JPH11265006A - Laminated body and window using the body - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a laminated body produced by laminating an aq. soln. which reversibly changes with temp. changes and has a uniform white and light-scattering state when the soln. is heated between substrates, and to obtain a window using this laminated body. SOLUTION: This laminated body is produced by laminating an aq. soln. 2 described below between substrates 1 through which the aq. soln. can be directly observed. The aq. soln. 2 is prepared by dissolving 0.5 to 45 pts.wt. of an amphiphilic substance which causes clouding phenomenon and which is in an oily state at a room temp. and can be uniformly dissolved in water at the room temp. in 100 pts.wt. of a soln. prepared by dissolving 0.5 to 20 pts.wt. of a nonionic water-soluble polymer which does not cause clouding phenomenon at about <=45 deg.C in 100 pts.wt. of water.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the fact that when a laminate is irradiated with sunlight, the aqueous solution changes to white turbidity due to the thermal action due to the absorption of light, thereby scattering and blocking light. This enables a building, a vehicle, and the like having windows that selectively block and anti-glare only the surface irradiated with direct light. In addition, by combining with a heat element, it can be used as a partition with an electronic curtain or an indoor window such as a door.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, under the concept of coexistence with the environment, there has been a demand for comfortable and energy-saving windows that make effective use of sunlight. Although heat ray reflective glass, heat ray absorbing glass and the like have been put into practical use for windows, they cut off natural light in winter, cloudy weather, rainy weather, etc., greatly impairing the comfort of having an open feeling, and there is a problem in daylight use. Therefore, a light control glass capable of reversibly changing and blocking light has been required.

[0003] Therefore, the present inventor has noticed that solar energy is irradiating windows. We examined whether the window glass could autonomously respond and change the transparency-light scattering reversibly depending on the presence or absence of this energy to create a comfortable living space.
We focused on this autonomous response characteristic because it is very attractive not only from the feature of shielding light only on the irradiation surface and the energy saving effect, but also from construction, maintenance and maintenance costs. From this point,
Photochromic method, thermochromic method, and thermotropic method can be selected, but thermochromic that depends only on thermal action that can easily adjust temperature as needed artificially, compared to photochromic method with complicated mechanism and wavelength dependence , Thermotropic method is excellent. The solar energy that reaches the earth is 290 nm
It should be noted that the visible to near infrared region from 400 nm to 1100 nm occupies about 80%, and the visible region is larger than the near infrared region. This indicates that controlling the visible region is important not only for the blindfold effect, but also for energy saving and anti-glare effects. The present invention utilizes the fact that the temperature of an object increases due to solar energy. Naturally, it is also possible to shield the light in a light scattering state by artificially controlling the temperature by adding a heat element.

[0004] Materials used in thermochromic and thermotropic systems have insufficient properties and have not yet been put to practical use. Therefore, in order to be widely used as thermochromic glass and thermotropic glass, the following conditions must be satisfied. 1. The transparent-opaque phase change is reversible. 2. Reversible changes can be repeated without phase separation. 3. Low phase transition onset temperature. 4. Be durable. 5. No pollution such as toxicity. As an autonomous response material that may satisfy these conditions, the present inventors have paid attention to an aqueous solution that undergoes a phase transition from a colorless transparent state to a cloudy light scattering state due to an increase in the temperature of the aqueous solution.

Heretofore, the cloud point phenomenon of nonionic surfactants has been well known as an aqueous solution that becomes a cloudy light scattering state due to a rise in temperature, and its application to this purpose has been studied. No phase separation was easily caused by temperature rise due to heating, and the above conditions 1 and 2 could not be satisfied. In addition, a polymer aqueous solution of a certain nonionic water-soluble polymer (for example, hydroxypropylcellulose, poly-N-isopropyl-acrylamide, polyvinyl methyl ether, etc.) is aggregated by heating, gels, and exhibits cloudy light scattering. Therefore, the application to this purpose (J.
Japanese Patent Application No. 51-049856 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-7948 are also being studied, but they cannot satisfy the above conditions 1 and 2 and have not been put to practical use. Further, as an application of the hydrogel, there has been an attempt to utilize the white turbidity change of a hydrogel composed of a special reaction mixture composed of at least five components as disclosed in JP-A-63-500042. It cannot be satisfied and has not been put to practical use.
Also, for example, N-isopropyl-acrylamide is
A crosslinked hydrogel such as poly-N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide gel obtained by aqueous polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator using a small amount of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent has also been studied. However, the above conditions 1 and 2 cannot be satisfied, and the device has not been put to practical use. Therefore, the present inventor has studied a new method and, based on the composition described in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-62502, utilizes the principle of the sol-gel phase transition, and agglomerates and scatters white turbid light. The inventors have found that the polymer can be uniformly and reversibly changed without phase separation, and have invented a useful laminate. Furthermore, the present inventors have intensively studied the use of an oily amphiphilic substance having a cloud point phenomenon, which has been left to date, in order to easily cause phase separation between an aqueous layer and an oil layer in a high temperature range. As a result, they have found an aqueous solution that changes reversibly with uniformity due to the sol-emulsion phase transition, and have reached the present invention.

[0006]

An aqueous solution of an amphiphilic substance which is oily at room temperature and has a cloud point phenomenon and is uniformly dissolved in water at room temperature does not phase-separate into an aqueous layer and an oil layer due to an increase in temperature.
It is an object of the present invention to find an aqueous solution composition in which the sol-emulsion phase transition is stably and reversibly changed depending on the temperature, and to obtain a laminate having an aqueous solution in which a transparent state and a cloudy light-shielding state are reversibly changed, and a window using the same.

[0007]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the molecules dissolved in water aggregate due to an increase in temperature to cause cloudy scattering,
In a laminate obtained by laminating an aqueous solution having a low light transmittance on a substrate which is at least partially transparent and allows the aqueous solution to be directly viewed, the aqueous solution is cloudy at a temperature of about 45 ° C. or less in 100 parts by weight of water. A solution of 0.5 to 40 parts by weight of a nonionic water-soluble polymer that does not show a water-soluble amphipathic substance having a cloud point phenomenon and being uniformly dissolved in water at room temperature, having a cloud point phenomenon in 100 parts by weight. An aqueous solution in which 5 to 45 parts by weight of the aqueous solution is dissolved and molecules dissolved in the water aggregate due to an increase in temperature to cause cloudy scattering and reduce the light transmittance of at least a part of the aqueous solution. In a window using a laminate that is transparent and laminated with a substrate on which the aqueous solution can be directly viewed, the laminate is non-ionic water-soluble and does not exhibit a cloud point phenomenon at a temperature of about 45 ° C. or less in 100 parts by weight of water. 0.5 parts by weight of polymer to 40 100 parts by weight of a solution obtained by dissolving 0.5 parts by weight to 45 parts by weight of an amphipathic substance which is oily at room temperature and has a cloud point phenomenon and is uniformly dissolved in water at room temperature. It offers a window.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The basis of the present invention is to utilize a cloud point phenomenon in which an aqueous solution in which an amphipathic substance is uniformly dissolved, the amphipathic substance is aggregated by heating and becomes a cloudy light scattering state. The aqueous solution of the amphiphilic substance causing the cloud point phenomenon easily separated into an oil layer and an aqueous layer upon heating, and did not obtain a uniform reversible change. Therefore, the present inventors have intensively studied an aqueous solution capable of stably and uniformly reversibly changing a transparent state and a cloudy state by a temperature change. As a result, they have found that when this amphiphilic substance is added to an aqueous solution of a nonionic water-soluble polymer, the reversible change is surprisingly uniform and stable. This seems to be due to the fact that the microaggregates of the amphipathic substance that aggregated by heating were trapped by the nonionic water-soluble polymer chains and were uniformly maintained in a finely dispersed state.
As a result, it is considered that the fine aggregates further aggregated to grow into large aggregates, thereby preventing the water layer and the oil layer from being separated. Thus, microaggregates of amphiphiles,
Due to the difference in refractive index between the medium and the nonionic polymer aqueous solution, cloudy light scattering was exhibited. This can be said as follows. In the aqueous solution of the present invention, in a low temperature range, the amphipathic substance uniformly dissolves in water to take a sol state of a transparent solution, and in a high temperature range, the amphipathic substance aggregates to form an emulsion state of a white emulsion. Was. This emulsion state was stabilized by the emulsifying action of the nonionic water-soluble polymer. As a result, this reversible change, which can be called a sol-emulsion phase transition, has been made possible. Thus, the present invention is a laminate having an aqueous solution based on a three-component composition of a nonionic water-soluble polymer, an amphipathic substance causing a cloud point phenomenon, and pure water.

[0009] The nonionic water-soluble polymer is, specifically,
The vinyl-based nonionic water-soluble polymer is important for the present invention in consideration of the aqueous solution stability. For example, there are polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acrylamide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and the like. Also, modified polyvinyl alcohol in which a pendant is added to the side chain of polyvinyl alcohol (for example, OKS-9065N of Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., which is an oxypropylene group-containing polyvinyl alcohol, Kuraray V-polymer having a hydrophobic group added, etc.), etc. In addition, although the aqueous solution stability is lower than that of the vinyl type, high molecular weight polyethylene glycol, a copolymer of high molecular weight polyethylene glycol and oxypropylene (for example, Merpol F- 220
Etc.) can also be used. Although the molecular weight depends on the kind, it may be 10,000 or more in weight average molecular weight, preferably 1.
The molecular weight is preferably 50,000 or more, more preferably 20,000 or more. When the molecular weight is large, it is only difficult to dissolve in water. It is. The concentration may be about 1 part to about 40 parts by weight, preferably about 3 parts to about 35 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of water. However, a water-soluble polymer that dissolves in water at room temperature in a transparent state but undergoes agglomeration and gelation in a high temperature region to cause phase separation such as sedimentation is not included in the present invention.
This is because such a water-soluble polymer forms a gel in a high temperature range and is not included in the aqueous solution used in the present invention based on the sol-emulsion phase transition.

As described above, the nonionic water-soluble polymer useful in the present invention can be said to be a nonionic water-soluble polymer that does not exhibit a cloud point phenomenon at a temperature of about 45 ° C. or less. More preferably, a vinyl-based nonionic water-soluble polymer in which the main chain is hardly cut even in an aqueous solution state is important, and examples thereof include polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl acrylamide. Above all, polyvinyl alcohol is a nonionic water-soluble polymer that dissolves in water at room temperature in a transparent state, coagulates even in the high temperature range to be used, and maintains the transparent state and dissolves without causing phase separation such as sedimentation. is there.
The operating temperature of the partition glass to which a heat element used indoors is mainly added is about 40 ° C. or less, and at most 45 ° C.
You also need to know the following points.

In particular, the present inventors have focused on polyvinyl alcohol having weather resistance and being uniformly dissolved in water. For example, Gohsenol NH-26, N
M-14, NL-05, GH-20, GL-03, KL
-11, NH-17Q, NM-11Q, EG-25, etc., and can be widely used without any particular limitation on molecular weight and saponification degree. In addition, nonionic modified polyvinyl alcohol can be widely used without being limited to the above. As described above, a nonionic water-soluble polymer which is uniformly dissolved in water and has weather resistance in an aqueous solution state is particularly useful. However, when a heat element is added and the room is used (for example, a partition, etc.), the weather resistance condition is relaxed. The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution may be slightly pale and turbid depending on the degree of saponification and the molecular weight, but there was no problem at least for use in windows. In short, sufficient transparency was secured.

Next, amphiphilic substances useful in the present invention include:
It is a compound that has a cloud point phenomenon and is oily at room temperature and is uniformly dissolved in water at room temperature. This amphiphile is widely known,
For example, a polymer of propylene oxide (for example, Newpole PP series of Sanyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide of low molecular weight (for example, Epan 420, 720 of Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.)
Etc.), poly (oxyethylene oxypropylene) glycol monoether (for example, New Paul 50HB series of Sanyo Chemical Industries, which is a butyl alcohol derivative), and derivatives containing an oxypropylene group or an oxyethylene oxypropylene group. Triols (for example, Sanyo Kasei Kogyo's Newpole / GP series, T
P-series, GL-series, GEP-series, TL-series, etc., and a compound obtained by adding polyoxyethylene to a higher alkylphenol (for example, Lion-based nonylphenol-based Liponox NC-86).
Etc.) and compounds in which polypropylene oxide and polyethylene oxide are added to a higher alkyl group (e.g., an alkyl group having 12 or 13 carbon atoms) (e.g., Lion Co., Ltd., Leocol SC-70, Leocol SC-80). Further, modified dimethylpolysiloxanes to which oxyethylene and oxypropylene are added (for example, KF6008, KF6012, and KF615A manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., TSF4450, TSF4452, and TSF manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.)
4440, Toray Dow Corning Silicone SH
3748, SH3749, SH8700, SF8410
And the like, were also very useful in the present invention. As already known, the cloudiness onset temperature could be adjusted by the ratio of oxyethylene to oxypropylene (for example, a ratio of 1: 1).

An amphiphilic substance having a cloud point phenomenon, which is oily at room temperature and is uniformly dissolved in water at room temperature, can be defined as follows. Oil at room temperature refers to a temperature near room temperature, more specifically 25
Liquid at 100C. In addition, the uniform dissolution in water at room temperature means that when the required amount is added to water at a temperature lower than the temperature at which the cloud point phenomenon occurs, the amphipathic substance is uniformly dissolved in a transparent state or almost transparent state without phase separation. is there. More specifically, it is to uniformly dissolve a 2% by weight aqueous solution in a transparent state or almost transparent state without phase separation at a temperature below the cloud point phenomenon. For example, in the case of a polymer of propylene oxide (for example, Newpole PP series of Sanyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), if the molecular weight is too small, self-aggregation does not occur, so that it does not show turbid light scattering. No transparent state is shown. Thus, the weight average molecular weight is preferably from about 400 to less than about 1,000. On the other hand, a low molecular weight copolymer consisting of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide alone does not dissolve even in a low temperature region when the content of ethylene oxide is as low as about 10% and does not show a transparent state. However, since self-aggregation does not occur, it does not show cloudy light scattering. Therefore, an ethylene oxide content of about 15% to 30% was preferred.

The amount of the amphiphilic substance depends on the solubility in water. Generally, the smaller the amount, the lighter the opaque light is scattered, and the more the amount of the amphiphilic substance increases, the more the turbidity becomes. In addition,
Depending on the solubility, it may be slightly faint and turbid, but there was no problem at least with regard to window application. In short, sufficient transparency was secured. However, if the amount is too large, the transparent state cannot be obtained even in a low temperature range, and the film becomes cloudy, which is not suitable for the present invention. Specifically, an amphipathic substance that is sufficiently soluble in water at room temperature, for example, Newpole / GP600 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., may be added in a large amount. As described above, the amount of the amphiphilic substance added may be 0.5 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the aqueous solution of the water-soluble polymer. Although the molecular weight of the amphiphilic substance also depends on the molecular structure, the weight average molecular weight is preferably from about 240 to about 20,000. Hydrocarbon amphiphiles have a weight average molecular weight of about 240 to about 1
000, preferably with a weight average molecular weight of about 2
It is preferably from 40 to about 8,000, more preferably from about 240 to about 5,000. It can be said that a molecular weight of 10,000 or more makes synthesis, purification and the like difficult and impractical. In addition, since the polysiloxane has a large atomic weight of silicon, it is not always necessary to limit the molecular weight to about 20,000 or less. However, since a functional group is added to a side chain, those having a molecular weight of 20,000 or more are used for the same reason. It would be difficult to manufacture and would be impractical. In order to obtain the effect of the siloxane chain, the polysiloxane has a large molecular weight and a weight average molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 20,000, preferably a weight average molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 18,000. More preferably, the weight average molecular weight is about 3,000.
~ 15,000 is preferred.

As the water, ordinary distilled water, purified water or the like may be used. In order to shift the turbidity onset temperature of the aqueous solution to a lower temperature side, a neutral inorganic salt (eg, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate, etc.) may be added. The amount of addition is 100
0.1 to 10 parts by weight per part by weight may be used. The pH of the aqueous solution used in the present invention is preferably around neutral 7, preferably from 6 to 8, and more preferably from 6.5 to 7.5. In addition, an appropriate amount of an antioxidant, a coloring agent, a preservative, an ultraviolet absorber or the like may be added as an additive. Further, when the dissolved oxygen is degassed or replaced with an inert gas, oxidative deterioration can be prevented, and it is more preferable when the dissolved oxygen is used for a long time such as a window.

As a specific example of the laminate, 1 part by weight of polyvinyl alcohol having a weight average molecular weight of about 20,000 (Gohsenol GL-03 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in 2 parts by weight of a 5% by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution. 100 parts by weight of a molecular aqueous solution is a polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol having an average molecular weight of 400.
Colorless and transparent at 20 ° C.
An aqueous solution was prepared. Next, this aqueous solution was provided in a thickness of 0.3 mm between 10 cm square float soda glasses having a thickness of 3 mm to form a laminate. This laminate is at room temperature and 60 ° C.
Was reversible and stable at 60 ° C. for 12 hours without phase separation. In addition, the A-layered product started turbid light scattering at about 26 ° C. and gradually increased opaque light-shielding, so that even at about 42 ° C., the transparency was slightly confirmed, and there was an antiglare effect.

Next, using a U-4000 type spectrophotometer manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., which is suitable for the measurement of a large sample that scatters light, the center of the laminate is brought close to the window of the integrating sphere (about 1 m).
m) and the laminate was placed and measured. The measurement temperature was a room temperature of about 21 ° C. in the bottom temperature range and about 42 ° C. in the high temperature range. In consideration of the fact that the temperature of the laminate changes during the measurement, only the visible wavelength of 400 nm to 800 nm was measured at about 21 ° C. (transparent state) and about 42 ° C. (white turbid light scattering state). The results are shown in FIG. In addition, 300 nm to 400 nm
And 800 nm to 2,500 nm, respectively, but the ultraviolet and near-infrared regions were shielded as well as the visible region. Furthermore, when the laminates of Example 4 and Example 5 were measured in the same manner, it was confirmed that the white opaque light-shielding property was clearly stronger than that of the laminate. In addition, a sufficient anti-glare effect against direct sunlight was also confirmed.

Next, the structure of the laminate according to the present invention and the window using the same will be described. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are schematic cross-sectional views of one embodiment of the laminate of the present invention, wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is an aqueous solution, 3 is sealing, and 4 is transparent without change. The liquid 5 is a hollow rod, and 6 is a double glass.

The laminate shown in FIG. 1 has the basic form of the laminate according to the present invention, and is formed by laminating an aqueous solution 2 between a substrate 1 which is at least partially transparent and allows the aqueous solution 2 to be directly viewed.
The layer thickness of the aqueous solution 2 is not particularly limited, but is not limited to 0.1.
The thickness may be from about 01 mm to about 2 mm, and sufficient light shielding can be achieved with a thickness of about 0.2 mm. The seal 3 is provided to prevent evaporation of water, and may be disposed between the substrates at the outer peripheral portion or may be disposed outside the substrate. Examples of the sealant include an epoxy resin adhesive (for example, Flep of Toraythio Coal), an acrylic resin adhesive (for example, a photo bond of Sunrise Meisey, which is a photosensitive resin), and a multi-layer glass. Isobutylene sealant, polysulfide sealant,
Urethane sealants, silicone sealants, and the like can be used. In particular, although not shown, it is preferable to seal the isobutylene-based sealant (inside) and a sealing agent (outside) having an adhesive property to the glass substrate in at least two stages between the substrates. Of course, if the isobutylene-based sealant and the aqueous solution 2 come into direct contact with each other, which is inconvenient, a barrier layer may be provided to avoid contact.

In order to reliably control the thickness, although not particularly shown, the aqueous solution 2 is not limited to the sealing portion but may be a spacer (for example, glass beads, ceramic beads, or the like).
Resin beads, metal beads, etc.). Especially 5
When the size became 0 cm square or more, the spacer was useful for maintaining the liquid layer thickness. Further, it is preferable to use a substance having a refractive index close to that of the aqueous solution 2 because it becomes difficult to visually recognize the substance. The sealing portion can be used for spacers such as metal wires, glass fibers, and thin plates.

The substrate is only required to be partially transparent and capable of directly viewing the aqueous solution 2. Various materials, for example, glass, plastic, ceramics, and metals can be used. A material, a material whose surface is processed, or the like can be used, and a combination thereof may be used. In addition, the glass plate as a window material is a simple single-pane glass, tempered glass, netted glass, heat-absorbing glass, heat-reflecting glass, heat-absorbing and reflecting glass, laminated glass, UV cut glass, transparent conductive glass, double-glazed glass, There is a composite glass of transparent veneer glass and polycarbonate, etc., which can be used as a pair of substrates according to the purpose by appropriately combining types, thicknesses and the like. In particular, as shown in FIG.
Compounding with a multi-layer glass having a gas layer results in a glass having both light-shielding properties and heat-insulating properties, which is very useful for energy saving and comfort.

When the present invention is applied to a window, it is strongly exposed to the direct rays of the sun for a very long period of time. Therefore, it is preferable to use an ultraviolet cut glass for at least the outer substrate. For example, there are green glass, glass coated with an ultraviolet absorbing layer, and ultraviolet absorbing laminated glass. When the thickness of the substrate outside the window is about 5 mm or more, the transmission of ultraviolet light of 330 nm or less rapidly decreases, which is preferable from the viewpoint of weather resistance. is there. In the case of a window, a horizontal state and a vertical state are used. However, in the vertical state, care must be taken because unevenness due to convection due to a temperature difference may occur if the viscosity of the aqueous solution 2 is too low.

The laminate shown in FIG. 2 is a laminate obtained by combining a reversibly changing aqueous solution 2 and a non-changing transparent liquid 4 and disposing them between the same substrates. The transparent liquid 4 that does not change reversibly is a liquid or a gel whose transmittance of light does not particularly change even when heated. For example, the aqueous solution of the present invention to which no amphiphilic substance is added. As the molecular weight increases, self-diffusion becomes negligible, and is 2,000 or more, preferably 3,000 or more, and more preferably 5,
000 or more is good. Also, a method of providing a liquid that does not mix with water (for example, liquid paraffin, silicone oil, silicone gel, or the like) can ensure transparency. Although not particularly shown, the layer thickness of the aqueous solution 2 is continuously changed, and the degree of the cloudy and opaque state is continuously changed. The unevenness is provided on the substrate to secure the transparency by changing the layer thickness of the aqueous solution 2. There is also a device such as a laminated body. These can be used for, for example, a rear window of an automobile, an advertisement device that displays image information, and the like, while ensuring partial transparency. There is also a method of providing a thermal element in order to widen the use range of the laminate of the present invention. this is,
It also acts as a partition to obstruct the line of sight by artificially controlling the heat as an electronic curtain. As the thermal element, there are a transparent conductive film, a carbon paste, a metal paste, a metal wire, a barium titanate-based ceramic, and the like, and a thermoelectric element that can be heated and cooled (for example, a thermo panel of Komatsu Electronics Co., Ltd.) and the like. Can also. The setting of the thermal element
It may be inside or outside the substrate, or may be the entire surface or part of the substrate. Further, the thermal element may be divided and arranged in a linear shape or a stripe shape. Also, a matrix of thermal elements,
Image information can also be displayed by selectively heating the substrate surface with infrared rays (eg, a laser or the like).

The windows according to the present invention include windows of ordinary buildings, vehicles such as automobiles and railway vehicles, and windows of transport machines such as ships, aircrafts and elevators. This window is a broad term and includes things like arcades and atriums, doors with windows, partitions, etc., as well as all-glass doors, screens and walls. Naturally, as a widely used method, a laminate is combined with a building material sash or a vehicle frame to form a laminate having a frame for each use such as a building, a vehicle, and the like, and is simply attached at the site as in the past. Window units are also included in the present invention. This unitization can more reliably seal the laminate, and is effective in preventing evaporation of water by permeation, preventing deterioration of the sealing layer by light, and the like. In particular, it is effective for semi-permanent use or severe use such as windows of ordinary buildings and windows of vehicles.

Further, a method in which the aqueous solution is applied to a substance encapsulated in a hollow body, a sphere, a microcapsule, a resin sheet, or the like, and the resulting aqueous solution is formed into a planar shape by lamination or the like is also used. If present, it is included in the laminate of the present invention. In particular, the hollow bar shown in FIG. 3 is useful. The cross section can be widely used according to the purpose, such as circular, hexagonal, square, triangular, and flat. Further, the sealing can be performed by melting the glass to complete the sealing. The function of shielding light is provided by a method of arranging a large number of such hollow rods.
For example, a method of using blinds, brine, and the like. Of course,
This hollow rod can be used even if it is arranged in a pair between the substrates. Thus, the hollow rod of FIG. 3 also belongs to the present invention as a laminate in a broad sense. In addition, the present invention also includes a planar object in which a laminate is formed into a cup, a water tank, or the like.

[0026]

The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 1 part by weight of polyvinyl alcohol having a weight average molecular weight of about 20,000 (Gohsenol GL-03 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., degree of saponification of about 87.5, weight average molecular weight of about 20,000) was mixed with pure water 2 100 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of a polymer dissolved in parts by weight is a polyoxypropylene glycerin having a weight average molecular weight of 600 of triol.
A colorless and transparent aqueous solution was prepared at 20 ° C. by adding 35 parts by weight of 600. A 30 cm square, linear isobutyl sealant having a diameter of 2.4 mm is placed on the outer periphery of a float soda glass having a thickness of 3 mm, and an aqueous solution is placed on the center of the substrate.
The counter substrate was lightly placed thereon and exposed in a vacuum apparatus, and the counter substrate was pressurized under a reduced pressure of about 1 Torr to crush the isobutyl sealant and adhere. Thereafter, a photosensitive resin having a glass adhesive property was poured into the gap left at the outermost peripheral portion, and the resin was sealed by light irradiation. As a result, a non-bubble laminate having a thickness of 0.3 mm was obtained. This laminate had good reversible stability at room temperature and 60 ° C. and stability for standing at 60 ° C. for 12 hours without phase separation. In addition, cloudy light scattering was started from about 41 ° C., and cloudy light-shielding gradually increased, and the antiglare effect was confirmed with transparency.

Example 2 A polymer aqueous solution obtained by dissolving 1 part by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol of Example 1 in 2 parts by weight of a 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution
Newport 50 from Sanyo Chemical Industries, which is poly (oxyethylene oxypropylene) glycol butyl ether having a weight average molecular weight of 240 of monoether in parts by weight
20 parts obtained by adding 15 parts by weight of HB-55 and 6.5 parts by weight of Sanyo Kasei Kogyo's Newpol 50HB-5100 which is poly (oxyethylene oxypropylene) glycol butyl ether having a weight average molecular weight of 3750 of monoether. An aqueous A solution and an aqueous B solution which were colorless and transparent at ℃ were prepared. A laminated body and a B laminated body were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The two types of laminates were good in reversible stability at room temperature and 60 ° C. and stability for standing at 60 ° C. for 12 hours without phase separation. The temperature of the A laminate is about 32 ° C.
From the results, it was confirmed that the B-layered product started scattering white turbid light from about 38 ° C. and gradually increased the white opaque light-shielding, and showed an antiglare effect with transparency.

Example 3 A polymer aqueous solution obtained by dissolving 10 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Gohsenol NL-05, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry, saponification degree: about 99.0, weight average molecular weight: about 20,000) in 30 parts by weight of pure water 100 parts by weight of polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1, having a weight average molecular weight of 400,
A colorless and transparent aqueous solution was prepared at 20 ° C. by adding 6 parts by weight of Newprop TP-400 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, which is 3-propanediol. A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. This laminate had good reversible stability at room temperature and 60 ° C. and stability for standing at 60 ° C. for 12 hours without phase separation. In addition, cloudy light scattering was started at about 34 ° C., and cloudy light-shielding gradually increased, and the antiglare effect was confirmed with transparency.

Example 4 10 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol of Example 3 was added to 50 parts of pure water.
A colorless and transparent aqueous solution was prepared at 20 ° C. by adding 10 parts by weight of Newpol PP950, which is a propylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 950, to 100 parts by weight of a polymer aqueous solution dissolved in parts by weight. A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. This laminate has a reversible stability at room temperature and 60 ° C. and a standing stability at 60 ° C. for 12 hours.
Both were good with no phase separation. In addition, cloudy light scattering started at about 24 ° C., and cloudy light-shielding gradually increased, confirming a sufficient antiglare effect.

Example 5 Polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl- having a weight average molecular weight of 400 was added to 100 parts by weight of an aqueous polymer solution obtained by dissolving 5 parts by weight of polyacrylamide (Aronfloc N-110L, manufactured by Alonflock) in 100 parts by weight of pure water. 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, Sanyo Kasei Kogyo's Newpol TP-400 / 6.5 parts by weight, and poly (oxyethylene oxypropylene) methylpolysiloxane, Shin-Etsu Chemical's KF6012 / 3 A colorless and transparent aqueous solution was prepared at 20 ° C by mixing and adding 0.5 parts by weight. A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. This laminate had good reversible stability at room temperature and 60 ° C. and stability for standing at 60 ° C. for 12 hours without phase separation. In addition, cloudy light scattering started at about 23 ° C., and cloudy light-shielding gradually increased, confirming a sufficient antiglare effect.

[0032]

The effect of the present invention is that an aqueous solution of an amphiphilic substance which is oily at room temperature and has a cloud point phenomenon and is uniformly dissolved in water at room temperature does not phase-separate into an aqueous layer and an oil layer due to a rise in temperature.
The inventor has found an aqueous solution composition capable of stably and reversibly changing the sol-emulsion phase transition depending on temperature, and has obtained a laminate having an aqueous solution in which a transparent state and a cloudy light-shielded state are reversibly changed, and a window using the same. The present inventors have found that when this amphiphile is added to an aqueous solution of a nonionic water-soluble polymer, the sol which surprisingly and stably reversibly changes stably.
It has been discovered that the solution becomes an aqueous solution that undergoes an emulsion phase transition. This is presumably because the microaggregates of the amphiphilic substance generated by heating were trapped by the nonionic water-soluble polymer chains and maintained in a uniform emulsion state. As a result, cloudiness was blocked by light scattering due to the difference in refractive index between the microaggregate and the medium. When this laminate is applied to a window, when the window is heated by the direct rays of the sun, the irradiated portion selectively changes from a transparent state to a cloudy state, and the direct rays are shielded and glare-proof. This automatically changed from transparent to translucent to opaque according to the balance with the current environmental temperature such as season, weather, and the like. Therefore, it was possible to provide an autonomous response type energy-saving window having comfort in which the direct rays of light were blocked by the direct sunlight energy of the sun.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a change in transmittance of a laminate of the present invention in a range from 400 nm to 800 nm.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substrate 2 Aqueous solution 3 Sealing 4 Unchangeable transparent liquid 5 Hollow bar 6 Double glass

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. An aqueous solution in which molecules dissolved in water are aggregated due to an increase in temperature to cause cloudy scattering and light transmittance is reduced, using a substrate at least partially transparent and capable of directly viewing the aqueous solution. 100 parts by weight of a solution obtained by dissolving 0.5 to 40 parts by weight of a nonionic water-soluble polymer that does not exhibit a cloud point phenomenon at a temperature of about 45 ° C. or less in 100 parts by weight of water in 100 parts by weight of water. 0.5 g of an amphiphilic substance which is oily at room temperature and has a cloud point phenomenon
A laminate of an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving 45 parts by weight of parts by weight. 2. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a neutral inorganic salt is added to 100 parts by weight of water. 3. The laminate according to claim 1, comprising a combination of multiple aqueous solutions or a combination of an aqueous solution and a transparent liquid. 4. The laminate according to claim 1, further comprising a heat element capable of heating at least. 5. An aqueous solution in which molecules dissolved in water are aggregated due to a rise in temperature to cause cloudy scattering and light transmittance is reduced, using an at least partially transparent substrate capable of directly viewing the aqueous solution. In a window using a laminated body,
The laminate has a cloud point phenomenon in 100 parts by weight of a solution obtained by dissolving 0.5 to 40 parts by weight of a nonionic water-soluble polymer that does not exhibit a cloud point phenomenon in water at a temperature of about 45 ° C. or less in 100 parts by weight of water. A window which is a laminate of an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving 0.5 to 45 parts by weight of an amphiphilic substance which is oily at room temperature and is uniformly dissolved in water at room temperature. 6. The window according to claim 5, comprising a combination of multiple aqueous solutions or a combination of an aqueous solution and a transparent liquid. 7. The window according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the substrates is made of an ultraviolet absorbing glass, and the ultraviolet absorbing glass is directed to the outdoor side. 8. The window according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the substrates is made of a double glass. 9. The window according to claim 5, wherein at least a heat element capable of heating is provided. 10. The window according to claim 5, wherein the laminated body and a building material sash or a vehicle frame are combined to form a unit.