JPH10316453A - Laminate and window using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a laminate having an image such as vertical division, stripe, checkered pattern, dot, letter or abstract pattern, by laminating and sealing an aqueous solution of a polymer or a hydrogel changing light transmission with rise in temperature together with a hydrophobic liquid or gel incompatible with water so as not change the whole face in the same manner but to partially provide perspective. SOLUTION: A water-soluble polymer (e.g. hydroxy cellulose) which agglomerates with rise in temperature and shows cloudy light scattering may be cited, for example, as an aqueous solution of polymer or a hydrogel. A gel having a dimethylpolysiloxane skeleton such as a silicone oil may be cited as a hydrophobic liquid or gel. A laminate of a highly functional aqueous solution 2 and a hydrophobic liquid or gel 3 incompatible with water is laid between a pair of substrates. An isobutyl sealant 4 is excellent in water vapor resistance and is stuck fast to a base 1. A base bonding resin 5 (e.g. epoxy-based resin adhesive) is required for fixing the sealant 4 to the base 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a glass laminate having a function of causing an aqueous solution to change its color or scatter opaque light due to a thermal action. This can provide a window in which, in the summer, in particular, the glass surface which has received the direct rays of the sun has a see-through property, and is shielded from light and glare-proof. In addition, by combining with a thermal element, a partition with an electronic curtain,
It can also be used as a door or display.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, under the concept of coexistence with the environment, there has been a demand for comfortable and energy-saving windows that make effective use of sunlight. Although heat ray reflection glass, heat ray absorption glass and the like have been put into practical use for windows, natural light is blocked in winter, cloudy weather, rainy weather, etc., and there is a problem in the use of daylight because the open feeling is greatly impaired. Therefore, a light control glass capable of reversibly changing and blocking light has been required.

[0003] The inventor has noticed that solar energy is irradiating windows. Depending on the presence or absence of this energy, we have been studying how to make a comfortable living space by causing the window glass to autonomously respond and reversibly change the transparency-light scattering.
We focused on this autonomous response characteristic because it is very attractive not only from the feature of shielding light only on the irradiation surface and the energy saving effect, but also from construction, maintenance and maintenance costs. From this point,
Photochromic method, thermochromic method, and thermotropic method can be selected, but thermochromic that depends only on thermal action that can easily adjust temperature as needed artificially, compared to photochromic method with complicated mechanism and wavelength dependence , Thermotropic method is excellent. Note that the present invention utilizes the fact that the temperature of glass is increased by irradiation with solar thermal energy. Naturally, by adding a heating element and artificially controlling the temperature, the light scattering state can be obtained, and light shielding, image display, and the like can be performed.

[0004] The thermochromic and thermotropic systems relating to the present invention are aqueous polymer solutions or hydrogels having high functionality in water. The thermotropic method reversibly changes between a transparent state and a cloudy light-shielded state depending on the temperature. The thermochromic method changes color depending on temperature. Specifically, the former is a polymer mainly composed of a water-soluble polymer (e.g., hydroxypropylcellulose, a polymer of N-isopropyl-acrylamide, polyvinyl methyl ether, or the like) which aggregates at an increase in temperature and exhibits cloudy light scattering. Aqueous solution, polymer aqueous solution consisting of amphiphilic substance and water-soluble polymer that aggregates with increasing temperature and shows turbid light scattering, hydrogel with three-dimensional cross-linked polymer that aggregates with increasing temperature and shows turbid light scattering Etc.,
The latter is a lyotropic polymer liquid crystal which is a high concentration aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose or the like. The present invention is a laminated body having higher functionality by using the polymer aqueous solution or hydrogel (hereinafter, referred to as a high-performance aqueous solution) that changes the cloudiness and color, and an application thereof.

[0005] A laminate having a high functionality is a laminate having a vertical division, a slit, a checkerboard pattern, a character image, an abstract pattern, etc., even if the temperature of the laminate rises. That is, a laminate having an image in a broad sense. As a specific application, in the case of a window glass of a building, an eaves effect can be obtained by making the upper portion of the window above the line of sight opaque and making the lower portion transparent. When a slit, a grid, or the like is provided, a window through which sunlight can be guided into the room as in the case of sunlight through a tree and through which partial transparency can be secured. Also,
If an image is provided, such as ABC, a display body or the like that does not exist in the past can be displayed depending on the presence or absence of heating. The present inventor has already studied diligently the image forming method in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 3-361226, 5-62502 and 7-134724. For example, a laminate having two or more types of highly functional aqueous solutions, a laminate having a transparent aqueous solution that does not change reversibly from the highly functional aqueous solution, and continuously changing the degree of the cloudy and opaque state by continuously changing the thickness of the highly functional aqueous solution layer There is a laminated body which is changed in terms of quality, a laminated body in which unevenness is provided on the substrate and the layer thickness of the aqueous solution 2 is changed to ensure transparency. The present invention provides a versatile laminate that can be used more widely by a liquid contact method, rather than a method utilizing a mechanical form effect.

[0006] More specifically, Japanese Patent Application No. 3-361226 is disclosed.
Is close to FIG. 2 of the present invention, but the adhesive agent described here interacts with the water molecules of the high-performance aqueous solution, so that the adhesive agent becomes opaque and fogged, so that an irreversible state was exhibited. . In particular, the reaction-curable resin exhibited irreversible unevenness at the boundary when it came into contact with water. This resulted in visual discomfort and was a fatal defect in products that emphasized the fluoroscopic function. In addition, silicone resins, sealants, and rubbers have a basic problem that they have haze, cannot provide clear transparency, and have high water permeability and cannot be used alone as a sealant. Next, Japanese Patent Application No. 7-134724 discloses a method of arranging an adhesive resin or sealant for a dividing line for division, and does not particularly require transparency of the dividing line. For the same reason as above, an adhesive resin (for example, epoxy resin, photosensitive acrylic resin, etc.) is not suitable, and a silicone sealant cannot be used as well. It is needless to say that Japanese Patent Application No. 5-62502 is different from the present invention. Then, the present inventor diligently studied a substance having perfect transparency without haze and capable of maintaining a clear boundary line without being mixed with water, and reached the present invention. The liquid or gel used in the present invention is completely different from conventional solid or rubbery substances such as resin, sealant and rubber.

[0007] The contact of two or more kinds of aqueous solutions means that self-diffusion of low-molecular-weight ions occurs, and the desired initial state could not be maintained. First, the difference in polymer concentration causes a change in concentration due to the diffusion of water molecules.
The difference in the concentration of the electrolyte (for example, sodium chloride) causes a change in the ion concentration due to the ion transfer, and the difference in the concentration of the low molecular weight amphiphile causes the change in the concentration due to the transfer of molecules. However, as the molecular weight of the amphiphilic substance increases, the diffusion rate decreases, but the substance gradually diffuses. Many high-performance aqueous solutions used in the present invention have low molecules, electrolytes, and the like added thereto, and self-diffusion occurs at the contact interface, and the initial state cannot be maintained. Then, the present inventor diligently studied a method applicable to all high-performance aqueous solutions, and reached the present invention.

[0008]

A laminate having a high-performance aqueous solution is divided into upper and lower parts by always having transparency, rather than changing the entire surface in the same manner due to a rise in temperature.
The object is to obtain a laminate having images such as stripes, plaids, dots, characters, and abstract patterns. The window system that satisfies comfort and energy savings while maintaining a feeling of openness can be obtained by freely selecting the ratio of transparency and light shielding properties according to the area ratio, pitch, etc. of the upper and lower divisions, stripes, lattice stripes, and dots. That is.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a polymer whose light transmission changes due to a change in aggregation of molecules dissolved in water due to an increase in temperature. In a laminate in which the aqueous solution or hydrogel is at least partially transparent and the polymer aqueous solution or hydrogel is laminated on a substrate that can be directly viewed, a water-immiscible hydrophobic liquid or gel is laminated together with the polymer aqueous solution or hydrogel. The polymer aqueous solution or hydrogel whose light transmission changes due to agglomeration change of molecules dissolved in water due to an increase in temperature and the sealed laminate and at least a part of the polymer aqueous solution or hydrogel are transparent In a window using a laminate laminated with a substrate that can be viewed directly, the hydrophobicity that does not mix with water together with the aqueous polymer solution or hydrogel There is provided a window comprising a liquid or gel sealed laminated and sealed.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Next, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are sectional views of an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a substrate, 2 is a highly functional aqueous solution, 3 is a hydrophobic liquid or gel immiscible with water, 4 is an isobutyl sealant, 5 is a substrate adhesive resin, and 6 is a thin carrier. It is.

FIG. 1 shows the basis of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in which a highly functional aqueous solution 2 and a hydrophobic liquid or gel 3 are provided between a pair of substrates. As can be seen from this principle diagram, the high-performance aqueous solution 2 scatters white turbid light and shields the sunlight when the temperature rises.
There is no change in light transmission at all due to temperature, the colorless and transparent state is obtained, and sunlight can be always introduced into the room. More specifically, the high-performance aqueous solution 2 used in the present invention changes from a transparent state to a cloudy light-shielded state due to a rise in temperature. Similarly, sunlight can be sufficiently introduced into the room, and in the summer months when the outside temperature is high, the temperature of the part irradiated with the sunlight is selectively increased, and the opaque light is shielded to maintain indoor comfort and contribute to energy conservation. The present invention can provide a window system, and the present inventors have systematically studied.

Therefore, the function of the window is essentially different from that of the wall in that sunlight, which is the most comfortable natural light, is introduced into the room, and the outside scenery and information can be confirmed through the window. Therefore, the present inventors have diligently studied a structure that can always ensure transparency in one glass plate. as a result,
This problem was solved by providing a water-immiscible hydrophobic liquid or gel 3 together with the highly functional aqueous solution 2 as shown in FIGS. More specifically, although not specifically shown, it is a laminate having images such as upper and lower divisions, stripes, plaids, dots, characters, and abstract patterns. Characters and patterns can be used for display bodies such as billboards. Vertical windows, stripes, grid lines, and dots can be used to adjust the area ratio, pitch, etc., and the ratio of transparency and light shielding can be arbitrarily selected. System enabled. Therefore, even in summer, natural light can be introduced as in the case of sunbeams, and an atrium, a skylight, a facade, a ceiling of a passage, and the like with a more open feeling can be obtained. Naturally, in winter, the solar light can be sufficiently introduced into the room while keeping the entire surface transparent. This cannot be a window glass that satisfies both summer and winter seasons, which are completely different seasons, because conventional heat ray reflection glass and heat ray absorption glass cannot take a reversible change. In addition, on days such as cloudy weather, rainy weather, etc., the feeling of opening was significantly reduced. In this way, a window system that satisfies comfort and saves energy while maintaining a sense of openness can be provided by partially transparent glass.

The hydrophobic liquid or gel 3 can be widely used as long as it is a liquid or gel that is immiscible with the highly functional aqueous solution 2, that is, immiscible with water. For example, there are silicone oil, silicone gel, liquid paraffin (for example, High White 350 manufactured by Matsumura Petroleum Institute Co., Ltd.) and the like. In particular, silicone oils and silicone gels have characteristics such as complete colorlessness and transparency, light resistance, heat resistance, and high flash point, and are necessary and sufficient as materials for building materials, and are very useful.
Naturally, as described in the examples, the test was left for one month at 60 ° C. in contact with the highly functional aqueous solution 2, and was very good without any problems such as mixing at the boundary. However, when the temperature was returned to room temperature, water molecules slightly diffused into the silicone were condensed in the silicone and light scattering was slightly observed depending on the angle of the light beam, but this did not affect the transparency at all. This phenomenon also disappeared gradually with standing at room temperature, reversibly changed, and completely returned to colorless and transparent. Therefore, in a normal temperature cycle for one day, the colorless and transparent state could be almost completely maintained, and there was no problem at all. More specifically, both silicone oil and silicone gel are based on a dimethylpolysiloxane skeleton, needless to say. For oil, viscosity can be selected widely and it is chemically stable. For example, KF96 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. is available. Further, a modified dimethylpolysiloxane to which a functional group is added if it is not miscible with water (for example, fluorine-modified FL100, methylstyryl-modified KF410, etc., manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the like can also be used. These may be mixed and used for adjusting the refractive index and the like. Examples of the gel include SE1887, which is a two-part gel of Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co., which gels by an addition reaction to a vinyl group by hydrogen transfer. This gel has a low viscosity before the reaction, is completely colorless and transparent, gels at room temperature, has no reaction by-products, has excellent moisture resistance, and greatly thickens after the reaction, and as a filler to fill the space Very helpful. Representative examples of these water-immiscible silicone oils and silicone gels (hereinafter, referred to as silicone substances) will be mainly described below, but are not limited thereto. The silicone material has water repellency and is hardly dissolved in other materials, and the substance added to the high-performance aqueous solution 2 is basically hydrophilic. It can be said that there is almost no except for a small amount of water.

The high-performance aqueous solution 2 is colorless and transparent when the temperature is low, and when the temperature rises, the dissolved molecules are aggregated to form a cloudy light scattering state, and a light-shielding polymer aqueous solution or It is a hydrogel. In addition, a lyotropic polymer liquid crystal using water as a solvent can be effectively used in the present invention. Specifically, a polymer aqueous solution mainly composed of a water-soluble polymer (eg, hydroxypropylcellulose, a polymer of N-isopropyl-acrylamide, polyvinyl methyl ether, or the like) that aggregates at an increase in temperature and exhibits cloudy light scattering, A main polymer aqueous solution consisting of an amphipathic substance and a water-soluble polymer that aggregates when rising and shows cloudy light scattering. A highly concentrated aqueous solution of hydroxypropylcellulose such as hydroxypropylcellulose, which changes its selective scattered light depending on the temperature and changes its color (which also becomes cloudy at higher temperatures). Type polymer liquid crystal. The present invention
The high-performance aqueous solution 2 is not described here because the high-performance aqueous solution 2 has a higher functionality by using a polymer aqueous solution or a hydrogel that changes turbidity and color. .

The laminate shown in FIG. 1 has the basic form of the laminate according to the present invention, in which a high-performance aqueous solution 2 is laminated between a substrate 1 at least partially transparent and capable of directly viewing the high-performance aqueous solution 2. It was done. The layer thickness of the high-performance aqueous solution 2 is not particularly limited, but may be about 0.01 mm to 2 mm, and a thickness of about 0.2 mm can sufficiently shield light. Sealing is to prevent evaporation of water, and it is highly preferable to seal at least two stages between the substrates. Isobutyl sealant 4 has excellent moisture permeability, has the property of deforming under pressure and adheres to the substrate, and is already used as a sealant for double-glazing, and is useful in the present invention. The substrate adhesive resin 5 is necessary for fixing the isobutyl sealant 4 to the substrate. Examples of the substrate adhesive resin 5 include an epoxy resin adhesive (for example, Flep of Toraythiol Co., Ltd.), an acrylic resin adhesive (for example, a photo bond of Sunrise Meisei Co., Ltd., a photosensitive resin), a polysulfide sealant, and a urethane resin. Sealants, silicone-based sealants and the like can be used. The specific method of use will be described in Examples. Normally, it is preferable to arrange the isobutyl sealant 4 inside and the substrate adhesive resin 5 outside as shown in the figure. Further, if necessary, a three-stage structure, a double-stage structure, or the like may be used to improve the moisture resistance and to prevent direct contact between the isobutyl sealant 4 and the silicone substance. In addition, the present invention
Although not particularly shown, a one-stage sealing structure is not excluded.

In order to reliably control the thickness, a spacer (for example, a glass bead, a resin bead, etc.) may be used for the transparent and directly visible aqueous solution 2 (not shown). In particular, when the size is 50 cm square or more, the spacer is useful for preventing liquid dripping in order to maintain the liquid layer thickness. Furthermore, it is preferable to use a substance having a refractive index close to that of the high-performance aqueous solution 2 because it becomes difficult to visually recognize it. The sealing portion can be used for spacers such as metal wires, glass fibers, and thin plates.

The substrate is only required to be partially transparent and capable of directly viewing the high-performance aqueous solution 2. Various materials, for example, glass,
Plastics, ceramics, metals, and the like can be used. If the material is a plate-like material, a simple substance, a composite material, a material whose surface is processed, or the like can be used, or a combination thereof may be used. In addition, glass sheets as window materials include simple single-pane glass, tempered glass, netted glass, heat absorbing glass, heat reflecting glass, heat absorbing reflecting glass, laminated glass, ultraviolet absorbing laminated glass, transparent conductive glass, and multi-layer glass. ,
There is a composite glass of transparent veneer glass and polycarbonate, etc., which can be used as a pair of substrates according to the purpose by appropriately combining types, thicknesses and the like.

When the present invention is used for a window, ultraviolet rays are strongly received by direct sunlight. Therefore, it is preferable to use an ultraviolet absorbing / cut glass for at least the outer substrate. For example, green glass, glass coated with an ultraviolet absorbing layer,
There are ultraviolet absorbing laminated glass and the like. When the thickness of the substrate outside the window is about 5 mm or more, the transmission of ultraviolet light of 330 nm or less rapidly decreases, which is preferable from the viewpoint of weather resistance. is there.

Further, the laminate of FIG. 2 has a structure in which the high-performance aqueous solution 2 is partially laminated through a thin carrier 5 so that an image can be formed with a clear boundary line. Useful in cases. The partial lamination includes a thin carrier 5 and a substrate 1, a thin carrier 5 and a thin carrier 5, and a highly functional aqueous solution 2 contained in a bag-shaped thin carrier 5. In this way, the carrier can clearly define the line. The thin carrier 5 may be a thin plate glass, a polymer film (eg, polypropylene, polyvinylidene chloride, etc.), a thin metal plate (eg, aluminum foil, stainless steel foil, etc.), a thin ceramic plate, etc., as long as at least one side is transparent. Can be used widely without limitation. The term “thin” means that it is not necessary to be particularly thick, and may be a thin material that can be used for work.

The windows according to the present invention include windows of ordinary buildings, vehicles such as automobiles and railway cars, and windows of transport machines such as ships, aircrafts and elevators. This window is a broad term and includes things like arcades and atriums, doors with windows, partitions, etc., as well as all-glass doors, screens and walls. Naturally, as a widely used method, a laminate is combined with a building material sash or a vehicle frame to form a laminate having a frame for each use such as a building, a vehicle, and the like, and is simply attached at the site as in the past. Window units are also included in the present invention. This unitization can more securely seal the laminate, and is effective in preventing evaporation of water by permeation, preventing deterioration of the seal by light, etc., and is particularly effective for windows of ordinary buildings, windows of vehicles, and the like. It is effective for semi-permanent or severe use.

Further, a thermal element is provided in order to widen the range of use of the laminate of the present invention, and also serves as a partition for artificially controlling heat as an electronic curtain to block the line of sight. The thermal element may be provided outside the substrate, or may be provided inside the laminate. As the thermal element, there are a transparent conductive film, a carbon paste, a metal paste, a metal wire, a barium titanate-based ceramic, and the like, and a thermoelectric element that can be heated and cooled (for example, a thermo panel of Komatsu Electronics Co., Ltd.) and the like. Can also. The setting of the thermal element may be on the entire surface or on a portion of the substrate.

[0022]

The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 100 parts by weight of hydroxypropylcellulose (hydroxylpropyl group: 62.4%, viscosity of 2% aqueous solution: 8.5 cps, weight average molecular weight: about 60000), polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl -1,3
20 parts by weight of propanediol (average molecular weight 400),
A high-viscosity, highly functional aqueous solution comprising 6 parts by weight of sodium chloride and 200 parts by weight of pure water was prepared. 30cm square
1. Float soda glass with a thickness of 3 mm
A 4 mm linear isobutyl sealant is placed, a high-performance aqueous solution is placed on the upper half of the substrate about every 5 cm square, and the lower half is a dimethylpolysiloxane, Shin-Etsu Chemical K
F-60H-100,000 CS was similarly arranged. With the counter substrate lightly placed on it, further about 1 To
The opposing substrate was pressurized under a reduced pressure of rr to crush the isobutyl sealant to obtain close contact. Thereafter, a photosensitive resin having a glass adhesive property was poured into the gap left at the outermost peripheral portion, and the resin was sealed by light irradiation. As a result, a bubble-free laminate having a thickness of 0.35 mm was obtained. This laminate had good reversible stability at room temperature and 60 ° C. and storage stability at 60 ° C. for one month. The boundary between the two liquids was also kept clean without any particular discomfort. Also, no signs of diffusion of low molecular weight and salt from the highly functional aqueous solution into the dimethylpolysiloxane were observed.

Example 2 A high-molecular liquid crystal comprising 100 parts by weight of hydroxypropylcellulose of Example 1 and 65 parts by weight of pure water which selectively scatter visible light to give a color was prepared. A mask was applied to the center of the same substrate as in Example 1, and a polymer liquid crystal was placed in a square of 15 cm square and 0.3 mm thick. After arranging a linear isobutyl sealant having a diameter of 2.4 mm on the outer peripheral portion of the same substrate as in Example 1,
A mixture of A and B of Toray Dow Corning Silicone SE1887 A and B mixed at 1: 1 and stirred was poured into almost the center, and injection needles were provided at four corners for air release.
A substrate coated with a polymer liquid crystal was laminated as an opposing substrate, pressurized and deaerated, and the linear isobutyl sealant was also crushed to form a bubble-free laminate.
Was gelled. This laminate had good reversible stability at room temperature and 60 ° C. and storage stability at 60 ° C. for one month. The interface and boundary between the two liquids also showed a beautiful color without any discomfort, and were very good. Moreover, it was stable without any change even if it was left in a vertical state for one month. Furthermore, ABC characters were mask-coated and laminated in the same manner, and a good laminate was similarly obtained.

[0025]

The effect of the present invention is to have a water-immiscible hydrophobic liquid or gel together with a polymer aqueous solution or hydrogel whose light transmission changes due to the aggregation change of molecules dissolved in water due to an increase in temperature. The laminate of the present invention does not change the entire surface in the same manner even when the temperature of the laminate increases, but a laminate having upper and lower divisions, slits, plaids, character images, abstract patterns, etc. Having a laminated body could be obtained. As a specific application, in the case of a window glass of a building, an eaves effect can be obtained by making the upper portion of the window opaque variable from the line of sight and always making it transparent without changing the lower portion. When a slit, a checkerboard or the like is provided, sunlight can be introduced into the room from there through as in the case of sunlight through a tree, and partial transparency can be ensured, so that a more comfortable window system can be provided. Also, ABC
If an image is provided as in the above, a non-conventional display body or the like in which the display changes depending on the presence or absence of heating can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Substrate 2 Highly functional aqueous solution 3 Hydrophobic liquid or gel immiscible with water 4 Isobutyl sealant 5 Substrate adhesive resin 6 Thin carrier

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A substrate which is at least partially transparent to a polymer aqueous solution or hydrogel whose light transmission changes due to a change in aggregation of molecules dissolved in water due to an increase in temperature and which allows the polymer aqueous solution or hydrogel to be directly viewed. A laminate obtained by laminating and sealing a hydrophobic liquid or gel immiscible with water together with the aqueous polymer solution or hydrogel. 2. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic liquid or gel has a dimethylpolysiloxane skeleton. 3. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic liquid is liquid paraffin. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least two-stage sealing of the isobutyl sealant and the substrate adhesive resin is provided between the substrates.
The laminate according to claim 2, claim 3, or claim 3. 5. A substrate that is at least partially transparent to a polymer aqueous solution or hydrogel whose light transmission changes due to a change in aggregation of molecules dissolved in water due to an increase in temperature, and which allows the polymer aqueous solution or hydrogel to be directly viewed. A window formed by laminating and sealing a hydrophobic liquid or gel immiscible with water together with the aqueous polymer solution or hydrogel.