CN115235327A - Multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for hydraulic generator - Google Patents

Multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for hydraulic generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115235327A
CN115235327A CN202210866508.4A CN202210866508A CN115235327A CN 115235327 A CN115235327 A CN 115235327A CN 202210866508 A CN202210866508 A CN 202210866508A CN 115235327 A CN115235327 A CN 115235327A
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data
air gap
magnetic pole
eddy current
sensor
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王安林
王家祥
林滨
邱文丰
郑盛锋
卢旺城
傅光进
郭道芬
黄睿琳
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Fujian Mianhuatan Hydroelectric Development Co ltd
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Fujian Mianhuatan Hydroelectric Development Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for a hydraulic generator, which relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower, and comprises the following steps: when the hydraulic generator is overhauled, the overhauling measurement module reads real-time data in a singlechip arranged behind the eddy current sensor and calculates an air gap value; the quasi-static measurement module measures the rotating speed by using a laser rotating speed sensor and an eddy current sensor measures an air gap in real time in the starting process of the hydraulic generator; the thermal balance dynamic measurement module activates the data acquisition device by triggering a thermal balance measurement data acquisition function key, and reads data in real time from a singlechip arranged behind the eddy current sensor when the change rate of the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor is less than 0.1 ℃/h; and after the air gap monitoring is carried out on the working condition, the fault measurement module observes the air gap change condition in the fault development and unit shutdown process in real time. The method is simple in measurement operation and accurate in data analysis, and improves the online monitoring and fault diagnosis level of the hydraulic generator.

Description

Multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for hydraulic generator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower, in particular to a multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for a hydraulic generator.
Background
The measurement of the air gap of the hydraulic generator is always an important acquisition index in the maintenance and operation of the hydropower station. The form of wood inserting strips is commonly used in maintenance; in actual operation, an old unit almost lacks an air gap measuring device, and although a new unit is provided with an air gap sensor, a plurality of problems still exist. The main problems are as follows:
(1) The maintenance adopts a wood strip inserting mode, the measurement precision is low, the measurement precision of about 1mm can be usually kept, and time and labor are wasted;
(2) In actual operation, even if the air gap sensor is installed, only measurement and no analysis are performed. On one hand, the existing equipment has unclear analysis on the cause of air gap fault when the unit runs, and on the other hand, the air gap measurement working condition is not known in place, so that the measurement and analysis have a unhooking phenomenon, and even if an abnormal air gap value is measured sometimes, the problem is not known.
(3) In actual operation, because the installation quantity of the air gap sensors is small, the rotor deformation can only be judged, and whether the stator is abnormal or not is difficult to analyze.
Due to the problems, air gap measurement and analysis are still in a relatively initial state, data measurement precision is questioned, a calculation and analysis method is almost completely absent, running operation precision is affected frequently, manpower and material resources are greatly wasted, and the generating potential of a unit is reduced. Therefore, the invention comprehensively considers the influence and provides a novel multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for the hydraulic generator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for a hydraulic generator, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for a hydraulic generator comprises the following steps:
step 1: installing a measuring unit: arranging a sheet type eddy current sensor on the inner edge of the generator stator; arranging a temperature sensor in the middle of the inner edge of a generator stator, mounting a laser rotating speed sensor on a generator guide bearing, and attaching a reflective strip on a corresponding generator shaft;
step 2: when the hydraulic generator is overhauled, the overhauling measurement module reads real-time data in a singlechip arranged behind the eddy current sensor and calculates an air gap value according to the data;
and step 3: the quasi-static measurement module measures the rotating speed by using a laser rotating speed sensor and an eddy current sensor measures an air gap in real time in the starting process of the hydraulic generator;
and 4, step 4: the thermal balance dynamic measurement module activates the data acquisition device by triggering a thermal balance measurement data acquisition function key, and reads data in real time from a singlechip arranged behind the eddy current sensor when the change rate of the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor is less than 0.1 ℃/h;
and 5: and after the air gap monitoring is carried out on the working condition, the fault measurement module observes the air gap change condition in the fault development and unit shutdown process in real time.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention also provides the following optional technical scheme:
in one alternative: the maintenance measuring module is used for maintenance of the hydraulic generator, the generator rotor is pushed to operate by a mechanical device or manpower, the generator rotor stops when the excircle center line of each magnetic pole reaches the eddy current sensor, and the data acquisition device is activated to read real-time data in a singlechip behind the eddy current sensor by triggering a maintenance measuring data acquisition function key.
In one alternative: the maintenance measuring module is used for detecting the verticality and the concentricity of the part to be installed by applying a vertical measuring device before the sheet type eddy current sensor is installed; the sheet type eddy current sensors should be arranged in the + X, + Y directions of the generator, respectively, and eight in each direction from top to bottom.
In one alternative: when the maintenance measurement module works, the air gap measurement calculation method comprises the following steps:
let R ijx Representing the value of the j-th rotor pole air gap, R, measured by the i-th sensor mounted in the + X direction ijy Representing the j-th rotor pole air gap value measured by the i-th sensor mounted in the + Y direction.
The gradient of the magnetic pole air gap can be judged according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003759446730000021
in the above formula, when the difference between the 8 air gap values of the jth magnetic pole measured in the + X direction and the average value of the 8 air gaps is less than 0.5mm, the magnetic pole is considered to be uniform from top to bottom; if the magnetic pole does not meet the requirement of the above formula, the data in the + Y direction is used for checking, and if the magnetic pole does not meet the requirement, the installation deviation of the jth magnetic pole is considered to be overlarge.
After the gradient of the air gap of the magnetic pole meets the requirement, carrying out the uniformity distribution analysis of the magnetic pole:
assuming that there are N magnetic poles, the eccentricity of all the magnetic poles in the + X and + Y directions can be calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003759446730000031
in the above formula, e x Representing the eccentricity of the pole in the + X direction, e y Represents the eccentricity of the magnetic pole in the + Y direction, R j Representing the laser sensor (4) at the jth magnetic poleThe mean value of the measurements of the upper air gap,
Figure BDA0003759446730000032
Figure BDA0003759446730000033
represents the angle relationship between the jth magnetic pole and the + X direction,
Figure BDA0003759446730000034
j＝1,2,…,N。
the total eccentricity of the magnetic poles is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003759446730000035
the installation of a satisfactory pole can be determined according to the following equation:
Figure BDA0003759446730000036
where R represents the average air gap of the N poles,
Figure BDA0003759446730000037
if the magnetic pole does not conform to the above formula, the data measured by the + Y direction sensor (5) is checked, and if the magnetic pole does not conform to the above formula, the installation of the jth magnetic pole is considered not to be satisfactory, and the magnetic pole is checked according to the value R j -R is adjusted; recording the corresponding average air gap R and the air gap R corresponding to each magnetic pole after the whole data meets the requirement j 。
In one alternative: when the unit is started, the quasi-static measurement module starts the data acquisition device by triggering a function key of the quasi-static data acquisition device, and reads data of the laser rotation speed sensor and the rear singlechip of the sheet type eddy current sensor in real time; when the measured data of the laser rotating speed sensor reaches 95% of the rated rotating speed, the quasi-static measuring module intercepts the data of the laser rotating speed sensor and the eddy current sensor at the corresponding time for analysis; the laser rotating speed sensor converts the rotating speed by recording the time between two times of light reflecting strips, and the data of the laser rotating speed sensor is stored as the time for sensing the light reflecting strips each time and the corresponding converted rotating speed.
In one alternative: the data measured by the eddy current sensor is judged to be magnetic pole air gap data or magnetic pole gap data by utilizing a dual rule of a rising edge and a falling edge;
taking data in the + X direction as an example, reading data measured by the eddy current sensor within two times of recording time of the laser rotating speed sensor, wherein the data falling edge judgment rule is as follows:
R izxm ＜R z
data rising edge determination rule:
R izxm ＞R z
wherein R is izxm Represents the + X direction, the data at the m-th moment measured by the i-th sensor, R z Represents the average of all data over the time period. P data collected between the data falling edge and the data rising edge are magnetic pole air gap data, and then 5 data from P/2-2 (rounding) to P/2+2 (rounding) are intercepted for average calculation; n falling edge data and rising edge data are due to the rule in the M data, the N falling edge data and the rising edge data are exactly in one-to-one correspondence with actual magnetic pole numbers, and the result is recorded as R pj (ii) a If the data is missing, the data after the trailing falling edge of the data can be read and averaged, and the value of the air gap corresponding to the last magnetic pole is considered. In quasi-static measurement, the air gap change conforms to the following rule, and then the air gap change is considered to be in a normal state.
0.95R j ≤R pj ≤1.05R j
If the magnetic pole does not accord with the above formula, the data of the + Y direction eddy current sensor (5) is used for checking and calculating, if the magnetic pole does not accord with the above formula, the corresponding jth magnetic pole is considered to be loose in installation, an alarm signal is sent out, and the machine is stopped immediately. And the last circle of data R pj And recording is carried out.
In one alternative: after the thermal balance dynamic measurement module is started, the thermal balance data acquisition function key is triggered to activate the data acquisition device, the data of the temperature sensor is acquired in real time, and when the change rate of the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor is less than 0.1 ℃/hReading data from a singlechip arranged behind the eddy current sensor in real time, and performing one-to-one correspondence between air gap values and magnetic pole numbers by using a method for matching signal falling edges and signal rising edges, and recording as R dj And the average data measured by the ith eddy current sensor is recorded as R dij ；
When the thermal expansion phenomenon occurs to the generator rotor and the generator stator, the change of the magnetic pole air gap is judged from the following aspects of 3:
thermal deformation of the mounting part of the eddy current sensor exceeds the standard:
0.98R dj ≤R dij ≤1.05R dj
in the above formula, the stator thermal deformation respectively calculates the + X and + Y directions, and an alarm signal is sent out as long as any direction does not meet the requirement.
Judging the thermal deformation of the rotor:
0.98R pj ≤R dj ≤1.05R pj
in the above formula, if the + X data does not meet the requirement, if the + Y direction stator thermal deformation meets the requirement, the + Y direction data is used for checking; otherwise, an alarm signal should be sent.
And (3) judging the thermal deformation of the stator:
|R djt -R djt-1 |＜0.1R pj
in the above formula, R djt And R djt-1 The values of the air gaps of the current and previous circles of magnetic poles respectively represent, if the difference between the values of the air gaps does not conform to the upper formula and the data in the + Y direction does not conform to the upper formula after the data in the + Y direction is rechecked, the fact that the air gaps of the rotor are mainly enlarged due to the fact that the thermal expansion of a certain part of the stator is increased, the electromagnetic tension is unbalanced, and further the change of the air gaps is uneven is caused.
In one alternative: the fault measurement module automatically switches into the fault measurement module after the quasi-static measurement module and the thermal balance dynamic measurement module have faults, and analyzes the air gap change condition in the shutdown process of the unit to determine the accurate fault position and reason; the fault measurement module carries out one-to-one correspondence of air gap values and magnetic pole numbers by using a method of matching signal falling edges and rising edges, and records the last circle of data as R gj (i.e., data prior to shutdown);
0.95R pj ≤R gj ≤1.05R pj
it is considered that the local temperature rise is caused mainly by the mounting looseness, and if the local temperature rise is not caused, for example, by the turn-to-turn short circuit of the magnetic pole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention improves the mounting precision of the eddy current sensor by measuring the verticality and linearity of the mounting tail part of the sheet eddy current sensor; and the air gap data during maintenance and the air gap data during unit starting are recorded, so that a judgment basis is provided for the change of the magnetic pole air gap of the unit in a thermal balance state and a fault shutdown process.
The adoption of the rising edge, the falling edge and the laser rotating speed sensor provides an effective means for accurately positioning the magnetic poles, can accurately guide the actual gap of each magnetic pole in actual operation, and can only obtain an average air gap in the prior art, thereby improving the measurement precision and the fault diagnosis precision; the operating states of the hydraulic generator are distinguished by the laser rotating speed sensor and the temperature sensor, so that a foundation is laid for the division of different states, and the alarm judgment basis is favorably and pertinently provided.
The method is simple in measurement operation and accurate in data analysis, and improves the online monitoring and fault diagnosis level of the hydraulic generator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of air gap measurement.
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram of a multi-functional air gap measurement.
FIG. 3 is a graph of air gap dynamic measurement signal variation.
Notations for reference numerals: the device comprises a generator rotor 1, a rotor magnetic pole 2, a generator stator 3, a slice type eddy current sensor (4, 5), a temperature sensor 6, a generator guide bearing 7, a laser rotating speed sensor 8, a reflective strip 9, an overhaul measurement module 10, a quasi-static measurement module 11, a thermal balance dynamic measurement module 12, a fault measurement module 13, an overhaul measurement data acquisition function key 14, a data acquisition device 15, a quasi-static measurement data acquisition function key 16, a rear single chip microcomputer (17, 18), a thermal balance measurement data acquisition function key 19, a falling edge 20 and a rising edge 21.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments; in the drawings or the description, the same reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts, and the shape, thickness or height of each part may be enlarged or reduced in practical use. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any obvious modifications or variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a novel multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for a hydraulic generator, which covers overhaul and running states.
In this example implementation, FIG. 1 is a schematic view of air gap measurement. In order to divide the air gap measurement into 4 modules such as a maintenance measurement module, a quasi-static measurement module, a thermal balance dynamic measurement module, a fault measurement module and the like and comprehensively judge the deformation conditions of a rotor and a stator, the invention arranges the following measurement components: 8 slice type eddy current sensors (4, 5) are respectively arranged from top to bottom on the directions of + X and + Y of the inner edge of the generator stator 3; a temperature sensor 6 is arranged in the middle of the inner edge of the generator stator 3, a laser rotating speed sensor 8 is arranged on a generator guide bearing 7, and a reflective strip 9 is attached to the corresponding generator shaft.
The control logic of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2; the invention provides 4 air gap measuring and analyzing modules, namely a maintenance measuring module 10, a quasi-static measuring module 11, a thermal balance dynamic measuring module 12 and a fault measuring module 13.
The maintenance measuring module 10 is used for the maintenance of the hydraulic generator, the generator rotor is pushed to run by a mechanical device or manpower, the maintenance measuring module stops when the excircle central line of each magnetic pole reaches the eddy current sensors (4 and 5), and the data acquisition device 15 is activated to read real-time data in the single-chip microcomputers (17 and 18) arranged behind the eddy current sensors (4 and 5) by triggering the maintenance measuring data acquisition function key 14.
The quasi-static measurement module 11 is used for measuring the starting process of the hydraulic generator, a data acquisition device 15 is activated by triggering a quasi-static measurement data acquisition function key 16, the laser rotating speed sensor 8 is used for measuring the rotating speed, the eddy current sensors (4 and 5) measure air gaps in real time, according to the time corresponding to 0.1% of the rotating speed and 95% of the rotating speed in the laser rotating speed sensor 8, the air gap change data when the hydraulic generator starts to rotate until the rotating speed reaches the rated rotating speed are respectively read out from the single-chip microcomputers (17 and 18) arranged behind the eddy current sensors (4 and 5), and whether an alarm is given or not is judged according to related algorithms.
The thermal balance dynamic measurement module (12) activates the data acquisition device (15) by triggering a thermal balance measurement data acquisition function key (19), reads data from the single-chip microcomputers (17 and 18) arranged behind the eddy current sensors (4 and 5) in real time when the change rate of the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor (6) is less than 0.1 ℃/h, and judges whether to alarm or not according to a related algorithm.
The fault measurement module 13 mainly observes that when the quasi-static measurement module 11 and the thermal balance dynamic measurement module 12 alarm conditions, the fault measurement module automatically switches to enter a fault measurement mode, and observes the air gap change conditions in the fault development and unit shutdown processes in real time.
The overhaul measuring module 10 provided by the invention is used for detecting the verticality and the concentricity of a part to be installed by applying a vertical measuring device before the sheet type eddy current sensors (4 and 5) are installed, wherein the sheet type eddy current sensors (4 and 5) are respectively arranged in the + X and + Y directions of a generator, and 8 sheet type eddy current sensors are arranged from top to bottom in each direction; the sheet type eddy current sensor should be installed at the inner edge of the stator 3. When the maintenance measuring module 10 works, the air gap measurement calculation method is as follows:
let R ijx Represents the value of the air gap R of the jth rotor magnetic pole 2 measured by the ith eddy current sensor 4 installed in the + X direction ijy Representing the value of the air gap of the jth rotor pole 2 measured by the ith eddy current sensor 4 mounted in the + Y direction.
The gradient of the magnetic pole air gap can be judged according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003759446730000081
in the above formula, when the difference between 8 air gap values of the jth magnetic pole measured in the + X direction and the average value of the 8 air gaps is less than 0.5mm, the magnetic pole is considered to be uniform from top to bottom; if the magnetic pole does not meet the requirement of the above formula, the data in the + Y direction is used for checking, and if the magnetic pole does not meet the requirement, the installation deviation of the jth magnetic pole is considered to be overlarge.
After the gradient of the air gap of the magnetic pole meets the requirement, carrying out the uniformity distribution analysis of the magnetic pole:
assuming that there are N magnetic poles, the eccentricity of all the magnetic poles in the + X and + Y directions can be calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003759446730000082
in the above formula, e x Representing the eccentricity of the magnetic pole in the + X direction, e y Representing the eccentricity of the pole in the + Y direction, R j Represents the mean value of the air gap measurement of the laser sensor (4) on the jth magnetic pole,
Figure BDA0003759446730000083
Figure BDA0003759446730000084
represents the angle relationship between the jth magnetic pole and the + X direction,
Figure BDA0003759446730000085
j＝1,2,…,N。
the total eccentricity of the magnetic poles is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003759446730000086
the installation of a satisfactory pole can be determined according to the following equation:
Figure BDA0003759446730000087
where R represents the average air gap of the N poles,
Figure BDA0003759446730000088
if the magnetic pole does not conform to the above formula, the data measured by the + Y direction eddy current sensor 5 is checked, and if the magnetic pole does not conform to the above formula, the installation of the jth magnetic pole is considered not to be satisfactory, and the magnetic pole is checked according to the value R j -R is adjusted. Recording the corresponding average air gap R and the air gap R corresponding to each magnetic pole after the whole data meets the requirement j 。
4. When the unit is started, the quasi-static measuring module 11 starts the data acquisition device 15 by triggering the function key 16 of the quasi-static data acquisition device, and reads data of the laser rotating speed sensor 8 and the rear singlechips (17 and 18) of the slice eddy current sensors (4 and 5) in real time. When the measured data of the laser rotating speed sensor 8 reaches 95% of the rated rotating speed, the quasi-static measuring module intercepts the data of the laser rotating speed sensor 8 and the eddy current sensors (4 and 5) at the corresponding time for analysis. The laser rotating speed sensor 8 mainly uses the time recorded between two times of the light reflecting strips 9 to convert the rotating speed, and the data is stored as the time of sensing the light reflecting strips each time and the corresponding converted rotating speed.
The method for judging whether the measured data is magnetic pole air gap data or magnetic pole gap data by using the double rules of the rising edge 21 and the falling edge 20 is mainly based on the dynamic air gap and presents a vertical wave form, as shown in fig. 3.
Taking data in the + X direction as an example, reading data measured by the eddy current sensor 4 within two times of recording time of the laser rotation speed sensor, wherein the data falling edge 20 judges the rule:
R izxm ＜R z
data rising edge 21 determination rule:
R izxm ＞R z
wherein R is izxm Represents the + X direction, the data at the m-th moment measured by the i-th sensor, R z Represents the average of all data over the time period. P data collected between the data falling edge 20 and the data rising edge 21 are magnetic pole air gap data, and 5 data from P/2-2 (rounding) to P/2+2 (rounding) are intercepted for average calculation. N falling edge 20 and rising edge 21 data are due to the rule in the M data, the data are exactly in one-to-one correspondence with the actual magnetic pole numbers, and the result is recorded as R pj . If there is a miss, the data after the trailing falling edge 20 of the data can be read and averaged to be considered as the air gap value corresponding to the last magnetic pole. In quasi-static measurement, the air gap change conforms to the following rule, and then the air gap change is considered to be in a normal state.
0.95R j ≤R pj ≤1.05R j
If the magnetic pole does not accord with the above formula, the data of the + Y direction eddy current sensor 5 is used for checking and calculating, if the magnetic pole does not accord with the above formula, the corresponding jth magnetic pole is considered to be loose in installation, an alarm signal is sent out, and the machine is stopped immediately. And the last circle of data R pj And recording is carried out.
The thermal equilibrium dynamic measurement module 12 of the present invention mainly utilizes the data of the laser rotation speed sensor 8, the temperature sensor 6 and the sheet type eddy current sensors (4, 5). After the unit is started, a thermal balance data acquisition function key 19 is triggered to activate a data acquisition device 15, data of a temperature sensor 6 is acquired in real time, when the change rate of the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor 6 is less than 0.1 ℃/h, data are read in real time from single-chip microcomputers (17 and 18) arranged behind eddy current sensors (4 and 5), air gap values and magnetic pole numbers are in one-to-one correspondence by using a method for matching signal falling edges 20 and rising edges 21, and the air gap values and the magnetic pole numbers are recorded as R dj And the average data measured by the ith eddy current sensor is recorded as R dij . Because the generator rotor 1 and the generator stator 3 have thermal expansion, the air gap of the magnetic pole should be properly reduced, and the judgment is mainly carried out from the following aspects 3:
thermal deformation of the mounting part of the eddy current sensor exceeds the standard:
0.98R dj ≤R dij ≤1.05R dj
in the above formula, the stator thermal deformation respectively calculates the + X and + Y directions, and an alarm signal is sent out as long as any direction does not meet the requirement.
Judging the thermal deformation of the rotor:
0.98R pj ≤R dj ≤1.05R pj
in the above formula, if the + X data does not meet the requirement, if the + Y direction stator thermal deformation meets the requirement, the + Y direction data is used for checking; otherwise, an alarm signal should be sent.
And (3) judging the thermal deformation of the stator:
|R djt -R djt-1 |＜0.1R pj
in the above formula, R djt And R djt-1 The values of the air gaps of the current and previous circles of magnetic poles respectively represent, if the difference between the values of the air gaps does not conform to the upper formula and the data in the + Y direction does not conform to the upper formula after the data in the + Y direction is rechecked, the fact that the air gaps of the rotor are mainly enlarged due to the fact that the thermal expansion of a certain part of the stator is increased, the electromagnetic tension is unbalanced, and further the change of the air gaps is uneven is caused.
The fault measurement module 13 provided by the invention is mainly automatically switched into the fault measurement module after the air gap monitoring fails, and mainly analyzes the air gap change condition in the shutdown process of the unit so as to determine the accurate fault position and reason. The measurement module also carries out one-to-one correspondence between air gap values and magnetic pole numbers by using a method of matching signal falling edges 20 and rising edges 21, and records the last circle of data as R gj (i.e., data before shutdown).
0.95R pj ≤R gj ≤1.05R pj
It is considered that the local temperature rise is caused mainly by the mounting looseness, and if the local temperature rise is not caused, for example, by the turn-to-turn short circuit of the magnetic pole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the verticality and the linearity of the mounting tail of the sheet type eddy current sensor are measured, so that the mounting precision of the eddy current sensor is improved; recording air gap data during maintenance and air gap data during unit starting, and providing judgment basis for unit magnetic pole air gap change in a thermal balance state and a fault shutdown process; the adoption of the rising edge 21, the falling edge 20 and the laser rotating speed sensor provides an effective means for accurately positioning the magnetic poles, can accurately guide the actual gap of each magnetic pole in actual operation, can only obtain an average air gap in the prior art, and improves the measurement precision and the fault diagnosis precision; the operating states of the hydraulic generator are distinguished by the laser rotating speed sensor and the temperature sensor, so that a foundation is laid for the division of different states, and the alarm judgment basis is favorably and pertinently provided. The method is simple in measurement operation and accurate in data analysis, and improves the online monitoring and fault diagnosis level of the hydraulic generator.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present disclosure, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for a hydraulic generator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: installing a measuring unit: arranging a sheet type eddy current sensor on the inner edge of the generator stator; arranging a temperature sensor in the middle of the inner edge of a generator stator, mounting a laser rotating speed sensor on a generator guide bearing, and attaching a reflective strip on a corresponding generator shaft;
step 2: when the hydraulic generator is overhauled, the overhauling measurement module reads real-time data in a singlechip arranged behind the eddy current sensor and calculates an air gap value according to the data;
and 3, step 3: the quasi-static measurement module measures the rotating speed by using a laser rotating speed sensor and an eddy current sensor measures an air gap in real time in the starting process of the hydraulic generator;
and 4, step 4: the thermal balance dynamic measurement module activates the data acquisition device by triggering a thermal balance measurement data acquisition function key, and reads data in real time from a singlechip arranged behind the eddy current sensor when the change rate of the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor is less than 0.1 ℃/h;
and 5: and after the air gap monitoring is carried out on the working condition, the fault measurement module observes the air gap change condition in the fault development and unit shutdown process in real time.
2. The method for measuring and calculating the multifunctional dynamic and static air gaps of the hydraulic generator according to claim 1, wherein the maintenance measuring module is used for maintenance of the hydraulic generator, a mechanical device or manpower is used for pushing a generator rotor to operate, the generator rotor stops when the center line of the excircle of each magnetic pole reaches the electric eddy current sensor, and the data acquisition device is activated to read real-time data in a singlechip arranged behind the electric eddy current sensor by triggering a maintenance measurement data acquisition function key.
3. The method for measuring and calculating the multifunctional dynamic and static air gap of the hydraulic generator according to claim 1, wherein the maintenance measuring module is used for detecting the verticality and the concentricity of the part to be installed by using a vertical measuring device before the sheet type eddy current sensor is installed; the sheet type eddy current sensors should be arranged in the + X, + Y directions of the generator, respectively, and eight in each direction from top to bottom.
4. The multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method of the hydraulic generator according to claim 3, wherein when the overhaul measuring module works, the air gap measuring and calculating method is as follows:
let R ijx Representing the value of the j-th rotor pole air gap, R, measured by the i-th sensor mounted in the + X direction ijy Represents the j-th rotor pole air gap value measured by the i-th sensor installed in the + Y direction;
the gradient of the magnetic pole air gap can be judged according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003759446720000021
in the above formula, when the difference between 8 air gap values of the jth magnetic pole measured in the + X direction and the average value of the 8 air gaps is less than 0.5mm, the magnetic pole is considered to be uniform from top to bottom; if the magnetic pole does not accord with the requirement of the upper formula, checking by using data in the + Y direction, and if the magnetic pole does not accord with the requirement, determining that the installation deviation of the jth magnetic pole is overlarge;
after the gradient of the air gap of the magnetic pole meets the requirement, carrying out the uniformity distribution analysis of the magnetic pole:
assuming that there are N magnetic poles, the eccentricity of all the magnetic poles in the + X and + Y directions can be calculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003759446720000022
in the above formula, e x Representing the eccentricity of the pole in the + X direction, e y Representing the eccentricity of the pole in the + Y direction, R j Represents the average of the air gap measurements of the laser sensor at the jth pole,
Figure FDA0003759446720000023
Figure FDA0003759446720000024
represents the angle relationship between the jth magnetic pole and the + X direction,
Figure FDA0003759446720000025
the total eccentricity of the magnetic poles is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0003759446720000026
the installation of a satisfactory pole can be determined according to the following equation:
Figure FDA0003759446720000027
where R represents the average air gap of the N poles,
Figure FDA0003759446720000028
if the magnetic pole does not accord with the upper formula, the data measured by the + Y direction sensor (5) is checked, if the magnetic pole does not accord with the upper formula, the installation of the jth magnetic pole is considered not to accord with the requirement, and the installation of the jth magnetic pole is carried out according to the value R j -R is adjusted; recording corresponding average after the whole data is in accordance with the requirementAir gap R and air gap R corresponding to each magnetic pole j 。
5. The method for measuring and calculating the multifunctional dynamic and static air gaps of the hydraulic generator according to claim 4, wherein when the unit is started, the quasi-static measuring module starts the data acquisition device by triggering a function key of the quasi-static data acquisition device, and reads data of a laser rotation speed sensor and a rear singlechip of a thin sheet type eddy current sensor in real time; when the measured data of the laser rotating speed sensor reaches 95% of the rated rotating speed, the quasi-static measuring module intercepts the data of the laser rotating speed sensor and the eddy current sensor at the corresponding time for analysis; the laser rotating speed sensor converts the rotating speed by recording the time between two times of light reflecting strips, and the data of the laser rotating speed sensor is stored as the time for sensing the light reflecting strips each time and the corresponding converted rotating speed.
6. The multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method of the hydraulic generator according to claim 1, wherein the data measured by the eddy current sensor is determined whether the measured data is magnetic pole air gap data or magnetic pole gap data by using a dual rule of rising edge and falling edge;
taking data in the + X direction as an example, reading data measured by the eddy current sensor within two times of recording time of the laser rotating speed sensor, wherein the data falling edge judgment rule is as follows:
R izxm ＜R z ；
data rising edge determination rule:
R izxm ＞R z ；
wherein R is izxm Represents the + X direction, the data at the m-th moment measured by the i-th sensor, R z Represents the average of all data over the time period; p data collected between the data falling edge and the data rising edge are magnetic pole air gap data, and then 5 data from P/2-2 (rounding) to P/2+2 (rounding) are intercepted for average calculation; n falling edge data and rising edge data are due to the rule in the M data, the N falling edge data and the rising edge data are exactly in one-to-one correspondence with actual magnetic pole numbers, and the result is recorded as R pj (ii) a If there is a miss, the trailing falling edge of the data can be readAveraging the subsequent data to obtain the air gap value corresponding to the last magnetic pole; in the quasi-static measurement, the change of the air gap conforms to the following rule, and the air gap is considered to be in a normal state;
0.95R j ≤R pj ≤1.05R j ；
if the magnetic pole does not accord with the upper formula, checking and calculating by using the data of the + Y direction eddy current sensor, if the magnetic pole does not accord with the upper formula, determining that the corresponding jth magnetic pole is installed loosely, sending an alarm signal, and immediately stopping the machine; and the last circle of data R pj And (7) recording.
7. The method for measuring and calculating the multifunctional dynamic and static air gaps of the hydraulic generator according to claim 6, wherein the dynamic thermal balance measuring module triggers a thermal balance data acquisition function key to activate a data acquisition device after the unit is started to acquire data of the temperature sensor in real time, when the change rate of the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor is less than 0.1 ℃/h, the data is read in real time from a singlechip arranged behind the eddy current sensor, and the air gap values and the magnetic pole numbers are in one-to-one correspondence and are recorded as R by utilizing a method of matching signal falling edges and signal rising edges dj And the average data measured by the ith eddy current sensor is recorded as R dij ；
When the thermal expansion phenomenon occurs to the generator rotor and the generator stator, the change of the magnetic pole air gap is judged from the following aspects of 3:
the thermal deformation of the mounting part of the eddy current sensor exceeds the standard:
0.98R dj ≤R dij ≤1.05R dj ；
in the above formula, the stator thermal deformation respectively calculates the + X and + Y directions, and an alarm signal is sent out as long as any direction does not meet the requirement;
judging the thermal deformation of the rotor:
0.98R pj ≤R dj ≤1.05R pj ；
in the above formula, if the + X data does not meet the requirement, if the + Y direction stator thermal deformation meets the requirement, the + Y direction data is used for checking; otherwise, an alarm signal is sent out;
and (3) judging the thermal deformation of the stator:
|R djt -R djt-1 |＜0.1R pj ；
in the above formula, R djt And R djt-1 The values of the air gaps of the current and previous circles of magnetic poles respectively represent, if the difference between the values of the air gaps does not conform to the upper formula and the data in the + Y direction does not conform to the upper formula after the data in the + Y direction is rechecked, the fact that the air gaps of the rotor are mainly enlarged due to the fact that the thermal expansion of a certain part of the stator is increased, the electromagnetic tension is unbalanced, and further the change of the air gaps is uneven is caused.
8. The method for measuring and calculating the multifunctional dynamic and static air gaps of the hydraulic generator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fault measuring module automatically switches into the fault measuring module after the quasi-static measuring module and the thermal balance dynamic measuring module have faults, and analyzes the air gap change condition in the shutdown process of the unit so as to determine the accurate fault position and reason; the fault measurement module performs one-to-one correspondence between air gap values and magnetic pole numbers by using a method of matching signal falling edges and signal rising edges, and records the last circle of data as R gj Data immediately before shutdown;
0.95R pj ≤R gj ≤1.05R pj ；
it is considered that the local temperature rise is caused mainly by the mounting looseness, and if the local temperature rise is not caused, the local temperature rise is considered to be caused by the turn-to-turn short circuit of the magnetic pole.
CN202210866508.4A 2022-07-22 2022-07-22 Multifunctional dynamic and static air gap measuring and calculating method for hydraulic generator Pending CN115235327A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115471501A (en) * 2022-10-31 2022-12-13 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 Method and system for identifying air gap distribution state of generator on line by using machine vision
CN115900604A (en) * 2022-11-11 2023-04-04 广东省源天工程有限公司 Semi-automatic measuring system of hydroelectric set stator and rotor air gap digital display
CN117268296A (en) * 2023-11-17 2023-12-22 长春工程学院 Hydro-generator rotor hoisting air gap monitoring device based on 4D millimeter waves

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115471501A (en) * 2022-10-31 2022-12-13 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 Method and system for identifying air gap distribution state of generator on line by using machine vision
CN115471501B (en) * 2022-10-31 2023-10-13 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 Method and system for identifying air gap distribution state of generator on line by utilizing machine vision
CN115900604A (en) * 2022-11-11 2023-04-04 广东省源天工程有限公司 Semi-automatic measuring system of hydroelectric set stator and rotor air gap digital display
CN115900604B (en) * 2022-11-11 2023-09-05 广东省源天工程有限公司 Semi-automatic measuring system for stator and rotor air gap digital display of hydroelectric generating set
CN117268296A (en) * 2023-11-17 2023-12-22 长春工程学院 Hydro-generator rotor hoisting air gap monitoring device based on 4D millimeter waves
CN117268296B (en) * 2023-11-17 2024-02-09 长春工程学院 Hydro-generator rotor hoisting air gap monitoring device based on 4D millimeter waves

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