JPH10226792A - Apparatus and method for producing substitute fuel from waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and method for producing a substitute fuel from waste wherewith and whereby a large charge capacity is guaranteed, little maintenance work is required, and a substitute fuel which can be adopted without causing confusion can be generated. SOLUTION: In an apparatus for producing a substitute fuel from waste by using a pregrinder 1 and a pellet press 2 for fine grinding wherein a through- hole 5 extending from the inside 6 to the outside 7 along the radial direction is installed, an opening 8 having an inlet diameter of 6-25mm is formed at the inside end of the through-hole 5 and another opening 9 having an outlet diameter larger than the outlet diameter of the opening 8 is arranged at the rear of the opening 8.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for producing a substitute fuel from waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the garbage disposal of municipalities, corporations and business organizations, some of these garbage are used in the form of a substitute fuel. To use the refuse thermally as a substitute fuel, the refuse is sorted and crushed into a material for heat treatment. The refuse to be treated is used as a substitute fuel or a reducing agent in, for example, a cement furnace or a blast furnace.

[0003] Sorting devices of this type generally include a pre-mill, a fine mill, and an iron separator. The preliminary crusher and the fine crusher are formed as cutting machines in order to crush dusts having various sizes. Since the degree of pulverization of the preliminary pulverizer and that of the fine pulverizer are different, the loading capacity of both is different. As a result, for example, the pre-mill is followed by two mills connected in parallel and the loading capacity of both mills is matched. However, the increased loading capacity of the device requires relatively high search costs. In addition to this, the cutter is considerably more sensitive to debris components including disturbance materials, for example iron. Furthermore, pulverization with a cutting machine has difficulty when the ground material has thread-like torn cutting edges, forming cotton-like balls, which are partially subjected to heat treatment. In particular, clogging is caused by the pneumatic introduction system.

In the field of using used carpet floors, the carpet floors are first crushed coarsely to eliminate unwanted harmful substances,
Thereafter, it is known to combine the melting and pressing steps to pulverize with a pellet press to make them compact (Umwelt, Bd. 26 (1996), Nr. 7 / 8-Juli / August, VD
Verlag GmbH). In this case, a large number of dies extending over a length of 60 mm depending on the thickness of the die in the extrusion die
The material is pressed against the rotating die wall by a press mechanism until the material is melted by the frictional heat generated to enter the mm diameter hole passage. In the hole passage, this material becomes more compact due to the pressing pressure of the subsequent material, is finally formed into a thread in the molten state and exits the outer wall of the die about 8 mm
Cut into pellets of length. Due to such processing, the loading capacity is considerably reduced. Further, the deposit of the molten material accumulates in the press mechanism and the hole passage, which requires a lot of maintenance work, and makes it difficult to restart after stopping the equipment.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to reduce the amount of debris of the type mentioned at the beginning, which guarantees a large loading capacity, requires little maintenance work and can generate a substitute fuel which can be taken in without disturbance. It is to provide an apparatus and a method for producing a substitute fuel.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the pellet press 2 has a through hole 5 extending radially from the inside 6 to the outside 7 so that the pre-pulverizer 1 and the pulverizer can be finely pulverized. An apparatus for producing a fuel substitute from garbage using a pellet press 2 is provided at an end inside a through hole 5.
This is solved by having an opening 8 with an inlet diameter of 6 to 25 mm, and another opening 9 with an outlet diameter larger than the outlet diameter of this opening 8 is arranged behind said opening 8.

[0007] Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for preliminarily pulverizing dust and, if necessary, removing parts containing iron, and then pulverizing the dust in a ring press and a pellet press having a pressing function. In the method of producing a substitute fuel from the, in the punching press process, using a press function to press dust to the web formed between the through holes of the ring die, the inlet diameter inside the ring die Is 6 to 2
Punched into loose and almost disk-shaped pieces by the opening of the 5 mm through hole, the punched trash is pressed by the other opening, this other opening is placed after the opening inside, and this opening The problem is solved by having a larger outlet diameter compared to the part.

[0008] Further advantageous configurations according to the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In this method, a large amount of fuel can be loaded even if maintenance costs are relatively small, and a substitute fuel can be formed which can be taken in by a heat utilization process without disturbance. If the pulverizer is formed as a pellet press having a stamping and crushing ring die, the apparatus can be operated relatively without disturbance and maintenance-free operation. The ring die is provided with through-holes that extend radially from inside to outside, and these through-holes have an inlet diameter of 6 to 25 mm at the end of the inner opening, so that a roller-shaped press is possible. The main body can be easily punched and crushed together with the ring and die without generating large heat. The generated substitute fuel can be easily pneumatically transported in the exposed state.

The opening inside the ring die is 8 to
Preferably it has an inlet diameter of 15 mm. This part is 2-30 mm long in the radial direction of the ring die, preferably 2
It is effective to extend to a length of ~ 15 mm. In a particularly preferred configuration of the device for heat generation, two openings, which follow one another, extend to the outside of the ring die and are formed so as to extend in a frusto-conical manner with the same conical ratio. In a particularly advantageous configuration of the device, a cylindrical opening inside the ring die is followed by another frustoconical opening, which has the same diameter on the inlet side as the cylindrical opening. Having.

By connecting the openings in series in this manner, an expansion space can be used for the material that has been punched to some extent straight, and prevents subsequent material from adhering, clumping, and fouling. Non-ferrous and / or
Alternatively, an iron and / or non-ferrous separator is connected after the pre-mill to separate and recover the iron-containing parts and to maintain the required specifications or limits for the fuel substitute produced. . In another embodiment of the apparatus or method, an air classifier is connected before the pre-mill, which advantageously allows the weight separation of disturbance substances.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings. The apparatus shown in FIG.
1, a pre-pulverizer formed as a uniaxial cutting device 1, and a pellet with a ring die 3 for performing fine pulverization.
There is press 2. Uniaxial cutting device 1 and pellet press 2
Between them, an iron separation device 4 is connected. Coarse crusher 1
1 is formed by a rotor shearing machine.

The ring die 3 partially shown in FIG. 2 is rotatable and has a large number of through holes 5. These through holes extend from the inside 6 to the outside 7 of the ring die 3. The through-hole 5 has a cylindrical opening 8 at the end on the inside 6,
Its inlet diameter is about 8-15 mm. The through hole 5 is gradually tapered toward the inside of the ring die 3. The opening 8 is followed by another opening 9 in the radial direction of the ring die 3. The other opening 9 is a ring
It extends conically in the direction of the outside 7 of the die 3 with a cone ratio of about 1:20 to 1:30. The other opening 9 is followed by a third opening 10 which extends cylindrically to the outside of the ring die 3.

The shape of the ring die 3 shown in FIG. 3 has a through hole 5 extending from the inside 6 to the outside 7. This through hole 5
The opening 8 and the opening 9 are formed in a truncated cone shape. The opening 8 and the opening 9 have the same conical ratio and are always facing each other. Ring die 3 shown in FIG.
In the example, the through hole 5 is formed in a step shape. The cylindrical opening 8 is followed by a second opening 9 and a third opening 10 in the radial direction of the ring die 3. These openings 9 and 10 are formed in a cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the opening 10 is larger than the diameter of the opening 9. Opening 9
Has a larger diameter than the opening 8.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the web surface formed between the through-holes 5 of the ring die 3 on the inside 6 is kept relatively small and the rolling and pressing steps which generate heat in the web are carried out. To reduce this, the through-holes 5 are slightly reduced or stepped inside 6 of the ring die 3. Eliminating this reduction in diameter or stepping results in a slight increase in temperature. However, in view of the very good punching action, this rise in temperature can tolerate the relatively sharp punching edges that occur in this case and does not induce an ignition temperature.

In order to produce a substitute fuel, plastic waste is pulverized to a size of 400 mm or less in a coarse pulverizer 11 formed as a rotor shearing machine, and a particle of about 200 to 50 mm is pulverized in a single-shaft cutter 1. Crush to a diameter. The coarse disturbance is separated by an air classifier connected between the coarse crusher 11 and the single-shaft cutter 1. Components containing iron are separated from the pre-crushed plastic waste in the iron separator 4. After the iron component is separated, the pre-crushed plastic waste is sent to a pellet press 2 and finely pulverized into small, roughly disk-shaped loose pieces.

In the pulverization by the pellet press 2, the pre-pulverized plastic dust is pressed by the press mechanism against the inside 6 of the ring die 3 rotating on the web.
It is stamped through the opening 8 and is pressed by the remaining part of the through hole 5 by the subsequent material. In another configuration of this device or method, the pre-mill 1 is formed as a rotor shearing machine.

In the case of pre-milling to about 100 to 70 mm in the pre-mill 1 a particularly high loading capacity can be obtained.
With this apparatus and method, a substitute fuel can be easily produced, for example, from oversized garbage or used carpet floors.

[0019]

As described above, the apparatus and method of the present invention can guarantee a large loading capacity, require less maintenance work, and generate a substitute fuel that can be taken in without disturbance.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for producing a substitute fuel from plastic waste.

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a ring die.

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the ring die.

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the ring die.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Uniaxial cutter 2 Pellet press 3 Ring die 4 Iron separator 5 Through hole 6 Inside 7 Outside 8, 9, 10 Opening part 11 Coarse crusher

Claims (18)

[Claims] 1. A pellet press (2) having a through hole (5) extending radially from an inner side (6) to an outer side (7), a pre-pulverizer (1) and a pellet press for fine pulverization. In an apparatus for producing a substitute fuel from refuse using (2), there is an opening (8) having an inlet diameter of 6 to 25 mm at the end inside the through hole (5), and this opening (8) Device, characterized in that another opening (9) of an outlet diameter greater than the outlet diameter of said (8) is arranged after said opening (8). 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the opening (8) has an inlet diameter of 8 to 15 mm. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the opening (8) extends 2-30 mm in the radial direction of the ring die (3). 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the opening (8) and the opening (9) are frusto-conical and each have the same cone ratio. 5. An opening (8) and an opening (9) are formed in the shape of a truncated cone, and the opening (9) has a conical ratio greater or smaller than the opening (8). Item 5. The apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 3. 6. The opening (8) is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the opening (8) is followed by another opening (9) in the radial direction of the ring die (3). Device according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the opening part (9) of the ring is conically widened radially of the ring die (3). 7. An opening (9) having a ratio of 1:10 to 1:50,
Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that it preferably spreads with a cone ratio of 1:20 to 1:30. 8. The pre-mill (1) is formed as a rotor shearing machine or a single-shaft cutter, and has a length of 200 to 50 m.
Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for grinding to a particle size of m, preferably 100 to 70 mm. 9. A method for producing a fuel substitute from garbage, wherein the garbage is preliminarily crushed and, optionally, after removing a part containing iron, and then finely crushed in a ring die and a pellet press having a pressing function. In the punching press process, dust is pressed against the web formed between the through holes of the ring die by using the press function, and the opening of the through hole with an inlet diameter of 6 to 25 mm inside the ring die is used. Punching into a looser and substantially disk-shaped piece, the punched trash is pressed by another opening, and the other opening is placed after the inner opening, and a larger outlet diameter than this opening is obtained. A method comprising: 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the entrance diameter of the opening inside the ring die is 8 to 15 mm.
The method described in. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the opening inside the ring die extends 2-30 mm in the radial direction of the ring die. 12. The punched debris is pressed by another opening, and the other opening is formed so as to extend outward in the radial direction of the ring die and to spread in a truncated cone shape. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11. 13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the punched debris is dusted against another opening formed in a cylindrical shape. 14. The method according to claim 9, wherein the punched dust is pressed by another opening, and the other opening is conically spread outside the ring die. The method described in the section. 15. The method according to claim 9, wherein the refuse is pre-cut by a rotor shearing machine or a single-axis cutting machine. 16. The garbage should be 200 to 50 mm, preferably 100 mm.
16. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that it is pre-ground to a particle size of ~ 70 mm. 17. The method according to claim 9, wherein the non-ferrous components are separated before the refuse is pulverized. 18. The method according to claim 9, wherein the pre-grinding is preceded by a weight separation.