JPH10218707A - Spray composition for soil and plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition having an effect for improving fertility of soil and an effect for improving plant bioactivation and enabling farm products to be grown even if using amounts of chemical fertilizers and agrochemicals are reduced by including chitosan and hydroxyacetic acid. SOLUTION: This spray composition for soil and plant is obtained by formulating (A) 0.1-10wt.% chitosan, preferably, having >=70% deacetylation rate and 1,000-200,000 molecular weight (by a gel permeation chromatography method), (B) hydroxyacetic acid in an amount of 1-15 times as much as that of the component A and (C) optionally 0.1-10wt.% silicic acid sol formed, for example, in a fermentation treatment step of foul dung, water, etc. The component A is obtained by dipping a chitin obtained by carrying out deliming and deproteinating treatments of crab shell, into an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide having 30-50% concentration, removing the alkali from the product, carrying out water-washing and drying of the product after removing the alkali to provide a flaky chitosan or a powdery chitosan by pulverizing the flaky chitosan.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil / plant spray liquid composition. More specifically, the present invention relates to a soil / plant spray liquid composition useful as a soil fertility enhancer and a plant bioactivity enhancer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, agricultural methods that excessively rely on various chemical fertilizers and herbicides have been generalized for the purpose of increasing yield and improving workability in cultivating vegetables and fruit trees, and saving labor in growing plants such as lawns. In addition, chemicals such as soil disinfectants are frequently used in order to avoid continuous cropping failure and soil pests caused by such agricultural methods. As a result, the ability of the soil to grow plants weakens due to the decrease in soil organic matter,
Misuse or overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides disrupts the balance of beneficial microorganisms, increases phytopathogenic microorganisms and harmful nematodes in the soil, degrades the soil microflora, and further removes residual pesticides and their degradation products. There is a problem that toxic substances are accumulated and the ground strength is extremely reduced. Furthermore, it is also developing environmental pollution such as residual agricultural chemicals and their decomposition products flowing into rivers and groundwater. Therefore, it is strongly desired to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used or to establish a safe agricultural method that does not use them. Against this background, organic farming methods using compost and organic fertilizers without using chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been attempted in recent years. At present, it is not possible to achieve this. To overcome this situation, organic cultivation using chitosan, which is obtained from chitin contained in shells of crustaceans such as shrimp and crab, and has antifungal properties, antibacterial properties, and the suppression of the occurrence of soil diseases, etc. Methods have been developed to eliminate the adverse effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as to improve soil microflora. For example, the method is disclosed in JP-A-4-95005 and JP-A-5-213686. However, at present, satisfactory effects have not been obtained.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a soil / plant spraying liquid composition having an effect of enhancing soil fertility such as improvement of soil physical properties, chemical properties, microflora and the like, and an effect of promoting plant physiological activity. I do. In other words, it is useful in soil and plant spraying liquid compositions, especially in organic farming methods, which reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in cultivation of agricultural products such as vegetables and fruit trees and lawns, or enable cultivation without using them. The present invention provides a soil / plant spray liquid composition.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted research to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, by using chitosan and hydroxyacetic acid in combination, it is possible to obtain an excellent plant physiological activity promoting effect and It was found that soil fertility enhancement effects such as suppression of pathogens and soil pathogens, soil pH control, and removal of insoluble salt obstacles were obtained. In addition, it has been found that by adding a silicic acid sol to the composition of chitosan and hydroxyacetic acid, an excellent soil soil strength promoting effect and an excellent plant physiological activity promoting effect can be obtained particularly in organic farming. The present invention has been completed based on these findings. Accordingly, the present invention provides a soil / plant spray liquid composition comprising chitosan and hydroxyacetic acid, and a soil / plant spray liquid composition comprising chitosan, hydroxyacetic acid and silicic acid sol. . The chitosan used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known and commonly used chitosan can be used. For example, commercially available chitin, or naturally occurring shrimp, crustacean shells such as crabs, beetle shell, arthropod exoskeleton, mollusk organs, fungal cell walls such as molds, yeasts, and mushrooms There is chitosan obtained by deacetylation of chitin contained in such as by a conventional method.

[0005] An example of a method for producing chitosan from natural chitin by a conventional method is as follows. First, chitin obtained by decalcifying and deproteinizing crab shells is converted into a 30% to 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After reacting at 50 to 130 ° C., the alkali is removed, washed with water, dried and flaked, or pulverized to make a powder. The chitosan used in the present invention preferably has a deacetylation rate of 70% or more, more preferably 70% to 100%, particularly 80%.
It is preferably set to 90%. The reason for setting the deacetylation rate to 70% or more is that if it is less than 70%, the solubility is low. In the present invention, gel permeation chromatography (GPC)
It is preferable to use a low-molecular-weight chitosan having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 200,000, and a molecular weight of 5,000 to 150,000, especially a molecular weight of 1 to 200,000.
It is preferable to use 10,000 to 100,000 low molecular weight chitosan.
In addition, low molecular weight chitosan having a molecular weight of less than 1000 is not preferable in terms of effect. In addition, since chitosan having a molecular weight of more than 200,000 has a high viscosity when converted into an aqueous solution, when other components are blended, chitosan tends to precipitate and gel due to aging.

The low molecular weight chitosan used in the present invention is preferably chitosan which is soluble or insoluble in alkaline water whose molecular weight has been reduced by hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, hydrochloric acid, nitrous acid, ascorbic acid, enzymes and the like. In the present invention, a water-soluble low molecular weight chitosan produced using ascorbic acid is particularly preferred.
This water-soluble low-molecular-weight chitosan is obtained by adding ascorbic acid to an aqueous dispersion of the raw material chitosan to dissolve the raw material chitosan, and then obtaining the obtained aqueous solution of chitosan ascorbate,
It can be manufactured by performing a temporal treatment or a heating treatment at normal temperature. A preferable method for producing low molecular weight chitosan using this ascorbate is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-063701. The hydroxyacetic acid used in the present invention is a hygroscopic crystal having a melting point of 70 to 74 ° C., is soluble in water, ethanol and ether, and is present in plants such as sugar cane, sugar beet, and grape. This hydroxyacetic acid has a complex salt-forming ability and a chelate-forming ability in addition to the antibacterial action, so it is used as a cleaning agent or a surface treatment agent in the industrial field. Is also used. When used in combination with chitosan, this hydroxyacetic acid exerts an increase in soil fertility such as suppression of the occurrence of plant pathogens and soil pathogens, control of soil pH and removal of insoluble salt damage, and further exhibits remarkable effectiveness in promoting plant physiological activity.

Further, a silicate sol can be added to the soil / plant spray liquid composition of the present invention. The reason for adding this silicic acid sol is as follows. In a rice plant, by absorbing sufficient silicic acid, the light receiving state is improved, and the photosynthetic efficiency, lodging resistance, disease resistance and weather resistance are improved. on the other hand,
Plants other than rice, which are considered not to actively absorb silicic acid, grow well in soil treated with silicic acid.For example, tomatoes show increased fruit yield, stable grain size and elongation at the end of cultivation. This has the effect of preventing powdery mildew. Therefore, the reason for adding the silicic acid sol to the spray liquid composition of the present invention is that an excellent plant physiological activity promoting effect can be expected by promoting the absorption of silicic acid.
In spite of the recognition of the importance of silicic acid for plants in this way, it has been used in the past only for soil and plant sprays containing silicic acid with only poorly water-soluble calcium silicate. The composition is hitherto unknown. The present invention makes it possible to promote the effective absorption of silicic acid by spraying not only on the soil but also on the plant body, especially on the leaves.

The method for forming the silica sol used in the present invention does not need to be particularly limited. For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-23764, an acid such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, or acetic acid is added to an aqueous dispersion of synthetic wollastonite (a ceramic product, manufactured and sold by Chichibu Onoda Cement Co., Ltd.). After the reaction, there is an aqueous solution containing 1 to 10% of a silicic acid sol obtained by filtering off a solid substance. Further, as a preferred example, there is a water extract containing silicate sol produced in the step of fermenting chicken poultry produced by the method disclosed in JP-A-60-255685. That is, synthetic wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid are added to chicken dung and mixed, and the mixture is granulated,
This is a silicic acid sol-containing aqueous extract obtained by adjusting the water content, pH and temperature, fermenting the particulate matter with microorganisms and enzymes latent in the particulate matter, and extracting with water. The extract contains amino acids, soil organic acids such as levulinic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, and citric acid, saccharides, silicic acid, potassium, and the like, and is suitable for supplementing nutrients necessary for the growth of useful microorganisms and plants. .

Next, the concentration of each component in the soil / plant spray liquid composition of the present invention will be described. First, the concentration of chitosan is adjusted to 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 8% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 5% by weight. The reason why the content of the chitosan is set to 0.1% by weight or more is that if it is lower than this, it is not preferable in terms of promotion of soil fertility and suppression of manifestation of diseases caused by plant pathogenic bacteria. This is because chitosan may gel and precipitate over time. Hydroxyacetic acid is 1 to 15 times the weight of chitosan, preferably 5 to 10 times,
Particularly preferably, it is added in an amount of 6 to 8 times. The reason for limiting the amount of hydroxyacetic acid in this way is that if the amount is less than 1 times that of chitosan, chitosan will not be uniformly dispersed when chitosan which is hardly soluble in water is used, and if it is more than 15 times, it is economical. This is not preferred. When a silicic acid sol is added, 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 7% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 5% by weight, based on the soil / plant spray liquid composition containing chitosan and hydroxyacetic acid. weight%
Is appropriate. The reason for defining the concentration of the silicate sol in this manner is that if it is less than 0.1% by weight, it is not preferable in terms of the effects of plant disease resistance and growth, soil soil strength, etc., and if it is more than 10% by weight, This is because a phenomenon in which silicic acid gels and precipitates occurs.

As an example of a method for preparing the composition of the present invention, first, a predetermined amount of chitosan is dispersed and dissolved in water, and a predetermined amount of hydroxyacetic acid is added to the chitosan aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion. . When adding a silica sol,
It is preferable to mix an aqueous solution of silicic acid sol containing 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 8% by weight of silicic acid sol to the composition. The mixing ratio of the composition containing hydroxyacetic acid and chitosan and the aqueous solution containing silicic acid sol is appropriately set to a ratio of 9: 1 to 1: 9 by weight. If necessary for the soil / plant spray liquid composition adjusted here, amino acids necessary for plant growth, nucleic acids, and natural brewed vinegar, ethyl silicic acid, potassium silicate and the like as a silicon and potassium supplement may be mixed. it can.

[0011] The soil / plant spray liquid composition of the present invention contains 10
~ 2000 times, preferably 50 ~ 1500 times, particularly preferably 100 times
It is diluted to 1000-fold and used by spraying it on soil or a plant body, especially on foliage. For example, by diluting the soil fertility activity promoter of the present invention 100 times before sowing and planting and spraying the soil, it is possible to adjust the soil pH, increase the soil sugar content, and cause soil disease manifestation by obligate aerobic bacteria (Fuzalium). , Pyricium, rhizoctonia, etc.) and nematodes, and the effect of improving the growth environment of useful aerobic bacteria such as actinomycetes and enhancing the microbial buffering capacity of soil can be obtained. It also has the effect of removing salt obstacles insolubilized in the soil.Moreover, when the seeding and germination time and after cultivation are further applied, a 500-fold diluted solution of the composition of the present invention is further sprayed to suppress plant diseases occurring on leaves, It has the effect of promoting root growth. In addition, when diseases such as wilting and damping-off started to occur, it was found that if the solution was diluted 50-fold and irrigation or watering was performed, the disease disappeared and normal growth was restored.

[0012]

[Effect of the present invention] The soil / plant spray liquid composition of the present invention comprises:
It has excellent effects as a soil fertility enhancer and a plant bioactivity enhancer, and is suitable not only for conventional agricultural methods but also for organic agricultural methods with no pesticides and low pesticides. The effects of the composition of the present invention are specifically listed as follows. The action of chitosan and hydroacetic acid suppresses the occurrence of plant pathogens and soil pathogens. The complex performance and the chelate performance of hydroacetic acid are effective for soil pH adjustment and salt damage removal, and as a result, continuous cropping failure can be prevented. Silicate sol promotes agglomeration and porous structure of soil,
Improve soil physical properties such as water retention, permeability and air permeability retention. When the silica sol is contained, the absorption of silica is promoted, and the root tissue is strengthened and activated, so that root rot is prevented and root elongation is remarkably promoted, so that the rhizosphere is expanded.
As a result, the nutrient absorption capacity of the root is greatly improved. When the composition of the present invention contains a silicic acid sol extracted from fermented chicken dung, the silicic acid sol component is an organic acid such as lactic acid, levulinic acid, citric acid, amino acids, sugars, and minerals. It contains nutrients necessary for cultivation, and is effective in increasing sugar content, increasing yield, stabilizing grain size, and extending the end of cultivation of agricultural products. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

[0013]

【Example】

[Production of Silicate Sol] In 1600 ml of water, 100 g of synthetic wrestenite (manufactured by Chichibu Onoda Cement) and 13.2 g of 95% sulfuric acid were added, mixed and allowed to stand for 15 minutes. 1120 g of an aqueous solution containing a silicic acid sol was obtained. [Production of silicate sol extracted from fermented chicken manure] 25 kg of raw chicken manure (moisture content 90%) is placed in a 50-liter stirring tank, and sulfuric acid 1.5 kg (6% based on raw chicken manure) and synthetic wrestenite 2.5 kg (manufactured by Chichibu Onoda Cement) (10% based on raw chicken manure) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes and then taken out of the mixing tank. Transfer this product to the fermenter, 15-
After fermentation at 70 ° C for 25 days, the fermented product with 40% moisture 29
kg was obtained. Next, add 88 liters of water and stir,
After filtration, 80 liters of an aqueous extract of a fermented chicken manure was obtained. Table 1 shows the components of this extract.

[0014]

[Table 1] Table-1 (Components of water extract) Ingredients Ratio (%) Total nitrogen 1 Total phosphorus 1.3 Potassium 0.6 Amino acid 4 Organic acids such as levulinic acid 3.3 Sugar content 2 Silica gel 1.3

[Preparation of Soil / Plant Spray Liquid Composition] 1 kg of low molecular weight chitosan having a deacetylation degree of 90%, which has been depolymerized with hydrogen peroxide and having a molecular weight of 100,000 determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), After dispersing in 60 liters of deionized water, 9.5 kg of 70% hydroxyacetic acid was added to dissolve the low molecular weight chitosan. Next, 8.7 kg of natural brewed vinegar, 0.6 kg of the aqueous solution of the silicic acid sol, 2 kg of the aqueous solution of silicic acid sol extracted from the fermented chicken manure, and 1.4 kg of ethylsilicic acid were added and mixed, and the soil / plant spray liquid composition 83 kg was added. I got

Example 1 Phytopathogenic bacteria were preliminarily PD
The cells were cultured on a medium A (manufactured by DIFCO) at 25 ° C for 5 days, and the bacterial tips were punched out with a 5 mm diameter cork borer. The disc was placed on a PDA medium containing a 100-fold diluted solution of the soil / plant spray liquid composition with deionized water (hereinafter referred to as soil / plant spray liquid), and then left at 25 ° C. for 7 days. Then, the growth inhibitory effect of the sprayed liquid on the plant pathogenic bacteria was examined by comparing the diameter of the fungi with the control group to which no soil / leaf sprayed liquid was added.

[0017]

[Table 2] Bacterial strains Diseases caused on crops Growth inhibitory effect Rhizoctonia solani AG4 Culture type III A Vegetable seedling blight Yes Pythium aphanidermatum Vegetable seedling blight Yes Sclerotiumu rolifsii Green onion / white silk fungus Yes Verticillium dahliae Tomato / half-body fungus

Example 2 A 500-fold diluted solution of the soil / plant spray liquid composition was sprayed on the soil at a rate of 1,000 liters per 10a, and then cultivated to plant tomatoes. Then, immediately after harvesting, leaf spraying was carried out at a rate of 100 liters to 200 liters per 10a with a 1000-fold dilution of the spraying liquid composition every 7 to 10 days. As a result, there were no diseases such as blight and wilt, and the color and gloss were good, the fruit was firm, the grain size and stability were improved, and the yield was improved by 20% compared to unused tomato. In addition, there were few whiteflies, leaf mold, leaf-colored beetle, etc. among the pests in the use plots. In addition, in the symmetrical section where the soil / plant spray liquid composition of the present invention was not used, there were many occurrences of pests such as leaf mold, gray mold, ring blight, brassicae, and tomato taste, freshness, color gloss, and aroma. Was not good either.

Example 3 A 500-fold dilution of the spray liquid composition was sprayed on the soil at a rate of 1,000 liters per 10a, then cultivated, and sowed with spinach. In the case of three leaves, a 1000-fold diluted solution of the composition was sprayed at a rate of 100 to 200 liters per 10a. Then add 1000-fold diluted solution per 10a
Foliar spraying was carried out at a rate of 0 to 200 liters at intervals of 7 to 10 days. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of root-knot and damping-off, and it is contained in the leaf surface compared to unused horen grass.
NO ₃ ^-, NO ₂ ^- is approximately 1 / 3-1 / 2 decreases, reducing the free form nitric acid was observed.

Example 4 A 500-fold diluted solution of the above composition was sprayed once on the soil from March to April at a rate of 500 liters per 10 a cherry (cherry) field. A 1000-fold diluted solution of the composition was sprayed 5 times at a rate of 500 liters per 10a from the initial stage of leaf spreading to one week before harvesting. As a result, diseases such as gray sickness, anthracnose, perforation and urumi did not occur, and the size of the squash was even compared to unused cherries (cherry). The sugar content was 23 degrees, which was 4 times higher than the unused plot. In addition, in the symmetrical section in which the soil / plant spray liquid composition of the present invention was not used, the occurrence of pests such as ash disease, anthracnose, black mold disease, leaf beetles and stag beetles was observed.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kazuki Kazama 5-10-8 Minamisawa, Higashikurume-shi, Tokyo Nissei Chemical Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroshi Kawamata 6-26-16 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo Sunlike Co., Ltd.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A soil / plant spray liquid composition comprising chitosan and hydroxyacetic acid. 2. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising a silicate sol. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the chitosan is a low molecular weight chitosan having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 200,000. 4. The soil / plant spray liquid composition according to claim 2, wherein the silicate sol is a silicate sol produced in a step of fermenting chicken manure.