JPH06133511A - Generator for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a generator for a vehicle which can generate a high output from a low mechanical energy. CONSTITUTION:The generator 1 for a vehicle comprises an armature 27 having n (n is an integer) armature cores 35 each applied with a winding 41, and a rotor 29 having (n-1) pieces of annular permanent magnets 45 arranged on the outer periphery of each armature pole of the armature 27 at a predetermined pitch in the direction of rotary motion with each pair of N and S poles inclining against the axis of rotary motion. The armature 27 and the rotor 29 are disposed at the wheel section 3 of a vehicle such that they can rotate relatively.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle generator,
In particular, the present invention relates to a vehicle generator in which electric power can be taken out by relatively rotating an armature and a field composed of a permanent magnet annularly arranged on the outer periphery of the armature in a rotating portion of the vehicle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An automobile is equipped with a generator, and when the internal combustion engine rotates at a predetermined speed or more, electric power is generated from the generator to charge a battery or the like, or to a predetermined electric load. Is being supplied. This vehicular generator is generally fixed to an internal combustion engine. The rotating shaft of the vehicle generator is connected to the rotating shaft of the internal combustion engine by a belt or the like, and the generator is rotated by the rotation of the internal combustion engine. By the way, DC generators and synchronous generators are used for such vehicle generators. These DC generators and synchronous generators are roughly classified into an armature rotating type and a field rotating type. In either case, the number of magnetic poles of the field and the number of armature poles are 1: 1 and 1: 1. It is configured by an integer ratio like 2. Further, in the case of these generators, the field pole is generally magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the armature winding.

[0003]

Therefore, for example, in a field rotating type DC generator or a synchronous generator using permanent magnets, the permanent magnets of the field poles are attached at right angles to the relative rotation direction of the armature. Since it is magnetized, the strongest suction force is generated when the pole and the armature pole face each other, and on the contrary, the suction force is sharply reduced in the valley of the magnetic pole. Occur alternately, and strong cogging occurs in the rotation of the armature. For this reason, a strong rotation torque is required, and the rotation is not performed smoothly, so that there is a drawback that the power generation efficiency is low with respect to the mechanical input. In view of the above-mentioned points, an object of the present invention is to provide a vehicular generator that can generate a large output with a small amount of mechanical energy input.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above object, a vehicular generator of the present invention comprises an armature in which n (n is an integer) armature poles are respectively wound, Provided on the outer circumference of each armature pole of the armature, adjacent magnetic pole pairs of N and S poles are arranged at a predetermined pitch in the direction of rotational movement and n
-1 is provided, and a field formed by an annular permanent magnet in which each of the N-pole and S-pole pairs is inclined with respect to the axis of rotational movement is arranged in the rotating portion of the vehicle, and the electric machine It is characterized in that the child and the field are configured to relatively rotate. Further, the rotating portion of the vehicle may be a wheel portion of the vehicle.

[0005]

According to the present invention, the vehicle generator is attached to the rotating portion of the vehicle. In this vehicle generator, the number of armature poles of the armature is n (where n is an integer), while the number of magnetic pole pairs of the field is n−1 and the permanent magnet is magnetized. The direction is the direction of rotation of the armature or field or the opposite direction,
Further, the magnetizations of the plurality of permanent magnets are arranged to be inclined with respect to the axis of the rotational movement, and the armature and field poles are relatively moved and rotated in the rotating portion of the vehicle.
Therefore, since the number of poles of the armature is n (n is an integer) and the polarities of the permanent magnets forming the field are n−1,
Only one pair of the poles of the permanent magnet and the pole of the armature always face each other, and the other poles do not face each other at the same time. Since this pole is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotational movement of the field formed by the permanent magnet, the substantial attraction generated between the two within the range of the crossover angle before and after the above-mentioned positive pair. Power does not change significantly. Therefore, a large amount of generated power can be obtained with a small torque, and the magnetic flux density that cuts the armature winding is expanded and flattened at the maximum, so that it becomes close to a trapezoidal waveform, and when it is converted to direct current through a diode. The conversion efficiency is improved.

[0006]

The present invention will be described below with reference to the illustrated embodiments. 1 to 7 show an embodiment of a vehicular generator of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a sectional view in which the vehicular generator is applied to wheels of a vehicle, and FIG. 2 is the entire vehicular generator. 3 is an explanatory view showing the positional relationship between the magnetic pole pair and the magnetic pole, FIG. 4 is a front view of the armature core, and FIG.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a specific example of each armature winding, FIG. 6 is a front view of a permanent magnet forming a field, and FIG. 7 is a partial development view showing a magnetized state of the magnet. In these figures, the vehicle generator 1 is provided inside the wheel portion 3 of the automobile. The wheel part 3 is configured as follows. That is, the hub 11 is rotatably fixed to the shaft 7 protruding from the suspension arm 5 via the bearing 9. Further, a plurality of bolts 15 for mounting a tire wheel are projected on the hub 11, and after passing through the mounting holes of the tire wheel 17 through these bolts 15 and tightening with a nut 19, the tire wheel 17 is mounted on the hub 11. Fixed to. A tire 21 is attached to the tire wheel 17.

The generator 1 includes an armature 27 provided on a base 25 fixed to the shaft 7 and the hub 1
1 and a rotor 29 provided inside thereof, and is configured as follows. The base 25 has a convex cross section, and the projecting portion 31 has a cylindrical shape. A fixing portion 33 for fixing the armature core 35 is formed on the protruding portion 31. As shown in FIG. 2, the armature core 35 has a fixing hole 39 for fixing formed in the center of a core base 37, and nine armature poles (in this embodiment, from the core base 37 to the outside). n = 9) P _{1 to} P ₂
Are formed. This armature core 35 is based on the base 2
The fixing hole 39 of the core base body 37 is press-fitted into the fixing portion 33 formed on the protruding portion 31 of No. 5, and is fixed with an adhesive or the like. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, each armature pole P _{1 to} P ₉ has a winding method for an odd number of poles. One phase is formed, and the armature poles P _{1 to} P _{9 having} 3 × 3 and 9 poles are covered.

Further, the rotor 29 has a concave bottomed cylindrical shape, and is rotatably supported by the shaft 7 through a bearing 43. The rotor 29 is fixed to the hub 11, and the hub 11 and the rotor 29 are also rotated according to the rotation of the tire 21. An annular permanent magnet 45 is fixed to the inner peripheral wall of the rotor 29. The annular permanent magnet 45 is used for the armature core 3
The armature poles P _{1 to} P ₉ of _No. 5 rotate in close proximity to each other. In this permanent magnet 45, as shown in FIGS. 3, 6 and 7, the magnetic pole pair J is magnetized so that the adjacent N and S poles are in contact with each other, and the magnetic pole pair J rotates. N-1 pieces are magnetized at a constant pitch in the direction (circumferential direction), and as shown in FIG. 7, S of the magnetic pole pair J is set with respect to the center line of the cylindrical rotor 29 which is the rotating shaft.
It is magnetized so that the boundary between the pole and the N pole is inclined. In the above embodiment, the magnetic pole pair J of the permanent magnets 45 has nine (n = 9) armature poles P _{1 to} P ₉ of the armature 27, so that n−1 = 9-1 = 8. After all, the permanent magnet 45
Is composed of eight magnetic pole pairs J _{1 to} J ₈ .

The operation of such an embodiment will be described below. When the vehicle starts to operate and the tire 21 starts to rotate, the hub 11 rotates and the rotor 29 moves to the armature 27.
Will rotate around the armature poles P _{1 to} P ₉ . At this time, since the generator 1 is configured as described above, only one pair of the poles of the magnet 45 and the armature poles P _{1 to} P _{9 of the} armature core 35 face each other at all times,
Others do not face each other at the same time. And this pole n is
Since the field formed by the permanent magnet 45 is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotational movement, the substantial attractive force generated between the two is large within the range of the crossover angle before and after the facing pair. It does not change. In addition, the permanent magnet 45 that constitutes the field
Of the armature pole n ₁ in FIG.
As the attraction force between the S pole of the permanent magnet 45 and the armature pole n ₁ weakens after passing through the position of, the armature pole n ₂ positioned next and the N pole which is the other pole of the permanent magnet 45 Since the repulsive force increases during the period, the decrease in the actual attractive force is offset. Therefore, since the relationship is close to the direct pair, the cogging torque fluctuation due to the abrupt change of the attraction force of the armature poles P _{1 to} P ₉ by the poles of the permanent magnet 45 forming the field becomes small. In other words, the rotor 29
The rotation will be smooth.

In the generator 1 of the present invention, since the poles of the permanent magnets 45 forming the field are inclined as described above,
The change in the magnetic flux density that occurs in the armature poles P _{1 to} P ₉ decreases before and after facing the poles. Therefore, since the current generated in the winding wire 41 is close to a flat state, it is possible to reduce the ripple voltage contained in the direct current when the output voltage of the generator 1 is converted into the direct current.
In addition, according to the above-described embodiment, since the generator is provided in the wheel portion 3 of the vehicle, the mounting space of the generator can be reduced. Next, the performance of the vehicle generator 1 is measured. First, as the experimental machine of the vehicle generator 1, the one having the following structure was used. That is, the outer diameter of the armature core 35 is 39.4 [mm], and the permanent magnet 45 provided on the inner circumference of the rotor 29 rotating outside the armature poles P _{1 to} P ₉ of the armature core 35 is Inner diameter 40 [m
m]. The winding 41 wound around each of the armature poles P _{1 to} P ₉ is formed by winding an insulated copper wire of 0.16 [mm] for 140 turns, and the resistance of the winding 41 is 9.3 [Ω]. Met. Moreover, the conventional DC generator is also assumed to have substantially the same shape as that described above.

With respect to such an experimental machine, measurement is performed by the measuring circuit shown in FIG. Explaining the circuit configuration in FIG.
One end of each winding 41a, 41b, 41c is commonly connected to Y
It is considered as a wire connection. The other end of the winding 41a is connected to the connecting portion of the two diodes D _1a and D _1b connected with the polarities shown, and the other end of the winding 41b has two diodes connected with the polarities shown. The winding 41c is connected to the connection between D _2a and D _2b , and the other end of the winding 41c is connected to the connection between the two diodes D _3a and D _3b connected with the polarities shown. In addition, each diode D _1a , D
The cathodes of _2a and D _3a are commonly connected, and the anodes of the diodes D _1b , D _2b and D _3b are also commonly connected, and an electric machine load R is connected between the cathode and the anode. Therefore, the load R serves as a DC generator in which only a unidirectional current flows. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a voltmeter V and an ammeter A are connected to the electric machine load R.

In the measuring circuit shown in FIG. 8, the generator output is simply rectified to obtain a direct current. However, when actually used as the vehicle generator 1, the constant voltage is obtained after obtaining the direct current component. It is preferable to supply a constant voltage through the circuit and supply the voltage to the battery or the electric load at that voltage. When the circuit is configured as described above, the rotation axis of the experimental machine is rotated, and the voltage / current and the like are measured, the characteristics shown in FIG. 9 can be obtained. FIG. 9 shows the performance of the vehicle generator 1, in which the horizontal axis represents the generated current I [A], the vertical axis represents the generated voltage V [V], and the torque [gc].
m], and shows the relationship among voltage, current, and torque for each rotation speed. For example, the load R is 1 [kΩ],
When the rotor 29 is rotated at 1000 [rpm], the generated voltage V ₁₁ results in the generated current I ₁₁ , and the rotor 29 is rotated to 7
When the rotor 29 is rotated at 50 [rPm], the generated voltage V ₁₂ produces a generated current I ₁₂ , and when the rotor 29 is rotated at 500 [rpm], the generated voltage V ₁₃ produces a generated current I ₁₃ . Similarly, for example, when the load R is set to 500 [Ω] and the rotor 29 is rotated at 1000 [rpm], the generated voltage V _{21 results} in the generated current I ₂₁ , and the rotor 29 is set to 500.
When the rotor 29 is rotated at [rpm], the generated voltage V ₂₃ is the generated current I ₁₃ , and when the rotor 29 is rotated at 250 [rpm], the generated voltage V ₂₄ is the generated current I ₂₄ .
Further, for example, when the load R is set to 100 [Ω] and the rotor 29 is rotated at 1000 [rpm], the generated voltage V ₃₁
At the generated current I ₃₁ and the rotor 29 at 500 [rp
m] and the generated current I at the generated voltage V _33.
33 , and when the rotor 29 is rotated at 250 [rpm], the generated voltage V ₃₄ becomes the generated current I ₃₄ . Further, for example, the load R is 10 [Ω] and the rotor 29 is 10
00 next generation current I ₃₁ at the generator voltage V ₃₁ when rotating in [rpm], is at the intersection with the other of the rotational speed,
They are the generated voltage and current, respectively.

From the above measurement results, a constant load R is connected to the generator 1 and the torque Ta input to the generator 1 is
Comparing the torque Tb input to the conventional generator, it can be understood that the generated current I of the vehicle generator 1 can be very large for the same torque input as the conventional generator. On the contrary, it can be seen that the torque input for obtaining the same generated current I is smaller in the vehicle generator 1 of the present invention. The reason is that the generator 1 of the present invention has the magnetic poles arranged as described above and that there is no loss due to the addition of the brush friction loss and the cogging torque of the conventional generator as shown in FIG. by. It should be noted that FIG. 10 shows the number of revolutions [rpm] when the load R in the above measurement circuit is infinite
The relationship of the output voltage (no-load induced voltage) [V] with respect to the above is shown. As can be understood from the figure, the voltage rises in proportion to the number of revolutions.

11 to 13 show the performance of the generator 1. The actual performance of the generator will be described with reference to these figures. FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram showing an output curve for each rotation [rpm] in the generator.
The horizontal axis of FIG. 11 represents the output voltage [V], and the vertical axis represents the output power [W]. And this generator 1 shows the following characteristics. That is, the rotor 29 of the generator 1 is set to 300, 500, 800, 1000, 1300, 150.
When rotated at 0 or 1700 [rpm], the output power [W] increases as the voltage [V] increases, but the output voltage [W] rises to a predetermined value (for example, 300 [rp]).
When it reaches about 9 [V] in the case of m], the output power [W] has a characteristic of decreasing even if the output voltage [V] becomes a large value thereafter. FIG. 12 is a characteristic diagram showing an efficiency curve for each rotation speed [rpm] in the generator. In FIG. 12, the horizontal axis represents the output voltage [V] and the vertical axis represents the efficiency [%]. This generator 1 exhibits the following efficiency characteristics. Efficiency is the generator 1 for the input of the generator 1.
Obtained from the output of. Therefore, the rotor 29 of the generator 1 is set to 300, 500, 800, 1000, 1300, 150.
The efficiency characteristic of FIG. 12 is obtained by plotting the relationship of the output with respect to the input of each rotation speed as the efficiency when rotated at each rotation speed of 0 or 1700 [rpm].
As can be seen from this figure, at each rotation speed, the maximum efficiency is shown at a predetermined output voltage [V], and the efficiency is reduced at other times.

FIG. 13 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the maximum efficiency [%] and each rotation speed [rpm]. As shown in FIG. 13, the generator 1 of the present invention has 70 to 8 at each rotation speed.
It can be seen that the high efficiency of 5 [%] is maintained.
FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the vehicle generator of the present invention. The vehicular generator 1 ′ shown in FIG. 14 differs from the vehicular generator 1 of FIG. 1 in that it is provided outside the wheel portion 3 of the automobile. Further, the wheel portion 3 has substantially the same structure as that of FIG. 1, except that a shaft 7 ′ is extended from that of FIG. In addition, in the vehicle generator 1 ′, the armature 2
A base 25 'is fixed to the tip end side of the shaft 7', so that 7'is directed inward. Further, in this vehicle generator 1 ′, the permanent magnet 45 ′ of the rotor 29 ′ has the armature 2
Bearing 43 'so that the outer circumference of 7'can be rotated
Is supported by the shaft 7'through. This rotor 2
Although not shown, 9'is fixed to the tire wheel 17, and is adapted to rotate with the rotation of the tire wheel 17. Since such a structure is characteristic and the other structures are the same as those in FIG. 1, the description of the structure and the operation is omitted.

According to the other embodiments described above, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and since they are provided on the outer side of the wheel portion 3, inspection and repair can be simplified. In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the vehicle generator is provided inside and outside the wheel portion,
For example, the vehicular generator may be provided directly on the flywheel portion of the engine or the rotating shaft of the engine. Also in this case,
Installation space is smaller than conventional generators. Further, in each of the above embodiments, the permanent magnet 45 constituting the field outside the armature core 35 is rotated, but the permanent magnet 45 is fixed and the armature core 35 inside the permanent magnet 45 is fixed. You may make it rotate. In this case, power may be extracted using a conventional brush.

[0017]

As described above, according to the vehicle generator of the present invention, the armature having n (n is an integer) armature pole and the permanent magnets magnetized in the circumferential direction are provided. -1 is used, and a field in which the permanent magnets are annularly arranged so that the magnetization of each of the permanent magnets is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotational movement, is arranged in the rotating portion of the vehicle, and Since the magnets make a relative rotational movement, there is little mechanical energy loss and electrical energy loss, and a large amount of electric power can be supplied with a small mechanical input. Further, according to the present invention, the maximum part of the magnetic flux density that cuts the armature winding is widened and flattened, so that the generated current is close to a trapezoidal waveform, and the conversion efficiency to direct current is increased.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the entire configuration of a generator used in the same example.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a positional relationship between a magnetic pole and a magnetic pole pair of the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a front view of an armature core used in the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a specific example of an armature winding with nine poles used in the same embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a permanent magnet forming a field magnet used in the embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a partial development view showing a magnetized state of a magnet used in the example.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing an experimental measurement circuit of the generator used in the example.

FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing measurement results of the experimental machine together with measurement results of a conventional generator.

FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing a no-load characteristic of the generator.

FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram showing an output curve for each rotation speed in the generator.

FIG. 12 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between maximum efficiency and each rotation speed in the generator.

FIG. 13 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between maximum efficiency and each rotation speed in the same generator.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Vehicle Generator 3 Wheel Part 5 Suspension Arm 7 Shaft 7'Shaft 11 Hub 17 Tire Wheel 25 Base 25 'Base 27 Armature 27' Armature 29 Rotor 29 'Rotor 37 Core Base 41 Winding 45 Permanent Magnet 45' Permanent magnet

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An armature in which n (n is an integer) windings are respectively wound, and N and S poles adjacent to each other provided on the outer circumference of each armature pole of the armature. No. 1 magnetic pole pairs are provided at a predetermined pitch in the direction of rotational movement, and n-1 magnetic pole pairs are formed by annular permanent magnets inclined with respect to the axis of rotational movement. And a field magnet arranged in a rotating portion of the vehicle, and the armature and the field magnet relatively rotate. 2. The generator for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the rotating portion of the vehicle is a wheel portion of the vehicle.