JPH10212722A - Method and device for recovering oil on water surface - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the treatment cost by recovering high viscous oil on the water surface such as on the sea without containing plenty of sea water, so that the oil content can be regenerated and utilized without depending on incineration or the like, and also by recovering the oil by a small vessel in the similar efficiency as by a conventional recovery vessel. SOLUTION: A device for recovering oil is made up of a continuous long and narrow adsorbent A that has buoyancy capable of floating on water, an oil remover by which the oil content impregnated in or attached on the adsorbent A is removedly treated by pressing, scraping, blowing off, or washing, and a recovery vessel C for mounting the oil remover. Then, the adsorbent A is laid so that it is brought into contact with the oil lump D floating on the water surface, and a part of the oil lump D is impregnated in or attached to the adsorbent A, and also a part of the adsorbent A is lifted up on the recovery vessel, and is passed through the oil remover for removing the oil lump D from the adsorbent A and for collecting it inside the recovery vessel C, and further the adsorbent A that has been treated for removing is continuously collected while reciprocating or circulating it several times.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Marine pollution refers to pollution caused by oil spills as well as pollution caused by dirty wastewater such as wastewater from factories and mines and domestic wastewater. The spill source is, for example, a ship such as a tanker, an oil refinery or oil tank facility on the seashore, or a drilling facility for an offshore oil field. Such spills are most likely to be caused by marine accidents or explosions, but can also be destroyed by war.

Most of these oil spills are low-quality oils such as crude oils and have a high viscosity due to a large amount of non-volatile components, and their pollution damage such as destruction of marine resources and death of seabirds is enormous. Originally, high-viscosity oils such as crude oil are difficult to dissolve in water, and because they have high adhesion and tend to form clumps, oil spills should be collected on the water surface in order to prevent damage and reduce recovery costs. Ideally, when drifting to the shore, not only after the already severe environmental destruction has occurred, high-viscosity oil that has adhered to the shore can not be easily recovered, such as sticking to rocky areas or becoming sandy Situation.

[0003] The present invention relates to an improvement in a method and an apparatus for recovering highly viscous oil floating on the surface of water, such as the ocean, which is liable to cause a great environmental destruction when left alone.

[0004]

2. Description of the Related Art It is important to note that capital investment for preventing environmental destruction has not always been aggressive in all countries, and there has been insufficient mechanization such as the deployment of oil recovery vessels. is there.

[0005] Among the conventional recovery methods, the most widespread method is manual recovery. There are two ways. The first method is to directly collect oily lump using a ladle. Although this has a high recovery efficiency directly, seawater is mixed on the surface of the water, and seagrass and sand are mixed on the coast. . In addition, workers are not only involved in heavy labor such as scooping up heavy oily lump, but also concerned about health problems due to volatile components.

[0006] The second is a method in which an adsorption mat such as a non-woven fabric is sprinkled, and an oily lump is impregnated and adhered thereto, followed by recovery. In this method, a large amount of oily lump can be once fixed on the adsorption mat at one time, and by adjusting the dimensions of the adsorption mat, the collection amount can be adjusted to a weight suitable for human power. However, the oily mass impregnated or adhered to the adsorption mat is not only expensive to separate and collect, but also contains impurities similar to those of the ladle, and therefore must be incinerated. In addition, a large amount of the adsorption mat is required for the amount of the oily lump, and the volume to be actually recovered and the amount to be incinerated are increased by the amount of the addition of the adsorption mat, and the efficiency is never good.

[0007] At least recovery by mechanization, which is used at least, is performed by a method of forcibly sucking together with seawater by a powerful pump in an oil recovery ship. With this method, it is possible to recover at a stretch at the collection site at a rapid speed, but at the same time, a large amount of seawater is mixed, the amount of recovery including seawater becomes huge, and the recovery ship is not large In addition, it is inefficient enough to increase the amount of heat by injecting more fuel at the time of incineration, resulting in enormous disposal costs and capital investment.

[0008]

In order to minimize the environmental destruction of oil pollution accidents, it is desirable that the collection process be carried out as soon as possible. And it is necessary to take safety measures. In addition, it is difficult to contribute huge costs even for environmental protection, and even if it can be mechanized, there is a need for a system that does not require enormous disposal costs and capital investment as in the case of conventional oil recovery vessels. In addition, both methods have secondary environmental problems, such as the generation of harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides during the final treatment of incineration. Therefore, it is necessary to remove impurities as much as possible and recover and use only oil components. I have been.

Therefore, the present invention aims to further improve the above-mentioned problems, and by rapidly recovering high-viscosity oil on the water surface such as the sea, environmental destruction can be suppressed as much as possible and seawater is not contained much. To reduce the cost of recycling oil components without incineration, etc., and to enable capital expenditures on small vessels with the same efficiency as conventional vessels. The purpose of this is to provide an environment that can further promote mechanization by suppressing the above.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method and apparatus for recovering oil on a water surface according to the present invention solves the above problems.
The means is a continuous elongated adsorbent having a buoyancy capable of floating in water, an oil remover for pressing, scraping, blowing off, or washing a liquid or viscous oil component impregnated or attached to the adsorbent, and And a recovery vessel for mounting the oil removal machine, and the adsorbent is formed into a finite length or endless shape, and the adsorbent is laid so as to contact the oily mass floating on the water surface, so that the oily mass is removed. A part of the adsorbent is impregnated or attached to the adsorbent, and a part of the adsorbent is lifted to the recovery vessel and passed through an oil remover to remove oily lumps from the adsorbent and collected in the recovery vessel. Furthermore, the adsorbent after the removal treatment is fed out onto the water surface again, and the oily lump is continuously collected while the adsorbent is reciprocated or circulated many times. (Claim 1)

Further, it is made of an adsorbent made of a belt-shaped woven fabric, non-woven fabric or net. (Claim 2)

[0012] Or, it is made of a blind, a pleat, a brush, or an adsorbent made of a band-shaped or corded material obtained by branching a large number of brushes. (Claim 3)

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The oil recovery method and the oil recovery apparatus on the water surface of the present invention configured as described above are as follows. First, a continuous elongated adsorbent having a buoyancy capable of floating on water is used to cover the water surface. It can be laid while flowing long and narrow.
(Claim 1)

Second, a liquid or viscous oil component impregnated or adhering to the adsorbent can be removed by an oil removing machine that performs removal processing by pressing, scraping, blowing off, or washing. (Claim 1)

[0015] Thirdly, the collecting vessel for mounting the oil removing machine can collect and store the oil component removed from the adsorbent, and the adsorbed substance which is taken out by moving the collecting vessel. The body can flow backwards. (Claim 1)

Fourth, by making the adsorbent have a finite length or endless shape, the operation of paying out, flowing, laying, drawing in, removing, and feeding out the adsorbent without stopping while reciprocating or revolving is performed. It can be performed sequentially. (Claim 1)

Fifth, the adsorbent is laid so as to be in contact with the oily lump floating on the water surface, and a part of the oily lump is impregnated or adhered to the adsorbent, thereby temporarily collecting the oily lump. be able to. (Claim 1)

Sixth, the first to fifth embodiments are a series of continuous operation steps, that is, a part of the adsorbent is lifted to a recovery vessel and inserted into an oil remover,
The oily lumps are removed from the adsorbent, collected on a collecting vessel, and the adsorbent that has been subjected to the removal treatment is again fed out onto the water surface,
By continuously collecting the oily lump while reciprocating or rotating the adsorbent many times, the adsorbent once adsorbed the oil component remains the oil component even after removal treatment, and it is difficult to impregnate seawater Promotes the adhesion of oily lumps. (Claim 1)

Seventh, the sixth embodiment enables a continuous operation that is easy to mechanize. (Claim 1)

Eighth, by means of an adsorbent made of a woven, non-woven, or net strip, or by means of blinds, folds, brushes,
Alternatively, the surface area of the adsorbent is increased by the adsorbent made of a band-shaped or cord-shaped core material obtained by branching a large number of brushes, and the adsorbing power of a highly viscous oily lump can be increased. (Claims 2 and 3)

[0021]

[Embodiment 1] As a first embodiment of the present invention, a method and an apparatus for recovering oil on a water surface will be described with reference to FIGS. First, FIG. 1 shows an overview of the recovery method.
An elongated adsorbent A drawn from a collecting vessel C equipped with a press-type oil removing machine B and a collecting tank C1 is elongated so as to follow a miracle where the collecting vessel C slowly sails. It's the same situation as just pulling out a driftnet. At this time, since the adsorbent A has a buoyancy that can float in water, the adsorbent A floats on the water surface. A buoy E is attached to the terminal A4 so that the terminal A4 can be captured later.

Here, the recovery vessel C keeps sailing and feeding out the adsorbent A so as to go around the sea area where the oily lump D exists, and eventually the oily lump D
To completely surround the. Recovery vessel C is buoy E
Around the landmark, eventually capture and lift terminal A4,
Finally, the adsorbent A is connected endlessly.

Further, the adsorbent A is pressed so as to pass between a pair of pressing rolls B1 shown in FIG.
And the preparation work is completed. As a result, the endless adsorbent A is partly lifted up and passes through the oil remover B while being fed out of the collecting vessel C to form an annular shape.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the route of the annular collecting vessel C is gradually narrowed inward, that is, the amount of lifting of the adsorbent A is made larger than that of the adsorbent A, and the ring of the adsorbent A is contracted. Eventually, the adsorbent A is brought into contact with the oily mass D. When the oily lump D comes into contact with the adsorbent A, a part of the oily lump D is impregnated and adheres to the adsorbent A and is adsorbed. At this time, the weight of the adsorbed oily lump D 'itself becomes large, but since it is originally a part of the oily lump D floating on the water surface because it is lighter than seawater or the like, the buoyancy continues after adsorption. The adsorbent A is flowed annularly without sinking, without sinking.

At this point, the adsorbent A passes in the direction 1 between the pair of pressing rolls B1 of the oil removing machine B mounted on the collecting vessel C while the collecting vessel C advances in the direction 2. At this time, the adsorbed oily mass D ′ is extruded and falls down,
The collected oil D1 accumulates in the collection tank C1. Although the remaining oil component remains in the adsorbent A after passing through the impregnating body A, a large amount of the adhering component is extruded by the pressing roll and falls off, so that the amount of the oil component is small.

As described above, in the configuration and method of the present embodiment, the navigation speed of the collecting vessel C, the number of pressing rolls B1 may be increased in a plurality of pairs, and other scraping and blowing may be performed within a range where capital investment is possible. Or adopt a method such as washing,
Or, such as using together, oil removal machine system and capacity,
Appropriate recovery performance can be obtained by the absorption performance per unit length depending on the length, cross-sectional area, structure, and material of the adsorbent A, and the capacity of the recovery tank C.

[0027] For example, in the oil removing machine system, in addition to the above-mentioned pressing system, there are various types such as a scraping system using a scraper, a blowing system using a high-pressure gas, and a cleaning system using a jet of high-pressure low-viscosity oil. A method is conceivable. In addition, the method of using them together will be effective. These removal methods have the following characteristics, and it is desirable to select or combine them according to the structure of the adsorbent and the properties of the oily mass to be recovered.

The pressing method using a roll can remove the entire high-viscosity and low-viscosity oil components, while
A drawback that the formed shape of the adsorbent is easily deformed is considered. The scraping method using a scraper is effective for removing the adhered high-viscosity oil component, but may have a disadvantage that the surface of the adsorbent is easily deteriorated and it is difficult to maintain the adsorbing ability.

The blow-off type using a high-pressure gas is effective for removing low-viscosity oil components. However, in order to prevent an explosion accident, safety measures such as the use of a less active gas other than air are taken. It will be necessary to treat exhaust gas that contains many oil components that are harmful to the human body.

Further, the washing method by jetting high-pressure, low-viscosity oil is effective for removing high-viscosity oil components, but it involves mixing excessive amounts of excess oil components with respect to the recovered amount, and is similar to the blow-off method. It is necessary to take measures against explosion accidents caused by atomization of oil molecules.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the entire recovery method is configured as a whole in multiple layers while using a plurality of recovery vessels C for a common adsorbent laid annularly.
Ideally, it should be large and fast.

[0032]

[Embodiment 2] As embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention, three embodiments of an adsorbent will be described. First, an aspect common to the adsorbent of the present embodiment is that the whole is formed of a soft fibrous strip. The material is polypropylene, polyurethane,
Or, it is made of a thermoplastic resin having a certain degree of oil resistance represented by polyester, a tensile strength, and flexibility.

Of course, it is necessary that the material has a buoyancy enough to float on the water surface, such as having a closed space inside (for example, a foam) or a material having a small specific gravity. It may have a structure with a float attached.

The first adsorbent of the present embodiment is, for example, a plain-woven or twill-woven woven cloth. However, sufficient tensile strength can be ensured.
Further, the surface area becomes large due to the unevenness of the weave pattern, and the adhesive force of the highly viscous oily lump may be secured to some extent. Further, by woven multiple layers, the thickness and the internal voids can be secured, and the impregnation performance of the low-viscosity oil component can be enhanced.

The second adsorbent of this embodiment is a nonwoven fabric,
By making the constituent fibers long fibers, it is possible to secure a certain degree of tensile strength. In addition, since it is a nonwoven fabric, the internal density of the entire adsorbent can be reduced, and at the same time, the number of voids can be increased, so that a large amount of impregnation of the oil component can be secured. That is, it is easy to secure the adsorbing power of the oily lump having a relatively low viscosity. In addition, since it can be manufactured at a lower cost than in other aspects of the present embodiment, the renewal cost can be reduced.

The third adsorbent of the present embodiment is a net, and has a mode in which the weave of the woven fabric is remarkably coarse. Although it is difficult to secure the overall thickness, it is easy to secure the tensile strength,
In addition, since the unevenness is large, it is suitable for attaching a highly viscous oily lump. Therefore, on the one hand, it is not very suitable for the adsorption of low-viscosity oil components, but on the other hand, there is an advantage that it is difficult to impregnate and adsorb water such as seawater which is an impurity for the recovered oil.

Of course, a combination of the above three embodiments is more effective because the respective effects and properties can be obtained repeatedly.

[0038]

Third Embodiment As the third embodiment of the present invention, four types of adsorbents are shown in FIGS. First, a mode common to the adsorbent of the present embodiment is a flexible strip-shaped or cord-shaped core material A.
1 to have a branched body A2 branched from many. The material may be the same as that of the second embodiment, or may be a metal. Of course, it is necessary to secure the buoyancy by devising such as attaching the float A3.

This embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments of the embodiment 2 which has an effect also on the adsorption of a low-viscosity oil component. Is to secure a lot. Therefore,
It is intended to prevent the impregnation and adsorption of moisture while increasing the adhesion efficiency of more highly viscous oily lumps than the impregnation performance of the oil component due to internal voids and the like.

As shown in FIG. 5, the first adsorbent of this embodiment mainly comprises a core material A1 and a number of branch-shaped branches A21 branched therefrom.

As shown in FIG. 6, the second adsorbent of this embodiment mainly comprises a core material A1 and a pleated branch A22 branched from the core material A1.

As shown in FIG. 7, the third adsorbent of this embodiment mainly comprises a core material A1 and a brush-like branch body A23 branched from the core material A1.

As shown in FIG. 8, the fourth adsorbent of the present embodiment mainly comprises a core material A1 and a brush-like branch body A24 branched from the core material A1.

[0044]

As described above, the oil recovery method and the oil recovery apparatus on the water surface according to the present invention are as follows. The work process can be performed, and even with equipment such as a relatively small ship, the oily lump can be collected more quickly and safely.

Second, according to the second and fifth embodiments,
It is possible to enhance the recovery of oily lumps of high-viscosity nonvolatile components, which are particularly serious in terms of environmental destruction. In addition, since the impurities such as seawater can be reduced, the processing cost for recycling the recovered oil component can be reduced, and at the same time, secondary environmental destruction such as simple incineration disposal can be achieved. It is not necessary to adopt a processing method that causes the above.

Third, according to the second and seventh embodiments,
The most efficient recovery method can be selectively selected for oily lumps of various properties.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram showing a start of work in a collection method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall schematic diagram showing a subsequent working stage of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the inside of the recovery vessel of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an overall schematic diagram showing a larger scale as compared with FIG. 1 in another recovery method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a view showing one example of an adsorbent according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing an example of an adsorbent according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view showing an example of an adsorbent according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a view showing one example of an adsorbent according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A adsorbent B oil remover C recovery vessel D oily lump E buoy

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A continuous elongate adsorbent having a buoyancy capable of floating in water, and an oil remover for removing a liquid or viscous oil component impregnated or attached to the adsorbent by pressing, scraping, blowing off, or washing. And a recovery vessel for mounting the oil removal machine, the adsorbent having a finite length or an endless shape, and laying the adsorbent so as to contact an oily mass floating on the water surface. Thereby, a part of the oily mass is impregnated or adhered to the adsorbent, and
By pulling up a part of the adsorbent to the recovery vessel and passing it through the oil remover, the oily lump was removed from the adsorbent, collected in the recovery vessel, and further subjected to the removal treatment. A method and apparatus for collecting oil on a water surface, wherein the adsorbent is drawn out onto the water surface again, and the oily lump is continuously collected while reciprocating or revolving the adsorbent many times. 2. The method and apparatus for recovering oil on the water surface according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent comprises a belt-shaped woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or net. 3. The oil recovery method and apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said oil recovery means is an adsorbent made of a band-shaped or cord-shaped core material obtained by branching out blinds, folds, brushes, or brushes.