JPH08211414A - Autonomous response laminate, its production and window using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To make it stably and uniformly sustain an aq. isotropic soln. even in a turbid state and to stably and reversibly change the turbid state and transparent state by adding a specific ionic org. material to the aq. soln. CONSTITUTION: This autonomous response laminate is formed by laminating the aq. isotropic soln. in which the polysaccharide derivatives added with nonionic amphiphilic functional groups dissolved in water are flocculated by a temp. rise to cause a turbid scattering and to lower light transmittance with substrates which are at least partly transparent and allow the direct viewing of the aq. soln. The aq. isotropic soln. of the autonomous laminate is the soln. consisting of water of the volume to make 100 pts.wt. polysaccharide derivatives having an average mol.wt. of about 10000 to about 200000 to about 110 to about 1000 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. polysaccharides and the ionic org. material having a mol.wt. of about <=3000 consisting of 0.05 to 50 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. water. The basic form of the laminate is laminated between the substrates 1 which are at least partly transparent and allow the direct viewing of the aq. isotropic soln. 2.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to shielding of light rays when a laminate is irradiated with sunlight, and the aqueous solution changes into turbidity due to the heat effect of the light absorption. This enables buildings, vehicles, etc. with windows that selectively shield only the surface illuminated by direct light. Also, by combining with a heating element, it can be used for partitions with electronic curtains, interior windows such as doors, etc.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a light control glass has been proposed in which a composite glass in which a functional material is incorporated is used instead of a mechanical method and physicochemically reversibly controls light rays. For example, there are methods such as liquid crystal, electromic, fine particle polarization alignment, photochromic, and thermochromic. Also,
Heat-absorbing glass and heat-reflecting glass have been used for windows in order to prevent sunlight energy from entering the living space.
However, heat-absorbing glass and heat-reflecting glass certainly prevent the penetration of solar energy into the living space, but have the drawback that coloring and surface glare remain, and the original colorless and transparent goodness of glass is reduced. From the surface, the control of visible light, which has about half the energy of sunlight, is still insufficient. In addition, light control glass has a relationship with energy conservation measures, as described in detail in the 1991 New Glass Industry Countermeasures Research Report (Global Warming Prevention Measures) of the New Glass Forum. Is strongly expected to develop.

Therefore, the present inventor has noticed that sunlight energy is applied to the window. We examined whether or not this energy causes the window glass to autonomously make a transparent and opaque reversible change to make it a comfortable living space. We paid attention to the fact that this autonomous response characteristic is very attractive not only in the feature of shielding only the irradiation surface and the energy saving effect, but also in construction, maintenance and maintenance costs. From this point, the photochromic method and the thermochromic method can be selected, but rather than the photochromic method, which has a complicated mechanism of action and wavelength dependence, a thermochromic method that can easily adjust the temperature as needed artificially is only dependent on the thermal action. The chromic method is excellent. Note that the solar energy reaching the earth is in the range of 290 nm to 2140 nm, of which approximately 80% in the visible to near infrared region of 400 nm to 1100 nm, and the visible region is larger than the near infrared region. There is a need to. This indicates that controlling the visible range is important not only for the blindfold effect but also for energy saving and antiglare effects. It should be noted that the present invention utilizes the fact that when an object is irradiated with light, it absorbs light and is converted into heat, and the heat raises the temperature of the object. In addition,
The temperature may be artificially controlled by a thermal element for use.

The materials used in the thermochromic system have not yet been put into practical use due to insufficient properties, as shown in the above-mentioned documents. Therefore, in order to be widely used as a thermochromic glass, the following conditions must be satisfied. 1. Reversible transparent-opaque phase change. 2. Reversible changes can be repeated without phase separation. 3. The phase transition start temperature is low. 4. Achromatic or unchanged color. 5. Be durable. 6. There is no pollution such as toxicity. As an autonomous response material that may satisfy these conditions, we focused on an aqueous solution that undergoes a phase transition from colorless and transparent to cloudy and opaque state when the temperature of the aqueous solution rises. This is also advantageous from the standpoint of fail-safe because it is transparent in the normal state and clouding is prevented by adding energy.

Conventionally, the cloud point phenomenon of nonionic surfactants has been well known as an aqueous solution which becomes cloudy and opaque due to temperature rise, and its application for this purpose has also been studied, but it will be explained. Phase separation was easily caused without satisfying the above conditions 1 and 2. It is also known that an isotropic aqueous solution of a nonionic water-soluble polymer (for example, polyvinyl alcohol partial acetalized product, polyvinyl methyl ether, hydroxypropyl cellulose, poly N-isopropyl-acrylamide, etc.) also shows cloudiness change. In the same way, the application to this purpose (Sho 41-19256,
Japanese Patent Application No. 51-049856 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-7948) have also been examined, but the above-mentioned conditions 1 and 2 cannot be satisfied and they have not been put into practical use. The laminated body of the water-soluble polymer aqueous solution takes a colorless and transparent uniform aqueous state at room temperature,
When heated and left in a cloudy opaque state, phase separation occurs,
Uneven concentration occurred in the aqueous solution and a stable reversible change could not be obtained. Furthermore, when it was made into a laminated body and left to stand vertically, the white turbid agglomerates were settled and separated due to the difference in specific gravity, and unevenness was not generated, so that it could not be used. Methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose (Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-1987) have also been studied, but even a low-concentration aqueous solution of about 4% by weight, which is used in the examples, has a haze due to coarse and fine density caused by minute non-uniformity, and is a colorless transparent homogeneous aqueous solution. I couldn't get it. In addition, since the light-shielding property is weak (in a general spectrophotometer, even small scattering of parallel rays does not enter the light-receiving part and is measured as an apparent increase in light-shielding), so a high-concentration, thick liquid layer is used to enhance the light-shielding property (for example, , 0.2 mm thick, 20% by weight of methylcellulose, 5
The haze was increased to 4% by weight of methyl cellulose (mm thickness, etc.) and it became like frosted glass or template glass, resulting in poor visibility. Further, even when heated and aggregated, the change was small and scattering reflection like white paper was not observed, and phase separation and unevenness of water also occurred when the 20 wt% aqueous solution was left at 60 ° C. for 3 hours. Further, especially for use in windows, it is necessary to shift the cloudiness starting temperature to a low temperature near room temperature. Therefore, when an inorganic electrolyte or the like was added, phase separation, unevenness, etc. became remarkable. This is because the binding water is broken by the ions, the hydrophobic bond of the water-soluble polymer is strengthened, and the cohesive force becomes larger. Further, when the concentration of the water-soluble polymer was increased in order to sufficiently shield direct rays, phase separation and dissolution failure due to cloudy aggregation occurred. Therefore, Japanese Patent Publication Sho 61-7
As in the example of 948, even if the light-shielding property is obtained for a layer thickness of a low-concentration aqueous solution of 5% or less, uneven density of convection due to low viscosity, unevenness of density due to aggregation, weak light-shielding power due to low concentration, and low viscosity at breakage It has not yet been put into practical use due to problems such as pollution problems that the liquid scatters. Furthermore, a gel obtained by mixing various compounds (international application PCT / EP86 / 00360)
However, there is still a problem with uniform reversible stability and it has not been put to practical use.

Therefore, the present inventor has noticed that a water-soluble polysaccharide derivative having a nonionic amphipathic functional group added thereto may show cloudy aggregation and can maintain hydrophilicity. did. As a representative example of the functional group, a hydroxypropyl group having a good hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance was selected, and it was noted that an aqueous solution of the polysaccharide derivative could sufficiently block the direct light of the sun even in a thin film. Then, paying attention to a polysaccharide in the main chain and a hydroxypropyl group in the side chain, a structurally stable cellulose was selected as the representative example in the main chain, and the aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose was studied in detail. Its manufacturing method is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-9398.

As already known, an aqueous solution of 50% by weight or more of hydroxypropylcellulose becomes a lyotropic polymer cholesteric liquid crystal, which exhibits properties peculiar to cholesteric liquid crystals and depends on the viewing angle due to selective scattering of visible light. 7 shows a multicolored iridescent interference color. Also,
The dislocation temperature shifts depending on the molecular weight, the concentration, the amount of the electrolyte added, and the like, but at a certain temperature or higher, the state becomes cloudy and opaque and reversibly changes. Therefore, further study was made to satisfy the above condition 4. The selective scattering wavelength of this liquid crystal is red-shifted due to a decrease in concentration or an increase in temperature. Therefore, the concentration was gradually reduced to a concentration (for example, 56% by weight) that selectively scatters near-infrared rays at around 20 ° C., and the device was devised so as to satisfy the condition for achromaticity. ℃
Before and after, the selective scattering of red color was observed, which was unsatisfactory. As described above, the change in color depending on the temperature and the viewing angle impedes the degree of freedom in designing a building, a vehicle, or the like, and thus cannot be used in most cases. Therefore, this concentration is made thinner (for example, 5
(2% by weight), a two-phase state of a liquid crystal phase and an isotropic phase was obtained, and light scattering was observed and the transparency was remarkably impaired, and it could not be used. These phenomena were similarly observed, although they varied somewhat depending on the molecular weight. Also, when observed from a right angle, that is, from the front, even in a colorless and transparent state in which near infrared rays are selectively scattered, there is still haze due to scattering and unevenness peculiar to the liquid crystal composition, that is, it is impossible to obtain a monodomain state in a large area and it is like glass. The transparency was not obtained. Further, once frozen, even when the temperature was returned to room temperature, unevenness of linear defects in the cholesteric phase occurred.

In order to be widely used for buildings, vehicles, etc. in a large area like conventional glass, it is very important to secure the original colorless and transparent nature of glass without dependence on the viewing angle. Therefore, the present inventor has diligently examined again an isotropic aqueous solution of a water-soluble polysaccharide derivative having a nonionic amphipathic functional group showing neither a viewing angle dependency nor a transparent state and a cloudy opaque state. As a result, the reversible change of the isotropic aqueous solution can be stably and stably repeated, and the present invention has been achieved by solving the defects which have remained as a basic problem and could not be put to practical use.

[0009]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Using an isotropic aqueous solution of a polysaccharide derivative to which a nonionic amphiphilic functional group is added, a uniform colorless transparent state and a sufficiently cloudy opaque state are observed depending on the viewing angle depending on the temperature change. (EN) Provided are a laminate which can be repeatedly and reversibly changed stably without any property, a method for producing the same, and a window using the same.

[0010]

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a polysaccharide derivative having a nonionic amphiphilic functional group dissolved in water is added. In an autonomous responsive laminate in which an isotropic aqueous solution that aggregates due to a rise in temperature and causes white turbidity scattering and has a small light transmittance, at least a part of which is transparent and the aqueous solution is directly visible, The aqueous polysaccharide solution is a polysaccharide derivative 1 having a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 200,000.
100 parts by weight of 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative and about 110 to about 1000 parts by weight of water and 100 parts by weight of the water.
An auto-responsive laminate which is a solution of an ionic organic substance having a molecular weight of about 3,000 or less consisting of 0.05 to 50 parts by weight with respect to parts by weight, and a nonionic amphiphilic functional group as a manufacturing method thereof. Added weight average molecular weight of about 10,000
100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative of about 200,000 to about 110 to about 100 parts by weight of 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative.
0 parts by weight of water and 0.
An isotropic aqueous solution of an ionic organic substance having a molecular weight of about 3,000 or less, which is composed of 0 to 50 parts by weight, is sealed between the substrates, at least a part of which is transparent, and the aqueous solution can be directly viewed. And a polysaccharide derivative having a nonionic amphiphilic functional group added thereto, which is dissolved in water, aggregates due to a rise in temperature to cause clouding scattering, resulting in light transmission. In a window using an autonomous response laminate in which at least a part of an isotropic aqueous solution having a small rate is transparent and the aqueous solution is directly visible, the isotropic aqueous solution has a weight average molecular weight of about 10 ，
Water in an amount of about 110 to about 1000 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative, and 0.05 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the water. And a molecular weight of about 3,000
It provides a window that is a solution of the following ionic organic substances.

In the aqueous solution used in the present invention, a polysaccharide derivative having a nonionic amphipathic functional group added thereto (hereinafter referred to as amphipathic polysaccharide derivative) dissolved in water aggregates due to an increase in temperature. It is an autonomously responsive isotropic aqueous solution having the basic composition of an amphipathic polysaccharide derivative, an ionic organic substance, and water that cause cloudy scattering to reduce the light transmittance. 1. Reversible transparent-opaque phase change. 2. Reversible changes can be repeated without phase separation. 3. The phase transition start temperature is low. 4. Achromatic or unchanged color. 5. Be durable. 6. There is no pollution such as toxicity. That is, this object was met for the first time by adding an ionic organic substance having a molecular weight of about 3,000 or less to the above-mentioned aqueous solution of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative. As described above, the present invention makes it possible for the first time to stably and reversibly change an isotropic aqueous solution containing an amphipathic polysaccharide derivative that causes a cloudy and opaque state when the temperature rises.

The amphipathic polysaccharide derivative comprises a nonionic functional group and is about 20% to about 50% by weight at room temperature.
Even if the concentration is high, it can be uniformly dissolved to form an aqueous solution and becomes cloudy and opaque as the temperature rises. Polysaccharides as a raw material are not particularly limited, cellulose, pullulan, dextran and the like can be widely used, as a specific example of its derivative, hydroxypropyl cellulose obtained by high addition of propylene oxide, hydroxypropyl pullulan, Examples include hydroxypropyl dextran. Among them, cellulose derivatives are
High stability is important. Unless otherwise specified, the cellulose derivative is mainly described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Further, when the weight average molecular weight of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative is small, aggregation is small and cloudiness is weak, and when it is large, aggregation is too large due to a polymer effect and phase separation is likely to occur, which is not suitable. Therefore, about 10,000
It is in the range of 0 to about 200,000, and about 15,000.
It is preferably about 100,000. Further, two or more kinds of derivatives having a molecular weight distribution may be mixed and used.

Cellulose becomes soluble in many solvents when functional groups are added. In order for the aqueous solution of the cellulose derivative, which dissolves uniformly in a high concentration at room temperature, to become cloudy and aggregated due to the increase in temperature, a hydrophobic bond is attached to the functional group (bonding force due to an increase in affinity between hydrophobic groups due to destruction of bound water). Need to work. For that purpose, an amphipathic functional group is required. If the functional group is an ionic group, ionic repulsive force works and is unsuitable for this purpose, and a hydrophilic group, for example, a hydroxyl group, an ethylene oxide group, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond and a hydrophobic group, For example, a nonionic group having both a methyl group and an ethyl group is preferable. For example, hydroxyethyl cellulose added with a hydroxyethyl group is
It has a hydrophilic group (hydroxyl group, ethylene oxide group) and is water-soluble, but since it has no hydrophobic group (methyl group), it cannot be aggregated and does not generate a cloudy aggregated state. Further, as described above, the polysaccharide derivative to which only a hydrophobic group such as a methyl group or an ethyl group is added is too hydrophobic and has a problem in solubility in water, which is not suitable for the present invention. On the other hand, for example,
Hydroxypropyl cellulose to which a hydroxypropyl group is added is water-soluble and can generate a cloudy aggregated state. More specifically, Japanese Patent Publication Sho 42-10
Addition of about 2 (about 40%) or more hydroxypropyl groups per anhydroglucose unit of cellulose as shown in 640 gives hydroxypropylcellulose having good solubility. As represented by the hydroxypropyl group, a functional group having both a nonionic hydrophilic group (hydroxyl group) and a hydrophobic group (methyl group) is added, and at a room temperature, about 20% by weight to about 50% by weight is added. %, An amphipathic polysaccharide derivative that is uniformly dissolved in water even at a high concentration of 10% and becomes cloudy and aggregated with an increase in temperature is useful in the present invention. Examples of other functional groups include β-OH-butyl group, α-Me-β-OH-propyl group, β-OH-γ-Cl-propyl group, as described in JP-B-60-2343. There are β-OH-putyryl groups and the like, and cellulose derivatives and the like to which they are added are useful. The addition of the functional group may be a single type or a plurality of types and is not particularly limited. For example, there is a derivative in which an additional functional group is added to the hydroxyl group of the added hydroxypropyl group, a derivative in which a hydroxypropyl group is added as an additional functional group (eg, addition to hydroxyethyl cellulose, etc.), and a single functional group is added. It is not limited to the derivative. In this way, even at a high concentration of about 25 wt% to about 50 wt% at room temperature, evenly dissolved in water,
In addition, any water-soluble amphipathic polysaccharide derivative that becomes cloudy and aggregates when the temperature rises may be used. These functional groups and their addition methods are disclosed in detail in Okura Organic Chemistry Vol. 19 published by Asakura Shoten. By combining these methods with general addition / substitution reactions, hydroxyl groups and lower alkyl groups can be obtained. ,
A hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance can be prepared by adding a halogen group or the like.

The ionic organic substance is a compound having both a hydrophilicity of an ionic group and a hydrophobicity of a hydrophobic group and having a molecular weight of about 3,000 or less, and an isotropic aqueous solution of the above-mentioned amphipathic polysaccharide derivative is used. It acts to prevent phase separation when cloudy and agglomerated. The principle of action of ionic organic substances is that when an amphipathic polysaccharide derivative is clouded and aggregated, it is taken into the inside of this aggregate at the molecular or micellar state level, as well as the water molecule, and the water molecule becomes bound water. Therefore, it seems that phase separation does not occur. However, even if an ionic organic substance is added, if the ratio of water to 100 parts by weight of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative is about 1,000 parts by weight or more, and more surely about 500 parts by weight or more, water molecules are taken up. May be insufficient, free water may increase and cause water separation, resulting in phase separation. In fact, the addition of a low molecular weight ionic organic material weakens the aggregation and shifts the onset temperature of cloudy aggregation to a higher temperature. However, the onset temperature of cloudy aggregation depends on the composition of the aqueous medium (water-mixing ratio of ionic organic substance), the concentration of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative-aqueous medium,
It can be controlled depending on the type of ionic organic substance, and can be lowered to around room temperature, which is important from the viewpoint of practicality, and further down to room temperature. For example, the start temperature of cloudy aggregation can be lowered by adding sodium chloride as a temperature shift agent, and this start temperature can be controlled by the addition amount thereof. This is because the inorganic ion has a function of destroying bound water having an ice-like structure in the vicinity of the hydrophobic group to promote the hydrophobic bond. Furthermore, at this time, the hydrophobic group of the ionic organic substance forms a hydrophobic bond with the hydrophobic group of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative, and the hydrophilic group maintains the uptake of water molecules by hydration, and It is thought that the phase separation is prevented because the overall phase balance is maintained by the specific action of the organic substance. On the other hand, in the absence of the ionic organic substance, hydrophobic bonds are generated between the molecules of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative, and together with the polymer effect by this, aggregation becomes dense and phase separation occurs, resulting in an irreversible change system. Therefore, by stacking an isotropic aqueous solution containing an ionic organic substance between the substrates, it has an onset temperature of cloudy aggregation at or near room temperature, and it has stable and reversible changes that are not possible in the past. The body is obtained. In addition, this laminated body undergoes stable repetitive reversible changes even when frozen at low temperatures. As described above, there has not hitherto been obtained one that can uniformly and reversibly change over the entire temperature range.

This basic principle can be widely used without particular limitation as long as it is an amphipathic polysaccharide derivative which causes cloudy aggregation when the temperature of the aqueous solution rises due to the effect of the hydrophobic bond. On the low concentration side, the ratio of water to 100 parts by weight of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative is about 1,000 parts by weight or less, preferably about 500 parts by weight or less. On the high-concentration side, it is not particularly necessary to increase it, and the effect of the hydrophobic bond is weakened, and phase separation does not occur, but the cloudiness and light-shielding are weakened, and the viscosity becomes high, making it difficult to uniformly stack without bubbles. Therefore, it is preferably about 50% by weight or less. Although not limited to about 50% by weight or less, a colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution is obtained unless the content is about 50% by weight or less in the case of a liquid crystal phase and an interference color such as hydroxylpropylcellulose. hard. From the standpoint of practicality, it is much easier to produce the compound if the viscosity of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative is reduced to a lower value. For example, an isotropic aqueous solution containing an amphipathic polysaccharide derivative having a concentration of about 30% by weight, which can be obtained by ordinary stirring and mixing, can be defoamed relatively easily. This isotropic aqueous solution was placed on a substrate, laminated and pressed, washed, and sealed at the outer periphery to obtain a bubble-free uniform laminate. Thus, from the viewpoint of cloudiness aggregation and its reversible stability, the amount of water is about 100 to about 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative.
0 parts by weight, preferably about 110 to about 5
It is preferably 00 parts by weight.

Next, the ionic organic substance has an ionic group and a hydrophobic group and has a molecular weight of about 3,000 which is soluble in water at room temperature.
It is the following compound. The ionic group may be, for example, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, an ammonium group, or a zwitterionic ion. The counter ion includes an alkali ion, an ammonium ion, a halogen ion and the like. If the molecular weight of the ionic organic substance is low, it must have a hydrophobic group. The hydrophobic group can be widely used regardless of whether it is aliphatic or aromatic. Generally, aromatic compounds tend to have too strong hydrophobicity, but ionic groups have strong hydrophilic properties and can be used for this purpose if they are dissolved in water. Next, the ionic organic substances that can be used in the present invention will be described more specifically. The low molecular weight and oligomeric ionic organic substance should be balanced with the hydrophobic group because the ionic group has strong hydrophilicity. For example, substances having strong hydrophilicity such as sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium gluconate, and sodium benzenedisulfonate have a relatively weak effect of hydrophobic bond and tend to cause phase separation.
Therefore, in a low molecular weight ionic organic substance, the number of carbon atoms not having a hydrophilic group (eg, ionic group, hydroxyl group, etc.) bonded to each ionic group is 3 or more (eg, butyl group, etc.),
More preferably, it is 5 or more (eg, benzene group, hexane group, etc.). The alkyl group has 2 carbon atoms.
Up to about 2 high-class groups can be used. Further, in the case of an oligomer (for example, sodium polyacrylate), the vinyl main chain and its effect did not limit the above. Due to the polyion effect, the addition amount may be relatively small, and as the addition amount was increased, the cloudiness initiation temperature shifted to the low temperature side.

Therefore, as an example of the ionic organic substance,
Anionic fatty acid salts (eg potassium laurate, sodium stearate, etc.), alkyl sulfate ester salts (eg sodium lauryl sulfate ester), benzene sulfonates (eg sodium benzene sulfonate), alkylbenzene sulfonates Acid salts (eg, sodium xylensulphonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, etc.), benzoates (eg, sodium benzoate, etc.), N-acyl amino acid salts (eg, sodium lauroyl sarcosine, sodium lauroyl methylalanine, etc.), alkyl Phosphates (eg sodium lauryl phosphate), N-acyl taurine salts (eg N-lauroylmethyl taurine sodium), polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulphonates (eg , POE-4-nonylphenyl ether sulfonate sodium, POE-2-lauryl ether sodium sulfonate, etc.), alkane sulfonate (eg, sodium hexane sulfonate), fatty acid monoalkanolamide alkyl sulfonate ester salt (eg, Lauric acid sodium monoethanolamide sulfonate, etc.), lower alkylnaphthalene sulfonates (eg, sodium propylnaphthalene sulfonate, etc.), alkyl diphenyl ether disulphonates (eg, sodium lauryl diphenyl ether disulphonate, etc.), dinaphthyl methane disulfone There are sodium acid salts, and as the cationic ones, alkyl ammonium salts (eg, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride), alkyl benzides There are ammonium salts (for example, benzalkonium chloride), amphoteric fatty acid amide propyl betaine (for example, lauric acid amido propyl betaine), and an aqueous solution of an oligomer of sodium polyacrylate (for example, AQUALIC DL-324 manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.). / Molecular weight: about 2,000, etc., sodium polyacrylate-sodium maleate cooligomer aqueous solution (for example, AQUALIC TL-4 manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.)
25 / molecular weight: about 3,000). As such, any ionic organic substance having an ionic group and a hydrophobic group and having a molecular weight of about 3,000 or less, which is soluble in water at room temperature, is not limited thereto.

The amount of the ionic organic substance may range from about 0.05 parts by weight to about 50 parts by weight, preferably about 0.1 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of water present in the isotropic aqueous solution. An amount of about 30 parts by weight is preferred. Further, two or more kinds of ionic organic substances may be mixed and used. In addition, as shown in the examples, by adjusting the composition of the isotropic aqueous solution, it is possible to freely design the cloudiness change rate and cloudiness start temperature. This is useful for indoor and outdoor windows that require a semi-transparent state at room temperature, electronic curtains such as indoor partitions whose temperature is controlled by a heat element, and special industrial applications (for example, temperature sensor).

Next, the temperature shift agent which is an additive for adjusting the phase transition temperature will be described. The addition of an inorganic electrolyte is very effective in shifting the temperature of phase transition to a cloudy state to the low temperature side. This is because the steepness of the white turbidity change with respect to temperature can be maintained and the temperature can be greatly shifted to the low temperature side. The type is not particularly limited as long as it is water-soluble, and examples thereof include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium nitrate and sodium sulfate. The addition amount may be 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of water, and normally about 1 to 8 parts by weight is preferable for use in windows and the like. Further, compounds having a small solubility in water and having a hydrophilic group such as sec-butyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, and dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether can be used as a low temperature shift agent. preferable. The amount of water added is 100
It may be 0.5 to 20 parts by weight with respect to parts by weight.
Further, the addition of a water-soluble oligomer or polymer having a large molecular weight such as polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl alcohol also shifts the temperature to the low temperature side due to the polymer effect. The amount added may be 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of water.

In addition, a coloring agent for arbitrarily coloring the isotropic aqueous solution or an ultraviolet absorber for improving light resistance may be added, and a near infrared absorber may be added for absorbing heat rays. Good. The colorant may be dissolved in water, for example,
C. I. Direct Blue 86, C.I. I. Aci
d Red8, C.I. I. Acid Yellow 11 and the like. The addition amount may be 0.01 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the isotropic aqueous solution. The ultraviolet absorber needs to be water-soluble, for example, Sumisorb 110S of Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., and the neutral water-soluble ultraviolet absorber recently developed by Ciba-Geigy is very useful in the present invention. . The amount of addition is 1
It may be 0.01 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 00 parts by weight. Further, if the air (oxygen) dissolved in the isotropic aqueous solution is replaced with an inert gas (for example, nitrogen, argon, helium, etc.) in order to further stabilize it, an antioxidant effect can be obtained. It is particularly preferable when used for a long period of time such as windows. The water may be ordinary pure water. Furthermore, neutralization of the isotropic aqueous solution prevents thermal deterioration, and it is also preferable to add an organic or inorganic pH adjusting agent. The aqueous medium referred to in the present invention is a low-viscosity liquid composed of water and an ionic organic substance, and may further contain the above-mentioned cloudiness initiation temperature shift agent.

Next, using an ionic organic substance, for example, hydroxyl propyl cellulose (hydroxyl propyl group: 62.4%, 2% aqueous solution viscosity: 8.5 cp)
s, average molecular weight: about 60,000) 100 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, 6 parts by weight of sodium chloride and 200 parts by weight of pure water were prepared at 20 ° C. to prepare a colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution. Asahi Glass Company 10c
This isotropic aqueous solution having a thickness of 0.2 mm was provided between float soda glasses having an angle of m and a thickness of 6 mm to form a laminate. The reversible stability of this laminate at room temperature and 60 ° C. and the stability when left for a long time at 60 ° C. were both good without phase separation. The light transmission spectrum of this laminate was measured. Using a U-4000 type spectrophotometer manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., which is suitable for measuring a large sample that scatters light, the center of the laminated body is brought close to the window of the integrating sphere (about 1 mm) to 350 nm to 1,500 nm. FIG. 8 shows the results of measuring the light transmission spectra in the ultraviolet region, the visible region and the near infrared region.
1 is an initial spectrum at room temperature (about 20 ° C), 2 is about 45 ° C
And the spectra of 3, 4, 5 and 6 were measured while cooling from this temperature. It can be seen that this laminate returns to the original initial spectrum completely while maintaining the property of selectively blocking visible and ultraviolet light.

Next, the structure of the laminate according to the present invention and the window using the same will be described. 1, 2 and 3 are
1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one example of the laminate of the present invention, in which 1 is a substrate, 2 is an isotropic aqueous solution, 3 is a sealant, and 4 is a frame.

The laminated body of FIG. 1 has the basic form of the laminated body according to the present invention, and at least a part of the isotropic aqueous solution 2 is transparent, and the isotropic aqueous solution 2 is laminated between the substrates 1. It was done. The layer thickness of the isotropic aqueous solution 2 is not particularly limited, but may be about 0.01 mm to 2 mm,
A thickness of about 0.2 mm can sufficiently shield light. Sealant 3
Is to prevent the evaporation of water, and at the outer periphery,
It may be arranged between the substrates or may be arranged outside thereof. Further, the fixed frame 4 (for example, a U-shaped material, an L-shaped material, a metal tape, etc.) may be provided via the sealant 3.
The frame 4 is particularly effective in the case of a manufacturing method in which an isotropic aqueous solution is laminated and then sealed. In addition, in order to facilitate more robust sealing and production, for example, the outer peripheral portion is temporarily sealed with a metal tape with an adhesive, an adhesive rubber, a quick curing resin, etc., and then isotropically attached to the outer peripheral portion. It is also possible to carry out multi-stage sealing such as a method of washing and removing the aqueous solution and the like and then fixing the frame through the sealant 3. Furthermore, corner caps may be used as auxiliary frames at the ends. Further, in a laminated body having external terminals for energization, it is sufficient to fix the laminated body while paying attention to a short circuit due to a frame, and there is no need to particularly explain. Examples of the sealing agent 3 include epoxy resin (for example, Flep of Toraythiocol), acrylic resin (for example, Photobond of Sunrise Meisei, which is a photosensitive resin), polysulfide sealant, isobutylene sealant, and water resistance. The acrylic adhesive or the like can be used, and if necessary, an inorganic sealant that adheres to glass (for example, Cerasolzer manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) may be used.

In order to reliably control the thickness, it is preferable to use spacers (eg, glass beads, resin beads, etc.) also in an isotropic aqueous solution layer (not shown) which is transparent and can be directly viewed. In this case, the refractive index of the isotropic aqueous solution 2 (about 1.
It is preferable to use a substance close to 4) because it becomes difficult to see. Further, it is also possible to fix the spacer to the substrate if necessary.

The substrate only needs to be partially transparent so that the isotropic aqueous solution 2 can be seen directly, and various materials such as glass, plastic, ceramics, metal, etc. can be used. A simple substance, a composite material, a material whose surface is processed, and the like can be used, and they may be used in combination. For example, a combination of glass and a black-dyed aluminum plate makes the aluminum plate a high light absorber and is effective for autonomous response. Further, the glass plate as the window material is a simple single plate glass, tempered glass, netted plate glass, heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass, heat ray absorbing / reflecting glass, laminated glass, ultraviolet ray absorbing laminated glass, transparent conductive glass, multi-layer glass. There are transparent single-plate glass and polycarbonate composite glass, which can be used as a pair of substrates by appropriately combining types, thicknesses and the like. The shape of the cut surface is
Ordinary right angle, about 45 degrees, partial oblique cut, etc. can be freely selected and used for sealing structure, production, etc. Although not particularly shown, the substrates may be selected so that the encapsulant pool is provided by stacking different-sized substrates, stacking staggered substrates, or the like. Further, it is preferable in terms of durability to coat the surface of the soda lime glass and the transparent conductive film, which is in contact with the isotropic aqueous solution, with silica for protection.

The heat ray absorbing glass of the present invention is coated with heat ray absorbing glass designed to absorb sunlight energy, heat ray reflecting glass (which absorbs strongly together with reflection), heat ray absorbing / reflecting glass, and a near infrared absorbing agent. Refers to glass, etc.
Among them, for example, a green heat ray absorbing glass (for example, Greenral SP of Central Glass Co., Ltd.) designed to strongly absorb ultraviolet rays and near infrared rays due to the addition of cerium, titanium, and addition of iron, Low-E glass. It is preferable to use a colorless transparent heat ray absorbing glass, a blue heat ray reflecting glass, or the like. If a substrate that efficiently absorbs sunlight energy is used on at least one side, both substrates may be made thinner, and as a result, the heat capacity of the laminate becomes smaller and the return to the transparent state is quickened. . Further, for example, a composite in which a low-E glass (for example, K glass manufactured by Pilkington Co., Ltd.) is laminated by adding a gas layer to a laminate in which an isotropic aqueous solution 2 is placed between an ultraviolet absorbing glass and a simple single plate glass. A window using a multi-layer laminate can provide an unprecedented window that has a colorless and transparent property, energy saving, and weather resistance, and effectively and autonomously responds to the selective light shielding function. It is needless to say that a pair of ordinary simple single glass plates can also be used in the present invention because they absorb sunlight energy and are heated. If the substrate thickness on the outside of the window is about 5 mm or more, the ultraviolet ray transmission of 350 nm or less will be drastically reduced, which is preferable from the viewpoint of weather resistance. Of course, the thicker the layer, the stronger the heat ray absorption and the thicker the plate for selective light shielding. is there.

Further, the laminated body of FIG. 2 has an isotropic aqueous solution 2
Is a laminated body in which the layer thickness is continuously changed to continuously change the degree of cloudiness and opacity. This is effective for use in adjusting the solar radiation near the window. In FIG. 3, a certain portion of the aqueous solution 2 is thinned or eliminated to ensure transparency (for example, a rear window of an automobile) or image information such as graphics, characters, and abstract patterns is displayed (for example, , Advertising devices, etc.) can be a laminated body.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of another embodiment, in which isotropic aqueous solutions 2-1 and 2- having different compositions are used.
2 is a laminate in which image information can be displayed according to the difference in the degree of cloudiness. The aqueous solutions 2-1 and 2-2 may be arranged in parallel or in series. Alternatively, the aqueous solution 2-2 may be a normal polymer solution (for example, an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer) that dissolves in water having almost the same concentration to form a laminate capable of displaying image information depending on whether or not it is cloudy. This image information can be used without being particularly limited to figures, characters, abstract patterns, and the like. In the case of serial connection, thin glass or transparent film may be used for separation.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of still another embodiment, in which at least one substrate is provided with an ultraviolet absorbing layer 5 (this substrate is set outside the window). The ultraviolet absorbing layer 5 is formed on the surface of the substrate (for example, ultraviolet blocking glass manufactured by Iwaki Glass Co., Ltd., Atom Varian UV manufactured by Atom Chemical Co., Ltd.).
Etc.), the inside of the substrate (eg, butyral film laminated glass having an ultraviolet absorber, laminated glass in which a liquid or paste type ultraviolet absorber is placed between a pair of substrates) and the substrate itself (eg, Central Glass Green). Ral SP, ITY of Isuzu Seiko Glass Co., Ltd., Firelight of Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.) may be used. Ordinary soda lime glass absorbs ultraviolet rays, but when it is thin, it easily transmits ultraviolet rays. Therefore, when a thin plate of about 4 mm or less is used, it is preferable to provide the ultraviolet absorbing layer 5. But 5m
When it is more than m, UV absorption of 350 nm or less is also enhanced, which is advantageous.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of still another embodiment, in which the solar heat is stored in the gas layer by using the principle of the hot box so that the temperature rise effect and the heat insulation effect of the conventional double glazing are provided. In addition to the laminated body, 6 is an additional substrate, 7 is a gas layer, and 8 is a sealing of the gas layer. This structure corresponds to a laminated body of the present invention in which a substrate on one side of conventional double-glazing is used. In addition, it is preferable to use netted glass as the additional substrate 6 and use this glass surface as the indoor side from the viewpoint of energy saving and safety such as damage. This is because the glass may be damaged if the temperature rises too high. In particular, when combined with the ultraviolet absorbing layer of FIG. 5, it is very effective for skylights, atriums and the like.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment, in which a thermal element is further provided in order to further expand the range of use of the laminate of the present invention, and the heat is artificially controlled as an electronic curtain. The thermal element layer 9 is provided on the laminated body for blocking the line of sight. The thermal element layer 9 may be provided outside the substrate or may be provided in a sandwiched state in the laminated body. As the thermal element, there are a transparent conductive film, carbon paste, metal paste, metal wire, barium titanate-based ceramics, etc., and a thermoelectric element that can be heated and cooled (for example, a thermopanel of Komatsu Electronics Co., Ltd.), etc. should also be used. You can also The thermal element can be set on the entire surface of the substrate or a part thereof. In addition, it may be divided into stripes so that heating can be performed uniformly, and image information can be displayed by an imaged thermal element or by selectively irradiating the substrate surface with infrared rays (eg, laser). It may be displayed. Although not shown in particular, it is preferable that the sealing portion does not have a thermoelectric element so as not to be heated, or the resistance is reduced by a metal conductor. Further, it is preferable to mask the inner peripheral portion of the sealing because it is difficult to heat the transparent portion and the transparent portion that is likely to occur on the outer peripheral portion of the laminate can be shielded from light. Naturally, it can be automatically controlled by combining with a sensor and a control circuit. In addition, a cold heat medium (for example, dry air,
The temperature of the laminated body may be controlled by circulating antifreeze water or the like. Especially, if the waste heat of the automobile is used to shield the light, it is effective not only for comfort but also for energy saving in the cooling in the summer. In winter, if you use an air layer, it will become double glazing and you can prevent it from getting cold from the window. Further, by using the laminated body of the present invention as a window glass on the entire ceiling portion, it is possible to realize a new concept automobile satisfying both openness and comfort.

The windows according to the present invention include windows for ordinary buildings, windows for vehicles such as automobiles and railway cars, windows for transportation machines such as ships, aircraft and elevators. This window has a broad meaning, and includes glass ceilings such as arcades and atriums, doors with windows, partitions, etc., as well as transparent glass doors, partitions and walls. Naturally, as a widely used method, an autonomous response laminated body is combined with a building material sash or a vehicle frame into an autonomous response laminated body having a frame for each application such as a building and a vehicle, and at the site, as in the conventional method. The window unit which is simply attached is also included in the present invention. This unitization makes it possible to more reliably seal the autonomous response laminated body, and is effective in preventing water evaporation due to permeation, prevention of sealing deterioration due to light, etc. In particular, windows of ordinary buildings, windows of vehicles, etc. It is effective for semi-permanent use and severe use.

Further, this isotropic aqueous solution is treated with a hollow rod-shaped body,
Spheres, microcapsules, resin sheets, or the like may be applied to form a plate shape by lamination, parallelization, matrix formation, or the like, and if a part is transparent and the aqueous solution can be directly viewed, It shall be included in the laminate.

The laminated body according to the present invention can be obtained by a solution method in which an isotropic aqueous solution having the above-mentioned composition is laminated between substrates, a solid coating film made of a polysaccharide derivative on a substrate, a single film, a thin rod,
It can be produced by a solid method in which small spheres and the like are provided and then contact-dissolved between an aqueous medium and a substrate to obtain an isotropic aqueous solution having the above-mentioned composition. At that time, even if flow unevenness occurs during pressure lamination, if left for several days, it will be homogenized by self-diffusion.
There is no particular problem.

In the solution method, since the isotropic aqueous solution has a relatively high viscosity, it is preferable to take measures against the inclusion of bubbles. The bubbles mixed by the usual stirring and dissolution may be defoamed by flowing the slope under reduced pressure. As a more effective method, a low-concentration aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer is rapidly aggregated and settled, and a high-concentration aggregate precipitated at the bottom of the container is taken out by a snake pump, etc. There is a method of quantitatively continuously obtaining the high-concentration aqueous solution. In order to obtain such an aqueous solution more quickly and reliably, an aqueous solution of an amphipathic polysaccharide derivative uniformly dissolved by using water containing 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight of an electrolyte (eg, sodium chloride) instead of pure water. It is advisable to heat the solution to make it cloudy and turbid, and to degas or defoam by stirring and reducing the pressure at the time when the viscosity is rapidly lowered, and then leave it to stand to allow it to settle. This high-concentration amphipathic polysaccharide derivative aqueous solution and an ionic organic substance, a low-viscosity medium such as an aqueous medium containing an electrolyte, etc. are uniformly mixed with a static mixer so as to have a desired composition. An aqueous isotropic solution is obtained. According to this method, isotropic aqueous solutions of various amphipathic polysaccharide derivatives can be easily obtained by changing the composition of the low-viscosity medium, which is very convenient. This isotropic aqueous solution may be placed between the substrates, pressure-laminated, and then the outer periphery may be sealed. This solution method is suitable not only for manufacturing the laminated body of FIG. 1, but also for manufacturing the laminated bodies of FIGS. 2 and 3 and laminated bodies such as curved glass. Alternatively, an isotropic aqueous solution having a desired composition may be thinly applied to the entire surface of the substrate with a coater such as an applicator, left to stand for defoaming, and then the counter substrate may be laminated. This leaving method is
Since it is in a thin film state, it can be performed in a short time. Further, if necessary, it may be left under saturated steam. For stacking, pay attention to air bubbles, and use the sides or flexure to make contact from the center and match the surfaces. Further, in order to prevent bubbles from being mixed in, the counter substrate may be laminated under a reduced pressure of, for example, about 1 Torr. Furthermore, in order to prevent foaming of the coating layer due to depressurization, a device for pure water, which is a solvent, is provided inside the depressurizing device to preferentially foam and evaporate the solvent, so that the coating film surface can be dried without the need for precise control of depressurization. Effective in preventing air bubbles from entering.

The solid method is a method of diffusing an aqueous medium into an amphipathic polysaccharide derivative between substrates to form an isotropic aqueous solution having a uniform target composition, and as described above, various forms of solid can be used. Although not particularly limited, a simple coating film method is very effective. This coating film method is a method in which an amphipathic polysaccharide derivative is applied to a substrate by a usual method, dried, and then a counter substrate is laminated at a constant interval. In this case, there are a simultaneous laminating method in which this counter substrate is laminated via an aqueous medium and then sealed, and an injecting laminating method in which the aqueous medium is injected into the gap through the injection hole and then sealed after the substrate is sealed at the outer periphery. is there.
In the latter method, the temperature for sealing formation can be set to 100 ° C. or higher, so that a wide range of sealing agents can be selected, and good sealing can be easily obtained. In particular, it is suitable for use with solder that adheres to glass (for example, Cerasolzer manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.).
Also, what is important is that the whole solid method can be said that in the case where the degassed aqueous medium is not used, innumerable fine bubbles are generated on the entire surface with the diffusion and dissolution of water. As a result of examining the cause of this problem, it was found that the dissolution of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative liberates the air dissolved in the aqueous medium. But the problem is
It has been found that the problem can be solved by using an aqueous medium in which dissolved air is removed by heating to 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 70 ° C. or higher, or an aqueous medium deaerated under reduced pressure. It should be noted that the ionic organic substance may be put in a coating film, film or the like of the solid body. This method may be applied to other additives,
Diffusing only water or water containing an electrolyte in this manner is preferable for homogenizing the additive. Further, according to this solid method, the coating film of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative film is periodically applied or removed in the form of stripes or the like, and the recesses are degassed with an aqueous medium (for example, pure water at 80 ° C.). Etc.) to be laminated, and the excess aqueous medium is discharged from the stripe groove and then diffused and dissolved, whereby an aqueous solution of the target composition can be laminated without a spacer. Similarly, the film may be used after being subjected to processing such as stripe groove, corrugation, and punching. In addition, the heated aqueous medium not only has the advantage of being degassed, but also has the advantage that it is difficult to diffuse and dissolve at high temperatures and the excess aqueous medium can be reliably discharged during lamination, so It is useful for the preparation of isotropic aqueous solutions.

[0037]

[Function] An ionic organic substance is produced when an isotropic aqueous solution having a small light transmittance becomes cloudy due to aggregation of the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative dissolved in water due to temperature rise, resulting in cloudy scattering. It acts to prevent phase separation. The principle of action of the ionic organic substance is that, when the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative is clouded and aggregated by a hydrophobic bond, it is taken into the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative at the level of a molecule or a micelle, and water is taken in, Since the water is treated as bound water, phase separation does not occur and it seems that this phase transition can be repeated reversibly and stably. As a result, when this laminated body of isotropic aqueous solutions is applied to a window, the window is heated by direct sunlight energy, and the irradiated part selectively changes from a transparent state to a cloudy state and is exposed to direct sunlight. The rays are blocked. Depending on the presence / absence of this direct light ray, it is possible to provide a transparent / opaque window that reversibly autonomously responds.

[0038]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. Although hydroxypropyl cellulose, which is considered to be the most suitable as the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative, is used in these examples, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (hydroxylpropyl group: 62.4%, 2% aqueous solution viscosity: 8.5 cps / 20
℃, weight average molecular weight: about 60,000) 100 parts by weight,
6 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 200 parts by weight of pure water, 10 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate (A) and 20 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate (B),
Two types of isotropic aqueous solutions (A) and (B) which were colorless and transparent at 20 ° C. were prepared. This isotropic aqueous solution having a thickness of 0.2 mm was provided between soda-lime glasses having a size of 6 cm and a thickness of 3 mm and sealed to obtain a laminate. This laminate was good without any phase separation in both the reversible repeated test at room temperature and 60 ° C. and the standing stability test at 60 ° C. for 6 hours. In addition, when the laminate was placed 15 mm apart from a black and white striped plate with a pitch of 2 mm in a constant temperature bath, and was visually observed by irradiating a light from above, the white turbidity change was (A) started to become cloudy from 34 ° C. Then, it was strongly clouded and shielded at 40 ° C., and it became impossible to see through at all. In (B), white turbidity started at 36 ° C. and strong white turbidity was shielded at 47 ° C., which made it impossible to see through at all. It should be noted that even after boiling at 100 ° C. for 3 hours, a stable reversible change occurred. In addition,
After freezing at 20 ° C. and then leaving it at room temperature and observing the ice-melting process, the initial state was returned to a uniform colorless and transparent state without any unevenness.

Example 2 In order to check the change depending on the amount of ionic organic substance added and the amount of water, 100 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl cellulose of Example 1 was used, and sodium dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate / pure water (0.12 parts by weight) was added. / 160 parts by weight) aqueous medium (A), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate / pure water (1.2 parts by weight / 160 parts by weight) aqueous medium (B), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate / pure water (12) (Parts by weight / 160 parts by weight), an aqueous medium (C) consisting of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate / pure water (12 parts by weight / 1,000 parts by weight), and colorless and transparent at 20 ° C. (A),
(B), (C), (D) Four types of isotropic aqueous solutions were prepared. After that, a laminate was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Phase separation was observed in (A). In (B), there is no phase separation, which is good, and white turbidity starts at 45 ° C.
It is good because there is no phase separation even in (C), because it is strongly clouded at ℃, and it becomes impossible to see through at all. However, turbidity started at 58 ° C. and there was no phase separation, which was good, but at 75 ° C. or higher, phase separation was observed.

Example 3 A test was conducted by changing the addition amount of sodium chloride, which is a low temperature shift agent of the cloudiness starting temperature. Aqueous medium (A) consisting of pure water / sodium lauryl sulfate / sodium chloride (160 parts / 10 parts / 0 parts by weight) per 100 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl cellulose of Example 1, pure water / lauryl sulfate Aqueous medium (B) consisting of sodium / sodium chloride (160 parts / 10 parts / 1.6 parts), pure water / sodium lauryl sulfate / sodium chloride (160 parts / 10 parts / 4.
8 parts by weight), an aqueous medium (C) consisting of pure water / sodium lauryl sulfate / sodium chloride (160 parts / 10 parts / 8 parts by weight), and colorless and transparent at 20 ° C. (A), (B), (C),
(D) Four types of isotropic aqueous solutions were prepared. After that, a laminate was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. It was good without causing phase separation. Regarding the change in white turbidity, (A) started to become cloudy at 50 ° C. and strongly clouded at 92 ° C., and became completely invisible. In (B), white turbidity started at 43 ° C. and strong white turbidity was shielded at 55 ° C., which made it impossible to see through. (C) begins to turn cloudy at 29 ° C and reaches 40
At 0 ° C, it was strongly clouded and shaded, and it became impossible to see through at all.
In (D), white turbidity started at 27 ° C. and strong turbidity light shielding was performed at 40 ° C., which made it impossible to see through at all. from this result,
It was found that the onset of cloudiness shifted to the low temperature side as the amount of sodium chloride added increased.

Example 4 Further, another temperature shift agent was tested. Aqueous medium (A) consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate / pure water / sec-butyl alcohol (2 parts by weight / 160 parts by weight / 10 parts by weight) with respect to 100 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl cellulose of Example 1, sodium lauryl sulfate ester / Pure water / phenoxyethanol (2 parts by weight / 160 parts by weight / 10 parts by weight) consisting of an aqueous medium (B),
Two types of isotropic aqueous solutions (A) and (B) which were colorless and transparent at 20 ° C. were prepared. After that, a laminate was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. It was good without causing phase separation. As for the change in the cloudiness, (A) started clouding from 43 ° C. and strongly clouded the light at 59 ° C., and became completely invisible. (B) started to become cloudy at 29 ° C. and strongly shielded from clouding at 60 ° C., making it impossible to see through at all.

Example 5 A colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution containing 100 parts by weight of hydroxypropylcellulose of Example 1, 160 parts by weight of pure water and an ionic organic substance was prepared at 20 ° C. A laminate was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. 2 parts by weight of sodium stearate (A), 10 parts by weight of sodium benzenesulfonate (B), 10 parts by weight of sodium lauroyl sarcosine (C), 4 parts by weight of sodium lauryl phosphate (D), hexanesulfonic acid as ionic organic substances Sodium 10 parts by weight (E), sodium dinaphthylmethane disulphonate 3 parts by weight (F), benzalkonium chloride 10 parts by weight (G), lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride 5 parts by weight (H), coconut oil fatty acid amide propyl betaine 3 parts by weight (I), a 40% aqueous solution of a sodium polyacrylate oligomer having a molecular weight of about 2,000 (AQUALIC DL-324 manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) 2 parts by weight (J), a poly (molecular weight of about 3,000) 40% aqueous solution of sodium acrylate oligomer (Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. DL-324) was 2 parts by weight and the 10 types of laminate (J) created and evaluated. All were good with no phase separation or unevenness. The temperature range from the cloudiness start temperature to the point where strong clouding is blocked and no see-through is possible (A): 44-
57 ° C, (B): 47 to 68 ° C, (C): 48 to 81
C, (D): 42 to 54 ° C, (E): 53 to 73 ° C,
(F): 45 to 61 ° C, (G): 47 to 53 ° C,
(H): 32-49 ° C, (I): 45-53 ° C,
(J): 37 to 46 ° C. Thus, the ionic organic substance can be widely selected.

Example 6 Instead of the hydroxypropyl cellulose used in Example 1, hydroxypropyl cellulose (hydroxylpropyl group: 61.6%, 2% aqueous solution viscosity: 2.5 cps /
20 ° C, average molecular weight: about 20,000 (A), hydroxypropyl cellulose (hydroxylpropyl group: 6)
2.6%, 2% aqueous solution viscosity: 5.4 cps / 20 ° C., average molecular weight: about 40,000) (B) was used in an amount of 100 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate,
Two types of colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solutions each containing 6 parts by weight of sodium chloride and 200 parts by weight of pure water were prepared at 20 ° C.
Next, a laminated body was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
(A) is good with no phase separation, starts clouding from 37 ° C, strongly blocks clouding at 44 ° C, and cannot see through at all, and (B) is good without phase separation, clouding from 35 ° C. It was observed that the reaction started, and at 41 ° C., strong opaque light was blocked and no see-through was possible. Also, 2% aqueous solution viscosity: 270c
When a molecular weight as large as ps was also tested, it was found that when the molecular weight was too small, the light-shielding property was weakened, and when the molecular weight was too large, phase separation of water was likely to occur.

Example 6 As comparative examples, an isotropic aqueous solution containing no sodium lauryl sulfate which is an ionic organic substance in Example 1 and two types of isotropic aqueous solutions containing no sodium chloride were prepared. . Next, a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and stability and change in cloudiness were evaluated. In both cases, water phase separated and could not undergo reversible change, and when it was placed upright, sedimentation also occurred. Thus, it can be seen that the presence of ionic organic substances is very important for reversible stability.

Example 7 The aqueous solution (A) of Example 1 having no bubbles was measured at 30 cm square.
A soda lime glass substrate having a thickness of 3 mm was uniformly coated with an applicator to a thickness of 1 mm. While the substrate is depressurized to about 1 Torr, a counter substrate of the same size is brought into surface contact, and then the counter substrate is evenly pressed at atmospheric pressure by a rubber sheet pressurizing method to bring the entire surface into close contact, and then returned to normal pressure. Was washed. Next, a sealing agent (main agent: 100 parts by weight of Flep 60 manufactured by Toray Thiokol Co., curing agent: 28 parts by weight of Daito Clar X-2392 manufactured by Daito Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was applied, and 25 mm was applied.
An aluminum tape having a width was wrapped around the outer periphery of the laminate, and then cured at room temperature to seal it. As a result, it was possible to surely stack in a bubble-free state. The effect of preventing drying was confirmed by placing water in this depressurized tank.

Example 8 To the aqueous solution (A) of Example 1, 200 parts by weight of pure water was further added to obtain a low viscosity aqueous solution. The surface of this aqueous solution was coated with silica to suppress elution of sodium content, 30 cm
After applying to a soda-lime glass substrate having a thickness of 6 mm by an applicator at the corner, resin beads having a diameter of 0.3 mm were sprayed and then dried to coat a solid film having a thickness of 0.1 mm. The coated substrate was dipped in pure water at 80 ° C., which had been replaced with nitrogen, and the same glass substrate as the counter substrate was laminated and pressed, and then pure water was drawn off, and then left at room temperature for lamination. The outer periphery of this laminate was temporarily sealed with a copper tape having an adhesive, and then the outer periphery was thoroughly washed. Then, Example 11
A U-shaped aluminum frame to which the same sealant as that used in 1. was applied was fixed to the outer periphery and sealed. Then, it was left to stand to obtain a colorless and transparent bubble-free laminate without haze.

[0048]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The effect of the present invention is to add an ionic organic substance to an isotropic aqueous solution in which the amphipathic polysaccharide derivative dissolved in water due to temperature rise aggregates to cause cloudy scattering. Even in the cloudy state, it can be maintained stably and uniformly, and further, the cloudy state and the transparent state can be stably and reversibly changed. As a result, when the isotropic aqueous solution used in the present invention is laminated, an autonomous responsive laminate that responds to environmental changes is obtained. When this autonomous response laminated body is applied to a window, when the window is heated by the direct rays of the sun, the irradiated portion selectively changes from the transparent state to the cloudy state, and the direct rays are blocked. Depending on the presence / absence of this direct ray, its intensity, and the balance with the environmental temperature at that time in summer, winter, etc., the transparent, semitransparent, and opaque are automatically changed continuously. this is,
It is possible to provide an autonomous response type new light-shielding glass window that also shields the direct rays of the sun by the energy of the direct rays of the sun, while also having an energy saving effect. As described above, a building, a vehicle, or the like incorporating the window unit including the autonomous response laminated body and the frame such as the sash and the frame has a more comfortable living space while having an energy saving effect. In addition, the temperature of the laminated body can be controlled by an artificial thermal element, so that it can be used more highly.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an autonomous response laminated body according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an autonomous response laminated body in which the layer thickness of an isotropic aqueous solution is continuously changed.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an autonomous response laminated body in which the layer thickness of an isotropic aqueous solution is changed.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an autonomous response laminate in which isotropic aqueous solutions having different compositions are simultaneously put.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an autonomous responsive laminate having an ultraviolet absorbing layer.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an autonomous response laminate having a composite multi-layer structure having a gas layer.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an autonomous responsive laminate having a thermal element layer.

FIG. 8: 350 nm to 1,500 n of an autonomous response laminate
It is the temperature-spectral change in the m region.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Substrate 2 Isotropic Aqueous Solution 3 Sealant 4 Frame 5 Ultraviolet Absorbing Layer 6 Additional Substrate 7 Gas Layer 8 Gas Layer Sealant 9 Thermal Element Layer

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[Submission date] September 9, 1994

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Title: Autonomous response laminate, method for producing the same, and window using the same

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Claims (26)

[Claims] 1. An isotropic aqueous solution in which a polysaccharide derivative having a nonionic amphipathic functional group added thereto, which is dissolved in water, aggregates due to a rise in temperature to cause white turbidity scattering to reduce the light transmittance. In an autonomous response laminate in which at least a part is transparent and the aqueous solution is laminated directly on the substrate, the isotropic aqueous solution has a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 2.
Water of 100,000 parts by weight of 100,000 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative is about 110 to about 1000 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative, and 0.05 to 100 parts by weight of water.
An autonomically responsive laminate, which is a solution of 50 parts by weight of an ionic organic substance having a molecular weight of about 3,000 or less. 2. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide derivative is a cellulose derivative. 3. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide derivative has at least a hydroxypropyl group. 4. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the isotropic aqueous solution further contains a temperature shift agent. 5. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the air dissolved in the isotropic aqueous solution is replaced with an inert gas. 6. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the layers of the isotropic aqueous solution have at least partially different thicknesses. 7. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein two or more kinds of isotropic aqueous solutions or an isotropic aqueous solution and an ordinary water-soluble polymer solution are laminated. 8. The laminate according to claim 1, further comprising a thermal element capable of heating the laminate at least partially. 9. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein a frame is provided on the outer periphery of the laminate. 10. 100 parts by weight of a polysaccharide derivative having a non-ionic amphiphilic functional group and having a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 200,000 is about 110 to 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative. At least a part of an isotropic aqueous solution of an ionic organic substance having a molecular weight of about 3,000 or less, which comprises about 1000 parts by weight of water and 0.05 to 50 parts by weight of 100 parts by weight of water. A method of manufacturing an autonomous responsive laminate, which comprises sealing between transparent substrates that are directly visible to the aqueous solution. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the isotropic aqueous solution is applied to a substrate constituting the laminate, and then a counter substrate is laminated and sealed. 12. The isotropic aqueous solution layer is formed by diffusing and dissolving 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative and about 110 to about 2,000 parts by weight of the aqueous medium between laminated substrates constituting the laminated body. The method of claim 10, wherein the method is forming. 13. An isotropic aqueous solution in which a polysaccharide derivative having a nonionic amphipathic functional group added thereto, which is dissolved in water, aggregates due to a rise in temperature to cause white turbidity scattering to reduce the light transmittance. In a window using an autonomous response laminate in which at least a part is transparent and the aqueous solution is directly visible, the isotropic aqueous solution has a weight average molecular weight of about 1
100 parts by weight of a polysaccharide derivative of 20,000 to about 200,000 is about 110 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative.
A window which is a solution of an ionic organic substance consisting of about 1000 parts by weight of water and 0.05 to 50 parts by weight of 100 parts by weight of water. 14. The laminate according to claim 13, wherein the polysaccharide derivative is a cellulose derivative. 15. The laminate according to claim 13, wherein the polysaccharide derivative has at least a hydroxypropyl group. 16. The laminate according to claim 13, wherein the isotropic aqueous solution further contains a temperature shift agent. 17. The laminate according to claim 13, wherein the air dissolved in the isotropic aqueous solution is replaced with an inert gas. 18. The window according to claim 13, wherein the layers of the isotropic aqueous solution have at least partially different thicknesses. 19. The window according to claim 13, wherein two or more kinds of isotropic aqueous solutions or an isotropic aqueous solution and an ordinary water-soluble polymer solution are laminated. 20. A thermal element is provided, which is capable of heating the laminate at least partially.
Windows described in any of. 21. The window according to any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein a frame is provided on the outer periphery of the laminated body. 22. The window according to claim 13, wherein at least one substrate is made of ultraviolet absorbing glass, and the ultraviolet absorbing glass is directed to the outside of the room. 23. The window according to claim 13, wherein at least one substrate is made of heat ray absorbing glass. 24. The window according to claim 13, further comprising a gas layer provided on the autonomous responsive laminate. 25. The window of claim 24, wherein a cooling medium or a heat medium is circulated in the gas layer to control the temperature of the autonomous responsive laminate. 26. The window according to any one of claims 13 to 25, wherein the autonomous response laminate and the building material sash or the vehicle frame are combined to form a unit.