JP3210276B2 - Apparatus and method for producing substitute fuel from waste - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for producing a substitute fuel from waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the garbage disposal of municipalities, corporations and business organizations, some of these garbage are used in the form of a substitute fuel. To use the refuse thermally as a substitute fuel, the refuse is sorted and crushed into a material for heat treatment. The refuse to be treated is used as a substitute fuel or a reducing agent in, for example, a cement furnace or a blast furnace.

[0003] Sorting devices of this type generally include a pre-mill, a fine mill, and an iron separator. The preliminary crusher and the fine crusher are formed as cutting machines in order to crush dusts having various sizes. Since the degree of pulverization of the preliminary pulverizer and that of the fine pulverizer are different, the loading capacity of both is different. As a result, for example, the pre-mill is followed by two mills connected in parallel and the loading capacity of both mills is matched. However, the increased loading capacity of the device requires relatively high search costs. In addition to this, the cutter is considerably more sensitive to debris components including disturbance materials, for example iron. Furthermore, pulverization with a cutting machine has difficulty when the ground material has thread-like torn cutting edges, forming cotton-like balls, which are partially subjected to heat treatment. In particular, clogging is caused by the pneumatic introduction system.

In the field of using used carpet floors, the carpet floor is first coarsely ground to eliminate undesirable harmful substances and then combined with a melting and pressing process to form pellets.
It is known that it is pulverized and compacted by pressing (Umwelt, Bd. 26 (1996), Nr. 7 / 8-Juli / August, VD
Verlag GmbH). In this case, a large number of dies extending over a length of 60 mm depending on the thickness of the die in the extrusion die
The material is pressed against the rotating die wall by a press mechanism until the material is melted by the frictional heat generated to enter the mm diameter hole passage. In the hole passage, this material is further compacted by the pressing pressure of the subsequent material, is finally formed into a thread in the molten state, and exits the outer wall of the die about 8 mm.
It is cut into pellets of mm length. Due to such processing, the loading capacity is considerably reduced. Further, the deposit of the molten material accumulates in the press mechanism and the hole passage, which requires a lot of maintenance work, and makes it difficult to restart after stopping the equipment.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to reduce the amount of debris of the type mentioned at the beginning, which guarantees a large loading capacity, requires little maintenance work and can generate a substitute fuel which can be taken in without disturbance. It is to provide an apparatus and a method for producing a substitute fuel.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above-mentioned object is achieved by the present invention in a loose, substantially disc-shaped, less packed.
Phosphorus for fine grinding and preliminary crusher to obtain gastric fuel
An apparatus for producing a substitute fuel from waste using a glow la Presse, the ring roller press from the inside to the outside
Ring with radially extending through holes
In the apparatus comprises a Lee, through hole has an opening portion of the inlet diameter. 6 to 25 mm in the end portion on the inside, in the following of the opening portion, the other larger exit diameter than the outlet diameter of the opening portion Is solved by the device characterized in that the opening portions of the above are arranged.

[0007] Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for preliminarily pulverizing dust and, in some cases, removing parts containing iron and then finely pulverizing with a ring die and a pressing member in a ring roller press. In a method for producing fuel, in a punching press process, dust is pressed against a web formed between through holes of a ring die using a press member , and an inlet diameter inside the ring die is 6 to 2 mm.
Loosely by the opening portion of the through hole of 5 mm in almost punched into disc-shaped pieces, punched debris, the aperture on the inside
And it has arranged downstream is also solved by a method which is characterized in that through the other opening portion having a larger exit diameter than the opening portion of the inner.

[0008] Further advantageous configurations according to the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In this method, a large amount of fuel can be loaded even if maintenance costs are relatively small, and a substitute fuel can be formed which can be taken in by a heat utilization process without disturbance. If the pulverizer is formed as a ring roller press having a ring die of punching and pulverization, the apparatus can be operated relatively without disturbance and maintenance-free operation. The ring die is provided with through-holes that extend radially from the inside to the outside, and these through-holes have an inlet diameter of 6 to 25 mm at the end of the inner opening, so that a roller-shaped press is possible. The main body can be easily punched and crushed together with the ring and die without generating large heat. The generated substitute fuel can be easily pneumatically transported in a dry state.

The opening inside the ring die is 8 to
Preferably it has an inlet diameter of 15 mm. This part is 2-30 mm long in the radial direction of the ring die, preferably 2
It is effective to extend to a length of ~ 15 mm. In a particularly preferred configuration of the device for heat generation, two openings, which follow one another, extend to the outside of the ring die and are formed so as to extend in a frusto-conical manner with the same conical ratio. In a particularly advantageous configuration of the device, a cylindrical opening inside the ring die is followed by another frustoconical opening, which has the same diameter on the inlet side as the cylindrical opening. Having.

By connecting the openings in series in this manner, an expansion space can be used for the material that has been punched to some extent straight, and prevents subsequent material from adhering, clumping, and fouling. Non-ferrous and / or
Alternatively, an iron and / or non-ferrous separator is connected after the pre-mill to separate and recover the iron-containing parts and to maintain the required specifications or limits for the fuel substitute produced. . In another embodiment of the apparatus or method, an air classifier is connected before the pre-mill, which advantageously allows the weight separation of disturbance substances.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings. The apparatus shown in FIG.
1. A pre-pulverizer formed as a single-shaft cutting device 1 and a ring low equipped with a ring die 3 for performing fine pulverization.
There is Lapress 2. Uniaxial cutting device 1 and ring roller press
An iron separation device 4 is connected between the steel plates 2. The coarse crusher 11 is formed by a rotor shearing machine.

The ring die 3 partially shown in FIG. 2 is rotatable and has a large number of through holes 5. These through holes extend from the inside 6 to the outside 7 of the ring die 3. The through-hole 5 has a cylindrical opening 8 at the end on the inside 6,
Its inlet diameter is about 8-15 mm. The through hole 5 is gradually tapered toward the inside of the ring die 3. The opening 8 is followed by another opening 9 in the radial direction of the ring die 3. The other opening 9 is a ring
It extends conically in the direction of the outside 7 of the die 3 with a cone ratio of about 1:20 to 1:30. The other opening 9 is followed by a third opening 10 which extends cylindrically to the outside of the ring die 3.

The shape of the ring die 3 shown in FIG. 3 has a through hole 5 extending from the inside 6 to the outside 7. This through hole 5
The opening 8 and the opening 9 are formed in a truncated cone shape. The opening 8 and the opening 9 have the same conical ratio and are always facing each other. Ring die 3 shown in FIG.
In the example, the through hole 5 is formed in a step shape. The cylindrical opening 8 is followed by a second opening 9 and a third opening 10 in the radial direction of the ring die 3. These openings 9 and 10 are formed in a cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the opening 10 is larger than the diameter of the opening 9. Opening 9
Has a larger diameter than the opening 8.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the web surface formed between the through-holes 5 of the ring die 3 on the inside 6 is kept relatively small and the rolling and pressing steps which generate heat in the web are carried out. To reduce this, the through-holes 5 are slightly reduced or stepped inside 6 of the ring die 3. Eliminating this reduction in diameter or stepping results in a slight increase in temperature. However, in view of the very good punching action, this rise in temperature can tolerate the relatively sharp punching edges that occur in this case and does not induce an ignition temperature.

In order to prepare a substitute fuel, plastic waste is pulverized to a size of 400 mm or less in a coarse pulverizer 11 formed as a rotor shearing machine, and a particle size of about 200-50 mm is obtained in a single-shaft cutter 1. Crush to a diameter. The coarse disturbance is separated by an air classifier connected between the coarse crusher 11 and the single-shaft cutter 1. Components containing iron are separated from the pre-crushed plastic waste in the iron separator 4. After separating the iron components, remove the pre-crushed plastic
And then finely crushed into loose pieces that are loosely sliced into substantially disc-shaped pieces.

In the fine pulverization by the ring roller press 2, the pre-pulverized plastic dust is pressed by a press mechanism.
Pressed against the inside 6 of the ring die 3 rotating on the web
It is, punched through the opening portion 8, pushed through the remaining portion of the through hole 5 by subsequent material. In another embodiment of the apparatus or method, the pre-mill 1 is formed as a rotor shearing machine.

In the case of pre-milling to about 100 to 70 mm in the pre-mill 1 a particularly high loading capacity can be obtained.
With this apparatus and method, a substitute fuel can be easily produced, for example, from oversized garbage or used carpet floors.

[0019]

As described above, the apparatus and method of the present invention can guarantee a large loading capacity, require less maintenance work, and generate a substitute fuel that can be taken in without disturbance.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for producing a substitute fuel from plastic waste.

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a ring die.

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the ring die.

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the ring die.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Uniaxial cutting machine 2 Ring roller press 3 Ring die 4 Iron separator 5 Through hole 6 Inside 7 Outside 8, 9, 10 Opening part 11 Coarse crusher

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-7-91626 (JP, A) JP-A-61-120626 (JP, A) JP-A-63-191896 (JP, A) JP-A-7-91686 150159 (JP, A) Jikken 61-13197 (JP, Y2) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C10L 5/46

Claims (18)

(57) [Claims] 1. Loose, generally discoid, less packed
It is milled and pre-grinder (1) in order to obtain the non fuel
An apparatus for producing a substitute fuel from waste using the order of the ring roller press (2), the ring roller pre
(2) is radial from the inside (6) to the outside (7)
Ring die (3) with through hole (5) extending through it
The through hole (5) has an opening (8) with an inlet diameter of 6 to 25 mm at its inner end (6), and this opening (8)
After the apparatus characterized by further opening of the larger exit diameter than the exit diameter of the aperture (8) (9) is arranged. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the opening (8) has an inlet diameter of 8 to 15 mm. Wherein the opening portion (8) Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it extends the length of the. 2 to 30 mm toward the radial direction of the ring die (3). 4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the openings (8) and (9) are frustoconical and have the same conical ratio. 5. The opening (8) and the opening (9) are formed in the shape of a truncated cone and the opening (9) is an opening (8).
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device has a larger or smaller cone ratio. 6. The opening (8) is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the opening (8) is followed by another opening (9) in the radial direction of the ring die (3). Device according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the opening part (9) of the ring is conically widened radially of the ring die (3). 7. An opening (9) having a ratio of 1:10 to 1:50,
Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that it preferably spreads with a cone ratio of 1:20 to 1:30. 8. The pre-mill (1) is formed as a rotor shearing machine or a single-shaft cutter, and has a length of 200 to 50 m.
Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for grinding to a particle size of m, preferably 100 to 70 mm. 9. A method for producing a substitute fuel from refuse, wherein the refuse is preliminarily pulverized and, if necessary, parts containing iron are removed and finely pulverized with a ring die and a press member in a ring roller press. In the pressing process, debris is pressed against the web formed between the through holes of the ring die using a press member, and loosened by the opening of the through hole with an inlet diameter of 6 to 25 mm inside the ring die. punched into a nearly disk-shaped fragment Te, punched garbage, inside
Through the other opening portion having a larger exit diameter than the downstream by and have an opening portion of the inside opening portion of the
A method characterized by exiting . 10. The debris passes through the opening, the entrance diameter of the opening inside the ring die being 8 to 15 mm.
The method according to claim 9, wherein 11. The method of claim 11, wherein the debris passes through the opening, wherein the opening inside the ring die extends for a length of 2 to 30 mm in the radial direction of the ring die. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein 12. The punched trash passes through another opening.
It is pressed I, the other opening portion of any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that it is formed so as to expand the ring die radially and frustoconical extend to the outside The method described in. 13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the punched debris is further pressed through another opening formed in a cylindrical shape. 14. The punched trash passes through another opening.
And the other opening portion is conically spread outside the ring die.
The method according to any one of the preceding claims. 15. The method according to claim 9, wherein the refuse is pre-cut by a rotor shearing machine or a single-axis cutting machine. 16. The garbage should be 200 to 50 mm, preferably 100 mm.
16. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that it is pre-ground to a particle size of ~ 70 mm. 17. The method according to claim 9, wherein the non-ferrous components are separated before the refuse is pulverized. 18. The method according to claim 9, wherein the pre-grinding is preceded by a weight separation.