JPH10248917A - 人工関節 - Google Patents

人工関節

Info

Publication number
JPH10248917A
JPH10248917A JP9323925A JP32392597A JPH10248917A JP H10248917 A JPH10248917 A JP H10248917A JP 9323925 A JP9323925 A JP 9323925A JP 32392597 A JP32392597 A JP 32392597A JP H10248917 A JPH10248917 A JP H10248917A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
component
weight
alloy
carbon
shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP9323925A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP4271269B2 (ja
Inventor
Richard Farrar
リチャード・ファーラー
Mary Elizabeth Schmidt
メアリー・エリザベス・シュミット
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd
Original Assignee
Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd filed Critical Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd
Publication of JPH10248917A publication Critical patent/JPH10248917A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4271269B2 publication Critical patent/JP4271269B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
    • A61L27/045—Cobalt or cobalt alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2/4609—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of acetabular cups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/468—Testing instruments for artificial joints
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/30107—Properties of materials and coating materials using materials or accessories for preventing galvanic or electrolytic corrosion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30332—Conically- or frustoconically-shaped protrusion and recess
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30593—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for hollow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
    • A61F2002/30784—Plurality of holes
    • A61F2002/30787—Plurality of holes inclined obliquely with respect to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
    • A61F2002/3079—Stepped or enlarged apertures, e.g. having discrete diameter changes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30904—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves serrated profile, i.e. saw-toothed
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/30—Joints
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    • A61F2002/30906—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth shot- sand- or grit-blasted
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/30—Joints
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    • A61F2/4637—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for connecting or disconnecting two parts of a prosthesis
    • A61F2002/4641—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for connecting or disconnecting two parts of a prosthesis for disconnecting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0009—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using materials or accessories for preventing galvanic or electrolytic corrosion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0033—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00017—Iron- or Fe-based alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00029—Cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Co-Cr alloys or Vitallium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures

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Abstract

(57)【要約】 【課題】 摩耗量が少ない関節連結面を有する人工関節
を提供する。 【解決手段】 第１コンポーネントと第２コンポーネン
トを含み、第１コンポーネントと第２コンポーネントの
関節連結面が共にコバルトクロム合金から作られている
人工関節において、第１コンポーネントあるいは第２コ
ンポーネントの関節連結面は０．１重量％未満の炭素を
有するコバルトクロム合金から作られ、他方の関節連結
面は少なくとも０．１８重量％の炭素を含むコバルトク
ロム合金から作られる。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、隙間なく一致する
関節連結面を有する２個以上のコンポーネントを含む人
工股関節などの人工関節に関する。さらに詳細には、本
発明は関節連結面が金属から作られるそのような人工関
節に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術および発明が解決しようとする課題】股関
節、肩関節および膝関節のような人工関節は極めて広く
整形外科で使用される。股関節プロテーゼ（人工股関
節）は特に一般的である。そのような人工股関節は、寛
骨臼カップと呼ばれることが多い寛骨臼コンポーネント
と、大腿骨コンポーネントを含む。寛骨臼コンポーネン
トは、通常、ほぼ半球形状をしており、これはほぼ半球
状の関節連結内面を備えている。大腿骨コンポーネント
は、通常、細長いステムに取り付けられた球形あるいは
球形に近いヘッド（骨頭）を含む。使用の際、その細長
いステムは大腿骨の骨髄内管に配置され、大腿骨コンポ
ーネントの骨頭（ヘッド）は寛骨臼コンポーネント内に
配置されて、大腿骨と寛骨臼の間で関節連結（articula
tion）がなされる。
【０００３】最初の人工股関節では、寛骨臼コンポーネ
ントの関節連結内面と大腿骨コンポーネントの骨頭部の
両方が鋳造コバルトクロム合金などの金属から作られ
た。しかしながら、そのような金属接触（metal-on-met
al）の人工股関節は、金属外殻（シェル）を備えた改良
された形態の寛骨臼カップと超高分子量ポリエチレン挿
入物（インサート）の使用によりかなり代替された。後
者のタイプの人工股関節は非常に多量に使用されている
が、ポリエチレンカップ内での金属骨頭（ヘッド）の関
節連結により、該カップのかなりの部分が浸食又は腐蝕
され、ポリエチレンの屑が周りの組織に放出される問題
を生じることがある。このため、金属接触の人工股関節
が再度注目されつつある。
【０００４】現在入手できる金属接触の人工股関節の一
つは Protek AG社から配布されている Metasul（商標）
製品である。この人工股関節の製品文献には、寛骨臼カ
ップと大腿骨コンポーネントは共にProtasul（登録商
標）-21WF と呼ばれる鍛造ＣｏＣｒＭｏ合金から作られ
ることを明記されている。Protasul（登録商標）-21WF
の炭素含有量は典型的な０．２重量％であると考えられ
る。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】驚くべきことに、金属接
触（metal-on-metal）の人工関節の２つの関節連結面を
それぞれ構成する金属の炭素含有量が互いに不釣合い
（mis-match)である場合に、磨耗性や耐久性が最も改善
されることが見出された。従って、本発明は第１コンポ
ーネントと第２コンポーネントを含み、第１コンポーネ
ントと第２コンポーネントの関節連結面が共にコバルト
クロム合金から作られている人工関節において、前記第
１コンポーネント又は前記第２コンポーネントの前記関
節連結面は０．１重量％未満の炭素を有するコバルトク
ロム合金から作られ、もう一方の関節連結面は少なくと
も０．１８重量％の炭素を含むコバルトクロム合金から
作られることを特徴とする。
【０００６】０．１重量％未満の炭素を含有する合金
を、以下「低炭素量」合金と称する。本発明の人工関節
で使用される低炭素量合金は０．７重量％以下の炭素、
例えば、約０．６重量％の炭素を含有するのが好まし
い。
【０００７】少なくとも０．１８重量％の炭素を含有す
る合金を、以下「高炭素量」合金と称する。本発明の人
工関節で使用される高炭素量合金は０．２重量％乃至
０．３５重量％の炭素、例えば、約０．２２重量％の炭
素を含有するのが好ましい。
【０００８】本発明の人工関節を構成するために使用さ
れる合金は、５８重量％乃至６９重量％のコバルト、２
６重量％乃至３０重量％までのクロム、５重量％乃至７
重量％のモリブデンを含有し、他の元素は合計で５重量
％以下しか含有しないことが好ましい。さらに、そのよ
うな合金は、ニッケルを１重量％以下、鉄を０．７５重
量％以下、ケイ素を１重量％以下、マンガンを１重量％
以下、窒素を０．２５重量％以下しか含有しないことが
好ましい。錬合金が好ましいが、鋳造あるいは鍛造合金
も使用することができる。上記組成を有する錬合金は、
ASTM F1537に記載されており、一方、同じ組成の鍛造合
金は、ASTM F799 に記載されている。鋳造合金は２７重
量％乃至３０重量％のクロム含有量であるのが好まし
い。適切な鋳造合金はASTM F75である。
【０００９】人工関節は第１コンポーネントが寛骨臼カ
ップであり、第２コンポーネントが大腿骨コンポーネン
トである人工股関節であるのが好ましい。
【００１０】本発明に係る人工関節の関節連結面は通常
略一致する。人工股関節の場合、そのような面は球面で
あり、ISO 4291で与えられる最小域中心法（minimum zo
ne centre method）により測定した場合に、１０μｍ以
下の真円度誤差であるのが好ましい。関節連結面は真円
度誤差が８μｍ以下であるのが好ましく、５μｍ以下で
あるのがさらに好ましい。
【００１１】摩耗量を最小にするため、本発明の人工関
節の関節連結面はまた、通常よく磨かれている。その関
節連結面は０．１μｍ以下、より好ましくは０．０５μ
ｍ以下のRa値(ISO 468により測定して）を有することが
好ましい。本発明による特に好ましい人工関節は、０．
０２μｍ以下のRa値を備えた関節連結面を有する。
【００１２】本発明による人工股関節は様々な形態を採
ることができる。例えば、大腿骨コンポーネントは、セ
メントを用いるタイプでも、セメントを用いないタイプ
でもよく、また大腿骨コンポーネントには大腿骨の突起
（calcar）に荷重を伝えるためのカラー（襟部分）が設
けられる。同様に、寛骨臼コンポーネントはセメントを
用いるタイプでも、セメントを用いないタイプでもよ
い。
【００１３】セメントを用いない大腿骨コンポーネント
あるいは寛骨臼コンポーネントを本発明に従って使用す
る場合、先行技術でよく知られているように、それらの
コンポーネントに多孔質の外面を設けて骨を取り付け易
くすることができる。適切な多孔質面は、簡単な荒い噴
射仕上げ、化学エッチングあるいはプラズマスプレー層
の塗布のような様々な方法で形成される。ビーズ、メッ
シュあるいはファイバーパッドを有する焼成多孔質皮膜
も使用することができる。
【００１４】本発明によるセメントを使用した人工関節
は、セメントの摩耗を防止するため、通常、比較的滑ら
かな表面仕上げを有する。
【００１５】本発明の人工関節は全体がコバルトクロム
合金から作られる必要はないことが理解されよう。例え
ば、寛骨臼カップは、関節連結面を与えるコバルトクロ
ム合金の挿入物（インサート）と、チタン、チタン合金
又はコバルトクロム合金から（あるいはセラミックから
でも）構成される外殻（シェル）を有することができ
る。電蝕を防ぐためにインサートとシェルを電気的に絶
縁するのであれば、ステンレス鋼もシェルに使用するこ
ともできるだろう。
【００１６】同様に、人工大腿骨は、コバルトクロム合
金の骨頭（ヘッド）と、チタン、チタン合金又はコバル
トクロム合金から構成されたステムを有することができ
る。人工股関節形態の本発明による人工関節の実施例
を、添付図面を参照して以下に説明する。
【００１７】
【発明の実施の形態】図１は寛骨臼コンポーネント１２
と大腿骨コンポーネント１４を有する人工股関節１を示
す。寛骨臼コンポーネント１２は、関節連結内面２０を
備えシェル１７内に配置されたインサート１８から構成
される。そのインサート１８は、ASTMF1537に一致する
約０．２２重量％の炭素含有量を有する錬コバルトクロ
ム合金からなり、一方、シェル１７はチタン合金（Ti6A
14V)からなる。
【００１８】インサート１８の関節連結内面２０は、大
腿骨コンポーネント１４の骨頭１６の表面に略一致す
る。大腿骨コンポーネント１４はまた、大腿骨の骨頭１
６を取り付けることができる大腿骨ステムも備えてい
る。骨頭１６と大腿骨ステムは共に、ASTM F1537に一致
するコバルトクロム合金からなっている。しかし、イン
サート１８と対照的に、骨頭１６を構成する合金の炭素
含有量は約０．０６重量％である。
【００１９】インサート１８は、ほぼ半球状であり、そ
の外面３０の一部分を、インサート１８のリム３８に隣
接して帯の形態で有しており、その帯は、シェル１７の
一定角度をなした内面３２とテーパー嵌合（先細嵌合）
をするために一定角度で曲がっている。インサート１８
の残りの外面とシェル１７の内面の間には隙間領域があ
る。シェル１８はそのリム３８に溝３６を有し、その溝
に抜出し具を配置することができる。
【００２０】寛骨臼コンポーネント１２のシェル１７
は、骨の取り付けを容易にするため前に説明したように
付けることができる畝付き外面２２を有する。説明した
実施例のシェル１７は、患者の腰骨にシェル１７を固定
するのにねじを通す３つの開口２４を有する。そのねじ
は、インサート１８をシェル１７内に挿入する前に取り
付けられる。開口２４にはねじ山が付いておらず、シェ
ル１７の内面と外面に向かいそれぞれ外向きに２つのテ
ーパー３４が設けてある。各開口２４の最小直径２６に
よって、ねじが開口２４から抜けないようにしてある。
シェル１７も、器具取り付けのための覗き用のねじ山を
付けた頂点開口２８を有する。
【００２１】実験 人工股関節コンポーネントの摩耗量は、寛骨臼コンポー
ネントと大腿骨コンポーネントを、通常の歩行サイクル
を繰り返す関節の代用とすることにより評価した。カリ
フォルニア州のLa CanadaにあるMaterials Technology
社で製造されたモデルＥＷ−１２股関節部シミュレータ
ーを使用して試験を行なった。
【００２２】この評価で使用した大腿骨の骨頭は２８ｍ
ｍの直径があった。実験時、大腿骨の骨頭と寛骨臼カッ
プ間の通常の隙間（カップ直径マイナス骨頭直径）は
０．０５０ｍｍであった。実際の隙間は０．０４５ｍｍ
から０．０５４ｍｍまでの範囲にあった。実験時にそれ
らのコンポーネントを、歩行サイクル時に生じる荷重曲
線に等しい荷重曲線にかけた。ピーク荷重は約２０００
Ｎであった。
【００２３】実験時に人工股関節部を牛の血清に完全に
浸けた。実験を２百万サイクルまでの間で行なった。摩
耗量を実験時に２つのコンポーネントの総重量損失（ロ
ス）を測ることによって評価した。
【００２４】全てのサンプルにおいて、人工股関節はAS
TM F1537に一致するコバルトクロム合金で構成した関節
連結面を有するものであった。しかしながら、そのサン
プルは使用する合金の炭素含有量が異なっていた。低炭
素（約０．０６重量％炭素）大腿骨コンポーネントを低
炭素又は高炭素（約０．２２重量％）の寛骨臼カップに
合わせ、同様に高炭素大腿骨コンポーネントを低炭素又
は高炭素の寛骨臼カップに合わせた。驚くべきことに、
最大の平均摩耗量（重量損失）は、大腿骨の骨頭と寛骨
臼カップを共に低炭素量合金から作った人工股関節の場
合、あるいは共に高炭素量合金から作った人工股関節の
場合で観測された。最少の平均摩耗量（重量損失）は、
低炭素量合金を大腿骨の骨頭に使用し、高低炭素含有量
合金を寛骨臼カップに使用する人工股関節の場合（ある
いはその逆の場合）に観測された。
【００２５】本発明の好ましい実施態様は以下の通りで
ある。 （１）前記第１コンポーネント又は前記第２コンポーネ
ントの前記関節連結面は、０重量％乃至０．０７重量％
の炭素を含有するコバルトクロム合金から作られ、前記
もう一方の関節連結面は、０．２重量％乃至０．３５重
量％の炭素を含有するコバルトクロム合金から作られる
請求項１に記載の人工関節。 （２）前記第１コンポーネント及び前記第２コンポーネ
ントは、５８重量％乃至６９重量％のコバルトと、２６
重量％乃至３０重量％のクロムと、５重量％乃至７重量
％のモリブデンとを含有し、他の元素は（合計で）５重
量％以下しか含まない合金から作られる請求項１又は実
施態様（１）に記載の人工関節。 （３）前記合金は、ニッケルを１重量％以下、鉄を０．
７５重量％以下、ケイ素を１重量％以下、マンガンを１
重量％以下、窒素を０．２５重量％以下しか含有しない
実施態様（２）に記載の人工関節。 （４）前記合金は錬合金である実施態様（３）に記載の
人工関節。
【００２６】（５）前記錬合金はASTM F1537に一致する
実施態様（４）に記載の人工関節。 （６）請求項１および実施態様（１）から（５）までの
いずれかに記載の人工股関節。 （７）前記第１コンポーネントは人工股骨頭であり、前
記第２コンポーネントは人工寛骨臼カップである実施態
様（６）に記載の人工股関節。 （８）前記低炭素量金属合金の炭素含有量は、０．０３
重量％乃至０．１０重量％炭素の範囲にある請求項２に
記載の人工股関節。 （９）前記高炭素量金属合金の炭素含有量は、約０．１
８重量％乃至０．３５重量％炭素の範囲にある請求項２
に記載の人工股関節。
【００２７】
【発明の効果】以上述べたように、予想に反して、金属
接触の人工関節の一方の関節連結面を低炭素量の金属合
金から作り、もう一方の関節連結面を高炭素量の金属合
金から作ることにより、関節連結面の磨耗量（重量損
失）を最も少なく抑えることができる。従って、良好な
耐磨耗性・耐久性を有し、磨耗による屑が人体に放出さ
れる危険を最少限に抑えることを可能にする人工関節を
提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る人工股関節の寛骨臼コンポーネン
トと大腿骨骨頭の断面図である。
【図２】図１の寛骨臼コンポーネントの外殻の斜視図で
ある。
【図３】図１の寛骨臼コンポーネントのインサートの斜
視図である。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (71)出願人 597162835 Ａｉｒｅｂａｎｋ Ｍｉｌｌ，Ｇａｒｇｒ ａｖｅ，Ｎｏｒｔｈ Ｙｏｒｋｓｈｉｒ ｅ，ＢＤ23 ３ＲＸ，Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｋｉ ｎｇｄｏｍ (72)発明者 リチャード・ファーラー イギリス国、エスオー41・８エイエヌ、ハ ンプシャー、リミントン、ロウワー・ペニ ントン・レーン、サニイバンク・ハウス （番地なし) (72)発明者 メアリー・エリザベス・シュミット アメリカ合衆国、06259 コネチカット州、 ポムフレット・センター、アムバーグ・ド ライブ ７

Claims (2)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】 第１コンポーネントと第２コンポーネン
    トを含み、前記第１コンポーネントと前記第２コンポー
    ネントの関節連結面が共にコバルトクロム合金から作ら
    れている人工関節において、前記第１コンポーネント又
    は前記第２コンポーネントの関節連結面は０．１重量％
    未満の炭素を含有するコバルトクロム合金から作られ、
    もう一方の関節連結面は少なくとも０．１８重量％の炭
    素を含有するコバルトクロム合金から作られることを特
    徴とする人工関節。
  2. 【請求項２】 関節連結面を有する寛骨臼カップと、関
    節連結面を大腿骨骨頭を有する人工股関節であって、 前記寛骨臼カップと前記大腿骨骨頭の一方の前記関節連
    結面が低炭素量の金属合金から作られ、前記寛骨臼カッ
    プと前記大腿骨骨頭のもう一方の前記関節連結面が高炭
    素量の金属合金から作られる人工股関節。
JP32392597A 1996-11-12 1997-11-11 人工関節 Expired - Fee Related JP4271269B2 (ja)

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GB9623540.3 1996-11-12
GBGB9623540.3A GB9623540D0 (en) 1996-11-12 1996-11-12 Hip joint prosthesis

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JPH10248917A true JPH10248917A (ja) 1998-09-22
JP4271269B2 JP4271269B2 (ja) 2009-06-03

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CA (1) CA2220665A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE69715348T2 (ja)
GB (1) GB9623540D0 (ja)

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EP0841041B1 (en) 2002-09-11
CA2220665A1 (en) 1998-05-12
EP0841041A3 (en) 1999-03-17
AU719012B2 (en) 2000-05-04
DE69715348T2 (de) 2003-07-31
US5904720A (en) 1999-05-18
JP4271269B2 (ja) 2009-06-03
DE69715348D1 (de) 2002-10-17
GB9623540D0 (en) 1997-01-08
AU4513397A (en) 1998-05-14
EP0841041A2 (en) 1998-05-13

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