CN114017238A - Hydroelectric generating set, thrust pad adjusting method thereof, load monitoring method and system - Google Patents
Hydroelectric generating set, thrust pad adjusting method thereof, load monitoring method and system Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/06—Bearing arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/06—Bearing arrangements
- F03B11/063—Arrangements for balancing axial thrust
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/14—Determining imbalance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
- Control Of Water Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydroelectric generating set and a thrust pad adjusting method, a load monitoring method and a system thereof.A thrust pad axis, a corresponding bearing support axis and a corresponding micro-displacement sensor axis are all on the same straight line when in installation, so that the verticality of the installation of a micro-displacement sensor is ensured, and meanwhile, the micro-displacement sensor is fixedly installed as a part of the hydroelectric generating set, so that the stability of the installation of the micro-displacement sensor is ensured, and the influence of the verticality and the stability static balance degree is reduced or avoided; fixedly mounting each micro-displacement sensor when the measurement displacement value of the micro-displacement sensor is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, and reserving enough range allowance for displacement after a subsequent rack is loaded with load; the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors are synchronously acquired no matter in an unloaded state or a loaded state, so that the problem of poor static balance degree caused by difference of time for manually acquiring readings is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a load monitoring technology of a water-turbine generator set, and particularly relates to a water-turbine generator set, a thrust pad adjusting method thereof, and a load online monitoring method and system.
Background
In the water turbine generator set, the thrust bearing is called as the heart of the water turbine generator set, the thrust bearing not only bears the weight of a rotor of the generator set, but also bears axial water thrust when the generator set generates electricity, the installation balance degree, the working performance and the running state of the thrust bearing directly relate to whether the running of the generator set is safe and reliable, particularly, along with the continuous increase of the single machine capacity of the water turbine generator set, the requirement on the running reliability of the generator set is higher and higher, and the requirement on the safe and reliable running of the thrust bearing of the generator set is higher and higher.
Researches show that in the installation process of the thrust bearing of the conventional hydroelectric generating set, a corresponding dial indicator is usually temporarily installed under each thrust pad, and the indication value of the dial indicator is read by manual visual inspection to assist in adjusting the installation balance degree. During adjustment, each dial indicator needs to be manually reset to zero one by one under the condition that the rack is not loaded with the rotor and the like, then all loads such as the rotor and the like are loaded on the rack, after all the loads are loaded, each dial indicator value is read one by one, the reading of all the loaded loads is obtained and recorded, and after all the readings of the dial indicators are obtained, corresponding adjustment angle values alpha are obtained through manual calculation according to a formula (1) and a formula (2)n。
δp＝(δ1+δ2+L+δi+L+δn)/n (1)
αi＝(δi-δp)/s×360 (2)
Wherein, deltaiFor the dial indicator value, delta, corresponding to the ith thrust shoepIs the average value of the dial indication values corresponding to n thrust pads, n is the number of the thrust pads, s is the screw pitch of the strut bolt, mm, alphaiAnd adjusting the angle value corresponding to the ith thrust shoe.
According to the adjustment angle value alphanThe support bolts of the corresponding thrust pads are adjusted, the rack is restored to a load state such as unloaded rotor and the like again after adjustment, each dial indicator is set to zero again manually, then all loads are loaded, the operation is repeated continuously until the corresponding manual reading value accords with the design target of the water turbine generator set, the overall installation period of the water turbine generator set is prolonged, and meanwhile, the static balance degree is poor inevitably when the thrust bearing is installed due to the objective existence of the conditions such as the influence of human factors in manual reading, the influence of temporary installation stability and verticality factors of the dial indicators, the difference of time for manually obtaining the reading and the like, so that the temperature deviation of the thrust pads in the operation process of the water turbine generator set is overlarge (the abnormal abrasion is caused by poor balance degree, the temperature deviation of the thrust pads is overlarge), and the operation safety of the set is seriously influenced, and the running benefit of the unit is reduced. Although the sensor measurement is introduced to replace the techniques of a pointer instrument and a portable reading instrument to replace manual reading and the like, the detection time of the measured data still has sequential difference when the measured data is obtained manually, the calculation of the corresponding adjustment angle value can only be obtained through manual calculation, and meanwhile, because the sensor adopts the differential inductance principle, the strict requirements on the specification and the length of the used cable are caused, the portable reading instrument can only be used for on-site short-distance monitoring, and the remote arrangement and the use on the site are inconvenient. And at hydroelectric set operation in-process, though can through thrust tile temperature monitoring whether have the bad problem of equilibrium, only wear and tear to certain degree after, just can demonstrate the bad problem of equilibrium through the tile temperature, belong to the monitoring afterwards, the bad problem of unable real-time supervision equilibrium also can't be to the dynamic of loading on hydroelectric set thrust bearingThe state change is effectively monitored in real time.
Therefore, how to effectively shorten the installation period of the water turbine generator set, improve the installation precision and realize the real-time monitoring of the load dynamic of the thrust bearing in the running process of the water turbine generator set is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydroelectric generating set, a thrust pad adjusting method thereof, and a load online monitoring method and system, and aims to solve the problems that the existing hydroelectric generating set has long installation period and low installation precision due to long thrust pad adjusting time, cannot monitor the poor balance degree in real time in the operation process, and cannot monitor the dynamic change of the load on a thrust bearing of the unit in real time.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme: a method for adjusting a thrust pad of a hydroelectric generating set comprises the following steps:
step 11: arranging a micro-displacement sensor on a bearing support mounting part corresponding to each thrust pad, wherein the axis of each thrust pad, the axis of the bearing support corresponding to the thrust pad and the axis of the micro-displacement sensor corresponding to the bearing support are on the same straight line, acquiring the measured displacement value of the micro-displacement sensor in the mounting process of each micro-displacement sensor, and fixedly mounting the micro-displacement sensor when the measured displacement value is 0.5-1.2 mm;
step 12: when the rack is not loaded with a load, synchronously acquiring the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors to obtain the initial load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the rack is not loaded with the load;
step 13: when the rack loads all loads, the measured displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors are synchronously acquired, and the real-time static load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the load is loaded is obtained;
step 14: calculating the static load displacement of each thrust shoe according to the initial load displacement and the real-time static load displacement, and calculating a static load displacement average value;
step 15: calculating the static displacement difference value of each thrust shoe according to the static load displacement and the static load displacement mean value of each thrust shoe, and judging whether the static displacement difference value is smaller than a design required value, if so, finishing the adjustment, otherwise, turning to the step 16;
step 16: calculating an adjustment angle value of each thrust shoe according to the static displacement difference value and the thread pitch of the strut bolt;
and step 17: and adjusting the corresponding thrust pads according to the adjustment angle value, and repeating the steps 12-17 until the static displacement difference value of each thrust pad is smaller than the design requirement value.
In the invention, when the thrust bearing is installed, the axis of each thrust bearing bush, the axis of the corresponding bearing bracket and the axis of the corresponding micro-displacement sensor are all on the same straight line, so that the verticality of the installation of the micro-displacement sensor is ensured, and meanwhile, the micro-displacement sensor is fixedly installed as a part of the water turbine generator set and is not temporarily installed, so that the stability of the installation of the micro-displacement sensor is ensured, and the influence of the verticality and the stability on the static balance degree of the thrust bearing during the installation is reduced or avoided; fixedly mounting each micro-displacement sensor when the measurement displacement value of the micro-displacement sensor is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, and reserving enough range allowance for displacement after a subsequent rack is loaded with load; the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors are synchronously acquired no matter in an unloaded state or a loaded state, so that the problem of poor static balance degree during the installation of the thrust bearing caused by difference of time for manually acquiring readings is avoided; the micro-displacement sensor only needs to be installed once and fixed, zero setting does not need to be installed again after the thrust pad is adjusted every time, all measured displacement values are automatically obtained without manual reading obtaining, the overall installation efficiency of the water-turbine generator set is greatly improved, the influence of manual reading human factors on the measured values is avoided, and the installation precision is greatly improved.
Further, in step 12 or 13, sending a synchronous time base signal to all the micro displacement sensors to trigger all the micro displacement sensors to start synchronously and perform single detection, so as to obtain the measured displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors synchronously.
Further, in step 14, the static load displacement calculation formula of each thrust shoe is as follows:
wherein,
for the real-time static load displacement of the ith thrust shoe during loading,
for the initial load displacement of the ith thrust shoe when unloaded,
is the static load displacement of the ith thrust shoe;
mean value of static load displacement
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein n is the number of thrust shoes.
Further, in step 16, the adjustment angle value of each thrust shoe is calculated by the following formula:
wherein alpha isiThe angle value is adjusted corresponding to the ith thrust shoe, s is the screw pitch of the strut bolt,
is the average value of the displacement of the static load,
is the static load displacement of the ith thrust shoe.
The invention also provides a dynamic load monitoring method for the thrust bearing of the hydroelectric generating set, which is based on the thrust pad adjusting method and comprises the following steps:
step 21: when the unit operates, the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to a certain position is synchronously acquired through all micro-displacement sensors;
step 22: calculating the dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe according to the initial load displacement and the real-time dynamic load displacement;
step 23: calculating the dynamic load stress value of each thrust pad according to the dynamic load displacement of each thrust pad;
step 24: judging whether poor balance exists according to the dynamic load displacement and/or the dynamic load stress value; when the balance degree is poor, an alarm is given; otherwise, turning to step 25;
step 25: and triggering all micro-displacement sensors to synchronously acquire and obtain the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to the same position according to the rotating speed of the unit, and repeating the steps 22-24, wherein the same position refers to the position of the step 21.
Further, in step 22, the dynamic load displacement calculation formula of each thrust shoe is as follows:
wherein,
for the real-time dynamic load displacement of the ith thrust shoe,
for the initial load displacement of the ith thrust shoe when unloaded,
is the dynamic load displacement of the ith thrust shoe.
Further, in step 23, the calculation formula of the dynamic load bearing value of each thrust shoe is as follows:
wherein, Fi DIs the dynamic load stress value of the ith thrust shoe, F is the total tonnage of the unit rotor, n is the number of the thrust shoes,
is the dynamic load displacement of the ith thrust shoe.
The invention also provides a thrust pad adjusting system of the hydroelectric generating set, which comprises:
the micro-displacement sensor is arranged on the bearing support mounting part corresponding to each thrust shoe, the thrust shoes correspond to the micro-displacement sensors one by one, the axis of each thrust shoe, the axis of the bearing support corresponding to the thrust shoe and the axis of the micro-displacement sensor corresponding to the bearing support are all on the same straight line, the measured displacement value of the micro-displacement sensor is obtained in the mounting process of each micro-displacement sensor, and when the measured displacement value is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, the micro-displacement sensor is fixedly mounted;
the first acquisition unit is used for synchronously acquiring the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors when the rack is not loaded with a load, and obtaining the initial load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the rack is not loaded with the load;
the second acquisition unit is used for synchronously acquiring the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors when the rack loads all the loads to obtain the real-time static load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the load is loaded;
the calculation unit is used for calculating the static load displacement of each thrust shoe according to the initial load displacement and the real-time static load displacement and calculating the mean value of the static load displacement; calculating a static displacement difference value of each thrust shoe according to the static load displacement and the static load displacement average value of each thrust shoe, and calculating an adjustment angle value of each thrust shoe according to the static displacement difference value and the screw pitch of the strut bolt when the static displacement difference value is larger than a design required value;
and the judging unit is used for judging whether the static displacement difference value is larger than a design requirement value or not.
The system further comprises a third acquisition unit, wherein the third acquisition unit is used for synchronously acquiring the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to a certain position through all the micro-displacement sensors when the unit operates, and is used for triggering all the micro-displacement sensors to synchronously acquire and acquire the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to the same position according to the rotating speed of the unit, wherein the same position is a position corresponding to the position when the real-time dynamic load displacement is acquired for the first time;
the calculation unit is also used for calculating the dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe according to the initial load displacement and the real-time dynamic load displacement; the dynamic load stress value of each thrust pad is calculated according to the dynamic load displacement of each thrust pad;
the judging unit is also used for judging whether the balance is poor or not according to the dynamic load displacement and/or the dynamic load stress value;
and the alarm unit is used for giving an alarm when the balance is poor.
The invention also provides a hydroelectric generating set, which comprises the thrust pad adjusting system.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the hydroelectric generating set and the thrust pad adjusting method thereof provided by the invention, when the hydroelectric generating set is installed, the axis of each thrust pad, the axis of the corresponding bearing bracket and the axis of the corresponding micro-displacement sensor are all on the same straight line, so that the verticality of the installation of the micro-displacement sensor is ensured, meanwhile, the micro-displacement sensor is fixedly installed as a part of the hydroelectric generating set and is not temporarily installed, and the stability of the installation of the micro-displacement sensor is ensured, so that the influence of the verticality and the stability on the static balance degree of the installation of the thrust bearing is reduced or avoided; fixedly mounting each micro-displacement sensor when the measurement displacement value of the micro-displacement sensor is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, and reserving enough range allowance for displacement after a subsequent rack is loaded with load; the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors are synchronously acquired no matter in an unloaded state or a loaded state, so that the problem of poor static balance degree during the installation of the thrust bearing caused by difference of time for manually acquiring readings is avoided; the micro-displacement sensor only needs to be installed once and fixed, zero setting does not need to be installed again after the thrust pad is adjusted every time, all measured displacement values are automatically obtained without manual reading obtaining, the overall installation efficiency of the water-turbine generator set is greatly improved, the influence of manual reading human factors on the measured values is avoided, and the installation precision is greatly improved.
According to the dynamic load monitoring method for the thrust bearing of the water-turbine generator set, the dynamic load of the thrust bearing is monitored on line by monitoring the dynamic load displacement (the change of the dynamic load is fed back by the change of the dynamic load displacement), whether the problem of poor balance degree exists or not is judged according to the dynamic load displacement and/or the dynamic load stress value, the problem of poor balance degree can be monitored and judged on line, and the dynamic balance in the running process of the water-turbine generator set is effectively monitored in real time. The whole calculation process is completed synchronously with detection without manual participation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only one embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for adjusting a thrust pad of a hydroelectric generating set according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting of a micro-displacement sensor in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring dynamic load of a thrust bearing of a hydroelectric generating set in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of different measurement modes of the system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, the device comprises a thrust pad 1, a bearing support 2 and a micro-displacement sensor 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with specific examples. The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for adjusting a thrust pad of a hydro-generator set provided by this embodiment includes the following steps:
step 11: and (5) mounting the micro displacement sensor.
The mounting part of the bearing support 2 corresponding to each thrust shoe 1 is provided with a micro-displacement sensor 3, the axis of each thrust shoe 1, the axis of the bearing support 2 corresponding to the thrust shoe 1 and the axis of the micro-displacement sensor 3 corresponding to the bearing support 2 are all on the same straight line, the measured displacement value of the micro-displacement sensor 3 is obtained in the mounting process of each micro-displacement sensor 3, and when the measured displacement value is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm (preferably 0.7-0.9 mm), the micro-displacement sensor 3 is fixedly mounted, as shown in fig. 2.
The thrust pads 1 correspond to the micro-displacement sensors 3 one by one, in the embodiment, the GT/GTL-22 type micro-displacement sensors 3 are firstly installed into the bearing support 2 installation parts corresponding to the thrust pads 1 one by one, so that the axis of each thrust pad 1, the axis of the bearing support 2 corresponding to the thrust pad 1 and the axis of the micro-displacement sensor 3 corresponding to the bearing support 2 are all on the same straight line, the verticality of the installation of the micro-displacement sensors 3 is ensured, and the influence of the verticality factor on the static balance degree during the installation of the thrust bearing is reduced or avoided; and then manually pushing the GT/GTL-22 type micro-displacement sensor 3 to the bearing bracket 2, so that the micro-displacement sensor 3 has a measurement displacement value, when the measurement displacement value is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, the micro-displacement sensor 3 is fixedly installed by adopting bolts or screws, the stability of the micro-displacement sensor is ensured, the influence of stability factors on the static balance degree during the installation of the thrust bearing is reduced or avoided, and meanwhile, the micro-displacement sensor is fixedly installed when the measurement displacement value is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, and a sufficient range allowance is reserved when the displacement occurs after the load is loaded on a subsequent rack. The micro-displacement sensor is used as a part of the water turbine generator set, the installation position of the micro-displacement sensor is not changed in the subsequent non-loading, loading or running process, and only once installation and fixation are needed.
In this embodiment, the range of the micro displacement sensor is set to be 0-4 mm, and the micro displacement sensor is fixedly mounted when the measurement displacement value of the micro displacement sensor is 0.7-0.9 mm. The output end of each micro displacement sensor is connected with an HTMEL brand SC-III type sensing transmitter, all the sensing transmitters are connected with an HTMEL brand FL-III type monitoring device, and when the micro displacement sensors are installed, the measured displacement values of the micro displacement sensors are obtained through the FL-III type monitoring devices. The sensing transmitter is used for acquiring a measured displacement electric signal of the micro-displacement sensor and sending the measured displacement electric signal to the FL-III type monitoring device, the FL-III type monitoring device is used for converting the measured displacement electric signal and displaying a specific measured displacement value, the sensing transmitter can be known to actually play a data acquisition role, the monitoring device actually plays a role in electric signal processing and displaying, therefore, other data acquisition modules can be selected for the sensing transmitter, and other modules (control processing modules) with processing and displaying functions can be selected for the monitoring device, such as a single chip microcomputer, a controller, a microprocessor and the like.
The sensing transmitter is connected on the short distance of the output cable of the micro displacement sensor and converts the differential electric signal output by the micro displacement sensor into a digital signal, so that the long-distance extension of the cable is realized, and the maximum extension distance can reach 300 meters. The micro-displacement sensor can meet the requirements of measurement precision, outline dimension and installation mode required by field use.
Step 12: when the rack is not loaded with a load, the measured displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors are synchronously acquired, and the initial load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the rack is not loaded with the load is obtained
The micro-displacement sensor collects displacement electric signals when triggered and does not collect displacement electric signals when not triggered. In order to synchronously acquire the measured displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors, when the rack is not loaded with a load, a synchronous time base signal f is sent to all the micro displacement sensors by using an HTMEL brand FLM-IIIP type front-end device0All micro-displacement sensors receive the synchronous time base signal f0The time is triggered, the corresponding displacement electric signals are started and collected, the monitoring device or other control processing modules synchronously acquire the measurement displacement electric signals of all micro displacement sensors and convert the measurement displacement electric signals into corresponding measurement displacement values, and the initial load displacement of each thrust tile at the same time when the load is not loaded is obtained
Step 13: and when the rack loads all loads, the measured displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors are synchronously acquired, and the real-time static load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the load is loaded is obtained.
In order to synchronously acquire the measured displacement values of all the micro-displacement sensors, when the rack is loaded with all the loads, a synchronous time-base signal f is sent to all the micro-displacement sensors by using an HTMEL brand FLM-IIIP type front-end device1All micro-displacement sensors receive the synchronous time base signal f1Triggered, started and collected corresponding displacement electric signals, FLM-III type monitoring device or other control processing module synchronously obtains the measured displacement electric signals of all micro displacement sensors and converts the signals into corresponding measured displacement values, namely the real-time static load displacement of each thrust tile at the same time when loading is carried out
The displacement measurement values of all micro displacement sensors are synchronously acquired no matter in an unloaded state or a loaded state, the position of a monitored object is ensured to be fixed during monitoring, the effectiveness of monitoring is further ensured, the difference of true degree caused by the position change of the monitored object due to the difference of detection time is avoided, the problem of poor static balance degree during the installation of the thrust bearing due to the difference of time for manually acquiring the reading is avoided, meanwhile, the displacement measurement values are displayed through an FLM-III type monitoring device or other control processing modules, the error caused by artificial reading is avoided, and the displacement detection precision is improved.
Step 14: according to initial load displacement
And real-time static load displacement
Calculating the static load displacement of each thrust shoe, and calculating the average value of the static load displacement, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,
for the real-time static load displacement of the ith thrust shoe during loading,
for the initial load displacement of the ith thrust shoe when unloaded,
is the static load displacement of the ith thrust shoe.
Mean value of static load displacement
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein n is the number of thrust shoes.
Step 15: displacement according to static load of each thrust shoe
And static load displacement mean
And (5) calculating the static displacement difference value of each thrust shoe, judging whether the static displacement difference value is smaller than a design required value, if so, finishing the adjustment, and otherwise, turning to the step 16.
And the static displacement difference value of each thrust shoe is smaller than the design requirement value, which indicates that the design requirement proposed by a customer is met, the thrust shoe does not need to be adjusted, otherwise, an adjustment angle value needs to be calculated, and the thrust shoe is adjusted according to the adjustment angle value.
Step 16: calculating the adjusting angle value of each thrust shoe according to the static displacement difference value and the thread pitch of the strut bolt, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein alpha isiIs the adjustment angle value corresponding to the ith thrust shoe, s is the screw pitch of the strut bolt (the screw pitch of the strut bolt corresponding to each thrust shoe is equal and has the unit of mm),
is the average value of the displacement of the static load,
for static load displacement of the ith thrust shoe, each thrust shoeIs equal to
And step 17: according to the adjustment angle value alphaiAnd adjusting the corresponding thrust pads, and repeating the steps 12-16 until the static displacement difference value of each thrust pad is smaller than the design requirement value.
When the adjusting angle value alpha corresponding to each thrust pad is obtainediAnd manually adjusting the corresponding thrust pads, and repeating the steps 12 to 17 to obtain the adjustment angle value alpha corresponding to each thrust padiAnd manually adjusting the corresponding thrust pads, and repeatedly detecting and adjusting until the static displacement difference value of each thrust pad meets the design requirement proposed by a customer, namely is smaller than the value required by the design.
Step 18: when the static displacement difference value of each thrust pad is smaller than the design requirement value, the static load stress value of each thrust pad is calculated and stored, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, Fi JThe static load stress value of the ith thrust shoe is the total tonnage of the rotor of the F unit.
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment further provides a dynamic load monitoring method for a thrust bearing of a hydro-generator set, based on the thrust shoe adjusting method, including the following steps:
step 21: when the unit operates, the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to a certain position is synchronously acquired through all the micro-displacement sensors.
When the unit is in operation, an HTMEL brand FLM-IIIP type prepositioner is used for sending synchronous time base signals f to all micro-displacement sensors2All micro-displacement sensors receive the synchronous time base signal f2Triggered to start and collect corresponding displacement electric signal, and the monitoring device or other control processing module obtains the measured displacement electricity of all micro displacement sensors synchronouslyThe signals are converted into corresponding measured displacement values, namely the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to a certain position is obtained
Obtaining real-time dynamic load displacement at first time
The dynamic load displacement monitoring method is characterized in that the dynamic load displacement monitoring method comprises the following steps of firstly, acquiring the dynamic load displacement, and acquiring the dynamic load displacement.
Step 22: calculating the dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe according to the initial load displacement and the real-time dynamic load displacement
The specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,
for the real-time dynamic load displacement of the ith thrust shoe,
for the initial load displacement of the ith thrust shoe when unloaded,
is the dynamic load displacement of the ith thrust shoe.
Step 23: calculating the dynamic load stress value F of each thrust pad according to the dynamic load displacement of each thrust padi DThe specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, Fi DIs the dynamic load stress value of the ith thrust shoe, F is the total tonnage of the unit rotor, n is the number of the thrust shoes,
is the dynamic load displacement of the ith thrust shoe.
Step 24: according to dynamic load displacement
And/or dynamic load stress values Fi DJudging whether poor balance exists or not; when the balance degree is poor, an alarm is given; otherwise, go to step 25.
Setting an early warning value corresponding to the dynamic load displacement and an early warning value corresponding to the dynamic load stress value according to experience when the dynamic load is displaced
When the dynamic load stress value exceeds the corresponding early warning value, the problem of poor balance degree is shown, or when the dynamic load stress value F isi DWhen the early warning value is exceeded, the problem of poor balance degree is indicated, or when the dynamic load is displaced
Exceeding the corresponding early warning value and dynamic load stress value Fi DWhen the early warning value is exceeded, the problem of poor balance degree is shown.
Step 25: and (4) triggering all micro-displacement sensors to synchronously acquire and obtain the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to the same position according to the rotating speed of the unit, and repeating the steps 22-24, wherein the same position refers to the position of the step 21.
The dynamic load displacement monitoring method based on the dynamic load displacement of the thrust bearing comprises the steps that the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust bearing shoe can be obtained when a rotor rotates to the same position every time according to the rotating speed of a unit (namely the real-time dynamic load displacement is obtained once when the rotor rotates for one circle), the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust bearing shoe can also be obtained when the rotor rotates to the same position after rotating for multiple circles (namely the real-time dynamic load displacement is obtained once when the rotor rotates for multiple circles), the dynamic load of the thrust bearing is monitored on line through monitoring the dynamic load displacement (the change of the dynamic load is fed back through the change of the dynamic load displacement), whether the problem of poor balance degree exists or not is judged according to the dynamic load displacement and/or a dynamic load stress value, and the problem of poor balance degree can be monitored and judged on line. The whole calculation process is completed synchronously with detection without manual participation.
The thrust pad adjusting method and the load monitoring method provided by the invention are convenient to arrange on site, can be suitable for on-site installation, debugging, overhaul and debugging of the thrust bearing of the water-turbine generator set, and can also be suitable for long-term monitoring during the operation of the water-turbine generator set; the adjusting method is applied in the field installation, debugging and maintenance debugging process of the thrust bearing of the hydroelectric generating set, the installation, maintenance and debugging process can be completed from several days to several hours, the construction period is greatly shortened, the installation efficiency is improved, meanwhile, synchronous measurement, real-time conversion and real-time output of the adjustment value are realized, the influence of human factors is avoided, and the measurement precision and the installation precision are improved. The load monitoring method is applied in the monitoring process of the long-term operation of the hydraulic turbine set, the blank of the load real-time monitoring without the thrust bearing in the operation process of the hydraulic turbine set can be filled, meanwhile, the method adopts synchronous detection, the detection effectiveness and the reference are further ensured, the conversion of corresponding detection results is automatically and synchronously completed, the result acquisition hysteresis is low, the real-time state of the thrust bearing of the hydraulic turbine set can be effectively reflected in time, and the effective guarantee is provided for the long-term reliable operation of the hydraulic turbine set.
The embodiment also provides a hydroelectric set thrust tile adjustment system, including a plurality of micro displacement sensors, sensing changer, leading ware and monitoring devices.
The micro-displacement sensors are in one-to-one correspondence with the thrust pads, the micro-displacement sensors are arranged on the bearing support installation parts corresponding to the thrust pads, the axis of each thrust pad, the axis of the bearing support corresponding to the thrust pad and the axis of the micro-displacement sensor corresponding to the bearing support are all on the same straight line, each micro-displacement sensor is arranged in the installation process to obtain the measurement displacement value of the micro-displacement sensor, and when the measurement displacement value is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, the micro-displacement sensors are fixedly installed.
And the sensing transmitters correspond to the micro-displacement sensors one by one and are used for converting the differential displacement electric signals collected by the micro-displacement sensors into digital signals and transmitting the digital signals to the monitoring device.
The monitoring device comprises a first acquisition unit, a second acquisition unit, a third acquisition unit, a calculation unit, a judgment unit and an alarm unit.
The first acquisition unit is used for synchronously acquiring the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors when the rack is not loaded with a load, and obtaining the initial load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the rack is not loaded with the load;
the second acquisition unit is used for synchronously acquiring the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors when the rack loads all the loads to obtain the real-time static load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the load is loaded;
the third acquisition unit is used for synchronously acquiring the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to a certain position through all the micro displacement sensors when the unit operates, and triggering all the micro displacement sensors to synchronously acquire and acquire the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to the same position according to the rotating speed of the unit, wherein the same position is a position corresponding to the position when the real-time dynamic load displacement is acquired for the first time;
the calculation unit is used for calculating the static load displacement (shown as a formula (1)) of each thrust shoe according to the initial load displacement and the real-time static load displacement and calculating the static load displacement average (shown as a formula (2)); calculating a static displacement difference value of each thrust shoe according to the static load displacement and the static load displacement average value of each thrust shoe, and calculating an adjustment angle value (shown in formula (3)) of each thrust shoe according to the static displacement difference value and the screw pitch of the strut bolt when the static displacement difference value is larger than a design required value; the dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe is calculated according to the initial load displacement and the real-time dynamic load displacement (as shown in a formula (5)); and the dynamic load stress value of each thrust shoe is calculated according to the dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe (as shown in a formula (6));
the judging unit is used for judging whether the static displacement difference value is larger than a design required value or not and judging whether the balance is poor or not according to the dynamic load displacement and/or the dynamic load stress value;
and the alarm unit is used for giving an alarm when the balance is poor.
And the pre-positioning device is used for sending a synchronous time base signal under the control of the monitoring device so as to synchronously acquire the initial load displacement, the static load displacement and the dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe.
For the thrust pad adjusting system of the water turbine generator set, a manual measuring mode and an automatic measuring mode can be set, wherein the manual measuring mode corresponds to the static load monitoring of the thrust bearing and is used for adjusting the stress balance of the thrust bearing when a new unit is installed and an old unit is overhauled; the automatic measurement mode corresponds to dynamic monitoring of thrust bearing load and is used for dynamic monitoring of the water-turbine generator set in long-time continuous operation, the stress conditions of the thrust bearing under different load working conditions are tested on line in real time, the stress working performance of the thrust bearing of the water-turbine generator set under long-term dynamic load is actually reflected, and the operation mode and the data acquisition mode are operated and monitored as shown in fig. 4.
The above disclosure is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or modifications within the technical scope of the present invention, and shall be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for adjusting the thrust pad of the water turbine generator set is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 11: arranging a micro-displacement sensor on a bearing support mounting part corresponding to each thrust pad, wherein the axis of each thrust pad, the axis of the bearing support corresponding to the thrust pad and the axis of the micro-displacement sensor corresponding to the bearing support are on the same straight line, acquiring the measured displacement value of the micro-displacement sensor in the mounting process of each micro-displacement sensor, and fixedly mounting the micro-displacement sensor when the measured displacement value is 0.5-1.2 mm;
step 12: when the rack is not loaded with a load, synchronously acquiring the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors to obtain the initial load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the rack is not loaded with the load;
step 13: when the rack loads all loads, the measured displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors are synchronously acquired, and the real-time static load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the load is loaded is obtained;
step 14: calculating the static load displacement of each thrust shoe according to the initial load displacement and the real-time static load displacement, and calculating a static load displacement average value;
step 15: calculating the static displacement difference value of each thrust shoe according to the static load displacement and the static load displacement mean value of each thrust shoe, and judging whether the static displacement difference value is smaller than a design required value, if so, finishing the adjustment, otherwise, turning to the step 16;
step 16: calculating an adjustment angle value of each thrust shoe according to the static displacement difference value and the thread pitch of the strut bolt;
and step 17: and adjusting the corresponding thrust pads according to the adjustment angle value, and repeating the steps 12-17 until the static displacement difference value of each thrust pad is smaller than the design requirement value.
2. The method for adjusting the thrust pad of the hydroelectric generating set according to claim 1, wherein in step 12 or 13, all the micro-displacement sensors are triggered to start synchronously by sending a synchronous time base signal to all the micro-displacement sensors, and a single detection is performed.
3. The method for adjusting thrust pads of a hydroelectric generating set according to claim 1, wherein in step 14, the static load displacement calculation formula of each thrust pad is as follows:
wherein,
for the real-time static load displacement of the ith thrust shoe during loading,
for the initial load displacement of the ith thrust shoe when unloaded,
is the static load displacement of the ith thrust shoe;
mean value of static load displacement
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein n is the number of thrust shoes.
4. The method for adjusting the thrust pads of the hydroelectric generating set according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step 16, the adjusting angle value of each thrust pad is calculated by the formula:
wherein alpha isiThe angle value is adjusted corresponding to the ith thrust shoe, s is the screw pitch of the strut bolt,
is the average value of the displacement of the static load,
is the static load displacement of the ith thrust shoe.
5. A dynamic load monitoring method for a thrust bearing of a hydroelectric generating set is characterized in that the thrust pad adjusting method based on any one of claims 1-4 comprises the following steps:
step 21: when the unit operates, the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to a certain position is synchronously acquired through all micro-displacement sensors;
step 22: calculating the dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe according to the initial load displacement and the real-time dynamic load displacement;
step 23: calculating the dynamic load stress value of each thrust pad according to the dynamic load displacement of each thrust pad;
step 24: judging whether poor balance exists according to the dynamic load displacement and/or the dynamic load stress value; when the balance degree is poor, an alarm is given; otherwise, turning to step 25;
step 25: and triggering all micro-displacement sensors to synchronously acquire and obtain the real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to the same position according to the rotating speed of the unit, and repeating the steps 22-24, wherein the same position refers to the position of the step 21.
6. The method for monitoring the dynamic load of the thrust bearing of the hydroelectric generating set according to claim 5, wherein in the step 22, the dynamic load displacement calculation formula of each thrust pad is as follows:
wherein,
for the real-time dynamic load displacement of the ith thrust shoe,
for the initial load displacement of the ith thrust shoe when unloaded,
is the dynamic load displacement of the ith thrust shoe.
7. The method for monitoring the dynamic load of the thrust bearing of the hydroelectric generating set according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in the step 23, the calculation formula of the dynamic load stress value of each thrust pad is as follows:
wherein,
is the dynamic load stress value of the ith thrust shoe, F is the total tonnage of the unit rotor, n is the number of the thrust shoes,
is the dynamic load displacement of the ith thrust shoe.
8. The utility model provides a hydroelectric set thrust tile governing system which characterized in that includes:
the micro-displacement sensor is arranged on the bearing support mounting part corresponding to each thrust shoe, the thrust shoes correspond to the micro-displacement sensors one by one, the axis of each thrust shoe, the axis of the bearing support corresponding to the thrust shoe and the axis of the micro-displacement sensor corresponding to the bearing support are all on the same straight line, the measured displacement value of the micro-displacement sensor is obtained in the mounting process of each micro-displacement sensor, and when the measured displacement value is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm, the micro-displacement sensor is fixedly mounted;
the first acquisition unit is used for synchronously acquiring the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors when the rack is not loaded with a load, and obtaining the initial load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the rack is not loaded with the load;
the second acquisition unit is used for synchronously acquiring the measurement displacement values of all the micro displacement sensors when the rack loads all the loads to obtain the real-time static load displacement of each thrust shoe at the same time when the load is loaded;
the calculation unit is used for calculating the static load displacement of each thrust shoe according to the initial load displacement and the real-time static load displacement and calculating the mean value of the static load displacement; calculating a static displacement difference value of each thrust shoe according to the static load displacement and the static load displacement average value of each thrust shoe, and calculating an adjustment angle value of each thrust shoe according to the static displacement difference value and the screw pitch of the strut bolt when the static displacement difference value is larger than a design required value;
and the judging unit is used for judging whether the static displacement difference value is larger than a design requirement value or not.
9. The hydroelectric generating set thrust shoe adjusting system according to claim 8, further comprising a third obtaining unit, wherein the third obtaining unit is configured to, during operation of the hydroelectric generating set, synchronously obtain a real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to a certain position through all the micro-displacement sensors, and trigger all the micro-displacement sensors to synchronously acquire and obtain a real-time dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe when the rotor rotates to the same position according to a rotation speed of the hydroelectric generating set, wherein the same position is a position corresponding to the first time of obtaining the real-time dynamic load displacement;
the calculation unit is also used for calculating the dynamic load displacement of each thrust shoe according to the initial load displacement and the real-time dynamic load displacement; the dynamic load stress value of each thrust pad is calculated according to the dynamic load displacement of each thrust pad;
the judging unit is also used for judging whether the balance is poor or not according to the dynamic load displacement and/or the dynamic load stress value;
and the alarm unit is used for giving an alarm when the balance is poor.
10. A hydroelectric generating set comprising a thrust shoe adjustment system as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9.
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| JPH06173949A (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 1994-06-21 | Ebara Corp | Thrust magnetic bearing device |
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