JPH10285891A - Wheel motor and vehicle mounting the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase winding density and the magnetic flux density of a rotating magnetic field generated by a stator and obtain a high torque, by mutually connecting, in a desired relation, terminals of a plurality of independent coils which were previously cylindrically wound and are inserted into the respective teeth. SOLUTION: A wheel motor is an outer rotor type wheel motor having 8 poles and 9 coils constituted of 16 permanent magnets 35 arranged on a rotor and 18 coils 43 arranged on a stator. Coils which are turned into subassembly are used as the coils 43. That is, a plurality of coils 43 which were previously wound outside teeth are inserted into the teeth, and connection between coils 43 is performed by using a wiring means. By using this structure, manufacturing is facilitated, and manufacturing cost can be reduced. Wiring density and the magnetic flux density of a rotating magnetic field generated by the stator are increased, so that the high torque can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wheel motor in which a vehicle wheel and a motor are integrated, and more particularly to an outer rotor type wheel motor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Wheel motors have been proposed to increase the driving efficiency when wheels are driven by an electric motor, and are used as driving wheels of an electric vehicle or used for controlling the attitude of a normal engine-driven vehicle. Therefore, it has been considered to use it instead of the driven wheel.

[0003] Such wheel motors can be broadly classified into two types, an inner rotor type and an outer rotor type. The outer rotor type wheel motor is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-298903. Vehicle control method ".

[0004]

According to this conventional outer rotor type wheel motor, the stator is formed by winding a coil wire around a plurality of radially protruding poles (teeth) made of a magnetic material. . However, in this conventional wheel motor, the winding work of the coil wire is difficult because the space between the teeth is narrow, so that not only the manufacturing cost is increased but also the winding density of the wire cannot be sufficiently increased. Therefore, there is a limit to the magnetic flux density generated by the stator, and a necessary driving force or braking force cannot be obtained.

[0005]

The motor and the wheel motor according to the present invention have been made to solve such a problem.

That is, a motor according to the present invention is an outer rotor type motor comprising a stator for generating a rotating magnetic field on the outer periphery, and a rotor provided outside the stator so as to be rotatable in the same direction as the rotating magnetic field. A plurality of teeth made of magnetic material in which a stator is radially arranged on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotor; a plurality of coils wound in a tubular shape in advance and inserted into each tooth independently of each other; And wiring means for connecting the terminals of the coil in a desired relationship.

A wheel motor according to the present invention is a wheel motor having a stator fixed to an axle and generating a rotating magnetic field on an outer periphery, and a rotor fixed to an axle hub rotatably supported around the axle. Desirable are a plurality of teeth made of a magnetic material provided radially with respect to the axle, a plurality of coils wound in a cylindrical shape in advance and inserted into each tooth independently of each other, and terminals of the plurality of coils. And wiring means for connecting in the relationship of (1).

As described above, the motor or wheel motor of the present invention has a structure in which a plurality of coils wound in advance outside the teeth are inserted into the teeth and the connections between the coils are connected by the wiring means. And the manufacturing cost can be kept low. In addition, since the coil is wound outside the teeth, various winding methods can be applied.By using the most suitable winding method, the winding is compared with the conventional coil wound directly on the teeth. Density can be increased. If the winding density can be increased, the magnetic flux density of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator can be increased, and a high rotating torque can be obtained.

In the wheel motor of the present invention, it is desirable to use a cassette coil in which a resin is poured between the windings and solidified while the windings are pressed at a high pressure, as the coils inserted into the stator. A rotating magnetic field having a high magnetic flux density can be generated, and the assembly is easy.

[0010] In the wheel motor of the present invention, it is desirable that a wiring in the wiring means is provided with a thermal fuse that cuts off electrical connection when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. With this configuration, when the motor runs away, the wiring is cut off due to heat generated by the runaway, and the runaway can be stopped early.

In the wheel motor of the present invention, the plurality of teeth are provided integrally on the outer periphery of the annular magnetic body, and the magnetic body is fixed to the wheel support in a state where the coil is inserted into each tooth. It is desirable to be fixed to the outer race of the hub bearing. As described above, since the magnetic body having the teeth and the outer race of the hub bearing are separate members, it is possible to select an optimum material for each.

In the wheel motor of the present invention, it is preferable that the teeth have a tapered shape tapering outward in the radial direction. The coil is easy to insert and easy to assemble.

[0013] In the wheel motor of the present invention, it is desirable that the magnetic body provided with the teeth is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets whose surfaces are insulated. With this configuration, it is difficult to generate a current in the rotation axis direction due to an alternating magnetic field generated by the coil, and iron loss is reduced.

In the wheel motor according to the present invention, it is desirable that the magnetic body having teeth is serrated and fitted to a member formed integrally with the outer race of the hub bearing. With this configuration, the center axis of the hub bearing and the center of the magnetic body provided with the teeth accurately match and are not displaced.

In the wheel motor of the present invention, the axle hub is fixed to the inner race of the hub bearing, and the rotor is composed of a cylindrical member fixed to the axle hub and a plurality of permanent magnets arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member. It is desirable to have. Since the cylindrical member having the permanent magnet used for the rotor and the axle hub are formed as separate components, it is possible to use materials suitable for each.

In the wheel motor of the present invention, it is preferable that the thickness of the permanent magnet in the radial direction of the cylindrical member is reduced at both circumferential ends of the cylindrical member. When the permanent magnet is formed in such a shape, the magnetomotive force is larger than the magnetomotive force at both ends because the central part is thick, and the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator is easy to pass at both ends because the two ends are thin. Therefore,
The output torque, which is substantially proportional to the product of the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator, is stabilized, and torque ripple is suppressed.

In the wheel motor according to the present invention, the permanent magnet is a columnar body having upper and lower bottom surfaces in a crescent shape with both ends removed, the height direction of which is aligned with the axle direction, and the convex side surface of which is on the outside. Is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of
It is desirable that the curvature of the concave side surface of the permanent magnet is larger than the curvature of the convex side surface. As a result, the radial thickness of the cylindrical member becomes thinner at both ends in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member, which not only suppresses torque ripple, but also makes it difficult for the permanent magnet and the cylindrical member to be displaced in the rotational direction, and to easily output rotational torque. .

In the wheel motor of the present invention, it is preferable that cooling fins are provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical member constituting the rotor. Heat generation due to iron loss in the rotor can be suppressed, and demagnetization of the permanent magnet due to heat can be prevented.

In the wheel motor of the present invention, the axle hub to which the cylindrical member is fixed covers the outer side of the vehicle of the stator, and the cylindrical member covers the stator so that the outer race outer circumference of the hub bearing and the inner circumference thereof can slide. It is desirable that a motor cover that comes into contact with no gap is attached. With this configuration, the inside of the motor is sealed, and dust and water from the outside do not enter.

In the wheel motor according to the present invention, the power supply line for supplying power to the coil from the power supply disposed in the vehicle body to which the wheel support is attached is formed by the outer race of the hub bearing or a member fixed integrally therewith. Is connected to the wiring board through a through-hole provided in the substrate, and an air passage is preferably formed therein. The motor causes internal air to expand or contract due to a change in temperature, and causes so-called respiration. With this configuration, the respiration is performed through the air passage of the power supply line. The air is breathed by relatively clean air, and dust and the like hardly enter the inside.

In the wheel motor according to the present invention, the rotor and the stator are arranged inside the vehicle of the disk portion of the axle hub, and the brake drum and the disk portion of the disk wheel are sequentially arranged from the inside of the vehicle outside the disk portion of the axle hub. It is desirable to be fixed.
With this arrangement, the assembly of the brake drum and disc wheel to the axle hub can be handled in the same way as the assembly to a normal axle hub without a motor.

In the wheel motor of the present invention, it is desirable that the rotor, the stator and the brake drum are accommodated within the rim width of the disk wheel. With this configuration, the rotor, stator and brake drum do not protrude from the disc wheel to the inside of the vehicle,
It can be assembled to a conventional general vehicle without changing the wheelbase.

The vehicle of the present invention equipped with the above-described wheel motor of the present invention is used as an auxiliary power wheel when climbing a hill or used for controlling the attitude of the vehicle, for example, by applying the wheel motor to a driven wheel. be able to.

In the wheel motor mounted on the vehicle of the present invention, the outer race of the hub bearing is detachable from the wheel support in a state where the outer race is integrated with the inner race to which the axle hub having the cylindrical member is fixed. A backing that is fixed by a fastening member, a brake drum and a disc wheel are detachably fixed to the axle hub by a common second fastening member, and a drum brake is formed between the outer race and the wheel support together with the brake drum. It is desirable that the plate be sandwiched and fixed by the first fastening member. With this configuration,
Since the axle hub and the hub bearing are integrated, assembly to the wheel support by the fastening member is easy. Further, since the brake drum and the disc wheel are detachably attached to the axle hub by the fastening member, the conventional brake drum and disc wheel can be used as they are.

In the wheel motor mounted on the vehicle according to the present invention, the first fastening member and the second fastening member are each composed of a bolt and a nut, and the bolt diameter of the first fastening member is the second diameter.
It is desirable that the diameter be equal to or larger than the bolt diameter of the fastening member. The shear strength of the first fastening member can be equal to or greater than the shear strength of the second fastening member.

In the wheel motor mounted on the vehicle according to the present invention, it is preferable that the cylindrical member fixed to the axle hub and the brake drum are formed as separate members. With this configuration, it is possible to adopt a structure in which heat generated in the brake drum is not easily transmitted to the cylindrical member provided with the permanent magnet.

In the wheel motor mounted on the vehicle according to the present invention, it is desirable that the axle hub and the cylindrical member are fastened via a mechanical fuse that is disconnected when a torque greater than a predetermined value is applied. In this way, even if any abnormal force is applied in the rotation direction of the axle hub, the abnormal force does not break even the cylindrical member that is a component of the motor.

In the wheel motor mounted on the vehicle of the present invention, it is desirable that the difference between the rotor outer diameter and the brake drum inner diameter is larger than the difference between the rotor inner diameter and the stator outer diameter. If the mechanical fuse is disconnected, the center of the rotor will be misaligned. In this case, the rotor does not interfere with the brake drum.

[0029]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a wheel motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of a main part of the motor.

A wheel support (bracket) 14 is provided at an end of an arm 13 of a suspension 12 having a coil spring 10 and a shock absorber 11, and the wheel support 14 has an outer race 15 of an axle hub bearing and a drum. The backing plate 16 of the brake is fastened by bolts 19 and nuts 17. The backing plate 16 includes a wheel cylinder 60 and a shoe return spring 6 which are components of a drum brake.
1 and the like are provided.

The axle hub bearing is an angular ball bearing, and an axle hub 20 is fitted in the inner race 18, and the inner race 18 and the axle hub 20 are completely fixed by tightening with a nut 21 from the inside of the vehicle.

The axle hub 20 has a brake drum 2
2 and the disk portion 24 of the disk wheel 23 are bolts 2
6 and a nut 27. Further, a cylindrical member 30 which is a rotor of the motor is fixed to the axle hub 20 with screws 31 via a mechanical fuse.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the shape of the mechanical fuse. The mechanical fuse 36 is a constricted portion of a screwing seat 37 protruding from the cylindrical member 30 toward the center thereof.
And the mechanical fuse 36 is formed integrally with the cylindrical member 37. A threaded opening 38 is provided at the center of the seat 37, and the screw 31 is opened through the opening provided at the peripheral end of the disk portion of the axle hub 20.
8, the cylindrical member 30 and the axle hub 20 are fixed. With such a structure, the mechanical fuse 36 is torn when a strong force in a rotational direction equal to or more than a predetermined value is applied between the cylindrical member 30 and the axle hub 20 for some reason. The destruction of the cylindrical member 30 can be prevented.

A magnetic cylinder 32 having a predetermined thickness formed by laminating an annular silicon steel plate is fixed to the cylindrical member 30 with a plurality of screws 33 provided along the circumference. Magnetic cylinder 32
16 permanent magnets 35 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the substrate by an adhesive.

On the outer race 15 of the hub bearing, a laminated body 40 of silicon steel sheets serving as teeth of the motor stator is fixed by bolts 41. Teeth 42
Are radially provided, and a coil 43 which is formed in a tubular shape in advance is inserted in each tooth 42. The two terminals 44 and 45 of each coil 43 are inserted into and electrically connected to female contacts 47 and 48 of a wiring board 46 provided on the vehicle outer surface of the silicon steel sheet laminate 40.

The power source for driving the motor is, for example,
As shown in FIG. 4, it is mounted on the front part of the vehicle body 71, and power is supplied to each coil 43 via the power supply line 49, the wiring of the wiring board 46, and the female contacts 47 and 48 connected to the wiring. . A thermal fuse is incorporated in the middle of the wiring of the wiring board 46. If the motor runs away, the thermal fuse blows due to a rise in temperature due to the runaway, and the operation of the motor stops.

A motor cover 50 that covers the motor stator from the back side, that is, from the inside of the vehicle, is fixed to the magnetic cylinder 32 of the motor rotor. The motor cover 50 is a donut-shaped disk, and its outer peripheral portion is fixed to the rotor with screws 33. A seal member 51 having a rubber lip provided on the inner periphery of a metal ring is press-fitted into the inner diameter portion of the motor cover 50, and the lip of the seal member 51 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the outer rotor 15 of the hub bearing. Contact without sliding gap. Thereby, the stator coil 43 and the permanent magnet 35 of the rotor become liquid-tight with respect to the outside.

On the back side of the hub bearing, that is, on the inside of the vehicle, an electromagnetic pickup 55 provided on the outer race 15 and a sensor rotor 5 provided on the inner race 18 are provided.
6 is provided.
The output of the motor rotation angle detection device is supplied to a controller inside the power supply 70, and contributes to the rotation control of the present wheel motor.

The above is the schematic configuration of the wheel motor of the present embodiment. Next, the structural features and positional relationships of each element will be described in more detail.

The wheel motor of the present embodiment is an eight-pole, nine-coil outer rotor type wheel motor composed of 16 permanent magnets 35 provided on the rotor and 18 coils 43 provided on the stator as described above. is there. The use of a subassembly (cassette) as the coil 43 is one of the structural features. That is, each coil 43 is preliminarily wound outside the stator, and a resin is poured into a gap between the windings while being pressed at a high pressure to be integrally formed. This way,
Since the gap between the windings can be greatly reduced as compared with the case where winding is performed directly on the radial teeth, the winding density can be greatly improved. Therefore, the magnetic flux density that contributes to the rotation of the motor can be improved, and a large torque can be obtained.

Further, the wheel motor of the present embodiment in which the coil 43 is formed into a cassette in advance and inserted into each tooth to constitute a stator is a conventional general motor in which the coil 43 is wound directly on radial teeth. It is easier to manufacture and has higher productivity than a typical outer rotor type motor.

In this wheel motor, each radial tooth formed by the silicon steel sheet laminate 40 serving as a stator has a tapered shape tapering outward in the radial direction.
The sub-assembled coil 43 can be easily inserted, and the assembling property is improved.

The silicon steel sheet laminated body 40 is fixed to the outer race 15 of the hub bearing with bolts 41 with the coils 43 inserted into the teeth. That is,
Since the silicon steel sheet laminate 40 as the stator and the outer race 15 of the hub bearing fixed to the axle support 14 are formed as separate members, it is possible to use an optimum material for each.

It is theoretically clear that a high torque can be obtained by increasing the winding density to increase the magnetic flux density B, but the iron loss increases in proportion to the magnetic flux density B. Therefore, in order to reduce iron loss as much as possible, a silicon steel sheet laminated body 40 in which silicon steel sheets having a high magnetic permeability and an insulator coated on the surface are laminated is used for the iron core on the stator side, that is, the teeth. By doing so, the current flowing in the teeth in the direction of the rotation axis is prevented. Iron loss is also generated in the magnetic cylinder 32 on the rotor side in the same manner.

Each of the sixteen permanent magnets 35 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic cylinder 32 of the outer rotor
Is thin at both ends in the circumferential direction. Specifically, the permanent magnet 35 is a columnar body having upper and lower bottom surfaces in a shape as if the both ends of the crescent were removed, the height direction of the columnar body was made to coincide with the rotation axis direction of the motor, and the convex side surface was made a magnetic cylinder. 32 is fixed with an adhesive or the like.

As can be seen from the bottom shape of the permanent magnet 35, the curvature of the convex side surface (the surface fixed to the magnetic cylinder 32) is larger than the curvature of the concave side surface (the surface facing the stator). By doing so, it is possible to significantly increase the output torque and reduce the torque ripple.

That is, the permanent magnet 35 of this embodiment
As described above, the thickness of the central part in the rotation direction is increased to increase the magnetomotive force, and the thickness of both ends is reduced to facilitate the passage of magnetic flux, and that the thickness changes smoothly. ing. On the other hand, the output torque is substantially proportional to the product of the magnetic force of the magnet and the magnetic flux generated by the stator. Therefore, a large output torque can be obtained while suppressing the torque ripple. In other words, the wheel motor of this embodiment can obtain a stable and high rotational output torque with respect to the angular position of the rotor.

Further, by skewing the permanent magnet 35 or the stator teeth 42, that is, by applying a twist in the circumferential direction, the torque ripple suppressing effect can be increased.

Further, since the thickness of the central portion in the rotation direction of the permanent magnet 35 is made sufficiently large, it is difficult to demagnetize and the pole reversal due to the magnetic flux of the stator can be prevented.

Further, the curvature of the convex side surface of the permanent magnet 35 is larger than the curvature of the inner wall surface of the magnetic cylinder 32, and the inner wall surface of the magnetic cylinder 32 to which the permanent magnet 35 is fixed is the permanent magnet 3.
Since the concave portion has the same curvature as the convex side surface of the magnetic cylinder 5, the fixed permanent magnet 35 is not easily shifted in the circumferential direction (rotation direction) of the magnetic cylinder 32. Therefore, the rotational force applied to the permanent magnet 35 is well transmitted to the magnetic cylinder 32 without much depending on the adhesive force of the adhesive that fixes the permanent magnet 35 to the magnetic cylinder 32, so that a rotational torque is easily generated. .

The magnetic cylinder 32 serving as the motor rotor and the disk wheel 23 are formed separately as described above.
And a nut 27 for fastening and fixing. As described above, by separately providing the motor rotor and the disc wheel 23, it is possible to prevent the tire vibration from being directly transmitted to the motor rotor, and it is possible to share the tire vibration with a normal disc wheel. I have.

The magnetic cylinder 32 is separate from the brake drum 22. This is mainly intended to prevent the heat generated in the brake drum 22 from being directly transmitted to the permanent magnet 35 of the rotor during braking. Since the permanent magnet 35 is generally demagnetized by heat, it is desirable to minimize exposure to high temperatures. In this embodiment, in order to obtain a large torque, a neodymium magnet having a high magnetic flux density and a high magnetic force holding force is used. In the case of a neodymium-based magnet, the temperature at which irreversible demagnetization does not occur is 120 ° C. or less on average, and even if the temperature characteristics are good, irreversible demagnetization occurs when the temperature exceeds 200 ° C. It is particularly effective to prevent the permanent magnet 35 from being heated up separately. As the permanent magnet 35, a samarium-cobalt-based material having relatively good temperature characteristics may be used instead of the neodymium-based magnet.

The brake drum 22 is not only separate from the motor rotor, but also covers the rotor and the stator together with the backing plate 16. Therefore, the water splashed by the tires is prevented from directly splashing on the motor. For example, if water is directly splashed on the place where the temperature is high by driving the motor and it is quenched,
There is a problem that the adhesive bonding the permanent magnet 35 to the magnetic cylinder 32 is easily peeled off, but in the present embodiment, the brake drum 22 prevents this.

Further, the brake drum 22 is
And directly connected to the axle hub 20 by a nut 27. That is, since the brake drum and the axle hub are connected in the same manner as in a normal wheel having no built-in motor, the braking torque applied to the brake drum 22 is directly transmitted to the axle hub as in the conventional case, and sufficient braking force is provided. Obtainable.

In the wheel of this embodiment, an assembly in which the motor and the hub unit are integrated can be easily assembled to the wheel support 14 by tightening with the bolts 19 and the nuts 17. Here, the assembly in which the motor and the hub unit are integrated is such that the motor stator is attached to the outer race 15 of the hub bearing, the axle hub 20 is attached to the inner race 18, the cylindrical member 30 is attached to the axle hub 20, further,
Electromagnetic pickup 55 constituting motor rotation angle detecting device
And a motor cover 50 and a seal member 51 for preventing the entry of the sensor rotor 56, dust and the like into the inside. 14 can be assembled. In order to make this assembly possible,
The radius of the inner diameter of the motor cover 50 that maintains the fluid tightness of the motor is larger than the distance from the axle (the rotation center axis of the axle hub 20) to the bolt 19, that is, the hub mounting pitch.

As described above, in this wheel motor, the assembly in which the motor and the hub unit are integrated is connected to the bolt 19
, And can be easily replaced with a normal wheel at a dealer.

However, in the case of assembling by a dealer or a user, there is a variation in bolt tightening force. Therefore, in the wheel motor of this embodiment, the screw diameter and the number of bolts 19 for fixing the above-mentioned assembly to the wheel support 14 are increased or increased to be equal to or larger than the screw diameter and the number of hub bolts 26, thereby increasing the shearing resistance. Is increasing.

Also, the height of the nut 17, that is, the length in the axle direction is made sufficiently long, and even if the nut 17 is accidentally dropped when assembling the assembly to the wheel support 14,
The nut 17 does not fit between the disk portion of the axle hub 20 and the motor stator.

Since the cylindrical member 30, which is a rotor, is fixed to the axle hub 20 by the bolt 31 having the mechanical fuse mechanism as described above, the fastening state by the bolt 31 is released when a predetermined torque or more is applied. It has become. For example, when foreign matter enters between the rotor and the stator during rotation of the wheel and the motor is locked, the mechanical fuse is blown and the wheel itself is not locked. Further, the gap between the rotor and the brake drum 22 is made larger than the gap between the rotor and the stator, so that even if the mechanical fuse is blown out and the rotor and the stator are stuck together when the motor is locked, the rotor is still attached to the brake drum 22. It does not interfere. At this point, care is taken that the wheels are not locked even if the motor is locked.

The inside of the motor is a cylindrical member 30 which is a rotor.
And a motor cover 50 fixed to the inside of the vehicle, and a seal member 51 press-fitted into the inner periphery of the motor cover 50 and slidably pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the outer race 15 of the hub bearing. Is not intruded as described above. On the other hand, the internal pressure of the motor varies depending on the operating state and the environment. For example, when the internal pressure is reduced by cooling, water or dust jumped up by the tire from between the outer race 15 of the hub bearing and the seal member 51 may enter due to a pressure difference from the outside air pressure. Therefore, the power supply line 4 for supplying electric power to the motor
A gap is provided between the harness 9 and the core wire to form an air passage, and the other end of the air passage is provided in the vehicle body. That is,
The inside of the motor communicates with the air in the vehicle body through this air passage. Therefore, the so-called respiration of the motor accompanying the temperature change of the motor is performed by the air in the vehicle body which is cleaner than the vicinity of the wheels, so that intrusion of water or dust into the motor is suppressed.

Next, a wheel motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the wheel motor taken along a plane passing through the axle.
FIG. 6 is a plan view cut along the line VI-VI in FIG. 5.

A stator support 102 of the wheel motor is fixed to a wheel support 101 connected to a vehicle body suspension (not shown) by a nut 103 from the inside of the vehicle. That is, the wheel support 101 and the inner side of the stator support 102 are spline-fitted, and by fixing the thrust direction (axle direction) with the nut 103, the stator support 102 is moved in the axle direction and the wheel rotation direction. Is fixed for both.

A laminated body 104 of a silicon steel sheet whose surface is coated with an insulator is provided on the outer periphery of the stator support 102 on the outer side of the vehicle. Each silicon steel sheet of this laminated body 104 has 18 teeth protruding radially, and a large number of cuts are provided in the inner diameter so that the serration fits into the outer diameter of the stator support 102. It has become. Each of such silicon steel plates is fitted into the stator support 102 in order from the outside of the vehicle, and finally the thrust direction is fixed by the circlip 106 via the spacer 105.

Each tooth of the silicon steel sheet laminate 104 has
Eighteen cassette-like stator coils 110 which are wound in advance outside the teeth and flow resin in gaps between the windings while being pressed at a high pressure are fitted into each tooth. Two winding ends 111 and 112 of each coil 110
Protrudes inside the vehicle, and the connection terminals of the wiring board 113 are fitted therein. The wiring of the wiring board 113 will be described later.

A hub bearing 123 is provided on the inner diameter side of the stator support 102 on the outer side of the vehicle, and the outer race 121 is similarly fixed by a circlip 106 in which the thrust direction of the silicon steel plate is fixed. An axle hub 127 also serving as a motor rotor is fixed to an inner race 122 of the hub bearing 123 by a bolt 124 having a flange 129 and a nut 125.

The axle hub 127 is made of a solid iron material, and has a cylindrical outer peripheral portion so as to cover the stator. Inside the cylindrical portion of the axle hub 127, there is provided a silicon steel sheet laminate 138 for a rotor in which a large number of silicon steel sheets covered with an insulating film are stacked similarly to the silicon steel sheet laminate 104 used for the stator. It is fixed with a number of screws 142. Then, the cylindrical silicon steel sheet laminated body 138
Inside, are arranged 16 permanent magnets 143 at regular intervals and are fixed with an adhesive.

As described above, the rotor of this embodiment has a two-layer structure in which the outside is a solid iron material which is a part of the axle hub 127, and the inside is a cylindrical silicon steel sheet laminate 138. By constructing the outside of the rotor with solid iron material, it is structurally stronger than the case where only the silicon steel sheet laminate is used, and since the heat conductivity is better than that of the silicon steel sheet laminate, the motor has a high temperature. And the demagnetization of the permanent magnet 143 due to heat can be prevented. Further, the cost is lower than that of the silicon steel sheet alone.

Incidentally, the torque required for the wheel motor is a function using the motor rotation speed as a variable, and a relatively high torque is required at a low rotation speed, but the required torque decreases as the rotation speed increases. Therefore, the motor control is also performed according to this required torque,
At low rotation, the magnetic flux density of the alternating magnetic field generated by the stator coil 110 is increased, and at high rotation, the magnetic flux density is reduced.

The radial width of the silicon steel sheet laminate 138 is adjusted on the premise of such control. That is,
In the state where the magnetic flux density at the time of low rotation is high, the magnetic flux penetrates not only in the silicon steel sheet laminate 138 but also in the cylindrical portion of the axle hub 128. The dimensions have been adjusted so that they can go through. As described above, at the time of high rotation, most of the magnetic flux passes through the silicon steel sheet laminated body 138 in which iron loss hardly occurs, so that the torque efficiency is high. Conversely, magnetic flux passes through solid iron material, which is relatively susceptible to iron loss at low rotation, but iron loss is proportional to the frequency of the alternating magnetic field. Is originally not too large and can be ignored.

Although this configuration can sufficiently suppress the occurrence of iron loss while maintaining the structural strength, the iron loss cannot be completely eliminated. That is, heat generation due to iron loss occurs even though it is slight. Therefore, in this embodiment, the outside of the cylindrical portion of the axle hub 127 has a fin shape in order to radiate heat generated by iron loss.

The permanent magnet 143 has the same deformed crescent shape as the permanent magnet of the first embodiment.
The bonding surface of the permanent magnet 143 with the permanent magnet 143 is a concave portion having the same curvature as the outer periphery of the permanent magnet 143 as in the first embodiment. Therefore, similarly to the first embodiment, the permanent magnet 143 is not easily shifted in the rotation direction at the bonding portion, and the permanent magnet 1
The rotational torque applied to 43 is effectively transmitted to silicon steel sheet laminate 138.

The motor stator covered with the axle hub 127 from the outside of the vehicle as described above is covered with the motor cover 128 from the inside of the vehicle. The motor cover 128 is made of solid iron like the axle hub 127,
It has a round dish shape with a circular opening in the center. The motor cover 128 is fixed to the axle hub 127 by bolts 133 on the outer periphery. Motor cover 12
An annular seal member 135 is press-fitted into the inner diameter of the seal member 8, and the lip on the inner diameter side of the seal member 135 is slidably in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the stator support 102. As a result, the inside of the motor is shielded from the outside.

A brake drum 131 is fastened and fixed to the flange provided on the outer periphery of the motor cover 128 by bolts 132. However, since the fastening portion of the motor cover 128 with the bolt 132 at the flange portion is slightly raised from the surface of the flange portion of the motor cover 128 to form a seat, the brake drum 131 and the motor cover 128 are identical except for the fastening portion. They are separated by the thickness of the seat of the fastening portion. Therefore, frictional heat generated during braking on the brake drum 131 is not easily transmitted to the motor cover 128.

Since the inner diameter of the brake drum 131 is larger than the outer diameter of the axle hub 127 which is a motor rotor, the brake drum 131 can be replaced without removing the motor.

A backing plate 134 having brake shoes, wheel cylinders, shoe return springs, and the like, which are components of the drum brake, is disposed further inside the vehicle than the brake drum 131. In addition,
The backing plate 134 is fixed to the wheel support 101.

In the disk portion of the axle hub 127,
The disc wheel 130 is fastened by the hub bolt 136 and the nut 137. The rotational torque generated by the motor is transmitted from the axle hub 127 to the disc wheel 130 via the hub bolt 136, and the braking torque generated by the brake drum 131 passes through the motor cover 128 and the axle hub 127, and then transmitted to the disc wheel 130 via the hub bolt 136. Is transmitted to

The axle hub 127 is connected to the hub bearing 12
3, a resolver 140 for detecting the rotation angle of the rotor is provided on the rear side of the bolt 124 for fixing the rotor 140 to the inside of the vehicle.
Is arranged. The stator of the resolver 140 is fixed to the stator support 102, and the rotor is fixed to a shaft 126 projecting from the bolt 124 to the inside of the vehicle. Since the shaft 126 for fixing the rotor of the resolver 140 is formed integrally with the bolt 124, the number of parts is small.

Three U-, V-, and W-phase power supply lines 141 extending from a power source on the vehicle body side are connected to a wiring board 113 through the inside of the stator support 102. The gap between the power supply line 141 and the stator support 102 is
4 is hermetically fixed. Therefore, water does not enter the motor through the wiring hole for the power supply line, and
Disconnection due to vibration can be prevented.

Next, the wiring of the wiring board 113 and the connection between the wiring and the coil 110 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the wiring of the wiring board 113 inside the vehicle, and FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the wiring of the wiring board 113 outside the vehicle. However, the wirings shown in FIG. 8 are those seen through the substrate from the inside of the vehicle so that the connection relationship with the wirings in FIG. 7 can be easily understood.

The U-phase of the three feeding lines 141 is connected to the terminal 1
51, the V phase is connected to the terminal 152, and the W phase is connected to the terminal 153, respectively. Silicon steel sheet laminate 104 for stator
The terminals 111 and 112 of the cassette coil 110 fitted to the respective teeth are inserted into female contacts having a circular hole shape provided on the wiring board 113, and the respective contacts are caulked. Each contact is electrically connected to each other by a strip-shaped conductor connecting the two contacts as shown in the figure, whereby three power supply lines 141 and 18 are provided.
The desired electrical connection with the individual cassette coils 110 has been achieved. The electrical connection and fixing between the terminals 111 and 112 and the female contacts are performed by the terminals 111 and 112.
This is achieved by caulking after inserting 2 into the female contact, but soldering may be used instead of caulking.

FIG. 8 shows a specific connection between the cassette coil 110 and each contact of the wiring board 113. In the drawing, the characters “forward” or “reverse” displayed near each cassette coil 110 indicate that the corresponding cassette coil 110 is forward or reverse. Reference symbols U, V, and W in which three cassette coils 110 are grouped together indicate that each cassette coil 110 is connected to each of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase power supply lines. The wiring 154 in FIG. 7 is a neutral point,
For example, one terminal 11 of the U-phase cassette coil 110a
2a is connected to a neutral point wiring 154 via a contact 155.

[0082]

As described above, according to the motor or the wheel motor of the present invention, a plurality of coils wound in advance outside the teeth are inserted into the teeth, and the connection between the coils is connected by the wiring means. Since it has a structure, manufacturing is easy and manufacturing costs can be reduced. In addition, since the coil is wound outside the teeth, various winding methods can be applied.By using the most suitable winding method, the winding is compared with the conventional coil wound directly on the teeth. Density can be increased. If the winding density can be increased, the magnetic flux density of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator can be increased, and a high rotating torque can be obtained.

According to the vehicle of the present invention equipped with such a wheel motor, for example, by applying the wheel motor to the driven wheel, the vehicle can be used as an auxiliary power wheel when climbing a hill or used for controlling the attitude of the vehicle. Or you can.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a wheel motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a stator and a rotor according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a partial plan view showing a mechanical fuse provided in the cylindrical member 30 of the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a vehicle equipped with the wheel motor of the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the structure of a wheel motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view cut along the line VI-VI.

FIG. 7 shows a wiring board 113 used in the second embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a state of wiring inside the vehicle.

FIG. 8 is a plan view transparently showing a state of wiring on the outside of the vehicle of the wiring board 113.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 14, 101 ... wheel support, 15, 121 ... outer race (of hub bearing), 16 ... backing plate, 17, 27 ... nut, 18, 122 ... inner race (of hub bearing), 19, 26 ... bolt, 20,
127 ... axle hub, 22 ... brake drum, 23 ...
Disk wheel, 30: cylindrical member, 32: magnetic cylinder,
35, 143: permanent magnet, 40, 104: silicon steel sheet laminate, 42: teeth, 43, 110: coil, 46, 1
13 Wiring board, 50, 128 Motor cover, 55
Electromagnetic pickup, 56: sensor rotor, 71: body,
102: stator support, 138: silicon steel sheet laminate for rotor.

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Kenzo Okuda 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Inside Toyota Motor Corporation

Claims (26)

[Claims] 1. An outer rotor type motor comprising: a stator for generating a rotating magnetic field on an outer periphery; and a rotor provided outside the stator so as to be rotatable in the same direction as the rotating magnetic field. A plurality of teeth made of magnetic material radially arranged on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis,
It is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of coils which are wound in a cylindrical shape in advance and are inserted into the respective teeth and are independent from each other, and wiring means for connecting terminals of the plurality of coils in a desired relationship. motor. 2. A wheel motor comprising: a stator fixed to an axle and generating a rotating magnetic field on an outer periphery; and a rotor fixed to an axle hub rotatably supported around the axle, wherein the stator is radial with respect to the axle. A plurality of teeth made of a magnetic material provided in the above, a plurality of coils wound in a cylindrical shape in advance and inserted into each of the teeth and independent of each other, and terminals of the plurality of coils are connected in a desired relationship. A wheel motor comprising: 3. The coil according to claim 2, wherein the coil is a resin-molded cassette coil formed by pouring a resin between the windings while the winding is pressed at a high pressure.
A wheel motor according to claim 1. 4. The wheel motor according to claim 2, wherein the wiring in the wiring means is provided with a thermal fuse which cuts off an electrical connection when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. 5. The plurality of teeth are provided integrally on an outer periphery of an annular magnetic body, and the magnetic bodies are fixed to a wheel support of a vehicle in a state where the coil is inserted into each of the teeth. 3. The wheel motor according to claim 2, wherein the wheel motor is fixed to an outer race of the hub bearing or an integral part thereof. 6. The wheel motor according to claim 5, wherein the teeth have a tapered shape tapering radially outward. 7. The wheel motor according to claim 6, wherein the magnetic body provided with the teeth is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets whose surfaces are insulated. 8. The wheel motor according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic body formed by laminating the silicon steel plates is serrated and fitted to an outer race of the hub bearing or a member formed integrally therewith. . 9. The axle hub is fixed to an inner race of the hub bearing, and the rotor includes a cylindrical member fixed to the axle hub, and a plurality of permanent magnets arranged on an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member. The wheel motor according to claim 5, wherein: 10. The wheel motor according to claim 9, wherein the thickness of the permanent magnet in the radial direction of the cylindrical member is reduced at both ends in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member. 11. The permanent magnet is a columnar body having a crescent-shaped upper and lower bottom surface with both ends removed, the height direction of which is aligned with the axle direction, and the convex side surface of which is outside. The wheel motor according to claim 10, wherein the curvature of the concave side surface of the permanent magnet is larger than the curvature of the convex side surface, which is fixed to a peripheral surface. 12. The wheel motor according to claim 9, wherein cooling fins are provided on an outer periphery of the cylindrical member constituting the rotor. 13. The number of the stators is 9n (n is a natural number).
3. The wheel motor according to claim 2, wherein the rotor is provided with 8n permanent magnets, so that the rotor is an 8-pole, 9-coil motor. 4. 14. The wheel motor according to claim 2, further comprising a motor rotation angle detector coaxial with the axle. 15. The axle hub to which the cylindrical member is fixed covers the vehicle outside of the stator, and the cylindrical member covers the stator, and the outer race outer periphery of the hub bearing and the inner periphery thereof slide. The wheel motor according to claim 9, further comprising a motor cover that comes into contact with the gap as much as possible. 16. The wheel motor according to claim 15, wherein an inner diameter of the motor cover is larger than a distance between a bolt for fixing an outer race of the hub bearing to the wheel support and an axle center. 17. A power supply line for supplying electric power to the coil from a power supply disposed in a vehicle body to which the wheel support is attached is provided with a through-hole provided on the outer race or a member fixed integrally therewith. The wheel motor according to claim 15, wherein the wheel motor is connected to the wiring board through a hole and has an air passage formed therein. 18. The rotor and the stator are disposed inside a vehicle of a disk portion of the axle hub, and a disk portion of a brake drum and a disk wheel are sequentially arranged outside the vehicle of the disk portion of the axle hub from inside the vehicle. The wheel motor according to claim 2, wherein the wheel motor is fixed. 19. The wheel motor according to claim 18, wherein the rotor, the stator, and the brake drum are housed within a rim width of the disc wheel. 20. A vehicle comprising the wheel motor according to claim 2, 5, or 9. 21. The outer race of the hub bearing is detachably fixed to the wheel support with a first fastening member while being integrated with an inner race to which an axle hub having the cylindrical member is fixed. The brake drum and the disc wheel are detachably fixed to the axle hub with a common second fastening member, and a drum brake is formed between the outer race and the wheel support together with the brake drum. 21. The vehicle according to claim 20, wherein a backing plate is sandwiched and fixed by the first fastening member. 22. The first fastening member and the second fastening member each include a bolt and a nut, and the bolt diameter of the first fastening member is equal to or larger than the bolt diameter of the second fastening member. A vehicle according to claim 21. 23. The vehicle according to claim 22, wherein the cylindrical member fixed to the axle hub and the brake drum are formed as separate members. 24. The vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the brake drum is sandwiched between the axle hub and a disk portion of the disk wheel and is fixed by the second fastening member. 25. The vehicle according to claim 24, wherein the axle hub and the cylindrical member are fastened via a mechanical fuse that is disconnected when a torque greater than a predetermined value is applied. 26. The vehicle according to claim 25, wherein a difference between the rotor outer diameter and the brake drum inner diameter is larger than a difference between the rotor inner diameter and the stator outer diameter.