JPH10231833A - Thrust bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To speedily form a lubricating oil film by a wedge effect from the start of starting a rotating machinery by providing a progressively deforming means to progressively deforming a stator plate in an upper direction of the circumferential direction at the time of starting the rotating machinery. SOLUTION: External force devices 31 on both side surface parts of a stator plate 4 and an external force device 32 on a lower part of the stator plate 4 are provided as protrusively deforming means to protrusivelt deform the stator plate 4 in an upper direction of the circumferential direction. At the time of starting a rotating machinery, the external force devices apply external force in the lower direction as shown in an arrow, and the external force device 32 applies external force in the upper direction. That is, the stator plate 4 is protrusively deformed in the upper direction by supporting a central part and applying downward force on both of the side surfaces. The direction of protrusive deformation of the stator plate 4 is the rotting direction of the rotating machinery as the arrow, that is, the circumferential direction. It is possible to form a stable lubricating oil film from the start of starting and to provided stable bearing performance by a wedge shape made on a rotating plate 3 and an upper surface of the stator plate 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a thrust bearing for supporting an axial load of a rotating machine, and more particularly to a thrust bearing used for a vertical rotating machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as power demand has increased, hydroelectric power generation equipment has continued to increase in speed and capacity, and hydraulic machines and generators, such as pump turbines and water turbines, used here have high speed, high pressure and high load. It has been exposed to severe driving underneath.
In addition, in response to demand for power demand, the system is operated under quick start and stop and various load conditions, and high reliability is required for stable power supply.

Generally, a thrust bearing used in a vertical rotating electric machine, for example, a vertical rotating turbine generator or a pumping generator motor, supports not only the weight of the rotating body of the generator and the turbine but also the water thrust of the turbine or the pump turbine. . In recent years, with the high peripheral speed and large capacity of generators, water thrusts that have reached three times the weight of the rotating body have appeared, and the total of the water thrust and the weight of the rotating body has exceeded 4000 tons, Bearings whose peripheral speed exceeds 60 m / sec are being used. In such a large machine, the loss of the thrust bearing reaches 300 kW, which is uneconomical.

FIG. 7 shows a conventional thrust bearing. A thrust collar 2 is attached to a rotating shaft 1 of the rotating machine, and a rotating plate 3 is provided on a lower surface of the thrust collar 2. A plurality of stationary plates 4 are radially arranged around the rotation axis 1 and slidably support the rotation plate 3. These stationary plates 4 are supported by a support plate 6 via elastic members 5 such as a plurality of springs.

The stationary plate 4 is generally formed by joining an alloy such as iron with a white metal mainly composed of tin or the like. A guide bearing 7 is attached to a side surface of the thrust collar 2, and an oil tank 8 is provided outside the guide bearing 7, and a lubricating oil 9 is sealed in the oil tank 8. Further, the stationary plate 4 is formed with an oil passage 10 communicating from a side surface thereof to an oil supply hole provided at a central portion. The oil passage 10 includes an oil lifter 11 provided outside the oil tank 8, a check valve 12 and a flow control valve. The structure is such that oil can be supplied by an oil supply pipe 14 having 13. In FIG. 7, reference numeral 15 denotes a bearing stand, and 16 denotes a bearing bracket.

In such a thrust bearing, in a rotating machine, in particular, in a reversible rotating machine, a temperature gradient of a slip surface and a counter slip surface of a stationary plate 4 of the thrust bearing due to a rise in temperature of the slip surface due to rotation, and a difference in slip surface material. Due to the difference in thermal expansion with the base metal, the stationary plate 4 becomes convexly deformed, and a wedge effect between the lower surface of the rotating plate 3 and the stationary plate 4 and the rotation of the rotating plate 3 forms a lubricating oil film, which is stable. Thrust bearing performance can be obtained.

Until the wedge effect is formed, when the rotating machine is started, lubricating oil is forcibly supplied from the oil lifter 11 to the stationary plate 4 of the thrust bearing via the oil supply pipe 14 by the electric pump, and the lubricating oil is supplied to the sliding surface. A lubricating oil film is formed.

[0008]

However, the oil supply by the oil lifter 11 causes the stationary plate 4 to be concavely deformed due to the oil pressure distribution on the slip surface, so that the wedge effect cannot be obtained until the stationary plate 4 is convexly deformed by rotation. A condition will arise. In addition, when a synthetic resin-based slip surface material that is being developed in recent years is adopted, since the temperature rise is small and the temperature conductivity is extremely small, the convex deformation of the stationary plate 4 cannot be obtained. It is necessary to make convex deformation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a thrust bearing device in which a stationary plate is convexly deformed when a rotating machine is started, and a lubricating oil film is formed quickly by a wedge effect from the beginning of the rotating machine.

[0010]

The thrust bearing according to the first aspect of the present invention is provided with a convex deformation generating means for convexly deforming the stationary plate in a circumferentially upward direction when the rotating machine is started.

In the thrust bearing according to the first aspect of the present invention, the convex deformation generating means forcibly generates the wedge effect by deforming the stationary plate upward in the circumferential direction when the rotating machine is started.

The thrust bearing according to the invention of claim 2 is:
According to the first aspect of the present invention, as the convex deformation generating means, an external force device is provided at a lower portion and a side surface portion of the stationary plate and applies an external force for deforming the stationary plate upward in the circumferential direction. .

In the thrust bearing according to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the function of the first aspect of the invention, the external force device as the convex deformation generating means applies an external force to the stationary plate from the lower portion and the side portion of the stationary plate to stop the stationary plate. The plate is deformed upward in the circumferential direction to forcibly generate a wedge effect.

The thrust bearing according to the invention of claim 3 is:
According to the first aspect of the present invention, as the convex deformation generating means, a thermal expansion / contraction member attached to a lower portion of the stationary plate and deforming the stationary plate upward in the circumferential direction when the temperature becomes lower than a predetermined temperature is used.

In the thrust bearing according to the third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the function of the first aspect, the thermally expandable member attached to the lower portion of the stationary plate, which is the convex deformation generating means, is stationary at the time of starting at a certain temperature or lower. The plate is deformed upward in the circumferential direction to generate a wedge effect.

The thrust bearing according to the invention of claim 4 is:
According to the first aspect of the present invention, as the convex deformation generating means, a shape memory alloy member which is mounted inside the stationary plate and deforms the stationary plate upward in the circumferential direction when the temperature falls below a certain temperature is used.

In the thrust bearing according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the operation of the first aspect, the shape memory alloy member mounted inside the stationary plate, which is the convex deformation generating means, comprises:
At the time of starting at a certain temperature or less, the wedge effect is generated by deforming the stationary plate convexly upward in the circumferential direction.

The thrust bearing according to the invention of claim 5 is
In the invention of claim 1, the convex deformation generating means includes: an oil hole provided in an upper portion of the stationary plate; and a high oil pressure applied to the oil hole to extend the upper portion of the stationary plate in a circumferential direction, thereby causing the stationary plate to be circular. And a hydraulic device that deforms convexly upward in the circumferential direction.

In the thrust bearing according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the function of the first aspect of the present invention, a high hydraulic pressure is supplied from a hydraulic device to an oil hole provided in an upper portion of the stationary plate, and the upper circumferential portion of the stationary plate is rotated. In this case, the stationary plate is deformed upwardly in the circumferential direction to generate a wedge effect.

The thrust bearing according to the invention of claim 6 is:
In the invention of claim 1, the convex deformation generating means includes a hollow hole provided in an upper portion in the stationary plate, and an upper portion of the stationary plate provided in the hollow hole, and the stationary plate is deformed upward in a circumferential direction. And a heater for heating.

In the thrust bearing according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the operation of the first aspect, the upper portion of the stationary plate is heated by using a heater installed in a hollow hole formed in the upper portion of the stationary plate, thereby stopping the stationary plate. The plate is deformed upward in the circumferential direction to generate a wedge effect.

The thrust bearing according to the invention of claim 7 is:
The convex deformation generating means is provided with an oil passage hole provided in a lower portion in the stationary plate, and allows the cooling oil to pass through the oil passage hole to shrink the lower portion of the stationary plate in the circumferential direction, thereby moving the stationary plate in the circumferential direction. And a cold oil supply device that deforms convexly upward.

In the thrust bearing according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the lower portion of the stationary plate is cooled by supplying cold oil from a cold oil supply device to oil passage holes formed in the lower portion of the stationary plate. The wedge effect is generated by upwardly deforming in the circumferential direction.

[0024]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows the portion of the stationary plate 4 of the thrust bearing. In other words, the basic configuration of the thrust bearing of the present invention is the same as that of the conventional thrust bearing shown in FIG. A portion of a certain stationary plate 4 is illustrated and described.

In FIG. 1 (a), in the first embodiment, external force devices 3 are provided on both side surfaces of the stationary plate 4 as convex deformation generating means for convexly deforming the stationary plate 4 in the upward direction in the circumferential direction.
1 is provided, and an external force device 32 is provided below the stationary plate 4. When the rotating machine is started, the external force device 31
An external force is applied in the arrow direction (downward) shown in FIG.
The external force device 32 applies an external force in an upward direction. That is, by applying hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic device 30 through the hydraulic pipe 29 by the external force devices 31 and 32 having hydraulic cylinders, the central portion of the stationary plate 4 is supported and a downward force is applied to both side surfaces of the stationary plate 4. Multiply. As a result, the stationary plate 4 is deformed convexly upward when the rotating machine is started.

In a steady state (during operation), the external force device 3
1 and 32, the external force is removed, and the stationary plate 4 is supported by the support plate 6 by the elastic member (spring) 5, as shown in FIG.

As described above, only at the time of starting, the external force devices 31, 3
2 supports the central portion of the stationary plate 4 and applies a downward force to both side surfaces of the stationary plate 4 to give the stationary plate 4 a convex deformation. In this case, the direction of the convex deformation of the stationary plate 4 is as shown in FIG.
The rotation direction (circumferential direction) of the rotating machine is indicated by the arrow (c). Then, the rotating machine is started in a state where the stationary plate 4 is deformed in a convex manner as described above. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), a stable lubricating oil film is formed from the beginning of the start due to the wedge shape formed on the lower surface of the rotating plate 3 and the upper surface of the stationary plate 4, and stable bearing performance is obtained.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A shows a stationary plate 4 according to the second embodiment.
2 (b) is a side view from the direction A in FIG. 2 (a), and FIG. 2 (c) is an explanatory view of convex deformation of the stationary plate 4. In the second embodiment, as a convex deformation generating means, a thermal expansion / contraction member 27 that deforms the stationary plate 4 upward in the circumferential direction when the temperature falls below a certain temperature is attached to a lower portion of the stationary plate 4. .

In FIG. 2A, a thermally expandable member 2 made of a material having a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the material of the stationary plate 4 is provided below the stationary plate 4.
7 is attached so that the size of the mounting portion between the thermal expansion / contraction member 27 and the stationary plate 4 is the same as shown in FIG. As a result, when the temperature of the lower portion of the stationary plate 4 becomes equal to or lower than the specific temperature, the amount of contraction of the thermal expansion member 27 increases, and as shown in FIG.
Is convexly deformed upward, and a wedge effect is obtained.

It should be noted that the thermal expansion and contraction member 27 is slidable with respect to the stationary plate 4 so as not to be affected by radial expansion and contraction. In addition, the amount of convex deformation is changed by changing the type, mounting dimensions, and the like of the thermal expansion and contraction member 27.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 (a) is a plan view of the stationary plate 4 in the third embodiment, and FIG. 3 (b) is FIG. 3 (a). 3 (c) is an explanatory view of the convex shape stored in the shape memory alloy. In the third embodiment, as a convex deformation generating means, a shape memory alloy member 33 that deforms the stationary plate 4 upward in the circumferential direction when the temperature falls below a certain temperature is used.
It is attached inside.

In FIG. 3A, a shape memory alloy 33 having a convex shape at a specific temperature or lower is built in the stationary plate 4. FIG. 3B shows a state of the rotating plate 4 in a normal state, in which the shape memory alloy 33 is not in a convex shape. When the rotating machine stops and the temperature falls below a specific temperature, the shape memory alloy 33 deforms upwardly as shown in FIG. 3C, so that the stationary plate 4 also deforms upwardly.
As a result, the stationary plate 4
Gives convex deformation.

Therefore, a wedge effect can be obtained when the rotating machine is started. Note that the shape memory alloy 33 is deformed only in the circumferential direction so that deformation in the radial direction does not occur.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. 4A and 4B are explanatory views showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a side view of a stationary plate according to the fourth embodiment, and FIG. It is sectional drawing in CC line. In the fourth embodiment, the convex deformation generating means is provided with an oil hole 28 provided in the upper portion of the stationary plate 4 and a high oil pressure applied to the oil hole 28 to extend in the circumferential direction to the upper portion of the stationary plate 4. Hydraulic device 30 that gives a stationary plate 4 a convex upward deformation in the circumferential direction
It consists of and.

In FIG. 4A, an oil hole 28 is provided in the upper portion of the inside of the stationary plate 4, and a high oil pressure is applied to the oil hole 28 by a hydraulic device 30 through a hydraulic pipe 29 as shown in FIG. Add. As a result, the upper part inside the stationary plate 4 is extended in the direction of the arrow. Therefore, the stationary plate 4 is deformed convexly, and a wedge effect is obtained.

The oil hole 28 provided in the stationary plate 4 is a through hole on both the inner and outer peripheral sides of the stationary plate 4 and is piped using a high-pressure hose or the like. Does not work. That is, the deformation of the stationary plate 4 in the radial direction is eliminated, and the amount of convex deformation in the circumferential direction can be changed according to the size and quantity of the oil holes 28 and the size of the oil pressure.

Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 (a) is a plan view of the stationary plate 4 in the fifth embodiment, and FIG. 5 (b) is FIG. 5 (a). 5 (c) is a side view from the direction E in FIG. 5 (a). In the fifth embodiment, the convex deformation generating means is provided with a hollow hole 17 provided in the upper portion of the stationary plate 4 and an upper portion of the stationary plate 4 installed in the hollow hole 17 to heat the stationary plate 4 circumferentially. And a heater 18 that deforms convexly in the upward direction.

5 (a) and 5 (b), a plurality of hollow holes 1 are provided in the upper portion inside the stationary plate 4 of the thrust bearing.
The heater 18 is accommodated in the hollow hole 17. Each heater 18 is connected to a power supply 20 via a connection line 19. Although not shown, the power supply device 20 includes a switch. The switch is closed and the heaters 18 are heated before the rotating machine is started. As a result, the temperature of the upper portion of the stationary plate 4 rises and elongation occurs. That is, since the temperature differs in the height direction of the stationary plate 4, a difference occurs in the amount of elongation, and the stationary plate 4 is deformed in an upwardly convex shape. Therefore, a wedge effect can be obtained.

The elastic member 5 supporting the stationary plate 4
Are concentrated on the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side as shown in FIG. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of the radial convex deformation due to the thermal expansion of the upper portion of the stationary plate 4 due to the influence of the rotating portion weight applied through the rotating plate 3.

Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 (a) is a plan view of the stationary plate 4 in the sixth embodiment, and FIG. 6 (b) is FIG. 6 (a). 6 (c) is a side view from the direction G in FIG. 6 (a). According to the sixth embodiment, the convex deformation generating means is provided with an oil passage hole 21 provided in a lower portion of the stationary plate 4 and a cooling oil is passed through the oil passage hole 21 to form a circumferential portion on the lower portion of the stationary plate 4. And a cooling oil supply device 34 that shrinks the stationary plate in the direction to deform the stationary plate upward in the circumferential direction.

6 (a) to 6 (c), a plurality of oil passage holes 21 are provided in the lower portion inside each stationary plate 4, and a cold oil (lubricating oil) 23 is supplied to a cold oil supply device 34 before starting. Through the cold oil pipe 22 to the oil passage 21 to cool the lower part of the stationary plate 4. As a result, the lower portion of the stationary plate 4 is contracted, and the stationary plate 4 is deformed upwardly to obtain a wedge effect. In addition,
As in the fifth embodiment, the elastic members 5 supporting the stationary plate 4 are concentrated on the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side as shown in FIG. Deformation can also be reduced.

In the sixth embodiment, since the cooling oil 23 is guided to the oil hole 21 only when the rotating machine is started, the inlet-side oil flow changing plate 24 and the outlet-side oil flow changing plate 25 are provided. These are operated by the operation mechanism 26. This is to improve the cooling effect of the bearing after the start of the rotating machine. That is, lubricating oil is used as cold oil.

In the first embodiment or the fourth embodiment, the equipment can be simplified by using the oil lifter device already used conventionally as the hydraulic device 30 as well.

[0044]

As described above, according to the present invention, when the rotating machine is started, the stationary plate can be convexly deformed only in the circumferential direction, so that a wedge effect can be generated on the slip surface from the beginning of the start. Therefore, a lubricating oil film can be formed quickly, and the rotating machine can be started and operated stably. Further, when a sliding surface material made of a synthetic resin material is used as the rotating plate, the convex deformation of the stationary plate due to a difference in temperature rise during operation cannot be obtained, but according to the present invention, the convex deformation of the stationary plate can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to reliably form an oil film. Therefore, it can be appropriately applied especially to the thrust bearing of a large reversible rotating machine,
Stable operation becomes possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a state diagram when a rotating plate is deformed in a convex manner.
1B is a state diagram of the rotating plate in a normal state, and FIG. 1C is an explanatory diagram of a wedge effect due to convex deformation of the stationary plate.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A is a plan view of a stationary plate according to the second embodiment,
FIG. 2B is a side view from the direction A in FIG.
(C) is an explanatory view of the convex deformation of the stationary plate.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3A is a plan view of a stationary plate according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 3B is a side view from the direction B in FIG.
(C) is an explanatory view of the convex shape stored in the shape memory alloy.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 (a) is a side view of a stationary plate according to the fourth embodiment,
FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 4A.

5A and 5B are explanatory views of a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5A is a plan view of a stationary plate 4 according to the fifth embodiment, and FIG. 5 (c) is a side view from the direction E in FIG. 5 (a).

FIGS. 6A and 6B are explanatory views of a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6A is a plan view of a stationary plate 4 according to the sixth embodiment, and FIG. 6B is FIG. 6 (c) is a side view from the direction G in FIG. 6 (a).

FIG. 7 is a structural view of a conventional thrust bearing.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating shaft 2 Thrust collar 3 Rotating plate 4 Stationary plate 5 Elastic member 6 Support plate 7 Guide bearing 8 Oil tank 9 Lubricating oil 10 Oil passage 11 Oil lifter 12 Check valve 13 Flow control valve 14 Stationary plate 15 Bearing stand 16 Bearing bracket 17 Hollow Hole 18 Heater 19 Connection line 20 Power supply device 21 Oil passage hole 22 Cold oil pipe 23 Cold oil 24 Inlet-side oil flow change plate 25 Outlet-side oil flow change plate 26 Operating mechanism 27 Thermal expansion member 28 Oil hole 29 Hydraulic piping 30 Hydraulic device 31, 32 external force device 33 shape memory alloy 34 cold oil supply device

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A rotating plate on a lower surface of a thrust collar provided on a rotating shaft of a rotating machine is slidably supported by a stationary plate, and the stationary plate is held by a spring to support an axial load of the rotating machine. A thrust bearing, wherein the thrust bearing is provided with a convex deformation generating means for convexly deforming the stationary plate in a circumferentially upward direction when the rotating machine is started. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the convex deformation generating means is an external force device provided on a lower portion and a side surface of the stationary plate and applying an external force for deforming the stationary plate upward in a circumferential direction. The thrust bearing according to claim 1, wherein 3. The convex deformation generating means is a thermal expansion / contraction member attached to a lower portion of the stationary plate and, when the temperature becomes lower than a certain temperature, deforms the stationary plate upward in a circumferential direction. The thrust bearing according to claim 1. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the convex deformation generating means is a shape memory alloy member mounted inside the stationary plate and configured to deform the stationary plate upwardly in a circumferential direction when the temperature falls below a certain temperature. The thrust bearing according to claim 1, wherein 5. The convex deformation generating means includes: an oil hole provided in an upper portion of the stationary plate; and a high oil pressure applied to the oil hole to extend the upper portion of the stationary plate in a circumferential direction to provide the stationary plate. 2. The thrust bearing according to claim 1, further comprising a hydraulic device that deforms the plate so as to project upward in a circumferential direction. 6. The convex deformation generating means includes: a hollow hole provided in an upper portion of the stationary plate; and a heating unit disposed in the hollow hole, which heats an upper portion of the stationary plate to move the stationary plate upward in a circumferential direction. The thrust bearing according to claim 1, wherein the thrust bearing is formed by a heater when the thrust bearing is convexly deformed. 7. The convex deformation generating means includes: an oil passage hole provided in a lower portion of the stationary plate; and a cool oil is passed through the oil passage hole so as to shrink circumferentially in a lower portion of the stationary plate. 2. The thrust bearing according to claim 1, further comprising: a cold oil supply device for providing a convex deformation of the stationary plate in a circumferentially upward direction.