JPH10202190A - Method and apparatus for specific gravity screening - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To screen an object to be screened by difference in specific gravities with high purity and at high yield without being influenced by particle size or shape. SOLUTION: The specific-gravity screening apparatus is provided with particle size-adjusting means 1 having at least one function of either handling raw material into uniform thickness in a certain range, or separating the raw material by the thickness and a specific gravity-screening device 2. The particle size- adjusting means 1 is a thickness-screening device comprising single step or a plurality of steps of pressing means or a plurality of slits with different gap spaces. Since the particle size-adjusting means 1 which is capable of efficiently adjusting the thickness of the raw material 100 controlling collection behavior of the specific-gravity screening device 2 is provided, high efficiency in screening utilizing difference in specific gravity can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for selecting a specific gravity, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for selecting a wind force using a specific gravity difference between copper and aluminum.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Sorting apparatuses utilizing a specific gravity difference between copper and aluminum include a floating sedimentation method and a wind separation method. In the floating sedimentation method, an object to be sorted is put into a specific gravity liquid and divided into a floating substance and a sedimentation substance. In the wind power sorting method, a material to be sorted is supplied into a wind cylinder supplying an air flow from below,
In general, a material having a relatively small specific gravity is scattered, and a material having a relatively large specific gravity is dropped and divided.

[0003]

These prior arts have the following problems to be solved. First, the floating sedimentation method uses the physical property of the specific gravity of the substance only, without using the movement in the air flow unlike the wind separation method,
Sorting is possible even with a specific gravity difference smaller than that of the wind sorting method. However, there is a problem that drying equipment and waste liquid treatment equipment are required as accessory equipment, and the types of specific gravity liquid that can be used are actually limited and expensive.

[0004] On the other hand, the wind separation method uses air as the object to be separated, so that post-treatment such as waste oil treatment is not required and the separation can be easily performed, and is superior to the floating sedimentation method. Remains. That is, in the wind separation of copper and aluminum, those which are usually crushed in advance and have a particle size of about 30 mm or less are treated. Then, when the thing with a small specific gravity is scattered by the wind separation method and the thing with a large specific gravity is to be dropped, the thing with a large specific gravity and a small volume, and the thing with a small specific gravity and a large volume, The scattering behavior is opposite to the sorting purpose, it is easy for particles with higher specific gravity to scatter and particles with lower specific gravity to fall,
Sorting performance was limited.

[0005]

The inventor of the present invention has studied the problems of the prior art in detail, and as a result, the performance of the wind separation method is particularly large in the thickness and the shape of the material to be sorted as the raw material. Found to be dominated. FIG. 12 shows an example of test results of the copper and aluminum sorting performance of the wind sorter when the projection area, aspect ratio, and thickness of the sorting object are changed.

According to this, it is shown that the influence of the change in thickness on the recovery rate is significantly greater than the aspect ratio and the projected area of the sorting object. Therefore, in the specific gravity sorting apparatus of the present invention, a high sorting rate can be obtained without being affected by the particle size and shape by making the following improvements.

[0007] 1. First, the raw material is processed by the particle size adjusting means, or the raw material is divided into two or more according to the thickness, and the thickness is adjusted to a predetermined range, and then the specific gravity is selected. And it can be sorted at a high recovery rate.

[0008] 2. In the above item 1, a plurality of rolls are used as the particle size adjusting means, and the materials are pressed and aligned so as to reduce the variation in the thickness of the raw material, whereby the lightweight and heavy materials can be purified with a high recovery rate. Can be sorted out.

3. In the above-mentioned item 1, by using a thickness sieving apparatus using a plurality of slits having different gap distances as particle size adjusting means, light and heavy materials can be separated with high purity and high recovery rate. Can be.

[0010] In the specific gravity separation apparatus of the present invention, the thickness of the raw material, which greatly affects the recovery behavior of a wind separator for separating copper and aluminum, is adjusted by a particle size adjustment apparatus. The particle size adjusting device aligns the raw material to a predetermined range of thickness by either processing the raw material or dividing the raw material according to the thickness. By sorting the raw materials having a uniform thickness in this way, specific substances having a large specific gravity and substances having a small specific gravity can be selected with high purity and high recovery.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a specific gravity sorting apparatus according to the present invention. This device has a particle size adjusting means 1 and a specific gravity sorting means 2
Consists of For the raw material 100 to be sorted, first, the particle size adjusting means 1 processes the raw material 100 to adjust the thickness to a certain range or to classify the raw material 100 according to the thickness. The raw material adjusted to a certain range of thickness in this way is then subjected to the specific gravity sorting means 2, whereby the light-weight material 101 and the heavy material 102 in the raw material are separated with high purity and high recovery rate due to the difference in specific gravity. As a method of adjusting the thickness of the object to be sorted, at least,
It is sufficient that the standard deviation of the thickness of the entire sorted object or each section after the adjustment is smaller than before the adjustment, but it is preferable that the distribution width of the thickness of the raw material is 2 mm or less.

FIG. 2 shows an apparatus 1 of the specific gravity sorting method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a basic structure of a flow sheet showing an embodiment. This apparatus comprises a feeder 200, a pressing means 10, and a specific gravity sorting means 2, as shown in FIG. That is, the raw material 100 to be sorted is supplied from the feeder 200 to the pressing means 10 to equalize the overall thickness, and then is applied to the specific gravity selecting means 2, so that the light weight material 101 and the heavy material 102 in the raw material are heightened due to the difference in specific gravity. Sort by purity and high recovery.

As shown in FIG. 3, the pressing means 10 includes three pairs of press rolls 11, 12, and 13 capable of adjusting the center distance between the rolls, and a roll holding unit 14 that integrally supports the rolls.
It consists of a driving force source 30, and the thickness of the raw material is made uniform through a three-stage press. The roll holding unit 14 is provided with a slide groove 15 along a straight line connecting the axes of the rolls so that the distance between the axes of the paired rolls can be adjusted. Can be adjusted by signal.

The combination of appropriate distances between the roll axes is
It depends on the type and thickness of the raw material, and the final press thickness by the third roll is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the distribution width of the raw material thickness be 2 mm or less. For example, if the thickness distribution width is larger than 2 mm, the sorting efficiency starts to decrease.

The controller 60 also makes a database of the appropriate feed speed of each roll according to the combination of the inter-roll distances, and adjusts the balance of the transport speed according to the combination of the roll inter-axis distances. If the arrangement from the feeder 200 to each press roll pair is arranged vertically downward, biting into each roll pair can be promoted by utilizing the own weight of the raw material.

Although the number of press rolls is three here, the number of rolls may be two or less when the thickness of the raw material is relatively uniform, and may be four or more when the thickness distribution is large. Further, the controller 60 may be omitted, and the combination of the inter-axis distances may be manually set.

In the wind separator 2000, the raw materials having the same thickness as described above are supplied from the feeder 200 as shown in FIG.
02 and high purity and high recovery rate. A screen 90 is provided in the wind cylinder of the wind separator so as to prevent the falling object on the heavy object 102 side from dropping to the fan 70 and guide the collection to the heavy object 102 side.

In this system, it is not necessary to change the wind speed of the wind separator according to the shape of the raw material, and a high recovery rate and high purity can be selected stably. For example, FIG. 4 shows a change in the recovery rate depending on the wind speed when wastes in which copper pieces and aluminum pieces having various particle sizes are mixed are sorted by the method of the present embodiment.

For example, when the raw material is pressed to 1 mm, at a wind speed of about 11 m / s, copper and aluminum can be separated with a recovery rate of about 99% or more, and when pressed to 2 mm, the wind speed is about 13 m / s
Can be sorted with a recovery rate of 98% or more for both copper and aluminum. On the other hand, when the same raw material as described above was directly subjected to wind separation without pressing, as shown in FIG. 5, the sorting performance was maximum at a wind speed of about 16 m / s, but the recovery rate at this time was copper and aluminum. Both are about 87%, which is lower than the 98-99% recovery rate of the present embodiment.

In addition, instead of performing wind power sorting with the thickness being in a certain range as in the present method, the particle size is also in a certain range.
A method of selecting the wind power according to the size is also conceivable (for example, JP-A-6-285431). However, the shape factor that predominantly affects the sorting performance is the thickness, and the influence of the particle size is small. FIG.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the behavior of the recovery rate for each particle size classification by sieving the collected material of the direct wind sorting shown in FIG. 5 according to the particle size.

Both copper and aluminum can be recovered to the maximum at a wind speed of about 13 m / s and 4 to 6 mm when the sieve diameter is 2 to 4 mm.
About 15m / s, about 16m / s for 6-10mm, about 15 for 10-15mm
m / s, the recovery rate is about 90% each, and the maximum recovery rate is 100% when the wind speed is about 15-17 m / s in the sieve diameter section of 15-20 mm. As you can see,
Even if it is sieved according to the particle size and subjected to the wind sorting, the sorting performance as the whole to-be-sorted object is not as high as that of the present embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a flow sheet of one embodiment using a thickness sieve as a particle size adjusting device of a specific gravity sorting device,
FIG. 8 is a sketch of an embodiment of the thickness screen. This apparatus comprises a feeder 400 as shown in FIG.
It comprises a thickness sieve 110 and specific gravity sorting means 21 to 24. The raw material 100 to be sorted is supplied from the feeder 400 to the thickness sieve 110 and sieved according to the thickness. Are separated from each other with high purity and a high recovery rate.

As shown in FIG. 8, the feeder 400 has a shape in which the center of the bottom surface is gradually depressed along the traveling direction in order to uniformly supply the raw material on the supply path 113 to the thickness slit without overlapping. A vibrating feeder is desirable. The thickness sieve 110 includes a belt conveyor 111 provided with a supply path 113 by a partition plate 112 as shown in FIG. 8, and a slit 114 whose height is changed in three stages in parallel along the traveling direction of the belt.

In the present thickness sieve, the raw material 100 is supplied to a slit 114 from a supply path 113 on a belt conveyor 111, and divided into four types according to the apparent thickness of the raw material. The supply path 113 is an area on the belt conveyor 111 on the right side in the drawing, which is generated by a supply section partition plate 112 provided on the conveyor along the traveling direction of the belt conveyor 111. The height of the slit 114 is changed in three stages in parallel along the traveling direction of the belt, and the slit on the left side in the traveling direction is higher and has a larger sieving thickness.

The slits 114 are arranged deeper in the traveling direction as the section is thicker, that is, the slit on the left side in the figure. Thereby, the raw material 100 conveyed on the belt conveyor 111 through the supply path 113 is first supplied to the thinnest section of the slit 114, and the raw material thinner than this slit size passes through the slit, while the raw material 100 is thinner than the slit. The thick raw material is sent to the thicker slit on the left side without passing through the slit, and is sieved again.

By repeating such sieving, the raw materials are
It is divided into four thickness categories of 1001,1002,1003,1004. In addition, in order to prevent the raw material from going over the slit 114, the apparatus has a guide plate 500 above the slit 114.
It has. Further, a slit 114 is provided from above the transport path 113.
When passing through the slit, the whole or a part of the thickness sieve 110 or the slit 114 may be appropriately vibrated in order to prevent the raw material from stopping and blocking on the front or inside of the slit. Here, the number of sections for sieving is set to four, but this is merely an example, and the number of sections can be changed to another number.

FIG. 9 illustrates the result of sorting the thickness sieve 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention. This is the same raw material as in FIGS. 10 to 12, which is divided into a slit having a thickness of 3.5 mm or more and a slit having a thickness of less than 3.5 mm by a thickness slit having a gap of 3.5 mm, and is subjected to wind separation. When the thickness is 3.5 mm or more, the wind speed is about 13 m / s, and when the thickness is less than 3.5 mm, the wind speed is about 17.5 m / s. As described above, in the present embodiment, it is possible to sort at a higher recovery rate than the direct wind sorting as shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the thickness sieve 110 is a rotating cylindrical type.
The present device is configured such that a rotary cylinder 800 having a large number of holes 801 on its side surface is arranged at an angle, and the shape of the hole 801 is rectangular, and its long side extends along the height direction of the cylinder. The length of the short side of the hole 801 is changed on the side surface of the rotary cylinder 800 according to the three regions A, B, and C shown in FIG.
A, B, and C increase in this order.

The rotating cylinder 800 rotates around the rotating shaft 802 in the circumferential direction, and supplies the raw material 100 from the upper end side of the cylinder. The raw material 100 first enters the region A, and the material a having a thickness smaller than the short side of the hole 801 passes through the hole 801 and is discharged out of the rotary cylinder 800. Those having a thickness larger than the short side of the hole 801 then enter the region B, and similarly, those b having a thickness smaller than the short side of the hole are discharged out of the rotary cylinder 800 through the hole.

The same processing is performed in the region C, and the material c having a thickness smaller than the short side of the hole is discharged from the side of the cylinder, and the material d having a larger thickness is discharged from the lower end of the cylinder. Thereby, the raw material can be sieved into four types a, b, c, and d according to the thickness. The shape of the hole 801 is rectangular here, but may be elliptical or the like. Further, the size of the hole 801 is changed in three steps here, but is not limited to three steps and may be any step.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the specific gravity selection means 25 may be separated by a single specific gravity selection means 25 without switching the four series of specific gravity selection means in parallel and switching the thickness division of the feed by the switching means 210. In this case, the control of the switching means is performed by a signal from the switching control means 211 for controlling the operation of the switching means 210 and the flow rate of the specific gravity selecting means, and in conjunction with the switching, the wind speed of the specific gravity selecting means is changed for each thickness classification. May be changed to an appropriate value set in advance in accordance with.

[0033]

According to the specific gravity sorting apparatus of the present invention, a high sorting efficiency utilizing a difference in specific gravity can be obtained by efficiently adjusting the thickness of the raw material which greatly affects the sorting behavior of the specific gravity sorting machine.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a specific gravity sorting device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flow sheet of one embodiment in which a press roll is used for a particle size adjusting device of a specific gravity sorting device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a basic structure of one embodiment in which a press roll is used for a particle size adjusting device of a specific gravity sorting device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the sorting performance of an embodiment using a pressing means as a particle size adjusting device of the specific gravity sorting device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the sorting performance when no particle size adjusting means is used.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the sorting and collecting behavior of FIG. 11 for each classified particle size.

FIG. 7 is a flow sheet of one embodiment in which a thickness sieve is used for a particle size adjusting device of the specific gravity sorting device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a sketch of an embodiment in which a thickness sieve is used for a particle size adjusting device of the specific gravity sorting device of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the sorting performance of one embodiment using a thickness sieve as the particle size adjusting device of the specific gravity sorting device of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an embodiment in which a rotating cylindrical type thickness sieve is used for the particle size adjusting device of the specific gravity sorting device of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows a specific gravity sorting apparatus 1 in which each section sieved by a thickness sieve is alternately supplied to a specific gravity sorting means by a switching means.
It is a flow sheet of an embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing that the sorting behavior of the wind separator is governed by thickness.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... particle size adjusting means, 2 ... specific gravity sorting means, 10 ... pressing means,
11 ... Press rolls 1, 12 ... Press rolls 2, 13 ... Press rolls 3, 14 ... Roll holding parts, 15 ... Slide grooves, 21 ... Specific gravity selecting means 1, 22 ... Specific gravity selecting means 2, 23 ... Specific gravity selecting means 3, Two
4 ... specific gravity selection means 4, 30 ... drive power source, 60 ... controller,
70 ... Fan, 80 ... Groove, 90 ... Screen, 100 ... Raw material, 101
… Recovery lightweight material, 102… Recovery weight material, 110… Thick sieve, 111
... Belt conveyor, 112 ... Supply partition plate, 113 ... Supply path, 114 ... Slit, 200 ... Feeder, 210 ... Switching means, 211 ...
Switching control means, 300 ... feeder, 400 ... feeder, 500 ...
Guide plate, 800 ... rotating cylinder, 801 ... hole, 802 ... rotating shaft, 100
1 ... Category 1 (the thinnest) where materials are sieved by thickness, 10
02: Category 2 (second thinnest) where raw materials were sieved by thickness, 1003 ... Category 3 (third thinnest) where raw materials were sieved by thickness, 1004 ... Category 4 where raw materials were sieved by thickness
(4th thinnest), 2000 ... Wind sorter.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Tatsuhiko Shimazaki 4-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Hitachi, Ltd. Inside

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. In a specific gravity selection method for separating an object to be separated from a mixture of copper and aluminum by wind force using a specific gravity difference between copper and aluminum, the distribution width of the thickness of the raw material is suppressed to within 2 mm, and the separation is performed. Characteristic specific gravity sorting method. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw material is divided into two or more according to the thickness. 3. A specific gravity sorting apparatus comprising: a sorting means for wind-sorting a raw material made of a material to be sorted in which copper and aluminum are mixed; and a raw material supply means for supplying a raw material to the sorting means. Characterized in that the raw material supply system is provided with a particle size adjusting means for adjusting the particle size to the range described above. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the particle size adjusting means comprises a single-stage or a plurality of stages of press rolls.