communication, power generation, a subsurface structure, a tunnel, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ultra-small bore drilling method. In the present invention, an ultra-small hole has an inner diameter of 2 mm.
It refers to a hole of 30 mm or less.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When there is an obstacle on the ground and a pipeline or the like is to be installed in the ground to avoid the obstacle, conventionally, a starting shaft and a reaching shaft are provided, and between the two shafts by a propulsion method or the like. There is a technique for forming a conduit. As a technique for installing a pipeline in the ground without excavating such a shaft, Japanese Patent Publication No.
Japanese Patent No. 40840 discloses a method and a device for laying a casing or a conduit along an inverted arch-shaped underground tunnel, and sequentially excavating a large-diameter underground hole using a washover pipe to form a casing. Alternatively, a technique for constructing a conduit is disclosed.

Further, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-13480 discloses a method of laying a steel pipe from a starting point to an end point under an obstacle such as a river, and presses a pilot bit with a boring rod to form an arc-shaped pipe. Drill a pilot hole, attach a drill bit to this boring rod, attach a drill pipe behind the drill bit, drill while rotating the drill pipe, and use a drill reamer or dredging reamer on the starting point side as the final step. Attach, install the middle pipe behind the reamer so as to rotate with the reamer, cover the steel pipe to be laid on the middle pipe, provide the swivel joint on the reamer, pass the steel pipe through it, and rotate the middle pipe. Meanwhile, there is disclosed a technique in which a steel pipe is laid in an arc-shaped hole by being pushed into the hole.

[0004]

In these techniques, an arcuate curved boring hole which traverses a river or the like underground is firstly excavated, and this is sequentially expanded to form a pipe. Such a technique is not a technique for attempting to use an ultra-small hole after drilling. The present invention has a diameter of 120 to
It is an object of the present invention to provide an invention in which an ultra-small hole having a curved path of 230 mm is precisely excavated in the ground, and the hole is directly used for various uses. In this case, it is of course possible to expand the hole and quickly construct the line pipe.

[0005]

The present invention is characterized by taking the following technical means. That is, the present invention selects a formation of a drilling tool according to the soil or rock quality to be drilled when drilling a drilling hole having a diameter of 120 to 230 mm along a planned curve to enter the ground from the ground surface. Attach to the tip of the drill pipe, rotate the drill pipe,
This is an ultra-small bore drilling method characterized by excavating a hole while adjusting the locus of the hole according to the direction, inclination, and position of the hole monitored by a measuring device.

In this case, it is preferable that the drilling fluid is jetted from the nozzle of the bit of the drilling tool through the drill pipe to excavate, and the jet jet is deflected or the trajectory of the hole is adjusted by a vent sub. In the present invention, the ultra-small diameter refers to a diameter of 230 mm or less.
As the ultra-small bore, a bore of 120 mm to 230 mm is targeted.

[0007] The planning curve includes a river crossing route, an airfield runway crossing, a soil or groundwater contamination monitoring or countermeasure hole, a ground improvement hole, a liquefaction countermeasure hole, a landing / shoreline approach, an urban underground crossing route, a mountain penetrating route. Route, landslide prevention drainage route, water stop grout hole, survey boring hole, tunnel measurement hole route, tunnel surrounding hole, transmission line underground insertion route, and tunnel excavation drainage route Preferably, the use of the planning curve is a pipeline, a transmission line, an optical fiber route, a cogeneration (district heating / cooling system), a lifeline, a drainage channel, a measurement hole,
And it can be suitably used for any application selected from the group consisting of injection holes.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The ultra-small bore drilling method according to the present invention has a diameter of 120 to 120 mm along a planned curve that enters the ground from the ground surface.
It excavates a 230 mm borehole. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of such a drilling method, and shows a digging tool suitably applied to particularly hard soil and rock. The drill pipe 1 is made to enter the underground 20 to be excavated from the ground surface 21 obliquely. A drill bit 2 is mounted on the tip of the drill pipe 1, and a mud motor 3, a vent sub 4, a measuring device 5, and a non-magnetic collar 6 are mounted subsequently thereto. High pressure water is fed from the drill pipe 1 and injected into the ground from the tip of the drill bit 2. The drilling device (propulsion device) 10 pushes the drill pipe 1 into the ground while rotating it, and detects the traveling direction, that is, the direction, inclination, and position of the hole by the measuring device 5, and sprays the high-pressure water along the planned curve. The drilling bit is advanced while adjusting the drilling or adjusting the hole trajectory by the vent sub. The mud motor 3 is driven to rotate by high-pressure water to rotate the bit.

The measuring device 5 is a means for detecting a magnetic signal transmitted from the bit side to measure the position and depth of the bit from the ground, a means for measuring with a gyro or geomagnetism, and a means for measuring with an artificial magnetic field formed on the surface of the earth. Measurement means selected from the above can be used. It is also possible to use these two or more means in combination. FIG. 2 shows a configuration of a drilling tool used for geological conditions such as hard soil and gravel, in which a drill bit 2, a vent sub 4, a measuring device 5, and a non-magnetic collar 6 are mounted. FIG. 3 shows a digging tool applied to soft soil, in which a biased digging tool is attached to the tip, and the traveling direction of the hole is adjusted by adjusting rotation and pressing.

[0010] Next, the planning curve of the present invention includes a river crossing route, an airfield runway crossing, a soil or groundwater pollution monitoring or countermeasure hole, a ground improvement hole, a liquefaction countermeasure hole,
It consists of a shoreline approach, an urban underground route, a mountain penetration route, a landslide prevention drainage route, a water stop grout hole, a survey boring hole, a tunnel measurement hole route, a tunnel surrounding hole, a transmission line underground insertion route, and a tunnel excavation drainage route. Characterized in that it is selected from the group, and the use of the planning curve is a pipeline, a transmission line, an optical fiber route, a cogeneration (district heating and cooling system), a lifeline, a drainage channel, a measurement hole, and It can be suitably used for any application selected from the group consisting of injection holes.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the excavation of a very small diameter along the planned curve 11 from the surface 21 to the underground 20 across the river 23 to the bottom of the river and the other side. Various pipes, transmission lines,
It can be used as a path for an optical fiber or the like. FIG.
Indicates a drilled ultra-small borehole along the planned curve 11 from the ground surface 21 on the shore of the ocean, lake, or marsh 24, through the underground 20, and offshore. It can be used as a route for oil or other landing, shoreline approach, various pipelines, transmission lines, optical fibers, etc., and can be installed without any influence on the breakwater 25, port facilities, and the like.

FIG. 6 shows a plan curve 11 from the ground surface 21 to the destination through the underground 20 across the urban ground structure 26.
Are provided with an ultra-small diameter hole. FIG. 7 further shows that various pipelines, transmission lines, optical fibers, cogeneration, various lifelines, and the like can be installed across the various underground structures 27 without affecting them.

FIG. 8 shows an example in which a hole is excavated along the planned curve 11 between the ground surfaces on both sides across a mountain, a hill, or the like 28. FIG. 9 is an explanatory view in the case where a landslide countermeasure drainage hole is constructed in the landslide area 29. FIG. 9 shows a vertical cross-sectional view of the landslide ground. FIGS. 10 and 11 show examples of plan views thereof. It is explanatory drawing which constructs many drain holes in the landslide surface 12 of the landslide area 29 or underground 20 below it. An ultra-small bore drainage hole is drilled from the ground surface 21 through the underground 20 along a number of planning curves 11. According to the present invention, it has become possible to construct a long-distance, highly-accurate ultra-small-diameter drainage hole instead of the conventional short-range, low-accuracy water collecting boring.
FIG. 10 shows a state in which the excavator 10 is installed at one place and excavates ultra-small-diameter drain holes in many directions in the landslide area 29. It is also possible to drill ultra-small boreholes from multiple locations in multiple directions according to the actual situation.The drilling is performed from a safe place outside the landslide area, and the water collection is performed in a very small size so as to make the water flow wait. An effective drainage can also be achieved by arranging a caliber drain hole. FIG. 11 shows how to construct an efficient drainage path by excavating ultra-small diameter drainage holes from a plurality of positions 10 and 10 along a large number of planning curves 11 and sequentially connecting them in a network. . FIG.
2 is a large number of collecting wells 14 for collecting groundwater in the hydrous layer 13.
FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a stratum showing an example of constructing an ultra-small-diameter drainage hole in the ground along a planned curve 11 penetrating the bottom of the seam. Conventionally, a tunnel or the like was constructed for drainage from such a well 14, but the present invention has made it possible to easily and effectively drain from a number of wells.

FIG. 13 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a still water grout injection hole such as the upper pond 30 of a pumped storage power plant. The pumped-storage power generation pumps water into the upper pond 30 using nighttime electric power, and operates the power plant 31 via the water conduit 32 at the peak of the electric power consumption. The upper pond 30 needs to prevent water from penetrating underground, but in recent years there are few upper pond development sites with good ground, and it is important to prevent water leakage. In this case, a number of grout holes are cut from the ground surface 21 to the underground 20 along the planned curve 11, and waterproof grout is constructed under the lower surface of the upper pond 30.

FIG. 14 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to survey drilling of a submarine tunnel or the like that crosses the sea 33. Conventionally, such a survey is carried out by performing a plurality of vertical drillings from the sea to investigate the geology and the like. In this case, only the data of several positions of the tunnel route were obtained, and the middle was based on the estimation. The only way to clarify this was to drill and confirm the survey tunnel. On the other hand, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to excavate a hole having a very small diameter along the planned curve 11 along the planned line of the submarine tunnel, and to continuously perform geological surveys, etc. In the meantime, a complete investigation is possible. Although this example has been described with reference to an example of a tunnel crossing the sea 33, the same technology is applied to a land instead of the sea 33.

FIG. 15 shows an example applied to a case where a measurement hole is provided prior to the construction of a tunnel 34 underground in a city. From the inside of the shaft 35, for example, a very small diameter hole is excavated along the planned curve 11 in the underground 20 above the path of the tunnel 34, and the underground stress, displacement, etc. are measured, and the subsidence check is performed. I do. By providing this ultra-small hole along the tunnel several meters above the tunnel, it is possible to accurately grasp the displacement and the loosening of the ground accompanying the tunnel excavation.

FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b) show that a number of ultra-small holes along the planned curve 11 are excavated around a tunnel 36 to be constructed, and a solidifying material, for example, a water glass system, is cut out from these holes. An example is shown in which a cement-based solidified material is injected into the ground, water is stopped, and then tunnel excavation is started. When the tunnel 36 to be constructed is below the groundwater level 37, a freezing method of supplying a cooling medium may be used instead of chemical injection of a solidified material or the like. FIG. 17 (a) shows an ultra-small hole for repair to maintain the soundness of the tunnel itself when the back surface of the existing tunnel lining has become sparse or damaged due to the effects of water or the like for many years. Things. Conventionally, for such repair, as shown in FIG. 17 (b), the working machine 54 was brought into the tunnel to perform injection hole excavation and repair material injection. Therefore, there is a serious problem that construction is restricted by traffic in a railway tunnel and traffic is restricted by a construction in a road tunnel. On the other hand, according to the present construction method, as shown in FIG. 17A, the construction can be performed from the outside of the tunnel 36 through the hole in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and all the above problems can be solved.

FIG. 18 shows an example of underground burial of a transmission line in a heavy snowfall area or a mountain area. In the method of erection of transmission lines by erecting a tower, transmission line accidents due to snow damage are unavoidable in heavy snowfall areas. In order to prevent such an accident from occurring, the burying work 38 is performed by a trench excavation burying method. In such a case, at a position crossing the high mountain 39, an underground hole is provided underground along the planned curve 11,
A transmission line is inserted into this hole.

FIG. 19 shows a cycle in which, when the tunnel 40 to be constructed passes through the water-containing layer 41, draining boring and water stopping boring are conventionally performed from the excavation face, water excavation is performed after water treatment. Excavation was in progress.
In the present invention, an ultra-small diameter hole is excavated along the planning curve 11 in parallel without affecting the tunnel excavation work behind the excavation face, and drainage work and water stop work are performed.

FIG. 20 shows oil pipes, transmission lines, communication cables, distribution pipes, etc. between positions crossing the runway 43 of the airfield 42, for example, between the airfield facility 44 and the oil tank 45 or the radar site 46. Is shown. In this case, a planned curve can be set below the runway 43 without any restrictions on the facilities and operation on the ground, and an ultra-small borehole can be constructed along this curve.

FIG. 21 shows an example in which a monitoring hole or a countermeasure hole in the soil / groundwater contaminated layer 48 is constructed. The soil / groundwater contaminated layer 48 or the like stays on the underground impermeable layer 47 and moves or diffuses with the groundwater. According to the present invention, a drilling hole is constructed along a planned curve 11 arranged one-dimensionally to three-dimensionally along an area or a contaminated layer where contamination is to be monitored, and a hole for monitoring soil or groundwater contamination or a hole for countermeasures. can do. In this case, as shown in FIG. 21, it is possible to effectively cope with contamination below the building 49 or the like. Further, as a countermeasure against contamination, it is possible to cope with removal, detoxification, solidification, sealing, and other various countermeasures of contaminants.

FIG. 22 shows an example applied to ground improvement. A planned curve 11 is set in the ground 50 requiring improvement according to a required number and a required arrangement, and a hole is excavated along the planned curve 11 to perform chemical injection or the like. The area 50 requiring ground improvement may be from near the surface to a certain depth, a specific underground layer, or a lower area such as a building. FIG.
Shows an example in which the present invention is applied as a measure against liquefaction of the ground. Conventionally, measures against liquefaction of the ground during an earthquake include increasing the density of the ground, improving or consolidating the size of the stratum constituting the ground, decreasing the saturation of contained water, dissipating pore water pressure, suppressing shear deformation, etc. Is being done. Conventionally, the means for increasing the density of the ground is a technique of compacting the ground surface or a shallow layer from the ground or a technique of constructing a vertical hole such as a sand drain. In addition, except for grouting by boring, grain size improvement or consolidation means is replacement or mixing of earth and sand from the surface,
Further, conventional means for lowering the degree of saturation of contained water, dissipating pore water pressure, suppressing shear deformation, and the like also use well points, gravel drains, sheet piles, and the like formed by vertical holes up to about 20 m from the ground surface. On the contrary,
In the present invention, the depth, direction, and route are freely determined. For example, the planned curve 11 is set in the liquefaction-possible stratum 51, and a hole along this is excavated. Can respond. According to the method of the present invention, the building 5
It is also possible to carry out the work below 3, and it is also possible to take measures by selecting only the liquefied formation 51 deeper than the groundwater level 52. In addition, by consolidating the earth and sand particles or solidifying the pores of the formation layer 51 which may be liquefied, the density of the formation layer can be increased and the shear deformation can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to achieve suppression of shear deformation by injecting a chemical solution or the like between the holes, or to disperse pore water pressure by installing a drain in the holes. In addition, in order to reduce the saturation of water containing, such as sand layers that cause liquefaction of earth and sand,
A new liquefaction countermeasure can be taken in which extremely fine air bubbles are sent into the stratum from a pipe installed in the hole.

[0023]

According to the present invention, the ultra-small bore drilling method can be used for various applications, and a wide range of technologies including civil engineering such as piping, transportation, communication, power generation, power transmission and distribution, underground structures, tunnels and the like. It can be applied to various fields and greatly contributes to labor saving, rationalization, shortening of construction period, and improvement of fund efficiency.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an underground sectional view showing an ultra-small bore drilling method according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a drilling tool.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a drilling tool.

FIG. 4 is an underground sectional view showing an ultra-small bore drilling across a river.

FIG. 5 is an underground cross-sectional view showing an ultra-small bore drilling by landing and shoreline approach.

FIG. 6 is an underground sectional view showing an ultra-small bore drilling underground in an urban area.

FIG. 7 is an underground sectional view showing an ultra-small bore drilling underground in an urban area.

FIG. 8 is an underground sectional view showing an ultra-small bore drilling across a mountain area.

FIG. 9 is an underground sectional view showing a landslide countermeasure water distribution hole.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a plan view of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is an underground sectional view showing a hole for sewing the bottom of the catchment well.

FIG. 13 is an underground sectional view showing a still water grout.

FIG. 14 is an underground sectional view showing an investigation boring of a subsea tunnel or the like.

FIG. 15 is an underground sectional view showing an urban tunnel measurement hole.

16A is an underground sectional view showing a number of ultra-small diameter holes around a tunnel, and FIG. 16B is a partial perspective view.

FIGS. 17A and 17B show the repair of the back surface of the existing tunnel, and are a perspective view and an explanatory view of the prior art.

FIG. 18 is an underground sectional view showing underground transmission lines in a heavy snowfall area.

FIG. 19 is an underground sectional view showing drainage of tunnel excavation water.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing a buried pipe work crossing a runway of an airfield.

FIG. 21 is an underground sectional view showing a monitoring hole or a countermeasure hole for soil and groundwater contamination.

FIG. 22 is an underground sectional view showing ground improvement.

FIG. 23 is an underground sectional view showing liquefaction countermeasures.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drill pipe 2 Drill bit 3 Mud motor 4 Vent sub 5 Measuring instrument 6 Nonmagnetic collar 10 Drilling rig (propulsion device) 11 Planning curve 20 Underground 21 Ground surface 23 River 24 Ocean, lake and marsh 25 Breakwater 26 Above-ground structure 27 Underground structure 28 Mountains and hills 29 Landslide area 30 Upper pond 31 Power station 32 Headrace 33 Sea 34 Tunnel 35 Shaft 36 Tunnel 37 Groundwater level 38 Burial 39 High mountain 40 Tunnel 41 Water layer 42 Airfield 43 Runway 44 Airfield facility 45 Oil tank 46 Radar Site 47 Water-impervious layer 48 Contaminated layer 49 Buildings, structures, etc. 50 Ground requiring improvement 51 Geologic layer with potential liquefaction 52 Groundwater level 53 Building

Claims (4)

[Claims] When drilling a borehole having a diameter of 120 to 230 mm along a planned curve that enters the ground from the ground surface, the formation of a drilling tool is selected according to the soil or rock quality to be drilled. Attaching to the tip of the pipe, rotating, pushing, and towing the drill pipe, and drilling a drill hole while adjusting the trajectory of the hole according to the direction, inclination, and position of the hole monitored by the measuring instrument. Small diameter drilling method. 2. The drilling machine according to claim 1, wherein the drilling fluid is jetted from the nozzle of the bit of the drilling tool through the drill pipe and excavated to deflect the jet jet or adjust the trajectory of the hole by a vent sub. 1. The ultra-small bore drilling method according to 1. 3. The planning curve comprises a river crossing path, an airfield runway crossing, a soil or groundwater contamination monitor or countermeasure hole,
Ground improvement hole, liquefaction countermeasure hole, landing / shoreline approach, urban underground route, mountain penetration route, landslide prevention drainage route, water stop grout hole, survey boring hole, tunnel measurement hole route, tunnel surrounding hole, transmission line The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hole is selected from the group consisting of an underground insertion route and a tunnel excavation drainage route. 4. The use of the planning curve is in a pipeline,
4. An application selected from the group consisting of a transmission line, an optical fiber route, a cogeneration, a lifeline, a drainage channel, a measurement hole, and an injection hole.
The ultra-small bore drilling method according to any one of the above.